American Government Roots and Reform, 2020 Presidential Election Edition, 14th Edition Karen O_Conno

Type:

Test Bank

Resource:

American Government Roots and Reform, 2020 Presidential Election Edition

Edition:

14th Edition

Author(s):

Karen O’ Connor Larry J. Sabato

Test Bank

AMERICAN GOVERNMENT Roots and Reform 2020 Presidential Election Edition FOURTEENTH EDITION

KAREN O’CONNOR LARRY J. SABATO

Chapter 1: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture Multiple-Choice Questions

1.

The indigenous people of North America __________. a. had a wide variety of political systems b. created trading networks that spanned the continent c. were unified in their religious beliefs d. generally practiced an early form of direct democracy Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of American Government?

Learning Objective: 1.1 Trace the origins of American government.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate

2.

What was the most common initial reason for settlement in North America by the first colonists? a. family reunification b. religious freedom c. flight from diseases d. commerce Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of American Government?

Learning Objective: 1.1 Trace the origins of American government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

3.

Many colonial constitutions contained a(n) __________. a. local government structure b. enumerated bill of rights c. unicameral legislature d. strong executive branch Answer: b Topic: Functions of American Government

1 ..

Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain the functions of American government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 4.

Indirect democracy uses which of the following? a. plebiscites b. unanimity c. representation d. aristocrats Answer: c Topic: Functions of American Government Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain the functions of American government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

5.

What are republics? a. representative democracies b. direct democracies c. a mix of many systems d. communist regimes Answer: a Topic: Functions of American Government Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain the functions of American government.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

6.

Local governments having police forces and states having national guards are both examples of the government fulfilling which of the following obligations? a. establishing justice b. securing the blessings of liberty c. promoting the general welfare d. ensuring domestic tranquility Answer: d Topic: Functions of American Government Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain the functions of American government.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

7.

Which of the following best explains why regionalism developed in the early days of the United States? a. the pursuit of economic equality

2 ..

b. the establishment of an aristocracy c. the goal to find racial equality d. the pursuit of religious freedom Answer: d Topic: How Have American People and Their Culture Changed Over Time?

Learning Objective: 1.3 Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 8.

In general, which of the following is true about the U.S. population? a. It is mostly under the age of thirty. b. It is getting older on average over time. c. It is becoming more homogeneous. d. It is becoming more Christian.

Answer: b Topic: How Have American People and Their Culture Changed Over Time?

Learning Objective: 1.3 Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

9.

Roughly what percentage of Americans are immigrants? a. 0.7 percent b. 3 percent c. 9 percent d. 15 percent Answer: d Topic: How Have American People and Their Culture Changed Over Time?

Learning Objective: 1.3 Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

10.

Which of the following statements best compares Southerners to Northerners? a. Northerners are more religious. b. Northerners are more likely to favor an expansion of states’ rights. c. Southerners are more in favor of civil rights. d. Southerners are more likely to favor downsizing the federal government.

Answer: d Topic: How Have American People and Their Culture Changed Over Time?

Learning Objective: 1.3 Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

3 ..

11.

Roughly what percentage of American children live in a single-parent household? a. 10 percent b. 15 percent c. 25 percent d. 40 percent Answer: c Topic: How Have American People and Their Culture Changed Over Time?

Learning Objective: 1.3 Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate

12.

Based on the average age of the state’s population, which issue would you expect to be least important to voters in Florida, which has the oldest state population in the U.S.? a. Social Security b. Medicare c. public education d. prescription drug costs Answer: c Topic: How Have American People and Their Culture Changed Over Time?

Learning Objective: 1.3 Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

13.

Over time, Americans’ expectations of the national government have generally __________. a. increased compared to what they expect from states b. decreased as citizens pay a lesser share of taxes c. been related to national defense d. been related to foreign policy Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Are Things, Really?

Learning Objective: 1.4 Characterize changes in Americans’ attitudes toward and expectations of government.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

14.

Americans’ confidence in government institutions in the United States has __________. a. fluctuated depending on foreign policy commitments b. been largely dependent on political party affiliation c. generally decreased over time d. fluctuated depending on who is in office

4 ..

Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: How Are Things, Really?

Learning Objective: 1.4 Characterize changes in Americans’ attitudes toward and expectations of government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 15.

Americans generally have the lowest levels of confidence in which of the following institutions? a. the press b. the medical system c. the executive branch d. Congress Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: How Are Things, Really?

Learning Objective: 1.4 Characterize changes in Americans’ attitudes toward and expectations of government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

16.

For roughly the first 150 years of its existence, what was the primary responsibility of the national government? a. regulating business b. providing national defense c. providing poverty relief d. inspecting food Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Are Things, Really?

Learning Objective: 1.4 Characterize changes in Americans’ attitudes toward and expectations of government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

17.

The first permanent English settlement was established where? a. Jamestown b. Albany c. St. Augustine d. Plymouth Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of American Government?

Learning Objective: 1.1 Trace the origins of American government.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

5 ..

Difficulty Level: Easy 18.

Roger Williams settled which colony as part of his effort to separate from the Church of England? a. Plymouth b. Providence Plantations c. Massachusetts Bay d. Delaware Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of American Government?

Learning Objective: 1.1 Trace the origins of American government.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

19.

The long-term survival of William Penn’s colony has been attributed to its __________. a. mineral wealth b. natural location c. religious freedom d. religious diversity Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of American Government?

Learning Objective: 1.1 Trace the origins of American government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

20.

Enlightenment philosophers would most likely agree that __________. a. liberty and domestic tranquility went hand in hand and required tolerance of individual differences b. rights could be violated if it promoted the national defense c. the government is the sole protector of individual rights d. it is the role of the government to minimize its involvement in society while maximizing security Answer: a Topic: Functions of American Government Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain the functions of American government.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

21.

The debate over the Affordable Care Act is an example of conflicting visions of __________. a. whether the federal government cares about the well-being of its citizens b. whether the federal or state governments are better at enacting social policies

6 ..

c. how much the government should be involved in the lives of its citizens d. how much debt the federal government should be allowed to absorb Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: How Are Things, Really?

Learning Objective: 1.4 Characterize changes in Americans’ attitudes toward and expectations of government.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

7 ..

22.

Early immigrants to New Amsterdam included __________. a. women seeking religious toleration b. free Black people, mainly from the British Isles c. American Indians fleeing enslavement by Spanish settlers d. Puritans who had been ejected from England Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of American Government?

Learning Objective: 1.1 Trace the origins of American government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

23.

The first women arrived in Jamestown, Virginia, in the year __________. a. 1632 b. 1620 c. 1619 d. 1636 Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of American Government?

Learning Objective: 1.1 Trace the origins of American government.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

24.

What was the key power of colonial assemblies? a. They acted as advisors to the governors of the colonies. b. They had command of militias. c. They functioned as the highest court in the colonies. d. They were the sole entities entrusted with allocating taxes.

Answer: d Topic: Functions of American Government Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain the functions of American government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

25.

What system of government did the American colonies adopt to fight the Revolutionary War against the British? a. a confederate form of government b. a direct democracy c. independent states linked by treaties to ensure mutual aid d. a federal system Answer: a

8 ..

Topic: Functions of American Government Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain the functions of American government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 26.

Single-parent families are more likely to support government investment in which of the following? a. higher education b. after-school programs c. medical research d. law enforcement reform Answer: b Topic: How Have American People and Their Culture Changed Over Time?

Learning Objective: 1.3 Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

27.

For the first 150 years of U.S. history, how did the power of the federal government compare with that of the state governments? a. The state governments were more powerful only in the areas of tariffs and taxes. b. The federal and state governments had roughly equal power, but in different areas. c. The state governments were generally far more powerful. d. The federal government was more powerful in matters affecting Americans’ everyday lives.

Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: How Are Things, Really?

Learning Objective: 1.4 Characterize changes in Americans’ attitudes toward and expectations of government.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

9 ..

Chapter 2: The Constitution Multiple-Choice Questions

1.

At the Constitutional Convention, the delegates agreed that enslaved people would be counted as what proportion of a person for determining population for representation in the House of Representatives? a. one-third b. three-fifths c. two-thirds d. four-fifths Answer: b Topic: How Was the U.S. Constitution Written?

Learning Objective: 2.3 Outline the issues resolved by compromise during the writing of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

2.

In what year was the Declaration of Independence signed? a. 1776 b. 1787 c. 1797 d. 1801 Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the causes of the American Revolution and the ideals on which the United States and the Constitution are based.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

3.

The only constitutional amendment to be repealed was the ______. a. Fifteenth Amendment b. Eighteenth Amendment c. Twenty-First Amendment d. Seventeenth Amendment Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Does the Amendment Process Work?

Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe the processes by which the Constitution can be amended.

10 ..

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 4.

The U.S. Constitution was adopted in response to the weaknesses of which document? a. the Federalist Papers b. the Constitution of the United Kingdom c. the Declaration of Independence d. the Articles of Confederation Answer: d Topic: What Are the Articles of Confederation?

Learning Objective: 2.2 Identify the components of the Articles of Confederation and the reasons for their failure.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

5.

The colonists rebelled against the imposition by the British government of which of the following? a. taxes b. a military draft c. curfews d. religious laws Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the causes of the American Revolution and the ideals on which the United States and the Constitution are based.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

6.

Who was the principal drafter of the Declaration of Independence? a. James Madison b. Benjamin Franklin c. Thomas Jefferson d. George Washington Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the causes of the American Revolution and the ideals on which the United States and the Constitution are based.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

7.

Which of the following debated and drafted the Declaration of Independence from 1775 to 1776?

11 ..

a. the First Continental Congress b. the Second Continental Congress c. the Committees of Correspondence d. the Constitutional Convention Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the causes of the American Revolution and the ideals on which the United States and the Constitution are based.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate 8.

Which clause provides that the Constitution shall be the supreme law of the land? a. full faith and credit b. supremacy c. primacy d. due process Answer: b Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4: Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

9.

Which of the following people generally favored a stronger national government and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution? a. Shaysites b. Federalists c. Anti-Federalists d. Constitutionalists Answer: b Topic: What Was the Process for Ratifying the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.5 Outline the arguments for and against ratification of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

10.

The Bill of Rights comprises how many amendments? a. ten b. thirteen c. twenty d. twenty-seven Answer: a

12 ..

Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 11.

In what year was the U.S. Constitution ratified? a. 1776 b. 1797 c. 1791 d. 1788 Answer: d Topic: What Was the Process for Ratifying the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.5 Outline the arguments for and against ratification of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate

12.

Which of the following articles contains constitutional language about the executive branch of government? a. Article I b. Article II c. Article III d. Article IV Answer: b Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

13.

One way the Constitution can be altered without a constitutional amendment is through ______. a. legislative actions b. executive orders c. judicial interpretation d. public referendums Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: How Does the Amendment Process Work?

Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe the processes by which the Constitution can be amended.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

14.

Which of the following men was known for his social contract theory and the idea that citizens should rebel against unjust governments?

13 ..

a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau b. John Locke c. Samuel Adams d. Paul Revere Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the causes of the American Revolution and the ideals on which the United States and the Constitution are based.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 15.

Which of the following imposed a tax on paper items such as cards and books? a. Crown Act b. Paper Act c. Stamp Act d. Tax Act Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the causes of the American Revolution and the ideals on which the United States and the Constitution are based.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

16.

How many of the thirteen colonies voted for independence on July 12, 1776? a. nine b. ten c. twelve d. thirteen Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the causes of the American Revolution and the ideals on which the United States and the Constitution are based.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate

17.

In what year was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? a. 1776 b. 1782 c. 1791 d. 1828

14 ..

Answer: c Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 18.

Article I, section 8, of the Constitution lists the powers associated with which part of the government? a. the legislative branch b. the presidency c. the court system d. the states Answer: a Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

19.

During the Constitutional Convention, an unelected federal judiciary was most distrusted by ______. a. small states b. large states c. southern states d. northern states Answer: a Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

20.

Shays’s rebellion was in response to the condition of ______. a. religious leaders b. enslaved people c. poorer bankers d. veteran farmers Answer: d Topic: What Are the Articles of Confederation?

Learning Objective: 2.2 Identify the components of the Articles of Confederation and the reasons for their failure.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

15 ..

21.

The Constitution required consent from how many states for ratification? a. a majority of the states b. nine states c. twelve states d. all thirteen states Answer: b Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

22.

Many of the Founders believed that the legitimacy of the government is derived from which of the following? a. majority rule b. a social contract c. a divine right d. military force Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the causes of the American Revolution and the ideals on which the United States and the Constitution are based.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

23.

Under the Articles of Confederation, the legislature was ______. a. led by the president b. led by a committee c. bicameral d. unicameral Answer: d Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate

24.

Under the Constitution, the president is elected by which of the following? a. the Senate b. the People’s Plebiscite c. the Electoral College d. direct popular election

16 ..

Answer: c Topic: How Was the U.S. Constitution Written?

Learning Objective: 2.3 Outline the issues resolved by compromise during the writing of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy 25.

What is the principle that each branch of the federal government has some ability to oversee and influence actions by other branches of government? a. weights and measures b. checks and balances c. action and reaction d. privileges and immunities Answer: b Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

26.

The First Continental Congress was called partially in response to which of the following? a. concerns about the Articles of Confederation b. Shays’s Rebellion c. the Coercive Acts d. the Three-Fifths Compromise Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the causes of the American Revolution and the ideals on which the United States and the Constitution are based.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

27.

The executive branch is in charge of which of the following? a. passing federal laws b. declaring war c. interpreting treaties d. enforcing federal laws Answer: d Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

17 ..

28.

The “Intolerable Acts” was the colonists’ name for the ______. a. Stamp Acts b. Tea Acts c. Coercive Acts d. Mercantile Acts Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the causes of the American Revolution and the ideals on which the United States and the Constitution are based.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate

29.

In the United States, the national government derives its power from which of the following? a. states b. courts c. laws d. the people Answer: d Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

30.

Which of the following most directly protects individuals’ civil liberties? a. the Magna Carta b. the Articles of Confederation c. the Bill of Rights d. the Declaration of Independence Answer: c Topic: What Was the Process for Ratifying the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.5 Outline the arguments for and against ratification of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

31.

What was the subject of the Great Compromise? a. the legality of slavery b. state representation in Congress c. the powers of the Supreme Court justices d. the form of the executive branch Answer: b

18 ..

Topic: How Was the U.S. Constitution Written?

Learning Objective: 2.3 Outline the issues resolved by compromise during the writing of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 32.

Anti-Federalists would be most likely to support which of the following? a. limited trade treaties b. a bicameral legislature c. a strong national bank d. strong state governments Answer: d Topic: What Was the Process for Ratifying the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.5 Outline the arguments for and against ratification of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

33.

What does the Ninth Amendment say? a. The states have all of the powers not granted to the federal government. b. The people have all of the powers not granted to the federal government c. The Constitution’s enumerated rights are not inclusive. d. Those accused of a crime have certain enumerated rights.

Answer: c Topic: What Was the Process for Ratifying the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.5 Outline the arguments for and against ratification of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

34.

Which of the following was a problem under the Articles of Confederation? a. The national government was too strong compared to the states. b. Amendments were too easy to ratify. c. Congress had the power to coin money. d. Congress lacked the specific power to tax.

Answer: d Topic: What Are the Articles of Confederation?

Learning Objective: 2.2 Identify the components of the Articles of Confederation and the reasons for their failure.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

35.

What did supporters of the New Jersey Plan want to do to the Articles of Confederation?

19 ..

a. rewrite them b. strengthen them c. add a bill of rights to them d. create versions for each state Answer: b Topic: How Was the U.S. Constitution Written?

Learning Objective: 2.3 Outline the issues resolved by compromise during the writing of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 36.

Prior to ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, how were senators selected? a. by direct election b. by the president c. by state governors d. by state legislatures Answer: d Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

37.

Which of the following is a reason for the separation of powers? a. to ensure the power of the executive b. to promote equality of opportunity c. to prevent tyranny by any one branch d. to create gridlock in government Answer: c Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

38.

Which of the following was part of both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution? a. a legislative branch b. the presidency c. the federal judiciary d. a national tax system Answer: a Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

20 ..

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate 39.

Which of the following can be found in Article I? a. Electoral College b. procedure for presidential impeachment c. necessary and proper clause d. supremacy clause Answer: c Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate

40.

Which government entity has the power to settle disputes between the states? a. Senate b. House of Representatives c. Secretary of the Interior d. Supreme Court Answer: d Topic: What Are the Key Features of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the framework for government expressed in the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

41.

Which of the following were most likely to oppose the proposed Constitution? a. lawyers b. merchants c. small farmers d. plantation owners Answer: c Topic: What Was the Process for Ratifying the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.5 Outline the arguments for and against ratification of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

42.

Which of the following can be used to help determine the intent of the Framers? a. the supremacy clause b. The Federalist Papers c. checks and balances d. Full Faith and Credit

21 ..

Answer: b Topic: What Was the Process for Ratifying the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.5 Outline the arguments for and against ratification of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 43.

What was the greatest fear of the Anti-Federalists during the Constitutional Convention and subsequent debate? a. that a bicameral legislature would be inefficient b. that a strong national government would infringe on the rights of the states c. that a powerful judiciary would restrict freedom of religion d. that powerful state governments would infringe on individual liberties Answer: b Topic: What Was the Process for Ratifying the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.5 Outline the arguments for and against ratification of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

44.

Which of the following is a method of ratifying constitutional amendments? a. by a majority of voting-age citizens b. by a majority of state governors c. by three-fourths of the state legislatures d. by three-fourths of the state governors Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: How Does the Amendment Process Work?

Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe the processes by which the Constitution can be amended.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

45.

Which of the following was used by colonists to keep each other abreast of developments with the British and helped to ferment public opposition to Britain? a. a free press and national newspapers b. The Second Continental Congress c. The Committees of Correspondence d. Common Sense and The Federalist Papers Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the causes of the American Revolution and the ideals on which the United States and the Constitution are based.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

22 ..

46.

The Articles of Confederation created a type of government that was common among ______. a. European nations b. Indian tribes c. individual states d. other British colonies Answer: b Topic: What Are the Articles of Confederation?

Learning Objective: 2.2 Identify the components of the Articles of Confederation and the reasons for their failure.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

47.

Under the Articles of Confederation, each state retained the authority to do which of the following? a. coin money b. negotiate with Indian tribes c. govern within its territories d. raise revenue to pay off war debts Answer: c Topic: What Are the Articles of Confederation?

Learning Objective: 2.2 Identify the components of the Articles of Confederation and the reasons for their failure.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

48.

Shays’s Rebellion was quelled as a result of which of the following? a. A privately paid militia was assembled to defeat the rebels. b. The governor of Massachusetts raised a state militia, which put down the rebellion. c. The secretary of war assembled a national militia to which each state contributed funds. d. The rebels voluntarily withdrew after receiving the promised bonuses.

Answer: a Topic: What Are the Articles of Confederation?

Learning Objective: 2.2 Identify the components of the Articles of Confederation and the reasons for their failure.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

49.

In the 1960s, some historians began to argue that social and economic factors ______.

23 ..

a. were less important than the Framers’ individual views about government b. were responsible for the failure of the Articles of Confederation c. explained different groups’ support for or opposition to the Constitution d. persuaded the Framers to limit the powers of the national government Answer: c Topic: How Was the U.S. Constitution Written?

Learning Objective: 2.3 Outline the issues resolved by compromise during the writing of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 50.

According to Charles Beard, why did business owners want a strong national government? a. They believed it would support the ideas that had inspired the American Revolution and the break with Great Britain. b. They feared the growing power of the individual state governments. c. They believed a decentralized government would limit their ability to accumulate wealth. d. They believed it would promote industry and trade, protect private property, and ensure payment of the public debt.

Answer: d Topic: How Was the U.S. Constitution Written?

Learning Objective: 2.3 Outline the issues resolved by compromise during the writing of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

51.

The Virginia Plan called for a national system that would include ______. a. an executive branch of multiple persons elected by Congress b. a one-house legislature, with representatives chosen by state legislatures c. a powerful central government with three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial d. a national Supreme Court with members appointed by the executive Answer: c Topic: How Was the U.S. Constitution Written?

Learning Objective: 2.3 Outline the issues resolved by compromise during the writing of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

52.

The two stages of the formal amendment process are ______ and ______. a. proposal; interpretation b. proposal; ratification c. initiative; ratification d. investigation; interpretation

24 ..

Answer: b Topic: Political Reality: How Does the Amendment Process Work?

Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe the processes by which the Constitution can be amended.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 53.

How did the Supreme Court’s ruling In Marbury v. Madison affect the role of the Court? a. It increased the authority of the Supreme Court. b. It increased the power of state governments in relation to the federal government. c. It limited the power of federal courts to nullify acts of the other branches of government. d. It provided an adaptable, flexible framework for nominations to the federal courts.

Answer: a Topic: Political Reality: How Does the Amendment Process Work?

Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe the processes by which the Constitution can be amended.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

54.

What role do presidents and governors play in amending the Constitution? a. State governors are responsible for calling a ratifying convention in each state. b. The president must propose an amendment in order for it to be considered by Congress. c. Presidents and governors play no formal institutional role. d. The president or a governor can veto an amendment after it has been ratified.

Answer: c Topic: Political Reality: How Does the Amendment Process Work?

Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe the processes by which the Constitution can be amended.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Difficult

55.

Which of the following were most likely to be Federalists? a. those who saw themselves as most fit to govern b. laborers c. those who were anti-British d. those who believed in the decency of “the common man” Answer: a Topic: What Was the Process for Ratifying the U.S. Constitution?

Learning Objective: 2.5 Outline the arguments for and against ratification of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

25 ..

Chapter 3: The Federal System Multiple-Choice Questions

1.

In the late 1980s, what caused the Rehnquist Court to start to restrict Congress’s ability to regulate various areas of the economy? a. an increased use of executive orders b. the Court’s support for states’ rights c. legislation restructuring the court system d. the decline of New Federalism Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Are National and State Powers Really Balanced?

Learning Objective: 3.4 Analyze the impact of federalism on the relationships among national, state, and local levels of government.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

2.

Prior to ratification of the Constitution, the United States was governed by the Articles of ______. a. Confederation b. Declaration c. Federalism d. Independence Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal System?

Learning Objective: 3.1 Trace the roots of the federal system and distinguish it from other types of government.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

3.

Local and regional governments derive authority from the national government in what kind of system? a. unitary b. federal c. confederal d. monarchical Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal System?

26 ..

Learning Objective: 3.1 Trace the roots of the federal system and distinguish it from other types of government.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 4.

What two types of powers does Congress have under Article I, section 8, of the U.S. Constitution? a. enumerated; implied b. enumerated; suggested c. implied; explicit d. suggested; explicit Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal System?

Learning Objective: 3.1 Trace the roots of the federal system and distinguish it from other types of government.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

5.

Which of the following is an example of an ex post facto law? a. Congress passes a law and tries to punish people who broke that law before it was passed. b. Congress uses its authority to deny grant funding to larger states. c. States try to define their authority using their own constitutions. d. States challenge the constitutionality of federal legislation in courts.

Answer: a Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

6.

Under the system created by the Framers, the national and state governments share power and derive all authority from the __________. a. Bill of Rights b. Constitution c. people d. president Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal System?

Learning Objective: 3.1 Trace the roots of the federal system and distinguish it from other types of government.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

27 ..

7.

Article VI of the U.S. Constitution establishes that federal law is ______. a. irrelevant when resolving conflicts between the states b. inferior compared to orders by the president c. secondary to state laws when in conflict d. supreme in conflicts between federal and state law Answer: d Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

8.

Which amendment states that those powers not given to the federal government and not prohibited to the states by the Constitution are reserved for the states and the people? a. Eighth b. Tenth c. Eleventh d. Fourteenth Answer: b Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

9.

What type of powers are shared by the federal and state governments? a. concurrent b. confederal c. enumerated d. unified Answer: a Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

10.

Which clause in the Constitution ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in another? a. commerce b. full faith and credit c. due process d. equal protection

28 ..

Answer: b Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 11.

Dillon’s Rule states that all local government must be authorized by which of the following? a. the federal government b. the courts c. the state government d. the people Answer: c Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

12.

The process of incorporation has resulted in the ______. a. creation of new governments b. expansion of federal power c. eradication of judicial review d. restriction of legislative authority Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Are National and State Powers Really Balanced?

Learning Objective: 3.4 Analyze the impact of federalism on the relationships among national, state, and local levels of government.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

13.

The proclaimed right of a state to declare a federal law void is known by what term? a. legislative veto b. nullification c. referendum d. reformation Answer: b Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

14.

In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court ______.

29 ..

a. broadly interpreted the national government’s power to regulate interstate commerce b. broadly interpreted the president’s power to wage war c. narrowly interpreted Congress’s power to make law and collect taxes d. narrowly interpreted Congress’s power to oversee the executive branch Answer: a Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 15.

Dillon’s Rule states that ______. a. local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty b. state governments only have conditional sovereignty c. tribal governments have an unlimited claim to sovereignty d. the federal government has coercive sovereignty Answer: a Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

16.

Which amendment gave Congress the power to levy and collect federal taxes on incomes without apportioning them among the states? a. Seventeenth b. Sixteenth c. Fourteenth d. Tenth Answer: b Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

17.

In McCulloch v. Maryland, which clause of the U.S. Constitution did the Supreme Court interpret as preventing Maryland from taxing the national bank? a. commerce b. supremacy c. due process d. equal protection Answer: b Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

30 ..

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 18.

What type of grants typically allocate federal dollars for a specific purpose based on a state’s population? a. block b. categorical c. commerce d. programmatic Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Are National and State Powers Really Balanced?

Learning Objective: 3.4 Analyze the impact of federalism on the relationships among national, state, and local levels of government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

19.

The Supreme Court’s Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) decision narrowed the scope of the federal government’s power by determining that ______. a. state laws were supreme over conflicting national laws b. states had inherent power to nullify federal laws c. Congress could not regulate interstate commerce d. Congress lacked the authority to ban slavery in the territories Answer: d Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

20.

Which of the following is true of progressive federalism? a. It is both coercive and cooperative in nature. b. It is basically the same as dual federalism. c. It can only be used in extreme situations when authorized by the government. d. It can be understood as a more philosophical approach to federalism.

Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Are National and State Powers Really Balanced?

Learning Objective: 3.4 Analyze the impact of federalism on the relationships among national, state, and local levels of government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

21.

What are reserved powers?

31 ..

a. powers specifically delegated to the national government by the Constitution b. powers specifically delegated to state governments by the Constitution c. powers that are claimed by the national government but not mentioned in the Constitution d. powers that are not specifically delegated to the national government by the Constitution Answer: d Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 22.

Which of the following categories of grants did President Lyndon Johnson favor? a. unfunded b. categorical c. block d. populist Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Are National and State Powers Really Balanced?

Learning Objective: 3.4 Analyze the impact of federalism on the relationships among national, state, and local governments.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

23.

A form of government in which the right to participate is dependent on wealth and social status is known as ______. a. a confederation b. a monarchy c. an oligarchy d. totalitarianism Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal System?

Learning Objective: 3.1 Trace the roots of the federal system and distinguish it from other types of government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

24.

Which clause of the Constitution means that legally sanctioned marriages performed in one state should automatically be recognized by other states? a. commerce b. supremacy c. full faith and credit d. equal protection

32 ..

Answer: c Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 25.

What was the dominant model of federalism starting with the New Deal? a. cooperative b. dual c. progressive d. unified Answer: a Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

26.

Which type of federalism is characterized by a system of separate but equally powerful state and national governments? a. combined b. cooperative c. dual d. progressive Answer: c Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

27.

One benefit of the federal system is the ability of the states to operate as ______. a. subservient to national decisions b. laboratories for new ideas c. experiments for court systems d. cradles of democracy Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Are National and State Powers Really Balanced?

Learning Objective: 3.4 Analyze the impact of federalism on the relationships among national, state, and local levels of government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

33 ..

28.

Which of the following is an example of a reserved power of the states? a. establishing a post office b. coining money c. morality laws d. conducting foreign relations Answer: c Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

29.

Most block grants under Reagan went to ______. a. highways and infrastructure b. social welfare and scientific research c. education and health care d. military and national intelligence Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: How Are National and State Powers Really Balanced?

Learning Objective: 3.4 Analyze the impact of federalism on the relationships among national, state, and local levels of government.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate

30.

Which of the following clauses requires states to return criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial? a. extradition b. commerce c. privileges and immunities d. full faith and credit Answer: a Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

31.

The Seventeenth Amendment gave the people the power to elect which of the following? a. state executives b. local officials c. the president d. senators

34 ..

Answer: d Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 32.

Barron v. Baltimore held that what is bound by the Bill of Rights? a. the state governments b. the federal government c. the legislature d. the executive Answer: b Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

33.

Which of the following is an enumerated power of the national government? a. creation of a national bank b. regulating guns near schools c. marriage and divorce d. coining money Answer: d Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

34.

New Federalism most favors which type of government grant? a. block grants b. unfunded mandates c. categorical grants d. programmatic requests Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Are National and State Powers Really Balanced?

Learning Objective: 3.4 Analyze the impact of federalism on the relationships among national, state, and local levels of government.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

35.

Which of the following best exemplifies cooperative federalism?

35 ..

a. New Deal legislation b. Reconstruction c. the use of block grants d. the full faith and credit clause Answer: a Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 36.

The concept of nullification was a central issue behind which of the following? a. the New Deal b. the Revolutionary War c. the Great Depression d. the Civil War Answer: d Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

37.

The power of both the state and federal governments to levy taxes is an example of what type of power? a. reserved b. concurrent c. cooperative d. enumerated Answer: b Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

38.

The New Deal best exemplifies which type of federalism? a. dual b. layer-cake c. competitive d. cooperative Answer: d Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

36 ..

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 39.

Which of the following is a power specifically denied the states by the Constitution? a. conducting elections b. establishing local governments c. passing bills of attainder d. levying taxes on citizens Answer: c Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

40.

Under which Court did the willingness to allow Congress to regulate in a variety of areas wane? a. The Warren Court b. The Rehnquist Court c. The Burger Court d. The Roberts Court Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Are National and State Powers Really Balanced?

Learning Objective: 3.4 Analyze the impact of federalism on the relationships among national, state, and local levels of government.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

41.

Which of the following is an implied power of the federal government? a. admitting new states b. coining money c. creating banks d. establishing federal courts Answer: c Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

42.

Which of the following is the best example of federalism? a. power is distributed between a central government and state governments b. sovereign states create a limited central government c. a loose association of states constitutionally created by a strong central government

37 ..

d. a loose association of states with mutually recognized compacts but no central government Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal System?

Learning Objective: 3.1 Trace the roots of the federal system and distinguish it from other types of government.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate 43.

Which is an example of a programmatic request? a. Congress passing a law creating a technology incubator to benefit a single congressional district b. the Environmental Protection Agency sending money to Louisiana to help with cleanup from the gulf oil spill c. the Nevada legislature passing a law requiring all public school teachers to spend 20 hours per week preparing students for the state achievement test d. the Supreme Court upholding a federal law requiring all citizens to wear a seatbelt while operating a motor vehicle.

Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Are National and State Powers Really Balanced?

Learning Objective: 3.4 Analyze the impact of federalism on the relationships among national, state, and local levels of government.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

44.

What was the dominant form of federalism prior to the New Deal? a. dual b. combined c. competitive d. cooperative Answer: a Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

45.

Proponents of the “New Federalism” argue that ______. a. the power of the military should be expanded b. the power of state governments should be expanded c. the power of the federal government is constitutionally limited d. the power of Congress should be expanded Answer: b

38 ..

Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 46.

An example of a categorical grant is when Congress provides funds to the states ______. a. to improve highway infrastructure b. for substance abuse prevention c. for transportation infrastructure d. to enhance science instruction in a low-income area Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: How Are National and State Powers Really Balanced?

Learning Objective: 3.4 Analyze the impact of federalism on the relationships among national, state, and local levels of government.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

47.

Which of the following did Dred Scott v. Sandford address? a. education b. health care c. slavery d. voting Answer: c Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

48.

To fashion their new government, the Framers of the U.S. Constitution drew upon ______. a. the systems of the individual state governments b. their struggles under the British crown c. the governing structures of the Iroquois Confederacy d. the structure of a constitutional monarchy Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal System?

Learning Objective: 3.1 Trace the roots of the federal system and distinguish it from other types of government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

49.

In a confederate system, what is the source of the national government’s authority? a. the states b. the people

39 ..

c. local governments d. a hereditary ruler Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal System?

Learning Objective: 3.1 Trace the roots of the federal system and distinguish it from other types of government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy 50.

As defined by Aristotle, a “polity” refers to which type of government? a. rule of the many to benefit themselves b. rule by a few individuals in their own interest c. rule by a small group for the perceived benefit of all citizens d. rule of the many for the benefit of all citizens Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal System?

Learning Objective: 3.1 Trace the roots of the federal system and distinguish it from other types of government.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

51.

The powers specifically granted to the national government include the power to ______. a. collect duties, imports, and excises b. legislate for the public health, safety, and morals of the citizenry c. enact legislation concerning the death penalty d. ratify amendments to the Constitution Answer: a Topic: How Are the Powers of Government Divided by the Constitution?

Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the constitutional foundations for federalism.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

52.

Who were the “carpet baggers” in the post–Civil War period? a. supporters of states’ rights over the power of the federal government b. former Confederates seeking to regain political and economic power c. Northerners seeking new opportunities in the vanquished South d. radical Republican politicians Answer: c Topic: How Has Federalism Evolved?

Learning Objective: 3.3 Trace the evolution of federalism, from ratification to the present.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

53.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about an increase in the power of ______.

40 ..

a. state and local governments b. the Supreme Court c. the federal government d. international organizations Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Are National and State Powers Really Balanced?

Learning Objective: 3.4 Analyze the impact of federalism on the relationships among national, state, and local levels of government.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 54.

Governors are likely to prefer block grants to other types of federal grants because block grants ______. a. simplify decision making for governors by providing clear-cut spending guidelines b. consolidate categorical grants into fewer, less-restrictive grants with only general spending guidelines c. can be used to coerce municipalities to adopt particular policy objectives d. limit spending for politically controversial policies in health care and education Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Are National and State Powers Really Balanced?

Learning Objective: 3.4 Analyze the impact of federalism on the relationships among national, state, and local levels of government.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

55.

What is the informal term for programmatic requests? a. standardized requests b. consolidated grants c. categorical grants d. earmarks Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: How Are National and State Powers Really Balanced?

Learning Objective: 3.4 Analyze the impact of federalism on the relationships among national, state, and local levels of government.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

41 ..

Chapter 4: Civil Liberties Multiple-Choice Questions 1.

The Bill of Rights is made up of the first __________ amendments to the U.S. Constitution. a. three b. five c. seven d. ten Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of Civil Liberties and the Bill of Rights?

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain the roots of civil liberties in the Constitution and their development in the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

2.

Which clause prevents the national government from sanctioning an official religion? a. establishment b. free exercise c. full faith and credit d. equal protection Answer: a Topic: What Are the First Amendment Guarantees of Freedom of Religion?

Learning Objective: 4.2 Distinguish between the establishment and the free exercise clauses of the First Amendment.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

3.

Which rule bars the use of illegally seized evidence at trial? a. double jeopardy b. right to pay c. prior restraint d. exclusionary Answer: d Topic: What Are the Rights of Criminal Defendants?

Learning Objective: 4.5 Outline the constitutional rights of defendants and the issues involved in protecting defendants’ liberties as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

42 ..

4.

Which U.S. Supreme Court case found that a woman’s right to have an abortion is protected by the implied constitutional right to privacy? a. Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey b. Lawrence v. Texas c. Miranda v. Arizona d. Roe v. Wade Answer: d Topic: What Is the Right to Privacy?

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain the origin and significance of the right to privacy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

5.

Selective incorporation makes the protections in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states through which of the following amendments? a. Fourth b. Fifth c. Tenth d. Fourteenth Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of Civil Liberties and the Bill of Rights?

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain the roots of civil liberties in the Constitution and their development in the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

6.

__________ make an act punishable as a crime even if the act was legal when it was committed.

These are prohibited by Article I of the Constitution. a. Writs of habeas corpus b. Bills of attainder c. Ex post facto laws d. Prior restraints Answer: c Topic: What Are the Rights of Criminal Defendants?

Learning Objective: 4.5 Outline the constitutional rights of defendants and the issues involved in protecting defendants’ liberties as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

7.

A defamatory, false written statement is __________; the same statement spoken aloud is __________. a. perjury; slander

43 ..

b. slander; libel c. illegal; legal d. libel; slander Answer: d Topic: What Are the First Amendment Guarantees of Freedoms of Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition?

Learning Objective: 4.3 Outline the First Amendment liberties and limitations on freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and petition.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 8.

Which amendment protects the right to bear arms? a. Second b. Third c. Fourth d. Fifth Answer: a Topic: What Does the Second Amendment Protect?

Learning Objective: 4.4 Describe the Second Amendment right to bear arms.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

9.

The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution protects against unreasonable __________. a. litigation b. limits on free speech c. searches d. prior restraint Answer: c Topic: What Are the Rights of Criminal Defendants?

Learning Objective: 4.5 Outline the constitutional rights of defendants and the issues involved in protecting defendants’ liberties as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

10.

What does the Sixth Amendment guarantee to those accused of a crime? a. assistance of counsel b. the right to parole c. reasonable bail d. a written indictment Answer: a Topic: What Are the Rights of Criminal Defendants?

44 ..

Learning Objective: 4.5 Outline the constitutional rights of defendants and the issues involved in protecting defendants’ liberties as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 11.

Today, the United States is the only western country to use which of the following to punish crime? a. victim impact statements b. juries c. recidivism d. the death penalty Answer: d Topic: What Are the Rights of Criminal Defendants?

Learning Objective: 4.5 Outline the constitutional rights of defendants and the issues involved in protecting defendants’ liberties as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

12.

What did Abington School District v. Schempp find to be unconstitutional? a. state-mandated Bible reading b. forced sterilization c. discrimination against homosexuals d. imprisonment without a trial Answer: a Topic: What Are the First Amendment Guarantees of Freedom of Religion?

Learning Objective: 4.2 Distinguish between the establishment and the free exercise clauses of the First Amendment.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

13.

The free exercise clause guarantees that the national government will not interfere with which of the following? a. education b. religion c. business d. speech Answer: b Topic: What Are the First Amendment Guarantees of Freedom of Religion?

Learning Objective: 4.2 Distinguish between the establishment and the free exercise clauses of the First Amendment.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

45 ..

14.

Which of the constitutional amendments was the first to be incorporated and applied to the states? a. Fourth b. Fifth c. First d. Second Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of Civil Liberties and the Bill of Rights?

Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain the roots of civil liberties in the Constitution and their development in the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

15.

Which of the following generally is unconstitutional in school? a. hate speech b. learning about religion c. free speech d. mandatory prayer Answer: d Topic: What Are the First Amendment Guarantees of Freedom of Religion?

Learning Objective: 4.2 Distinguish between the establishment and the free exercise clauses of the First Amendment.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

16.

According to Justice Blackmun, a woman has an absolute right to __________. a. an abortion during her first trimester b. home and hearth c. work without fear of discrimination d. an abortion at any time during her pregnancy Answer: a Topic: What Is the Right to Privacy?

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain the origin and significance of the right to privacy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

17.

In 2008, the Supreme Court ruled that detainees have a right to which of the following? a. the assistance of counsel b. equal protection c. habeas corpus

46 ..

d. a bill of attainder Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: How Are Civil Liberties Balanced in Times of National Emergencies?

Learning Objective: 4.7 Evaluate how reforms to combat terrorism have affected civil liberties.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 18.

The doctrine of prior restraint says that the government cannot prohibit speech or publication __________. a. that is critical of the government b. that is illegal c. after the fact d. before the fact Answer: d Topic: What Are the First Amendment Guarantees of Freedoms of Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition?

Learning Objective: 4.3 Outline the First Amendment liberties and limitations on freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and petition.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

19.

In Near v. Minnesota, the Supreme Court further developed which of the following? a. exclusionary rule b. due process clause c. incorporation doctrine d. free exercise clause Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of Civil Liberties and the Bill of Rights?

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain the roots of civil liberties in the Constitution and their development in the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

20.

The _____ test examines the _____ of religious establishment issues. a. Engel; commonality b. Lemon; constitutionality c. free exercise; flexibility d. prior restraint; precedence Answer: b Topic: What Are the First Amendment Guarantees of Freedom of Religion?

47 ..

Learning Objective: 4.2 Distinguish between the establishment and the free exercise clauses of the First Amendment.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 21.

Miranda rights require that the police inform suspects of which of the following rights? a. the right to a phone call b. the right to due process c. the right to a jury trial d. the right to remain silent Answer: d Topic: What Are the Rights of Criminal Defendants?

Learning Objective: 4.5 Outline the constitutional rights of defendants and the issues involved in protecting defendants’ liberties as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

22.

The USA PATRIOT Act enhances the government’s ability to do which of the following? a. examine private records b. take personal property c. imprison citizens without trial d. indict foreign enemies Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Are Civil Liberties Balanced in Times of National Emergencies?

Learning Objective: 4.7 Evaluate how reforms to combat terrorism have affected civil liberties.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

23.

Which Supreme Court case is most closely associated with the exclusionary rule? a. Parker v. Gideon b. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan c. Mapp v. Ohio d. Wolf v. Colorado Answer: c Topic: What Are the Rights of Criminal Defendants?

Learning Objective: 4.5 Outline the constitutional rights of defendants and the issues involved in protecting defendants’ liberties as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

24.

The Supreme Court has ruled that states can limit abortions if the regulations do not pose which of the following?

48 ..

a. a bar to equal protection b substantial inconvenience c. a prior restraint d. an undue burden Answer: d Topic: What Is the Right to Privacy?

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain the origin and significance of the right to privacy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 25.

The Supreme Court briefly outlawed which of the following in the 1970s by asserting that it was being imposed in an arbitrary manner? a. capital punishment b. the exclusionary rule c. access to court-appointed counsel d. symbolic speech protection Answer: a Topic: What Are the Rights of Criminal Defendants?

Learning Objective: 4.5 Outline the constitutional rights of defendants and the issues involved in protecting defendants’ liberties as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

26.

What kind of speech is by its very utterance intended to inflict injury or incite an immediate breach of peace? a. hate speech b. symbolic speech c. obscenity d. fighting words Answer: d Topic: What Are the First Amendment Guarantees of Freedoms of Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition?

Learning Objective: 4.3 Outline the First Amendment liberties and limitations on freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and petition.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

27.

What type of due process protects citizens from arbitrary or unjust state or federal laws? a. procedural b. constitutional c. substantive

49 ..

d. prospective Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of Civil Liberties and the Bill of Rights?

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain the roots of civil liberties in the Constitution and their development in the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 28.

The Supreme Court has used selective incorporation to __________ the authority of states. a. protect b. limit c. expand d. define Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of Civil Liberties and the Bill of Rights?

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain the roots of civil liberties in the Constitution and their development in the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

29.

The Sixth Amendment sets out basic requirements for which type of due process? a. civil b. substantive c. criminal d. procedural Answer: d Topic: What Are the Rights of Criminal Defendants?

Learning Objective: 4.5 Outline the constitutional rights of defendants and the issues involved in protecting defendants’ liberties as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

30.

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan held that there must be proof of which of the following in order to find libel against a public figure? a. property loss b. actual malice c. an audience d. a written record Answer: b Topic: What Are the First Amendment Guarantees of Freedoms of Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition?

50 ..

Learning Objective: 4.3 Outline the First Amendment liberties and limitations on freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and petition.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 31.

In which case did the Supreme Court first recognize the exclusionary rule, which bars the use of illegally seized evidence at trial? a. Weeks v. U.S. b. Gideon v. Wainwright c. Furman v. Georgia d. Griswold v. Connecticut Answer: a Topic: What Are the Rights of Criminal Defendants?

Learning Objective: 4.5 Outline the constitutional rights of defendants and the issues involved in protecting defendants’ liberties as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

32.

To argue the constitutionality of imposing taxes on automatic weapons, which case would the Supreme Court cite as having upheld the National Firearms Act? a. U.S. v. Miller b. Gideon v. Wainwright c. Miranda v. Arizona d. Mapp v. Ohio Answer: a Topic: What Does the Second Amendment Protect?

Learning Objective: 4.4: Describe the Second Amendment right to bear arms.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

33.

To curtail specific search and seizure restrictions when it comes to spying, the government could evoke which exception of the USA PATRIOT Act? a. the ability to collect documents sent via the mail b. the ability to collect blood and saliva samples c. the ability to collect the addressing information of citizens’ communications d. the ability to collect audio recordings of all private residences that receive public utilities Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: How Are Civil Liberties Balanced in Times of National Emergencies?

Learning Objective: 4.7 Evaluate how reforms to combat terrorism have affected civil liberties.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

51 ..

34.

An arresting police officer tells a citizen that he or she has the right to _____ in order to protect himself or herself against _____. a. habeas corpus; unlawful arrest b. refusal; search and seizure c. remain silent; self-incrimination d. a lawyer; a biased jury Answer: c Topic: What Are the Rights of Criminal Defendants?

Learning Objective: 4.5 Outline the constitutional rights of defendants and the issues involved in protecting defendants’ liberties as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

35.

A police officer has a reasonable belief that someone “may be armed and dangerous” and is committing or about to commit a crime. That officer can do which of the following? a. Stop the suspect only if that person gives consent. b. Stop the suspect only if the officer plans to arrest that person. c. Stop the suspect without getting a warrant. d. Stop the suspect only if there are three witnesses.

Answer: c Topic: What Are the Rights of Criminal Defendants?

Learning Objective: 4.5 Outline the constitutional rights of defendants and the issues involved in protecting defendants’ liberties as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

36.

Which of the following is a basic requirement of procedural due process? a. the right to bear arms b. the right to a speedy trial c. the right to free speech d. the right to practice religion Answer: b Topic: What Are the Rights of Criminal Defendants?

Learning Objective: 4.5 Outline the constitutional rights of defendants and the issues involved in protecting defendants’ liberties as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

37.

In Barron v. Baltimore, the Supreme Court held that the Bill of Rights limits __________, not __________, activity. a. federal; state

52 ..

b. state; federal c. commercial; noncommercial d. noncommercial; commercial Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of Civil Liberties and the Bill of Rights?

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain the roots of civil liberties in the Constitution and their development in the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 38.

Inciting a fight by using threats and profanity could be considered __________, which is not a protected type of speech. a. hate speech b. fighting words c. obscenity d. libel Answer: b Topic: What Are the First Amendment Guarantees of Freedoms of Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition?

Learning Objective: 4.3 Outline the First Amendment liberties and limitations on freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and petition.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

39.

Convicted criminals cannot have their sentences increased when a new law calls for tougher penalties due to a prohibition against __________. a. habeas corpus b. ex post facto laws c. bills of attainder d. writs of certiorari Answer: b Topic: What Are the Rights of Criminal Defendants?

Learning Objective: 4.5 Outline the constitutional rights of defendants and the issues involved in protecting defendants’ liberties as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

40.

Which of the following is responsible for determining whether enough evidence exists to go to trial? a. trial court b. the police c. prosecutor

53 ..

d. grand jury Answer: d Topic: What Are the Rights of Criminal Defendants?

Learning Objective: 4.5 Outline the constitutional rights of defendants and the issues involved in protecting defendants’ liberties as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 41.

Substantive due process means that states have a legal burden to prove that their laws __________. a. are a valid exercise of power b. improve the general well-being c. do not inhibit or advance a particular religion d. are consistent with behavioral norms Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of Civil Liberties and the Bill of Rights?

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain the roots of civil liberties in the Constitution and their development in the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

42.

Before the case of Gitlow v. New York, it was generally thought that, despite the Fourteenth Amendment, the limitations of the Bill of Rights did not apply to the states. Afterward, the Supreme Court held that __________, making it the first decision to clearly articulate the incorporation doctrine. a. hate speech is not a constitutionally protected form of speech b. symbolic speech is not afforded the same protection as verbal speech c. states must comply with the Constitution’s free speech guarantee d. obscenity is determined by applying traditional, national standards Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of Civil Liberties and the Bill of Rights?

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain the roots of civil liberties in the Constitution and their development in the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

43.

The fact that freedom of assembly is deemed a fundamental freedom essential to order, liberty, and justice best explains the rationale for which of the following? a. strict scrutiny of freedom of assembly b. state abridgment of freedom of assembly c. selective incorporation of freedom of assembly d delegation of freedom of assembly

54 ..

Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of Civil Liberties and the Bill of Rights?

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain the roots of civil liberties in the Constitution and their development in the Bill of Rights.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 44.

Which of the following rights has the Supreme Court found to be one of the penumbras of unstated liberties linked to explicitly stated rights? a. right to immigrate b. right to travel c. right to vote d. right to privacy Answer: d Topic: What Is the Right to Privacy?

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain the origin and significance of the right to privacy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

45.

The Alien and Sedition Acts allowed the Federalist government to ban any criticism made against it, likely violating the Constitution’s prohibitions against __________. a. undemocratic speech b. prior restraint c. seditious speech d. hate speech Answer: b Topic: What Are the First Amendment Guarantees of Freedoms of Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition?

Learning Objective: 4.3 Outline the First Amendment liberties and limitations on freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and petition.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

46.

During World War I, the Supreme Court upheld the Espionage Act by ruling that Congress has a right to restrict speech that __________. a. is critical of the government b. creates a clear and present danger c. qualifies as hate speech d. is symbolic Answer: b

55 ..

Topic: What Are the First Amendment Guarantees of Freedoms of Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition?

Learning Objective: 4.3 Outline the First Amendment liberties and limitations on freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and petition.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 47.

In 2008, the Roberts Court ruled that detainees held under the Military Commissions Act of 2006, could, in fact, challenge their extended incarceration in federal court. This meant that the ruling declared the Military Commissions Act _____. a. constitutional because it upheld detainees’ rights to habeas corpus b. unconstitutional because it violated detainees’ rights to habeas corpus c. constitutional because it upheld bills of attainder d. unconstitutional because it prohibited bills of attainder Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Are Civil Liberties Balanced in Times of National Emergencies?

Learning Objective: 4.7 Evaluate how reforms to combat terrorism have affected civil liberties.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

48.

In Lawrence v. Texas (2003), the Supreme Court invalidated the laws in fourteen states that criminalized private sexual behavior, ruling them a violation of _____ rights. a. b. c. d.

fundamental privacy due process Eighth Amendment Sixth Amendment

Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Are Civil Liberties Balanced in Times of National Emergencies?

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain the origin and significance of the right to privacy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 49.

In Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972), the Court ruled against which of the following? a. a law denying claims for unemployment benefits by Native Americans who were fired after testing positive for peyote b. a law curtailing Islamic prisoners’ access to religious services c. a law requiring school attendance until age sixteen d. a church-run school’s right to discharge a teacher on the basis of disability Answer: c Topic: What Are the First Amendment Guarantees of Freedom of Religion?

Learning Objective: 4.2 Distinguish between the establishment and the free exercise clauses of the First Amendment.

56 ..

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 50.

The Court’s ruling in Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) established the ______ test as a criterion for government regulation of speech a. symbolic speech b. direct incitement c. clear and present danger d. hate speech Answer: b Topic: What Are the First Amendment Guarantees of Freedom of Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition?

Learning Objective: 4.3 Outline the First Amendment liberties and limitations on the freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and petition.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

51.

What was the goal of the Framers when they added the Second Amendment to the Constitution? a. ensuring that Congress could not pass laws to disarm state militias b. banning possession of firearms by formerly enslaved people c. enabling the federal government to crack down on state rebellions d. regulating the possession of firearms in response to an explosion of crime Answer: a Topic: What Does the Second Amendment Protect?

Learning Objective: 4.4 Describe the Second Amendment right to bear arms.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

52.

In Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), the Court ruled a Connecticut statute unconstitutional because it violated which right? a. the right of minors to purchase contraceptives b. a company’s right to limit unmarried employees’ access to contraception c. a woman’s right to abortion in the first trimester d. a married couple’s right to plan a family Answer: d Topic: What Is the Right to Privacy?

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain the origins and significance of the right to privacy.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

57 ..

53.

In 2020, the Supreme Court upheld the legality of an executive order issued by President Trump that ______. a. exempted religious associations from the Affordable Care Act’s mandate to provide free contraceptives in their health plans b. required clinics providing reproductive health services to meet the same standards as ambulatory surgical centers c. limited employment protections for lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender persons d. prohibited the establishment of mask-wearing ordinances and social distancing regulations Answer: a Topic: What Is the Right to Privacy?

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain the origins and significance of the right to privacy.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

54.

A lawsuit filed by the Freedom Foundation in Washington State argued that which of the following ordinances violated their free speech rights? a. a prohibition on in-person religious services during the coronavirus pandemic b. a restriction on face coverings by individuals participating in protest demonstrations c. a requirement that all individuals wear face masks in any indoor or outdoor public setting d. a prohibition on two or more masked persons gathering in a public place Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: Dealing with COVID-19 and Racial Unrest and Beyond Learning Objective: 4.7 Evaluate how civil liberties have been affected by the simultaneous arrival of COVID-19 and racial unrest in the United States in 2020.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

55.

Local and state laws and regulations designed to stop the spread of COVID-19 have raised constitutional issues of ______. a. detention of nonviolent protestors b. unreasonable seizure of private property c. limitation of free speech d. restraint of trade Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: Dealing with COVID-19 and Racial Unrest and Beyond Learning Objective: 4.7 Evaluate how civil liberties have been affected by the simultaneous arrival of COVID-19 and racial unrest in the United States in 2020.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

58 ..

Chapter 5: Civil Rights Multiple-Choice Questions

1.

The Thirteenth Amendment bans slavery. When was it passed? a. when the South seceded from the Union b. during the Civil War c. immediately after the Civil War d. during the civil rights movement Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

2.

The Fourteenth Amendment attempted to guarantee which of the following to formerly enslaved people? a. forty acres of farmland and a mule b. free university education c. economic equality with White people d. citizenship and citizenship rights Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

3.

The provision of the Fourteenth Amendment that guarantees that no citizen shall be denied rights or privileges given to any other citizen by constitution or law is known as the __________ clause. a. due process b. privileges and immunities c. grandfather d. equal protection Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

59 ..

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 4.

The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees citizens the right to vote regardless of __________. a. race b. sex c. age d. involvement in insurrection Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

5.

What was the objective of the women’s suffrage movement? a. broad gender equality b. the right to own property c. equal pay for equal work d. the right to vote Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

6.

The Lilly Ledbetter Act is designed to __________. a. protect women’s access to university athletics b. prevent racial housing discrimination c. protect same-sex marriage rights d. prevent gender-based pay discrimination Answer: d Topic: What Statutory Protections for Civil Rights Were and Continue to Be Enacted, 1955– Present?

Learning Objective: 5.3 Analyze the legal protections for African Americans’ and women’s civil rights enacted since 1955.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

60 ..

7.

Which of these does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban? a. poll taxes and grandfather clauses b. discrimination in public accommodations engaged in interstate commerce c. integration in public transportation d. nonviolent direct action Answer: b Topic: What Statutory Protections for Civil Rights Were and Continue to Be Enacted, 1955– Present?

Learning Objective: 5.3 Analyze the legal protections for African Americans’ and women’s civil rights enacted since 1955.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

8.

What was the primary focus at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention for activists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott? a. the prohibition of alcohol b. women’s rights c. rights for formerly enslaved people d. ending the Civil War Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

9.

What did Jim Crow laws mandate? a. voting rights b. racial segregation c. poll taxes d. grandfather clauses Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

10.

The _____, which was the central tenet of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision, was used by southern states at the end of the nineteenth century to pass widespread discriminatory legislation. a. grandfather clause

61 ..

b. Progressive Era reforms c. poll tax d. separate-but-equal doctrine Answer: d Topic: What Was the Push for Equality, 1890–1954?

Learning Objective: 5.2 Outline developments in African Americans’ and women’s push for equality from 1890 to 1954.

Skill Level: Understand the Concept Difficulty Level: Moderate 11.

Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________. a. Korematsu v. U.S. b. the 1965 Voting Rights Act c. the Nineteenth Amendment d. the 1964 Civil Rights Act Answer: c Topic: What Was the Push for Equality, 1890–1954?

Learning Objective: 5.2 Outline developments in African Americans’ and women’s push for equality from 1890 to 1954.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

12.

What were Black Codes? a. housing segregation laws b. laws that denied rights to African Americans c. laws requiring a poll tax or literacy test to vote d. unwritten norms of discrimination in the South Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

13.

Rosa Parks was arrested for challenging which of the following? a. integration b. grandfather clauses c. Jim Crow laws d. slavery Answer: c

62 ..

Topic: What Statutory Protections for Civil Rights Were and Continue to Be Enacted, 1955– Present?

Learning Objective: 5.3 Analyze the legal protections for African Americans’ and women’s civil rights enacted since 1955.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 14.

Which of the following books helped inspire abolitionists? a. Grapes of Wrath b. Uncle Tom’s Cabin c. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee d. Enough Is Enough Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

15.

What did the Supreme Court determine was unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education? a. school integration b. poll taxes c. school segregation d. unequal school funding Answer: c Topic: What Was the Push for Equality, 1890–1954?

Learning Objective: 5.2 Outline developments in African Americans’ and women’s push for equality from 1890 to 1954.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

16.

The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. insisted that civil disobedience aimed at ending discrimination in the South should be conducted __________. a. by any means necessary b. nonviolently c. covertly d. on election day Answer: b Topic: What Statutory Protections for Civil Rights Were and Continue to be Enacted, 1955– Present?

Learning Objective: 5.3 Analyze the legal protections for African Americans’ and women’s civil rights enacted since 1955.

63 ..

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 17.

What provision of the Fourteenth Amendment served as a cornerstone of the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education? a. the all men are created equal clause b. the equal protection clause c. the privileges and immunities clause d. the grandfather clause Answer: b Topic: What Was the Push for Equality, 1890–1954?

Learning Objective: 5.2 Outline developments in African Americans’ and women’s push for equality from 1890 to 1954.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

18.

Which of the following statements about the protection of African Americans’ civil rights in the decades following Reconstruction is most accurate? a. Their civil rights increased in the immediate aftermath of Reconstruction and have continued to increase steadily ever since. b. The civil rights of southern African Americans were considerably greater than those of their northern counterparts. c. It was two decades after Reconstruction before African Americans had civil rights that were comparable to those of White Americans. d. Protections of the civil rights of African Americans in the decades following Reconstruction were largely unsuccessful.

Answer: d Topic: What Was the Push for Equality, 1890–1954?

Learning Objective: 5.2 Outline developments in African Americans’ and women’s push for equality from 1890 to 1954.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

19.

What did the Supreme Court decide in Korematsu v. U.S. (1944) regarding the internment of American citizens of Japanese ancestry living in the United States? a. It was permissible because the United States was at war with Japan. b. It was unconstitutional, and Japanese Americans must be duly compensated. c. It did not pass the strict scrutiny test, and the internment was promptly terminated. d. It was unconstitutional, but it was too late to do anything about it.

Answer: a Topic: What Other Groups Have Mobilized for Rights?

64 ..

Learning Objective: 5.4 Summarize the struggles of other group-differentiated minorities for civil rights.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 20.

What strategy did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) use most effectively to challenge segregated law school admissions? a. boycotts b. protests c. litigation d. nonviolent direct action Answer: c Topic: What Was the Push for Equality, 1890–1954?

Learning Objective: 5.2 Outline developments in African Americans’ and women’s push for equality from 1890 to 1954.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

21.

What was the basis for the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), which upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities? a. Formerly enslaved people were not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly. b. Formerly enslaved people were not entitled to full citizenship rights because they were considered property under the law. c. The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law. d. Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation.

Answer: c Topic: What Was the Push for Equality, 1890–1954?

Learning Objective: 5.2 Outline developments in African Americans’ and women’s push for equality from 1890 to 1954.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

22.

The Supreme Court’s decision in Lawrence v. Texas (2003) primarily enhanced the civil rights of __________. a. African Americans b. Native Americans c. gays and lesbians d. Americans with disabilities Answer: c

65 ..

Topic: What Other Groups Have Mobilized for Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.4 Summarize the struggles of other group-differentiated minorities for civil rights.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 23.

Black Codes were passed by many of the former Confederate states in order to __________. a. segregate Black and White people b. deny formerly enslaved people legal rights, such as voting and sitting on juries c. keep formerly enslaved people from being hired for work, so they would have to remain enslaved d. deny formerly enslaved people the right to attend church Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

24.

What was the Supreme Court’s rationale in the Civil Rights Cases (1883) for why Congress could not prohibit discrimination in public accommodations? a. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they involve interstate commerce. b. Congress can only regulate government discrimination, not discrimination by private individuals. c. Congress cannot prohibit discrimination because doing so violates the First Amendment right to freedom of speech. d. Congress cannot prohibit discrimination because there is insufficient evidence that discrimination exists.

Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

25.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy? a. It prohibited all soldiers from discussing their sexual activities. b. It prevented gays and lesbians from serving in the military. c. It required gay and lesbian soldiers to keep quiet about their sexual orientation. d. It prevented the military from discharging gay and lesbian soldiers.

Answer: c Topic: What Other Groups Have Mobilized for Rights?

66 ..

Learning Objective: 5.4 Summarize the struggles of other group-differentiated minorities for civil rights.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 26.

In the 1970s, which of the following critiques was given by opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment? a. It would affirm Roe v. Wade, make women eligible for the draft, and put women at financial risk. b. The Declaration of Independence says men are created equal; it does not say anything about women. c. Equality of results is more important than equality of actions. d. It would revoke Muller v. Oregon, make women vulnerable to exploitation, and leave children without care.

Answer: a Topic: What Statutory Protections for Civil Rights Were and Continue to Be Enacted, 1955– Present?

Learning Objective: 5.3 Analyze the legal protections for African Americans’ and women’s civil rights enacted since 1955.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

27.

One primary demand among the organizers of the 1909 Niagara Movement was _____. a. political, social, and economic equality for African Americans b. reparations for injustices suffered by formerly enslaved people c. desegregation of all public schools across the country d. political, social, and economic equality for immigrants Answer: a Topic: What Was the Push for Equality, 1890-1954?

Learning Objective: 5.2 Outline developments for African Americans’ and women’s push for equality from 1890 to 1954.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

28.

Under the Supreme Court’s review standards, a law that classifies people according to __________ will be given strict scrutiny by the Supreme Court to determine its constitutionality. a. race b. age c. disability d. gender Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Are Civil Rights Protected?

67 ..

Learning Objective: 5.5 Evaluate the standards by which civil rights are protected today.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 29.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was designed to overturn which of the following? a. integration b. Jim Crow laws c. nonviolent direct action d. Reconstruction Answer: b Topic: What Statutory Protections for Civil Rights Were and Continue to Be Enacted, 1955– Present?

Learning Objective: 5.3 Analyze the legal protections for African Americans’ and women’s civil rights enacted since 1955.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

30.

Which of the following dissuaded some states from ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment? a. Roe v. Wade b. the National Organization for Women c. The Feminine Mystique d. the strict scrutiny standard Answer: a Topic: What Statutory Protections for Civil Rights Were and Continue to Be Enacted, 1955– Present?

Learning Objective: 5.3 Analyze the legal protections for African Americans’ and women’s civil rights enacted since 1955.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

31.

What was the main purpose for the 1963 March on Washington? a. to urge Congress to adopt an antidiscrimination legislative agenda b. to urge the Supreme Court to overturn the separate-but-equal doctrine c. to urge John F. Kennedy to repudiate the actions of the freedom riders d. to urge Congress to eliminate de facto segregation Answer: a Topic: What Statutory Protections for Civil Rights Were and Continue to Be Enacted, 1955– Present?

Learning Objective: 5.3 Analyze the legal protections for African Americans’ and women’s civil rights enacted since 1955.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

68 ..

32.

If a group of people were systematically discriminated against in the past, which of the following would constitute an affirmative action policy designed as a remedy to help the members of this group overcome this legacy of discrimination? a. a hiring policy that favors those with relatives working in government b. a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group that experienced discrimination c. a color-blind job application process to give members of this group an equal chance d. requiring that all job applicants have at least two years of prior experience Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Are Civil Rights Protected?

Learning Objective: 5.5 Evaluate the standards by which civil rights are protected today.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

33.

Which of the following accommodations would an employer most likely need to implement to be in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act? a. hiring a person with a disability instead of an equally qualified person without a disability b. providing better medical insurance for employees who have a disability c. lowering expectations for the quality of work performed by employees with disabilities d. installing a ramp and other physical accommodations for someone who uses a wheelchair Answer: d Topic: What Other Groups Have Mobilized for Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.4 Summarize the struggles of other group-differentiated minorities for civil rights.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

34.

According to the Supreme Court’s decisions in the Civil Rights Cases (1883), in which of the following areas could Congress prohibit discrimination against African Americans? a. theaters b. hotels c. post offices d. private homes Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

69 ..

35.

For which of the following would the Supreme Court most likely apply an intermediate standard of review to determine whether the policy is an unconstitutional violation of the equal protection clause? a. having a different minimum age for men to marry than for women to marry b. prohibiting those over 70 years old from working in law enforcement c. prohibiting gays and lesbians from serving in the military d. requiring government contractors to have a racially diverse workforce Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Are Civil Rights Protected?

Learning Objective: 5.5 Evaluate the standards by which civil rights are protected today.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

36.

Of the following people, who could serve in the military under the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy? a. all gays and lesbians b. closeted gays and lesbians c. only those who were celibate d. only those who were straight Answer: b Topic: What Other Groups Have Mobilized for Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.4 Summarize the struggles of other group-differentiated minorities for civil rights.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

37.

Which of the following strategies for expanding civil rights would the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. have been most likely to support? a. sabotaging the electricity supply to the homes of segregationist leaders b. intimidating elderly White people to discourage them from supporting Jim Crow laws c. boycotting stores that enforced segregationist policies d. boycotting elections to underscore the problem of African American disenfranchisement Answer: c Topic: What Statutory Protections for Civil Rights Were and Continue to be Enacted, 1955– Present?

Learning Objective: 5.3 Analyze the legal protections for African Americans’ and women’s civil rights enacted since 1955.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

38.

Which of the following laws would be the most likely to draw strict scrutiny from the Supreme Court when determining its constitutionality?

70 ..

a. Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level. b. Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in hiring and promotion decisions. c. Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level civil service jobs. d. Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.

Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: How Are Civil Rights Protected?

Learning Objective: 5.5 Evaluate the standards by which civil rights are protected today.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 39.

Which of the following situations would most likely be a violation of Title IX? a. an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community b. a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women’s reproductive health c. a college that provides significantly more sports scholarships for men than for women d. an employer who systematically pays women less than men for doing comparable work Answer: c Topic: What Statutory Protections for Civil Rights Were and Continue to be Enacted, 1955– Present?

Learning Objective: 5.3 Analyze the legal protections for African Americans’ and women’s civil rights enacted since 1955.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

40.

If you thought you were getting an inferior public education because of your ethnicity, which part of the Constitution would you rely on most heavily to justify your case? a. the Fifteenth Amendment b. the Thirteenth Amendment c. the Fourteenth Amendment d. the Nineteenth Amendment Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

41.

Which of the following best describes the issues at stake in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

71 ..

a. the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise and whether enslaved people were U.S. citizens b. whether Missouri could remain part of the Union and whether women could bring suits in federal court c. the constitutionality of the Emancipation Proclamation and whether enslaved people were U.S. citizens d. whether women were U.S. citizens who should be allowed to vote and whether slavery in Missouri was legal Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 42.

How has the Equal Rights Amendment affected women’s civil rights? a. It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the workplace. b. It has ensured that the courts evaluate gender discrimination using the strict scrutiny test. c. It has eliminated gender discrimination in the military. d. It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.

Answer: d Topic: What Statutory Protections for Civil Rights Were and Continue to Be Enacted, 1955– Present?

Learning Objective: 5.3 Analyze the legal protections for African Americans’ and women’s civil rights enacted since 1955.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

43.

What is the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the Supreme Court decisions in a series of cases involving the University of Michigan? a. Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems. b. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance. c. Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole. d. All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.

Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Are Civil Rights Protected?

Learning Objective: 5.5 Evaluate the standards by which civil rights are protected today and analyze the reforms still necessary.

Skill Level: Analyze It

72 ..

Difficulty Level: Difficult 44.

Why did southern states enact poll taxes? a. to raise revenue for the government b. to ensure that only people who really want to vote would do so c. to get around the Fifteenth Amendment and disenfranchise African Americans d. to enfranchise formerly enslaved people Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

45.

How are the Fourteenth Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 similar? a. They both were enacted quickly and easily. b. They both passed the strict scrutiny test administered by the Supreme Court. c. They both sought equal rights for African Americans. d. They both sought equal rights for women.

Answer: c Topic: What Statutory Protections for Civil Rights Were and Continue to Be Enacted, 1955– Present?

Learning Objective: 5.3 Analyze the legal protections for African Americans’ and women’s civil rights enacted since 1955.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

46.

How do the rational basis and the intermediate standard of review differ? a. The rational basis standard requires an important governmental objective for classification; the intermediate standard requires the classification to be necessary. b. The rational basis standard applies only to racial classifications; the intermediate standard applies to gender and sexual orientation classifications. c. Those who dislike a law will have an easier time getting it overturned if the Supreme Court applies the intermediate standard instead of the rational basis test. d. It is easier for the government to demonstrate that there is a rational basis for a law than to meet the requirements of the intermediate standard.

Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: How Are Civil Rights Protected?

Learning Objective: 5.5 Evaluate the standards by which civil rights are protected today.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

73 ..

47.

What was the Supreme Court’s justification for overturning the separate-but-equal doctrine? a. The Supreme Court did not have all of the facts when it adopted the separate-but-equal doctrine. b. The separate-but-equal doctrine was never intended to apply to people. c. The quality of life for African Americans in the South had deteriorated considerably since the adoption of the separate-but-equal doctrine. d. Segregated schools stigmatize minority children.

Answer: d Topic: What Was the Push for Equality, 1890–1954?

Learning Objective: 5.2 Outline developments in African Americans’ and women’s push for equality from 1890 to 1954.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

48.

Which of the following arguments would most likely be made by an opponent of affirmative action policies? a. Unaddressed past discrimination causes perpetual inequality. b. Discrimination is a natural part of the human experience. c. Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race. d. Diversity helps Americans better understand each other.

Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: How Are Civil Rights Protected?

Learning Objective: 5.5 Evaluate the standards by which civil rights are protected today.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

49.

Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unsuccessful? a. Congress did not have the authority to enact legislation in the South during the Civil War. b. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was concerned only with discrimination in government employment. c. The Supreme Court said that private citizens could choose not to provide public accommodations on account of race. d. The Supreme Court said that government institutions could choose not to provide public accommodations on account of race.

Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

74 ..

50.

Enforcement efforts of Title IX were advanced under the Obama administration, which required colleges and universities to report allegations of ______ to the Department of Education. a. sexual assault b. discrimination against immigrants c. admissions corruption d. ADA violations Answer: a Topic: What Statutory Protections for Civil Rights Were and Continue to be Enacted, 1955Present?

Learning Objective: 5.3 Analyze the legal protections for African Americans’ and women’s civil rights enacted since 1955.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

51.

With passage of the Dawes Act in 1887, the U.S. government adopted a policy of ______ toward American Indians. a. separation b. assimilation c. land reclamation d. local governance Answer: b Topic: What Other Groups Have Mobilized for Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.4 Summarize the struggles of other group-differentiated minorities for civil rights.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

52.

In response to President Trump’s executive order barring new applications under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, the Supreme Court ______. a. upheld Trump’s order rescinding the DACA memorandum b. upheld the ban on new DACA applications but ruled that current DACA recipients could remain in the United States for up to five years c. ruled against Trump’s order, concluding that this abrupt reversal of policy violated the requirements of the Administrative Procedures Act d. ruled against Trump’s order and expanded DACA eligibility Answer: c Topic: What Other Groups Have Mobilized for Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.4 Summarize the struggles of other group-differentiated minorities for civil rights.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

75 ..

53.

In evaluating the constitutionality of a statute or governmental practice, the use of race as a criterion is considered a(n) ______. a. suspect classification b. fundamental human right c. unreasonable category d. ambiguous standard Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Are Civil Rights Protected?

Learning Objective: 5.5 Evaluate the standards by which civil rights are protected today.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

54.

In the Civil Rights Cases (1883), the Supreme Court ruled that Congress could ______. a. use grandfather clauses to deny the descendants of enslaved people the right to vote b. impose poll taxes that had the effect of limiting the right to vote c. outlaw racial discrimination by private companies but not by individuals d. prohibit discriminatory state or governmental action but not private acts of discrimination Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of American Civil Rights?

Learning Objective: 5.1 Trace the roots of movements to guarantee rights to African Americans and women.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

55.

Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus attempted to block school integration by ______. a. ordering that Little Rock’s public schools be redistricted so that African American students would, in effect, attend segregated schools b. ordering the National Guard to prevent African American students from entering Little Rock’s Central High School c. removing enforcement of Brown v. Board of Education II (1955) from elected state court judges d. conspiring with federal district court judges to delay implementation of Brown II Answer: b Topic: What Statutory Protections for Civil Rights Were and Continue to Be Enacted, 1955– Present?

Learning Objective: 5.3 Analyze the legal protections enacted for African Americans’ and women’s civil rights since 1955.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

76 ..

Chapter 6: Congress Multiple-Choice Questions

1.

Each state has __________ senators, each of whom serves a __________-year term. a. two; two b. two; four c. two; six d. four; two Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots and Structure of the U.S. Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.1 Describe the roots and the structure of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

2.

Which term is used to indicate that a state is awarded congressional seats based on its proportion of the population? a. Apportionment b. Appropriations c. Gerrymandering d. Redistricting Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots and Structure of the U.S. Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.1 Describe the roots and the structure of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

3.

The Constitutional Convention created which form of legislature? a. bicameral b. direct c. unicameral d. unified Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots and Structure of the U.S. Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.1 Describe the roots and the structure of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

4.

In the House of Representatives, who is second in authority to the Speaker of the House?

77 ..

a. majority leader b. majority whip c. minority leader d. president pro tempore (or pro tem) Answer: a Topic: How Is Congress Organized?

Learning Objective: 6.4 Assess the role of leaders, political parties, and committees in Congress.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 5.

__________ committee is created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate. a. A conference b. An appropriations c. A ways and means d. A standing Answer: a Topic: How Is Congress Organized?

Learning Objective: 6.4 Assess the role of leaders, political parties, and committees in Congress.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

6.

Pork may aid the district of a member of Congress by __________. a. diverting unallocated funds to the service sector b. increasing jobs and revenue with federally funded projects c. increasing revenue through private market investment d. taxing corporations less so they provide health insurance for employees Answer: b Topic: What Are the Powers of Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the powers of Congress.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

7.

An elected official who votes the way his or her constituents would want is a __________. a. conscientious objector b. delegate c. trustee d. politico Answer: b Topic: How Do Members of Congress Represent the American People?

78 ..

Learning Objective: 6.2 Analyze the workday of members of Congress.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 8.

Whips serve what main function? a. to act as official spokespersons for their chambers b. to help the Speaker schedule proposed legislation for debate c. to meet with members of the executive cabinet d. to persuade party members to support the party Answer: d Topic: How Is Congress Organized?

Learning Objective: 6.4 Assess the role of leaders, political parties, and committees in Congress.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

9.

The formal method for ending a filibuster is __________; it requires the approval of __________ senators. a. abrogation; fifty-one b. censure; fifty-five c. cloture; sixty d. discharge; sixty-seven Answer: c Topic: What Are the Powers of Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the powers of Congress.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

10.

How might a bill become law if it has been pocket vetoed? a. Congress may override the pocket veto with a three-fourths vote in each chamber. b. Congress may override the pocket veto with a two-thirds vote in each chamber. c. The bill can be reintroduced during the next session of Congress. d. The bill can never become law.

Answer: c Topic: What Are the Powers of Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the powers of Congress.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

11.

Members of the House are apportioned to states based on __________. They serve __________-year terms. a. equal representation by state; four

79 ..

b. equal representation by state; six c. population; two d. population; four Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots and Structure of the U.S. Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.1 Describe the roots and the structure of the Constitution.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 12.

What does the Congressional Research Service do? a. audits the financial expenditures of the executive branch and federal agencies b. conducts research and provides information to Congress c. supervises all government-sponsored research projects that use human subjects d. ensures that the Library of Congress has up-to-date research materials Answer: b Topic: How Do Members of Congress Make Decisions?

Learning Objective: 6.6 Describe the factors that influence how members of Congress make decisions.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

13.

Why were Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton impeached but not removed from office? a. The House officially charged them with wrongdoing, but a Senate trial failed to convict them. b. The Senate officially charged them with wrongdoing, but a House trial failed to convict them. c. The Senate officially charged them with wrongdoing, but a Supreme Court trial failed to convict them. d. Neither chamber of Congress secured enough votes for a trial.

Answer: a Topic: What Are the Powers of Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the powers of Congress.

Skill Level: Understand the Concept Difficulty Level: Moderate

14.

There are currently 435 members in the House of Representatives because _____. a. the Constitution requires a specific ratio of representatives to constituents b. the Constitution stipulates exactly 435 members c. the number has grown each decade, according to census data. d. the number is fixed by statute.

Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots and Structure of the U.S. Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.1 Describe the roots and the structure of the Constitution.

80 ..

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 15.

What does Congress do during the appropriations process? a. Congress grants funds to federal agencies and programs. b. Congress creates new federal agencies. c. Congress acquires requested oversight material from the executive. d. Congress instructs the president to eliminate federal agencies.

Answer: a Topic: What Are the Powers of Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.5: Describe the powers of Congress.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

16.

Congressional party unity is a significant measure of _____. a. member-constituency alignment b. unified government c. logrolling efficacy d. solidarity among party members Answer: d Topic: How Do Members of Congress Make Decisions?

Learning Objective: 6.6 Describe the factors that influence how members of Congress make decisions.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

17.

The __________ is where members of Congress affiliated with a given party gather to select their leadership at the beginning of each term. a. conference committee b. electoral college c. leadership conference d. party caucus Answer: d Topic: How Is Congress Organized?

Learning Objective: 6.4 Assess the role of leaders, political parties, and committees in Congress.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

18.

A __________ is a temporary committee that is appointed for a specific purpose. a. ways and means committee b. caucus

81 ..

c. select committee d. standing committee Answer: c Topic: How Is Congress Organized?

Learning Objective: 6.4 Assess the role of leaders, political parties, and committees in Congress.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 19.

Which of the following statements about Americans’ congressional approval rating is accurate? a. Congressional approval rating is very high. Americans are satisfied with the demographic representation of Congress. b. Congressional approval rating is high. Americans are pleased with the bipartisanship and productivity in Congress. c. Congressional approval rating is medium. Americans are satisfied with the demographic representation of Congress. d. Congressional approval rating is low. Americans are frustrated with the increasing partisanship and unproductivity in Congress.

Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: How Is Institutional Power Balanced?

Learning Objective: 6.7 Evaluate the strategic interactions between Congress, the president, the courts, and the people.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

20.

The _____ is the presiding officer of the Senate, as per the _____. a. vice president; Constitution b. president pro tempore; minority leader c. chief executive; Constitution d. Speaker; majority leader Answer: a Topic: How Is Congress Organized?

Learning Objective: 6.4 Assess the role of leaders, political parties, and committees in Congress.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

21.

The president pro tempore is selected by the majority party to __________. a. nullify legislation with a pocket veto b. select the majority leader c. preside over the Senate in the absence of the vice president d. preside over the Senate whenever it is in session Answer: c

82 ..

Topic: How Is Congress Organized?

Learning Objective: 6.4 Assess the role of leaders, political parties, and committees in Congress.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 22.

The __________ presides over the House of Representatives and is expected to smooth the passage of majority-backed bills. a. majority leader b. majority whip c. president pro tempore d. Speaker Answer: d Topic: How Is Congress Organized?

Learning Objective: 6.4 Assess the role of leaders, political parties, and committees in Congress.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

23.

According to the trustee model of representation, legislators are entrusted to __________. a. follow a strict interpretation of the Constitution b. present the views of their party c. use their judgment when making decisions d. make decisions according to their constituents’ demands Answer: c Topic: How Do Members of Congress Represent the American People?

Learning Objective: 6.2 Analyze the workday of members of Congress.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

24.

What is the purpose of a discharge petition? a. to force a vote on a House bill that is otherwise stuck in committee b. to force a vote on a Senate bill that is being delayed by a filibuster c. to force a vote on a House or Senate bill that is favored by a minority d. to force Congress to remain in session until the calendar has been fully discharged Answer: a Topic: How Is Congress Organized?

Learning Objective: 6.4 Assess the role of leaders, political parties, and committees in Congress.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

25.

After a bill is reported by a full committee in the House or Senate, it goes to __________.

83 ..

a. a conference committee composed of members from the original House and Senate committees b. the House Committee on Rules or the Senate floor c. a subcommittee d. the House or Senate floor Answer: b Topic: What Are the Powers of Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the powers of Congress.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 26.

When is the staff of a member of Congress most likely to have an influence over how he or she votes on a given bill? a. when the bill is expensive b. when the bill is important to his or her constituents c. when the bill is highly partisan d. when the bill is nonideological Answer: d Topic: How Do Members of Congress Make Decisions?

Learning Objective: 6.6 Describe the factors that influence how members of Congress make decisions.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

27.

What procedure limits debate of budget controversies to twenty hours, thereby ending the threat of a filibuster in the Senate? a. caucus b. cloture c. programmatic requests d. reconciliation Answer: d Topic: What Are the Powers of Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the powers of Congress.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

28.

Which of the following is an example of logrolling in Congress? a. awarding a government contract to a campaign supporter b. introducing and sponsoring a bill c. supporting someone else’s bill in exchange for future support of your bill d. health care reform

84 ..

Answer: c Topic: How Do Members of Congress Make Decisions?

Learning Objective: 6.6 Describe the factors that influence how members of Congress make decisions.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult 29.

What is the typical path a bill follows through the House of Representatives? a. introduction, committee referral, subcommittee referral, full committee report, full House approval, Committee on Rules, conference committee, send to president b. introduction, committee referral, subcommittee referral, full committee report, Committee on Rules, full House debate and vote, conference committee, full House approval, send to president c. introduction, committee referral, subcommittee referral, Committee on Rules, full committee report, conference committee, full House approval, send to president d. introduction, committee referral, Committee on Rules, subcommittee referral, full committee report, full House approval, conference committee, send to president Answer: b Topic: What Are the Powers of Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the powers of Congress.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

30.

__________ is a good example of constituent casework. a. Analysis of an incumbent’s policy positions prior to a debate b. Analysis of water quality within a district c. Helping a constituent navigate red tape d. Assisting a federal agency operating within a member’s district Answer: c Topic: How Do Members Stay in Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.3 Describe how incumbency and redistricting help members of Congress to stay in office.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

31.

What is the typical path a bill follows through the Senate? a. introduction, committee referral, subcommittee referral, full committee report, full Senate debate and vote, conference committee, full Senate approval, send to president b. introduction, committee referral, subcommittee referral, Committee on Rules, full committee report, conference committee, full Senate debate and vote, send to president c. introduction, committee referral, Committee on Rules, subcommittee referral, full committee report, full Senate debate and vote, conference committee, send to president

85 ..

d. introduction, subcommittee referral, committee referral, full committee report, Committee on Rules, full Senate debate and vote, conference committee, send to president Answer: a Topic: What Are the Powers of Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the powers of Congress.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult 32.

A senator wishes to inform the leadership of his or her objections to a bill (or nomination), signaling that he or she wishes to be consulted before further action is taken. What tactic should this senator use? a. cloture b. hold c. markup d. pocket veto Answer: b Topic: What Are the Powers of Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the powers of Congress.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

33.

The House minority leader __________. a. selects the president pro tempore b. decides jointly with the majority leader which legislation goes to the floor c. is elected by the minority party d. is selected by the Speaker of the House Answer: c Topic: How Is Congress Organized?

Learning Objective: 6.4 Assess the role of leaders, political parties, and committees in Congress.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

34.

Which individual keeps close contact with all members of his or her party, counts votes for key legislation, prepares summaries of bills, and acts as a communications link within the party? a. majority leader b. minority leader c. whip d. president pro tempore Answer: c Topic: How Is Congress Organized?

Learning Objective: 6.4 Assess the role of leaders, political parties, and committees in Congress.

86 ..

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 35.

Which statement about incumbency is most accurate? a. Incumbents have a huge reelection advantage. b. Incumbents have a small reelection advantage. c. Incumbents leave office only when pressured by party leadership. d. Incumbents leave office only when they are impeached.

Answer: a Topic: How Do Members Stay in Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.3 Describe how incumbency and redistricting help members of Congress stay in office.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

36.

What does the Government Accountability Office do? a. audits the financial expenditures of the legislative branch b. audits the financial expenditures of state governments c. audits the financial expenditures of the executive branch d. monitors potential congressional ethics violations Answer: c Topic: How Do Members of Congress Make Decisions?

Learning Objective: 6.6 Describe the factors that influence how members of Congress make decisions.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

37.

In the event of a major scandal, which kind of committee would be convened to conduct a special investigation? a. a conference committee b. a subcommittee c. a joint committee d. a standing committee Answer: c Topic: How Is Congress Organized?

Learning Objective: 6.4 Assess the role of leaders, political parties, and committees in Congress.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

38.

Which example best demonstrates a legislator acting according to a delegate view of representation?

87 ..

a. A legislator may follow his or her conscience unless public opinion is clear. b. A legislator does whatever is best for his or her reelection. c. A legislator follows the public opinion of his or her constituency. d. A legislator heeds public opinion in every case, except in matters of personal conscience.

Answer: c Topic: How Do Members of Congress Represent the American People?

Learning Objective: 6.2 Analyze the workday of members of Congress.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 39.

Each of the following are interactions between Congress and the Judiciary that represent the U.S. system of checks and balances except _____. a. the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review b. Congress’s right to determine the boundaries of judicial districts and circuits c. the Supreme Court’s ability to review the constitutionality of acts of Congress d. Congress’s power of judicial review Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: How Is Institutional Power Balanced?

Learning Objective: 6.7 Evaluate the strategic interactions between Congress, the president, the courts, and the people.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

40.

__________ is a gesture of respect shown by the president to senators from the home state where a judicial vacancy occurs. a. Appointee preeminence b. Committee referral c. Congressional review d. Senatorial courtesy Answer: d Topic: What Are the Powers of Congress?

Learning Objective: 6.5 Describe the powers of Congress.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

41.

How are committee chairs chosen in the House? a. They are selected by party leaders. b. They are elected by the House. c. They are determined according to seniority on the committee. d. They are determined according to seniority within the party.

Answer: a

88 ..

Topic: How Is Congress Organized?

Learning Objective: 6.4 Assess the role of leaders, political parties, and committees in Congress.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 42.

After the Revolutionary War, delegates to the Congress of the Confederation realized that they needed to create what type of government? a. a “loose league of friendship” with limited powers b. a federal type of government that would draw its powers directly from the people c. a federal government that would derive its powers from the individual states d. a unicameral government modeled on the Virginia House of Burgesses Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots and Structure of the U.S. Congress?

Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Describe the roots and the structure of the Constitution Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

43.

U.S. senators were originally chosen by ______. a. members of the House of Representatives b. all eligible voters c. state legislatures d. the president Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots and Structure of the U.S. Congress?

Learning Objective: LO 6.1 Describe the roots and the structure of the Constitution Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate

44.

A representative of the Cherokee Nation serves in the U.S. House of Representatives in what capacity? a. nonvoting delegate b. representative from Oklahoma c. nonvoting observer d. policy advisor Answer: a Topic: How Do Members of Congress Represent the American People?

Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Analyze the workday of members of Congress.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

45.

Representatives who act in the role of politico are most likely to vote ______.

89 ..

a. according to their party’s stated position on an issue b. according to their own best judgment c. as their constituents expect d. as either a trustee or a delegate, depending on the issue Answer: d Topic: How Do Members of Congress Represent the American People?

Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Analyze the workday of members of Congress.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 46.

“Call time” refers to which activities by members of Congress? a. any work that members do in Washington, D.C., rather than in their districts b. responses by phone or video chat to constituents’ requests for service c. outreach to print and electronic media d. telephone fundraising conducted outside the members’ office Answer: d Topic: How Do Members of Congress Represent the American People?

Learning Objective: LO 6.2 Analyze the workday of members of Congress.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

47.

About ______ percent of congressional incumbents who seek reelection are successful. a. 90 b. 75 c. 50 d. 35 Answer: a Topic: How Do Members Stay in Congress?

Learning Objective: LO 6.3 Describe how incumbency and redistricting help members of Congress to stay in office.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

48.

The president’s influence on legislation is highest in times of ______. a. divided government b. constituent dissatisfaction c. unified government d. high grassroots mobilization Answer: c Topic: How Do Members of Congress Make Decisions?

90 ..

Learning Objective: LO 6.6 Describe the factors that influence how members of Congress make decisions.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 49.

Especially since the 1930s, ______ often has held the upper hand in institutional power. a. the Senate b. the president c. the House of Representatives d. the Supreme Court Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Is Institutional Power Balanced?

Learning Objective: 6.7 Evaluate the strategic interactions between Congress, the president, the courts, and the people.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy

50.

During post–Civil War Reconstruction, passage of the Tenure of Office Act led to the ______. a. consolidation of presidential power b. removal from office of Abraham Lincoln’s secretary of war c. removal from office of President Andrew Johnson d. impeachment of President Andrew Johnson Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: How Is Institutional Power Balanced?

Learning Objective: 6.7 Evaluate the strategic interactions between Congress, the president, the courts, and the people.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

91 ..

Chapter 7: The Presidency Multiple-Choice Questions

1.

The president has the constitutional power to ____ with the Senate’s approval. a. make treaties b. declare war c. grant pardons d. receive foreign ambassadors Answer: a Topic: What Are the Constitutional Powers of the President?

Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the president under the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

2.

Which group is the closest and most loyal to the president? a. Executive Office of the President b. White House staff c. armed forces d. National Security Council Answer: b Topic: What Is the Presidential Establishment?

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe the organization and functions of the Executive Office of the President.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

3.

What is executive privilege? a. the ability of the president to refuse to spend money appropriated by Congress b. the ability of the president to veto programmatic requests in a bill c. the power of the president to declare war or initiate a police action d. the implied power of the president to keep communications confidential Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Office of President of the United States?

Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the constitutional provisions that provide the roots of the American presidency.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

92 ..

4.

Who breaks a tie in the Senate? a. the president of the United States b. the vice president of the United States c. the Speaker of the House d. the Senate majority leader Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the Office of President of the United States?

Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the constitutional provisions that provide the roots of the American presidency.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

5.

Historically, vice presidential candidates have been chosen to __________. a. help set the president’s agenda b. mentor the president c. balance the presidential ticket d. serve as the president’s chief policy advisor Answer: c Topic: What Is the Presidential Establishment?

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe the organizations and function of the Executive Office of the President.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

6.

What does the Twenty-Second Amendment do? a. requires that presidents be natural-born citizens b. limits the president’s terms of office c. requires the president to be a resident of the United States d. requires the president to be at least thirty-five years old Answer: b Topic: What are the Roots of the Office of President of the United States?

Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the constitutional provisions that provide the roots of the American presidency.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

7.

Which first lady acted as a surrogate for her partially paralyzed husband? a. Abigail Adams b. Edith Bolling Galt Wilson c. Eleanor Roosevelt

93 ..

d. Nancy Davis Reagan Answer: b Topic: What Is the Presidential Establishment?

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe the organization and functions of the Executive Office of the President.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 8.

To execute this power, the president is required to receive a two-thirds approval vote from the Senate. a. appointment of members to the Supreme Court b. termination of relations with other nations c. negotiation of treaties with other nations d. negotiation of executive agreements with foreign heads of state Answer: c Topic: What Are the Constitutional Powers of the President?

Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the president under the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

9.

Congress can remove a president through __________. a. veto b. executive privilege c. a House impeachment vote d. a Senate impeachment trial Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Office of President of the United States?

Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the constitutional provisions that provide the roots of the American presidency.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

10.

In the case in which the offices of both the president and vice president are simultaneously vacated, to which law should Congress turn to ensure an orderly transfer of power? a. the Twenty-Fifth Amendment b. the Presidential Succession Act c. the Twenty-Second Amendment d. the power to convene Congress Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the Office of President of the United States?

94 ..

Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the constitutional provisions that provide the roots of the American presidency.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 11.

What has to happen in Congress for the president to be impeached and removed from office? a. The House must impeach the president by a simple majority; the Supreme Court must convict with a two-thirds vote. b. The Senate must impeach the president by a simple majority; the House must convict with a two-thirds vote. c. The House must impeach the president by a simple majority; the Senate must convict with a two-thirds majority. d. The Supreme Court must impeach the president with a simple majority; the chief justice presides over a Senate trial that must convict with a two-thirds majority.

Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the Office of President of the United States?

Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the constitutional provisions that provide the roots of the American presidency.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Difficult

12.

Who was the first president of the United States to grant the vice president more than just ceremonial duties? a. John Adams b. Jimmy Carter c. Barack Obama d. Abraham Lincoln Answer: b Topic: What Is the Presidential Establishment?

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe the organization and functions of the Executive Office of the President.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

13.

In what sense is the veto a “qualified negative” power? a. The veto has a negative effect on the ability of Congress to conduct its business as qualified by the Constitution. b. Congress can negate the president’s legislative agenda by refusing to qualify his or her proposals as ripe for consideration, something that is akin to a legislative veto. c. The president can veto negative or harmful Supreme Court decisions. d. The president can negate legislation passed by Congress, but this power is qualified by Congress’s ability to override the president’s veto.

95 ..

Answer: d Topic: What Are the Constitutional Powers of the President?

Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the president under the Constitution.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 14.

Presidents often use __________ to sidestep the constitutional “advice and consent” of the Senate that is required for formal ratification of treaties. a. pocket vetoes b. executive privilege c. executive agreements d. signing statements Answer: c Topic: What Are the Constitutional Powers of the President?

Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the president under the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

15.

Which statement best describes a president’s constitutional duty to Congress? a. The president must give Congress an occasional update on the state of the union. b. The president must have at least one Cabinet member of the opposing party. c. The president must maintain party support in Congress. d. The president must inform Congress of the reasoning behind a veto.

Answer: a Topic: What Are the Constitutional Powers of the President?

Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the president under the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

16.

Which position has the duty to examine the cost implications of a proposed bill? a. secretary of the treasury b. Office of Management and Budget c. secretary of commerce d. chief of staff Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: What Is the President’s Role as a Policy Maker?

Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe the relationship between Congress and the president and the tools available for the president to make policy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

96 ..

Difficulty Level: Moderate 17.

What did Benjamin Franklin think had to be included in the Constitution? a. a resolution to limit the president’s power to send troops into battle b. a process for dealing with a vacancy in the office of the president c. a process for impeaching and removing the president d. a process for the people to directly elect the president Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the Office of President of the United States?

Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the constitutional provisions that provide the roots of the American presidency.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

18.

Which power of the president is used to select officials to execute laws passed by Congress? a. appointment b. veto c. pardon d. impeachment Answer: a Topic: What Are the Constitutional Powers of the President?

Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the president under the Constitution.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

19.

What strategy was on display when President Obama visited several college campuses urging students to pressure lawmakers not to increase interest rates on student loans? a. twisting arms b. executive privilege c. going public d. rally-round-the-flag Answer: c Topic: How Do Presidents Lead?

Learning Objective: 7.5 Analyze how presidents have led over time.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

20.

Presidents with high levels of __________ are perceived to be more powerful leaders. a. public approval b. executive privilege

97 ..

c. debts and deficits d. campaign spending Answer: a Topic: How Does Public Opinion Affect Presidents?

Learning Objective: 7.6 Describe the role that public opinion plays in presidential effectiveness.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 21.

Which of the following is a presidential advisory group whose members are confirmed by the Senate and that helps the president make decisions and execute laws? a. the White House staff b. the presidential library c. the chiefs of staff d. the Cabinet Answer: d Topic: What Are the Constitutional Powers of the President?

Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the president under the Constitution.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

22.

President Trump had more turnover in the __________ than any president before him. a. White House staff b. Executive Office of the President c. Cabinet d. Supreme Court Answer: a Topic: What Is the Presidential Establishment?

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe the organization and functions of the Executive Office of the President.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

23.

Who heads the National Security Council? a. a national security advisor b. the president c. the secretary of defense d. the director of the Central Intelligence Agency Answer: a Topic: What Is the Presidential Establishment?

98 ..

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe the organization and functions of the Executive Office of the President.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 24.

Who established the precedent that the president would play a prominent role in foreign affairs? a. George Washington b. Andrew Jackson c. Thomas Jefferson d. Abraham Lincoln Answer: a Topic: How Has Presidential Power Developed?

Learning Objective: 7.3 Trace the expansion of presidential power.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

25.

How did Lincoln defend his decision to order a blockade of southern ports without the approval of Congress? a. He claimed to have received approval from the Supreme Court. b. He claimed that the Constitution explicitly conferred upon him the power to do whatever he thought best in any situation. c. He claimed that his actions were consistent with his power to veto congressional actions or inactions. d. He claimed that the inherent powers of his office allowed him to circumvent the Constitution in a time of war or national crisis.

Answer: d Topic: How Has Presidential Power Developed?

Learning Objective: 7.3 Trace the expansion of presidential power.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

26.

Unlike what the Framers of the Constitution originally intended, modern presidents _____. a. are considerably less democratic b. have considerably less power as leaders of their political parties c. are much more influential in the legislative process d. are more subservient to the will of Congress Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: What Is the President’s Role as a Policy Maker?

Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe the relationship between Congress and the president and the tools available for the president to make policy.

Skill Level: Analyze It

99 ..

Difficulty Level: Moderate 27.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of filling a vice-presidential vacancy? a. The Cabinet nominates a new vice president, who must then be approved by Congress. b. The president appoints a new vice president, who assumes office immediately. c. The president appoints a new vice president, who must then be approved by Congress. d. The Senate appoints a new vice president, who must then be approved by the president.

Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the Office of President of the United States?

Learning Objective: 7.1 Describe the constitutional provisions that provide the roots of the American presidency.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

28.

A key leadership skill that defines whether a president will or will not be successful is the ability to _____. a. collaborate with others b. demonstrate charisma c. persuade with power d. speak to the public Answer: c Topic: How Do Presidents Lead?

Learning Objective: 7.5 Analyze how presidents have led over time.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

29.

Which of the following statements distinguishes the modern presidency from the institution originally envisioned by the Framers of the Constitution? a. The modern presidency is much more powerful than the Framers intended. b. The modern presidency is less involved in the development of foreign policy than the Framers intended. c. Modern presidents exhibit a greater level of deference to Congress in budgetary matters than the Framers intended. d. Modern presidents are more cautious in promoting their legislative agendas than the Framers intended.

Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: What Is the President’s Role as a Policy Maker?

Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe the relationship between Congress and the president and the tools available for the president to make policy.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

100 ..

30.

Article II of the Constitution enumerates the specific powers of the president, which include all of the following except the power to _____. a. make administrative appointments b. make treaties with foreign nations c. preside over the military as commander in chief d. pardon against a case of impeachment Answer: d Topic: What Are the Constitutional Powers of the President?

Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the president under the Constitution.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

31.

What was the turning point that gave rise to the modern presidency? a. the social strife arising from the civil rights movement b. the economic and social turmoil of the Great Depression c. the demands of managing a modern army during World War I d. the rapid contraction of government following the conclusion of World War II Answer: b Topic: How Has Presidential Power Developed?

Learning Objective: 7.3 Trace the expansion of presidential power.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

32.

Which of the following accurately describes George Washington’s presidency? a. His ambitions greatly expanded the power of the presidency to influence domestic policies. b. He took every opportunity to establish the primacy of the national government. c. He established the precedent that the president would take the lead over Congress in influencing the national agenda. d. His actions firmly established the president as the chief driver of the economy.

Answer: b Topic: How Has Presidential Power Developed?

Learning Objective: 7.3 Trace the expansion of presidential power.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

33.

Which of the following is one way in which the White House staff is different from the president’s Cabinet? a. The White House staff is not subject to Senate confirmation. b. The Cabinet is more loyal to the president than is the White House staff.

101 ..

c. The Cabinet works more closely with the president than does the White House staff. d. The White House staff must perform their job duties in accordance with congressional legislation, while the Cabinet has no such restraints.

Answer: a Topic: What Is the Presidential Establishment?

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe the organization and functions of the Executive Office of the President.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 34.

Which of the following statements provides the best characterization of the Executive Office of the President (EOP)? a. The EOP comprises several hundred members that act as personal assistants to the president. b. The EOP is a mini-bureaucracy intended to help the president direct the diverse actions of the executive branch. c. The EOP is an informal institution intended to assist the president in executing laws and making decisions. d. The EOP comprises informal advisors, goodwill ambassadors, and links to executive agencies.

Answer: b Topic: What Is the Presidential Establishment?

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe the organization and functions of the Executive Office of the President.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

35.

Presidents rely on _____ to measure their political capital. a. Congressional approval b. public approval c. Senate approval d. House approval Answer: b Topic: How Does Public Opinion Affect Presidents?

Learning Objective: 7.6 Describe the role that public opinion plays in presidential effectiveness.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

36.

Why did Congress enact the War Powers Resolution? a. to expand the powers of the president in the conduct of war b. to make Congress the sole actor in the conduct of war c. to limit the powers of the president in the conduct of war d. to require the secretary of defense to inform Congress whenever troops are deployed

102 ..

Answer: c Topic: What Are the Constitutional Powers of the President?

Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the president under the Constitution.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 37.

What might a president do to indicate his or her belief that a portion of the legislation just signed into law is unconstitutional and that he or she intends to disregard it or implement it in some way other than Congress intends? a. “go public” with the allegation b. claim executive privilege c. issue a signing statement d. make an executive agreement Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: What Is the President’s Role as a Policy Maker?

Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe the relationship between Congress and the president and the tools available for the president to make policy.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

38.

Great presidents tend to regard the White House as _______. a. primarily a setting in which to meet with members of Congress and the media b. a backdrop for the presentation of performances to the public c. a seat of power from which decisions can flow to shape the national destiny d. an ideal venue for political compromise Answer: c Topic: How Do Presidents Lead?

Learning Objective: 7.5 Analyze how presidents have led over time.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

39.

When do presidents typically experience their highest level of public approval? a. after taking controversial actions to get their programs passed b. at the beginning of their terms c. just before the midterm election d. in the closing days of their presidency Answer: b Topic: How Does Public Opinion Affect Presidents?

Learning Objective: 7.6 Describe the role that public opinion plays in presidential effectiveness.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate

103 ..

40.

Presidents are more likely to get their policy objectives passed in their first 100 days if ______. a. they begin with legislation that does not arouse strong feelings either for or against b. they do not align themselves with either political party in Congress c. they avoid interfering with the law- and policy-making role of Congress d. the policy issues concern items at the top of their campaign promises Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: What Is the President’s Role as a Policy Maker?

Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe the relationship between Congress and the president and the tools available for the president to make public policy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

41.

Executive orders can be used to ______. a. make minor adjustments or clarifications to legislation that has been passed by Congress b. institute major policy changes without needing congressional approval c. overturn policies of a previous administration but not to promote new policies d. achieve consensus in a time of divided government Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: What Is the President’s Role as a Policy Maker?

Learning Objective: 7.7 Describe the relationship between Congress and the president and the tools available for the president to make public policy.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

42.

In assuming unprecedented powers, President Abraham Lincoln argued that ______. a. the inherent powers of the presidency allowed him to circumvent the Constitution in a time of war or national crisis b. he was simply making use of powers that were explicitly granted to him by the Constitution c. he was following the example of Andrew Jackson d. he had the support of Congress in all of his actions Answer: a Topic: How Has Presidential Power Developed?

Learning Objective: 7.3 Trace the expansion of presidential power.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

43.

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s plan for national recovery from the Great Depression was called ______. a. the federal bureaucracy b. populism c. the New Deal

104 ..

d. economic warfare Answer: c Topic: How Has Presidential Power Developed?

Learning Objective: 7.3 Trace the expansion of presidential power.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

105 ..

Chapter 8: The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy Multiple-Choice Questions

1.

The __________ consists of the departments, agencies, and offices within the executive branch that perform the functions of government. a. administration b. bureaucracy c. cabinet d. civil service Answer: b Topic: How Is the Federal Bureaucracy Organized?

Learning Objective: 8.2 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is organized.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

2.

Max Weber (1905) identified which of the following as a characteristic of an ideal bureaucracy? a. inefficiency b. transparency c. consensus-making d. task specialization Answer: d Topic: How Does the Bureaucracy Work?

Learning Objective: 8.4 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

3.

The civil service system (1883) was introduced with the passage of what law? a. the Hatch Act b. the Pendleton Act c. the Administrative Procedures Act d. the Freedom of Information Act Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Bureaucracy?

106 ..

Learning Objective: 8.1 Outline the development of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 4.

Under the spoils system, who was awarded jobs in the federal bureaucracy? a. those who scored highest on aptitude tests b. those who did not affiliate with a political party c. those who previously served in the military d. those who helped candidates win elections Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Bureaucracy?

Learning Objective: 8.1 Outline the development of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

5.

__________ are rules created by government agencies that determine how laws are implemented. a. Laws b. Directives c. Regulations d. Statutes Answer: c Topic: How Does the Bureaucracy Work?

Learning Objective: 8.4 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

6.

Which law designates the steps that federal agencies must follow in issuing rules and regulations? a. the Administrative Procedures Act b. the Hatch Act c. the Pendleton Act d. the Privacy Act Answer: a Topic: How Does the Bureaucracy Work?

Learning Objective: 8.4 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

7.

__________ is the authority that the federal bureaucracy uses to make the best choices to implement policies.

107 ..

a. Administrative prerogative b. Administrative discretion c. Division of labor d. Executive control Answer: b Topic: How Does the Bureaucracy Work?

Learning Objective: 8.4 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 8.

Which of the following federal workers fall outside the direct political influence of the president once they are appointed? a. low-level nonpolicy patronage positions b. independent regulatory commissioners c. appointive policy-making positions d. civil service employees Answer: b Topic: Who Are Bureaucrats?

Learning Objective: 8.3 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is staffed.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

9.

Federal law requires that agencies must take what step before issuing new rules and regulations? a. They must obtain approval from the president. b. They must obtain approval from Congress. c. They must consult with an administrative law judge. d. They must solicit public comments.

Answer: d Topic: How Does the Bureaucracy Work?

Learning Objective: 8.4 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

10.

Which of the following statements about the federal workforce is true? a. The overall employment of women lags behind that of men. b. Less than 15 percent of all federal workers are found in or around Washington D.C. c. Less than 15,000 job skills are represented in the federal government. d. The average age of government employees is approximately 35 years old.

Answer: a Topic: How Is the Federal Bureaucracy Organized?

108 ..

Learning Objective: 8.2 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is organized.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate 11.

What is implementation? a. the process by which a law or policy is put into operation b. a set of procedures executive branch agencies must follow when issuing rules c. the process by which government agencies settle legal disputes d. a set of rules enforcing government agreements with private contractors Answer: a Topic: How Does the Bureaucracy Work?

Learning Objective: 8.4 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

12.

Under amendments to the Hatch Act (1939), federal employees are prohibited from __________. a. adjudicating legal disputes b. exercising administrative discretion c. running for partisan office d. running voter registration drives Answer: c Topic: How Is the Federal Bureaucracy Organized?

Learning Objective: 8.2 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is organized.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

13.

The president has the authority to __________. a. abolish existing programs and agencies b. investigate agency activities and compel bureaucrats to testify about them c. make changes in an agency’s annual budget proposals d. refuse to appropriate funds for certain federal programs Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: How Can the Bureaucracy Be Made Accountable?

Learning Objective: 8.5 Identify the means of controlling the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

14.

__________ are working groups established to facilitate the coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of government agencies. a. interagency councils

109 ..

b. iron triangles c. focus groups d. independent regulatory commissions Answer: a Topic: How Does the Bureaucracy Work?

Learning Objective: 8.4 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 15.

Which of the following is a part of the federal bureaucracy? a. the Department of Defense b. the U.S. House of Representatives c. the U.S. Supreme Court d. the Democratic Party Answer: a Topic: How Is the Federal Bureaucracy Organized?

Learning Objective: 8.2 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is organized.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Easy

16.

Which of the following is an example of the merit system? a. the president evaluating a policy proposal based on its merits b. citizens evaluating political candidates based on candidates’ work experience c. agencies hiring people based on their performance on entrance exams d. agency officials evaluating a policy proposal based on its merits Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Bureaucracy?

Learning Objective: 8.1 Outline the development of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

17.

Before 1883, how were government jobs awarded? a. Jobs were awarded based on applicants’ expertise. b. Jobs were awarded through a lottery system. c. Jobs were awarded based on applicants’ performance on entrance exams. d. Jobs were awarded based on applicants’ loyalty to the party in power.

Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Bureaucracy?

Learning Objective: 8.1 Outline the development of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

110 ..

18.

Which of the following is a function of the federal bureaucracy? a. issuing executive orders b. issuing executive agreements c. implementing congressional statutes d. implementing state laws Answer: c Topic: How Does the Bureaucracy Work?

Learning Objective: 8.4 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy

19.

One purpose of the Administrative Procedures Act (1946) is to __________. a. ensure opportunities for public participation in the rule-making process b. give federal agencies greater discretion in the rule-making process c. streamline bureaucratic activities in the rule-making process d. give the president greater control over the rule-making process Answer: a Topic: How Does the Bureaucracy Work?

Learning Objective: 8.4 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

20.

Which of the following is a presidential role in the federal bureaucracy? a. confirming federal appointees b. nominating people for some federal jobs c. creating or abolishing agencies d. conducting oversight hearings Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Can the Bureaucracy Be Made Accountable?

Learning Objective: 8.5 Identify the means of controlling the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

21.

Which of the following is an example of an independent executive agency? a. the Environmental Protection Agency b. the Department of Health and Human Services c. the Consumer Product Safety Commission d. the Tennessee Valley Authority Answer: a

111 ..

Topic: How Is the Federal Bureaucracy Organized?

Learning Objective: 8.2 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is organized.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 22.

Which of the following is an example of a government corporation? a. the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) b. the Federal Elections Commission c. the U.S. Postal Service d. the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Answer: c Topic: How Is the Federal Bureaucracy Organized?

Learning Objective: 8.2 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is organized.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

23.

How did the Pendleton Act (1883) reform the system of hiring and firing of most federal employees? a. It required hiring and firing decisions to be based on partisan loyalty rather than merit. b. It required hiring and firing decisions to be based on merit rather than partisan loyalty. c. It continued to allow hiring on the basis of merit but made firing federal employees easier. d. It continued to allow hiring on the basis of partisan loyalty but made firing federal employees more difficult.

Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Bureaucracy?

Learning Objective: 8.1 Outline the development of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

24.

The main purpose of _____ is to provide services that the private sector lacks a financial incentive to provide. a. independent regulatory commissions b. government corporations c. independent executive agencies d. the federal bureaucracy Answer: b Topic: How Is the Federal Bureaucracy Organized?

Learning Objective: 8.2 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is organized.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

25.

What is a major purpose of an independent regulatory commission?

112 ..

a. to regulate commerce b. to increase productivity c. to oversee the executive branch d. to perform services Answer: a Topic: How Is the Federal Bureaucracy Organized?

Learning Objective: 8.2 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is organized.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 26.

Which statement about the quasi-judicial decisions made by government agencies is accurate? a. They are strictly advisory. b. They can be reviewed by federal courts. c. They are final and cannot be appealed. d. They can be reviewed by state regulatory commissions.

Answer: b Topic: How Is the Federal Bureaucracy Organized?

Learning Objective: 8.2 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is organized.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

27.

What role is the Environmental Protection Agency taking when it sets limits on air pollution from power plants? a. adjudication b. deliberation c. regulation d. oversight Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: How Can the Bureaucracy Be Made Accountable?

Learning Objective: 8.5 Identify the means of controlling the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

28.

When did the largest growth in the federal workforce occur? a. Johnson’s Great Society b. FDR’s New Deal c. the Civil War d. World War II Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Bureaucracy?

113 ..

Learning Objective: 8.1 Outline the development of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 29.

How did Americans’ attitudes about the role of government change as a result of the Great Depression and Roosevelt’s New Deal? a. People became more accepting of the federal government’s role in economic policy. b. People became more cynical about the federal government’s role in economic policy. c. People became more cynical about the federal government’s role in social policy. d. People became more confident in the ability of state governments to handle economic policy.

Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Bureaucracy?

Learning Objective: 8.1 Outline the development of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

30.

Congress and the president share which of the following powers over agencies and departments in the federal bureaucracy? a. the power to influence budgets b. the power to issue executive orders c. the power to sign executive agreements d. the power to hold oversight hearings Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Can the Bureaucracy Be Made Accountable?

Learning Objective: 8.5 Identify the means of controlling the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

31.

How do departments differ from independent agencies? a. Department heads are nominated by the president; agency heads are not. b. Agencies are typically larger than departments. c. Department heads are part of the president’s Cabinet; agency heads are not. d. Independent agencies are mostly regulatory in their mission.

Answer: c Topic: How Is the Federal Bureaucracy Organized?

Learning Objective: 8.2 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is organized.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

32.

How do government corporations differ from private companies?

114 ..

a. Government corporations perform activities that private companies have little incentive to provide. b. Government corporations cannot borrow money, whereas private companies can. c. Government corporations can sell stock, whereas private companies cannot. d. Government corporations need less government oversight than private companies.

Answer: a Topic: How Is the Federal Bureaucracy Organized?

Learning Objective: 8.2 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is organized.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 33.

Which of the following statements best describes Congress’s influence over agency budgets? a. Congress has final say over all department budgets but has no control of the budgets of independent agencies. b. Congress has final say over the budgets of independent agencies but has no control of department budgets. c. Congress has the authority to appropriate money to agencies. d. Congress influences the initial budget proposal but depends on the president for appropriations of federal money.

Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: How Can the Bureaucracy Be Made Accountable?

Learning Objective: 8.5 Identify the means of controlling the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

34.

Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt create hundreds of new government agencies? a. to support Congress in its oversight of the executive and judiciary branches b. to produce the necessary weapons and ammunition to defend the nation c. to reform the civil service system d. to create jobs and to regulate the economy and business practices Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Bureaucracy?

Learning Objective: 8.1 Outline the development of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

35.

Why is the Federal Register important? a. It publishes all executive orders issued by the president. b. It states the rules for greater discretion in bureaucratic decision making. c. It enumerates the limitations of congressional control of the federal bureaucracy. d. It provides guidelines for corruption reform.

115 ..

Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Can the Bureaucracy Be Made Accountable?

Learning Objective: 8.5 Identify the means of controlling the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate 36.

What is a goal common to both the Pendleton Act and the Hatch Act? a. reducing the exercise of administrative discretion b. reducing the influence of partisan politics on the federal bureaucracy c. increasing presidential control of the federal bureaucracy d. streamlining the policy implementation process Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Bureaucracy?

Learning Objective: 8.1 Outline the development of the federal bureaucracy Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

37.

Which of the following statements accurately explains how Cabinet secretaries are similar to independent agency administrators? a. Both are nominated by the president. b. Neither can be fired by the president. c. Both typically remain in office over multiple presidential administrations. d. Both are part of the federal civil service system.

Answer: a Topic: How Is the Federal Bureaucracy Organized?

Learning Objective: 8.2 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is organized.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

38.

Currently, a major concern in regard to the federal workforce is ___________. a. the decentralization of government offices b. the large number of workers who will soon be eligible to retire c. the low turnover rate in many important positions d. the movement to revive the patronage system Answer: b Topic: Who Are Bureaucrats?

Learning Objective: 8.3 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is staffed.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

39.

Which statement accurately explains how interagency councils are similar to policy coordinating committees?

116 ..

a. Both coordinate the activities of multiple agencies. b. Both help coordinate the activities of the federal and state governments. c. Both are housed within the legislative branch. d. Both have the authority to override the decisions of agency heads.

Answer: a Topic: How Does the Bureaucracy Work?

Learning Objective: 8.4 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 40.

Which of the following was a consequence of the spoils, or patronage, system? a. The federal bureaucracy was often staffed with people who lacked expertise. b. There was low turnover in the federal bureaucracy between presidential administrations. c. There was little government corruption. d. Voter turnout was lower.

Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Bureaucracy?

Learning Objective: 8.1 Outline the development of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

41.

What event served as a catalyst for the creation of the Pendleton Act (1883)? a. the growth of the Republican Party in the 1880s b. the expansion of the federal bureaucracy in the 1880s c. the assassination of James Garfield in 1881 d. the election of Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876 Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Bureaucracy?

Learning Objective: 8.1 Outline the development of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

42.

What has been the effect of requirements that agencies conduct a formal hearing before issuing rules? a. Criticism of rules is increased because the public is more informed. b. Public input typically speeds up the process. c. The courts tend to give greater deference to agency decisions. d. The president becomes more directly involved in the procedure.

Answer: c Topic: How Is the Federal Bureaucracy Organized?

117 ..

Learning Objective: 8.2 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is organized.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 43.

In which of the following ways can Congress exert its control over the bureaucracy? a. appoint those who share their values to the executive branch b. rule on whether bureaucrats have acted within the law c. use money as a tool to force bureaucrats into making specific policies d. ignore legislative initiatives that originated within the bureaucracy Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: How Can the Bureaucracy Be Made Accountable?

Learning Objective: 8.5 Identify the means of controlling the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Apply Your Knowledge Difficulty Level: Moderate

44.

To understand the external influences on modern bureaucracy, political scientists will closely examine _____. a. issue networks b. iron triangles c. interagency councils d. policy coordinating committees Answer: a Topic: How Does the Bureaucracy Work?

Learning Objective: 8.4 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Apply Your Knowledge Difficulty Level: Difficult

45.

Which was an influential factor in the expansion of the federal bureaucracy during the post–Civil War era? a. the expansion of voting rights to African American men b. the elimination of the spoils system c. a series of poor harvests and agricultural distribution problems d. the growing incidence of price fixing and other unfair business practices Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Bureaucracy?

Learning Objective: 8.1 Outline the development of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Apply Your Knowledge Difficulty Level: Difficult

46.

“Schedule C” political appointees are those who ______. a. are appointed by the president, subject to Senate confirmation

118 ..

b. are appointed by Cabinet secretaries to high-level policy-making positions c. serve in low-level, nonpolicy positions d. have successfully completed a written test to qualify for government service Answer: b Topic: Who Are Bureaucrats?

Learning Objective: 8.3 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is staffed.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 47.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between government jobs and those in the private sector? a. Turnover is much lower in government jobs than in private-sector employment. b. Nearly all government jobs are performed in or around Washington, D.C. c. The diversity of jobs in the government mirrors that in the private sector. d. Government jobs are significantly less diverse in nature than private-sector jobs.

Answer: c Topic: Who Are Bureaucrats?

Learning Objective: 8.3 Describe how the federal bureaucracy is staffed.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

48.

The judiciary has the authority to make government agencies accountable by ______. a. calling for the removal of agency heads b. denying the appropriation of funds for certain programs c. making changes in an agency’s annual budget proposals d. holding hearings to force agencies to respect the right of individuals

Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: How Can the Bureaucracy Be Made Accountable?

Learning Objective: 8.5 Identify the means of controlling the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

49.

______ was the first president to address the issue of accountability of the federal bureaucracy. a. Thomas Jefferson b. Abraham Lincoln c. Franklin D. Roosevelt d. Ronald Reagan Answer: a

119 ..

Topic: Political Realities: How Can the Bureaucracy Be Made Accountable?

Learning Objective: 8.5 Identify the means of controlling the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

50.

An “iron triangle” is said to describe relationships between federal agency employees, interest groups, and congressional committees dealing with policy in which area? a. technology b. veterans’ affairs c. the environment d. labor Answer: b Topic: How Does the Bureaucracy Work?

Learning Objective: 8.4 Identify the roles and responsibilities of the federal bureaucracy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

120 ..

Chapter 9: The Judiciary Multiple-Choice Questions

1.

Which Article of the Constitution creates the federal judiciary? a. Article I b. Article II c. Article III d. Article IV Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Judiciary?

Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe the constitutional foundations of the federal judiciary and judicial review.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

2.

Which of the following confirms all federal judges? a. House of Representatives b. Supreme Court c. Senate d. president Answer: c Topic: How Are Federal Court Judges Selected?

Learning Objective: 9.3 Outline the criteria for nominating and the process of approving federal judges and Supreme Court justices.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

3.

The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the basic three-tiered structure of the __________ court system. a. state b. appellate c. trial d. federal Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Judiciary?

Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe the constitutional foundations of the federal judiciary and judicial review.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

121 ..

Difficulty Level: Easy 4.

In 1869, Congress set the number of Supreme Court Justices at __________. a. five b. six c. eight d. nine Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Judiciary?

Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe the constitutional foundations of the federal judiciary and judicial review.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

5.

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court first claim the right of judicial review? a. Chisholm v. Georgia b. Brown v. Board of Education c. United States v. Nixon d. Marbury v. Madison Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Judiciary?

Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe the constitutional foundations of the federal judiciary and judicial review.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

6.

Cases generally begin at which level of the courts? a. trial b. appellate c. legislative d. circuit Answer: a Topic: What Is the Structure of the Federal Court System?

Learning Objective: 9.2 Describe the structure of the federal judiciary.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

7.

A writ of __________ is a request submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court to review a lower court decision. a. mandamus b. prohibition

122 ..

c. attachment d. certiorari Answer: d Topic: How Does the Supreme Court Make Decisions?

Learning Objective: 9.4 Outline the process by which the Supreme Court makes decisions and the factors that influence judicial decision making.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 8.

Following oral arguments, the justices gather for a __________ during which they discuss the case and cast preliminary votes. a. conference b. moot court session c. hearing d. review Answer: a Topic: How Does the Supreme Court Make Decisions?

Learning Objective: 9.4 Outline the process by which the Supreme Court makes decisions and the factors that influence judicial decision making.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

9.

Of President Obama’s judicial nominees, 70 percent were _____. a. women and people of color b. confirmed c. White males d. lacking in judicial experience Answer: a Topic: How Are Federal Court Judges Selected?

Learning Objective: 9.3 Outline the criteria for nominating and the process of approving federal judges and Supreme Court justices.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

10.

A court that hears and weighs evidence in order to reach the first decision in a civil or criminal case is a court of __________ jurisdiction. a. appellate b. constitutional c. mandatory d. original Answer: d

123 ..

Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Judiciary?

Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe the constitutional foundations of the federal judiciary and judicial review.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 11.

Courts established by Congress for specialized purposes are known as __________ courts. a. appellate b. constitutional c. legislative d. public Answer: c Topic: What Is the Structure of the Federal Court System?

Learning Objective: 9.2 Describe the structure of the federal judiciary.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

12.

Who represents the federal government in appeals to the Supreme Court? a. Attorney General b. president c. Speaker of the House d. solicitor general Answer: d Topic: How Does the Supreme Court Make Decisions?

Learning Objective: 9.4 Outline the process by which the Supreme Court makes decisions and the factors that influence judicial decision making.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

13.

After submitting to the Senate a formal nomination to fill a judicial vacancy, the _____ then begins its own investigation of that nominee. a. Senate Judiciary Committee b. House of Representatives c. Federal Bureau of Investigation d. White House staff Answer: a Topic: How Are Federal Court Judges Selected?

Learning Objective: 9.3 Outline the criteria for nominating and the process of approving federal judges and Supreme Court justices.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

124 ..

14.

Which of the following is the authority of a court to hear and decide the issues in a particular case? a. jurisdiction b. judicial review c. jurisprudence d. stare decisis Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Judiciary?

Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe the constitutional foundations of the federal judiciary and judicial review.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

15.

__________ is the power of the courts to review and overturn the actions of the executive and legislative branches. a. Original jurisdiction b. Stare decisis c. Judicial review d. Precedent Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Judiciary?

Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe the constitutional foundations of the federal judiciary and judicial review.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

16.

The nominee confirmation process follows a specific sequence of events that comprises ______. a. presidential nomination, investigation, and Senate Committee hearings and vote b. Senate Committee vote, lobbying by interest groups, and investigation c. lobbying by interest groups, presidential nomination, and Senate Committee vote d. investigation, lobbying by interest groups, and Senate Committee hearings and vote Answer: d Topic: How Are Federal Court Judges Selected?

Learning Objective: 9.3 Outline the criteria for nominating and the process of approving federal judges and Supreme Court justices.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

17.

Federal district court judges are appointed to __________ terms. a. three-year b. ten-year

125 ..

c. twenty-year d. life Answer: d Topic: What Is the Structure of the Federal Court System?

Learning Objective: 9.2 Describe the structure of the federal judiciary.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 18.

The chief law enforcement officer in a federal district court is the _____. a. minority leader b. vice president c. majority leader d. U.S. attorney Answer: d Topic: What Is the Structure of the Federal Court System?

Learning Objective: 9.2 Describe the structure of the federal judiciary.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

19.

__________ brief provides legal rationale of an interest group in hopes of swaying the Supreme Court’s decision. a. An amicus curiae b. A habeas corpus c. An outsider d. A coram nobis Answer: a Topic: How Does the Supreme Court Make Decisions?

Learning Objective: 9.4 Outline the process by which the Supreme Court makes decisions and the factors that influence judicial decision making.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

20.

Only __________ court can review the decisions of a lower court. a. a trial b. a legislative c. an administrative d. an appellate Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Judiciary?

Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe the constitutional foundations of the federal judiciary and judicial review.

126 ..

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 21.

The U.S. courts of appeals are divided into __________ numbered circuits and two unnumbered circuits. a. six b. nine c. eleven d. twelve Answer: c Topic: What Is the Structure of the Federal Court System?

Learning Objective: 9.2 Describe the structure of the federal judiciary.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy

22.

Which term refers to an opinion written by a justice in the majority that outlines additional considerations he or she thinks are important? a. concurring b. en banc c. dissenting d. per curiam Answer: a Topic: How Does the Supreme Court Make Decisions?

Learning Objective: 9.4 Outline the process by which the Supreme Court makes decisions and the factors that influence judicial decision making.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

23.

Proponents of judicial activism believe that judges should use their power __________. a. narrowly b. to strictly uphold the Framers’ original intent c. broadly to further justice d. to further their personal ideology Answer: c Topic: How Does the Supreme Court Make Decisions?

Learning Objective: 9.4 Outline the process by which the Supreme Court makes decisions and the factors that influence judicial decision making.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

24.

The majority of all cases are tried in __________.

127 ..

a. federal courts b. the U.S. district courts c. appellate courts d. state courts Answer: d Topic: What Is the Structure of the Federal Court System?

Learning Objective: 9.2 Describe the structure of the federal judiciary.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 25.

In which federal courts are trials conducted? a. circuit courts b. district courts c. courts of appeals d. state supreme courts Answer: b Topic: What Is the Structure of the Federal Court System?

Learning Objective: 9.2 Describe the structure of the federal judiciary.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

26.

The Supreme Court provides a statement of the legal reasoning behind its decisions in written __________. a. briefs b. arguments c. opinions d. regulations Answer: c Topic: How Does the Supreme Court Make Decisions?

Learning Objective: 9.4 Outline the process by which the Supreme Court makes decisions and the factors that influence judicial decision making.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

27.

How and whether judicial decisions are translated into actual policy is known as judicial __________. a. implementation b. execution c. legislation d. intention Answer: a

128 ..

Topic: Political Realities: How Much Power Does the Court Have in Policy Making?

Learning Objective: 9.5 Evaluate the role of the Supreme Court in national policy making.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

28.

Which of the following is within the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court? a. federal criminal matters b. tax disputes c. military tribunals d. cases involving two or more state governments Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Judiciary?

Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe the constitutional foundations of the federal judiciary and judicial review.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

29.

The _____ population comprises the people who might be directly affected by a judicial decision. a. implementing b. original c. consumer d. constituent Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: How Much Power Does the Court Have in Policy Making?

Learning Objective: 9.5 Evaluate the role of the Supreme Court in national policy making.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

30.

According to Marbury v. Madison, which clause implies the right of the Supreme Court to exercise judicial review? a. the necessary and proper clause b. the supremacy clause c. the faithful execution clause d. the full faith and credit clause Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Judiciary?

Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe the constitutional foundations of the federal judiciary and judicial review.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

129 ..

31.

The Supreme Court ruling in Reynolds v. Sims decided the simple “one person, one vote” rule, which led state legislatures and local governments to question its impact on equal representation. What happened with this judicial decision? a. The implementing population failed to understand the original decision. b. The implementing population failed to follow Court policy. c. The consumer population failed to recognize the rights this decision denied them. d. The consumer population failed to recognize the rights this decision granted them.

Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Much Power Does the Court Have in Policy Making?

Learning Objective: 9.5 Evaluate the role of the Supreme Court in national policy making.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

32.

Which of the following can modify or reverse a decision of the Supreme Court? a. an executive order b. a district court c. a constitutional amendment d. a writ of certiorari Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the Federal Judiciary?

Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe the constitutional foundations of the federal judiciary and judicial review.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

33.

The Supreme Court has declared more than 160 federal laws unconstitutional. This reflects which of the following measures? a. its ability to overrule itself b. its ability to handle political questions c. its influence on setting legislative boundaries d. its ability to make policy Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: How Much Power Does the Court Have in Policy Making?

Learning Objective: 9.5 Evaluate the role of the Supreme Court in national policy making.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

34.

If a judge believes that she should only strike down laws that clearly violate the Constitution, she likely believes in which of the following? a. judicial activism

130 ..

b. original intent c. strict constructionism d. judicial restraint Answer: d Topic: How Does the Supreme Court Make Decisions?

Learning Objective: 9.4 Outline the process by which the Supreme Court makes decisions and the factors that influence judicial decision making.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 35.

The conference of the U.S. Supreme Court is __________. a. limited to the justices and other court staff b. limited to the justices themselves c. open to the justices and the public d. open to the justices and the media

36.

Answer: b Topic: How Does the Supreme Court Make Decisions?

Learning Objective: 9.4 Outline the process by which the Supreme Court makes decisions and the factors that influence judicial decision making.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate Senators who are not members of the president’s political party frequently object to judicial nominations on the basis of ______. a. senatorial courtesy b. party principles c. advice and consent d. the “blue slip” process Answer: b Topic: How Are Federal Court Judges Selected?

Learning Objective: 9.3 Outline the criteria for nominating and the process of approving federal judges and Supreme Court justices.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

37.

______ is the process by which presidents allow a senator who is a member of their own party and is from the state in which a judicial vacancy occurs to block a nomination. a. Judicial review b. Advice and consent c. Senatorial courtesy d. Life tenure Answer: c Topic: How Are Federal Court Judges Selected?

131 ..

Learning Objective: 9.3 Outline the criteria for nominating and the process of approving federal judges and Supreme Court justices.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate 38.

Which president appointed the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court? a. Franklin D. Roosevelt b. John F. Kennedy c. Richard Nixon d. Ronald Reagan Answer: d Topic: How Are Federal Court Judges Selected?

Learning Objective: 9.3 Outline the criteria for nominating and the process of approving federal judges and Supreme Court justices.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

39.

The Warren Court decided a number of cases that broadly influenced ______. a. civil and political rights b. the right to privacy c. regulation of economic activity d. the rights of the LGBT community Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Much Power Does the Court Have in Policy Making?

Learning Objective: 9.5 Evaluate the role of the Supreme Court in national policy making.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

40.

Stare decisis refers to ______. a. the Supreme Court’s role in interpreting the Constitution b. the increase in litigation in the modern United States c. the Supreme Court’s reliance on precedent to formulate decisions in new cases d. the fact that Supreme Court decisions are binding throughout the nation Answer: c Topic: What Is the Structure of the Federal Court System?

Learning Objective: 9.2 Describe the structure of the federal judiciary.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate

41.

The Rehnquist Court’s decisions related to federalism highlighted the Court’s ability to ______.

132 ..

a. referee conflicts between the federal government and the states b. reverse the president’s executive actions c. expand the right to personal privacy d. protect the rights of minority groups Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Much Power Does the Court Have in Policy Making?

Learning Objective: 9.5 Evaluate the role of the Supreme Court in national policy making.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 42.

Examples of legislative courts include ______. a. the U.S. Supreme Court b. federal courts of appeals c. trial courts d. the U.S. Tax Court Answer: d Topic: What Is the Structure of the Federal Court System?

Learning Objective: 9.2 Describe the structure of the federal judiciary.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

43.

A legal case involving a treaty between the United States and another nation falls under the jurisdiction of ______. a. trial courts b. state courts c. federal district courts d. the Supreme Court Answer: c Topic: What Is the Structure of the Federal Court System?

Learning Objective: 9.2 Describe the structure of the federal judiciary.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

44.

Oral arguments in the Supreme Court are made available to the public through which of the following media? a. They are livestreamed for viewing on the Internet. b. The Court allows the release of same-day audio recordings of these arguments. c. They are televised live but are not recorded for later viewing. d. Transcripts are available after the case is decided.

Answer: b Topic: How Does the Supreme Court Make Decisions?

133 ..

Learning Objective: 9.4 Outline the process by which the Supreme Court makes decisions and the factors that influence judicial decision making.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 45.

Since the mid-1980s, the number of cases filed with the Supreme Court has ______. a. increased steadily b. increased dramatically through the early 2000s, then declined c. remained about the same from year to year d. decreased significantly Answer: d Topic: How Does the Supreme Court Make Decisions?

Learning Objective: 9.4 Outline the process by which the Supreme Court makes decisions and the factors that influence judicial decision making.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

134 ..

Chapter 10: Public Opinion and Political Socialization Multiple-Choice Questions

1.

Who is considered the founder of modern-day polling? a. George Gallup b. Alfred M. Landon c. Walter Lippmann d. John Zogby Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of Public Opinion Research?

Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the beginnings of public opinion research.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

2.

Due to its 1.59 percent sampling error, the _____ is considered the most reliable of all polls. a. ANES survey b. exit poll c. push poll d. American Trends Panel Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of Public Opinion Research?

Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the beginnings of public research polling.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

3.

Since 1952, researchers have conducted and analyzed the __________ to assess the political attitudes and behavior of the American electorate. a. World Values Survey b. Gallup Poll Predictions c. Nolan Chart d. American National Election Studies Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of Public Opinion Research?

Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the beginnings of public research polling.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

135 ..

Difficulty Level: Easy 4.

Tracking polls help candidates __________. a. encourage voter turnout b. win support among undecided voters c. measure the impact of their campaign d. find campaign volunteers Answer: c Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

5.

________ is an unintended influence of the questioner on respondents during in-person interviews. a. question bias b. the margin of error c. interviewer bias d. self-selection Answer: c Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2: Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

6.

Which is a shortcoming of limited respondent options? a. Polls measure only elite opinion. b. Polls are unable to measure the intensity of feelings about issues. c. Polls have no scientific credibility. d. Polls are undemocratic.

Answer: b Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

7.

The __________ is a measure of the accuracy of a public opinion poll.

136 ..

a. margin of error b. modal response c. sample size d. standard deviation Answer: a Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 8.

“Feeling thermometer” questions ask respondents to respond to questions using a scale of 0 to 100. Why would a polling agency use such a measure? a. to determine the public’s approval or disapproval of a particular issue b. to obtain a simple yes or no response about a particular issue c. to better gauge variations in public opinion or feeling about a particular issue d. to compute degree-of-affinity statistics Answer: c Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

9.

Americans often have difficulty forming opinions about foreign policy and tend to be more interested in domestic policy. This is because they view foreign policy as _____. a. too caught up in moral gray areas b. lacking a personal impact on their daily lives c. too caught up in political jargon d. lacking relevance to national security Answer: b Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

10.

On which two key dimensions does the Nolan Chart help to classify citizens’ political ideologies? a. economic freedom and personal freedom b. personal freedom and nationalism c. economic freedom and religion d. personal freedom and party loyalty

137 ..

Answer: a Topic: What Is Political Ideology?

Learning Objective: 10.3 Define and assess the influence of political ideology on political attitudes and behaviors.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 11.

The American ideals of hard work and personal responsibility are widely considered to be rooted in America’s __________. a. emphasis on economic and social equality b. communitarian instincts c. two-party system d. Protestant heritage Answer: d Topic: How Are Political Opinions Formed?

Learning Objective: 10.4 Explain how the agents of socialization influence the development of political attitudes.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

12.

When is a child’s peer group most politically influential? a. before preschool b. during kindergarten c. at the start of elementary school d. upon entering middle or high school Answer: d Topic: How Are Political Opinions Formed?

Learning Objective: 10.4 Explain how the agents of socialization influence the development of political attitudes.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

13.

According to Andrew Kohut, founding director of the Pew Research Center, why has the public played a more important role in national and international politics over the past three decades? a. the sophistication of modern polling techniques b. the rise in the number of public opinion polls c. the advent of the Internet d. the speed with which computers can process election data Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: What Are the Effects of Public Opinion on Politics?

Learning Objective: 10.5 Evaluate the effects of public opinion on policy making.

Skill Level: Analyze It

138 ..

Difficulty Level: Difficult 14.

Which of the following demographic factors is considered exceptionally important in the study of public opinion and in keeping related issues in the foreground of the public agenda? a. gender b. race and ethnicity c. age d. religion Answer: b Topic: How Are Political Opinions Formed?

Learning Objective: 10.4 Explain how the agents of socialization influence the development of political attitudes.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

15.

Which of the following statements about the 1936 Literary Digest poll that predicted Roosevelt’s reelection defeat is true? a. The poll oversampled the upper middle class and the wealthy. b. The poll oversampled groups heavily Democratic in orientation. c. The poll excluded owners of automobiles and telephones. d. The poll oversampled middle-class voters who owned telephones.

Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of Public Opinion Research?

Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the beginnings of public opinion research.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

16.

In the context of public opinion polls, what is self-selection? a. a reference to the timing of public opinion polls that may skew survey results b. a reference to the ability of respondents to decide whether to participate in surveys c. a reference to long-term studies of the electorate invalidated by short-term biases d. a reference to short-term studies of the electorate invalidated by long-term biases Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of Public Opinion Research?

Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the beginnings of public opinion.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

17.

What is the purpose of a “name recognition survey”? a. to discover how a better-known candidate contemplating a run for office might fare against an incumbent

139 ..

b. to discover how a local officeholder has affected the electoral climate c. to discover how many people have heard of a potential candidate d. to gauge how negatively the public views a potential third-party candidate Answer: c Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy 18.

A pollster fails to survey the opinions of the poor and the homeless, which results in a survey error known as a(n) _____. a. sampling error b. margin of error c. error of limited response d. informational error Answer: a Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

19.

How are exit polls conducted? a. over the telephone b. on the Internet c. through the mail d. in person Answer: d Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

20.

Which topic is more likely than the others to be subject to a screening procedure in a public opinion poll? a. crime prevention b. illegal drug use c. the federal budget d. health care

140 ..

Answer: c Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 21.

Political socialization is the process through which individuals _____. a. select themselves to participate in public opinion polls b. acquire status as opinion leaders c. seek out the beliefs and values of those in office d. acquire their political beliefs and values Answer: d Topic: How Are Political Opinions Formed?

Learning Objective: 10.4 Explain how the agents of socialization influence the development of political attitudes.

Skill Level: Understand the Concept Difficulty Level: Moderate

22.

Parents or caregivers exercise the greatest influence on the political socialization of their children during which age range? a. from birth to age five b. from age five to age ten c. from age ten to age fourteen d. from age fourteen onward Answer: a Topic: How Are Political Opinions Formed?

Learning Objective: 10.4 Explain how the agents of socialization influence the development of political attitudes.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

23.

Which of the following statements best describes the interaction between public opinion and public policy in the United States? a. Public opinion can affect policy. b. Public opinion can only affect short-term policy. c. Public opinion only affects policy during national crises. d. Public opinion has no discernible effect on policy.

Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: What Are the Effects of Public Opinion on Politics?

Learning Objective: 10.5 Evaluate the effects of public opinion on policy making.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

141 ..

Difficulty Level: Moderate 24.

In 1948, the Chicago Daily Tribune wrongly predicted that Republican Thomas E. Dewey would beat incumbent President Harry S. Truman. Knowing what you know about the accuracy of various polls, what kind of poll would most likely have led the Tribune to make this erroneous prediction? a. an exit poll b. a push poll c. a random-digit dialing poll d. a straw poll Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of Public Opinion Research?

Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the beginnings of public opinion.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

25.

In which of the following scenarios have Gallup’s predictions been the least accurate? a. when predictions first began in the 1930s b. in the presence of a prominent third-party candidate c. during economic crises d. when the incumbent politician is seeking reelection Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of Public Opinion Research?

Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the beginnings of public opinion.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

26.

A polling firm has been commissioned by the New York Times to assess public opinion about the performance of FEMA (the Federal Emergency Management Agency) during the California wildfires. What should the firm do first? a. determine the population b. determine potential survey error c. contact respondents d. track the poll Answer: a Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

27.

Which of the following questions would most likely be found on a push poll?

142 ..

a. Are you familiar with Candidate X’s voting record on tax subsidies for energy producers? b. Would you approve or disapprove of the job that Candidate X is doing if you knew that she never even reads the legislation before voting to spend your tax dollars? c. Do you plan to vote for Candidate X for the House of Representatives this November? d. Do you approve or disapprove of the job that Candidate X is doing?

Answer: b Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult 28.

To determine whether families with children would use school vouchers to send their children to charter schools, from which of the following populations should you select a sample? a. school-age children under age 18 b. residents in the school district c. advocates of school vouchers d. parents or caregivers of children under age 18 Answer: d Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

29.

In a random sample of 1,000 high school students, 29 percent indicated that they had read the Declaration of Independence at least once, with a margin of error of 4 percent. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true? a. It is likely that more than 33 percent of the population have read the Declaration of Independence. b. It is likely that fewer than 25 percent of the population have read the Declaration of Independence. c. It is likely that between 25 and 33 percent of the population have read the Declaration of Independence. d. It is likely that 29 percent of the population has read the Declaration of Independence with a four percent chance that the survey results could be incorrect.

Answer: c Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

143 ..

30.

As a pollster for Smart Polling, you are concerned about gauging the public’s attitudes about arms-control policy. You believe that the public not only has little information on this complex topic, but also has thought little about it. What procedure might you implement to increase the accuracy of your polling data? a. a screening procedure b. a grading procedure c. a tracking procedure d. a sampling procedure Answer: a Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

31.

Based on research conducted by the Pew Research Center, which of the following statements most accurately represents the difference in political opinion between men and women? a. Men are more likely to think that labor unions are necessary to protect the rights of workers. b. Men are more likely to favor military intervention to ensure peace. c. Women are less likely to equate melting Arctic icecaps to global climate change. d. Women are less likely to support same-sex marriage.

Answer: b Topic: How Are Political Opinions Formed?

Learning Objective: 10.4 Explain how the agents of socialization influence the development of political attitudes.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

32.

A decrease in political knowledge will likely cause __________. a. a decrease in support for particular candidates b. a decrease in political participation c. an increase in the likelihood that someone will participate in a political campaign d. an increase in the likelihood that someone will vote Answer: b Topic: How Are Political Opinions Formed?

Learning Objective: 10.4 Explain how the agents of socialization influence the development of political attitudes.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

144 ..

33.

During his campaign for reelection in 2012, Barack Obama deemphasized his work on health care reform. Which of the following reasons is the most plausible explanation for this decision, given what you know about the interaction between public opinion, policy, and politics? a. His campaign did not want to focus on an issue that had deep divisions in public opinion. b. His campaign wanted to focus on the improvements in unemployment instead. c. The public is generally much less concerned about domestic issues than they are about foreign policy issues. d. Very few Americans held opinions about health care reform because it did not directly affect them.

Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: What Are the Effects of Public Opinion on Politics?

Learning Objective: 10.5: Evaluate the effects of public opinion on policy making.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

34.

A belief that George Gallup held, which remains commonplace today, is that _____. a. the public should be surveyed only when the relative importance of an issue is high b. leaders should have an appraisal of public opinion and consider it in reaching their decisions c. straw polls should be used to gauge public opinion d. pollsters should expect a high degree of consistency in citizens’ day-to-day political views Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of Public Opinion Research?

Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the beginnings of public opinion research.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

35.

Citizen A will be voting for presidential Candidate X because that candidate believes the government must further moral teachings in school. Citizen A is most likely a _____. a. moderate b. social conservative c. libertarian d. statist Answer: b Topic: What Is Political Ideology?

Learning Objective: 10.3 Define and assess the influence of political ideology on political attitudes and behaviors.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

36.

Why have American National Election Studies (ANES) researchers conducted surveys before and after every midterm and presidential election since 1952?

145 ..

a. to compile long-term studies of the electorate b. to increase voter participation c. to safeguard elections from manipulation by political consultants d. to clarify options for undecided voters Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of Public Opinion Research?

Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the beginnings of public opinion research.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 37.

What is the difference between random sampling and stratified sampling? a. Stratified sampling combines random selection with predetermined weighting of a population’s demographic characteristics. b. Stratified sampling gives each member of a targeted population the same probability of being polled, whereas simple random sampling does not. c. Random sampling incorporates random selection into the polling procedure, whereas stratified sampling allows for self-selection. d. Stratified sampling relies on techniques to minimize bias, whereas simple random sampling does not.

Answer: a Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

38.

Web polls that allow anyone to weigh in on a topic are a type of __________ poll. a. exit b. scientific c. tracking d. straw Answer: d Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

39.

Citizen X has volunteered to be a poll worker for his county to ensure that Election Day runs smoothly. He has also taken to social media to encourage voter registration. Which of the four functions that political scientists attribute to political ideologies has guided this citizen’s political actions?

146 ..

a. orientation b. explanation c. political program d. evaluation Answer: c Topic: What Is Political Ideology?

Learning Objective: 10.3 Define and assess the influence of political ideology on political attitudes and behaviors.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 40.

Americans are likely to have the most difficulty forming opinions on which of the following topics? a. topics involving jobs and unemployment b. topics involving tax deductions for home mortgages c. topics involving the European Central Bank and creditor nations d. topics involving single-payer health care mandates Answer: c Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion questions.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

41.

What opinion of a Democratic president would you expect an eleven-year-old child raised in a politically active Republican household to have? a. indifference toward the president b. approval of the president c. skepticism of the president d. trust of the president Answer: c Topic: How Are Political Opinions Formed?

Learning Objective: 10.4 Explain how the agents of socialization influence the development of political attitudes.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

42.

Nineteenth-century social thinkers failed to predict the importance of which of the following factors in shaping human history? a. developments in science and technology b. increases in human longevity c. explosions of nationalism, racism, and religious bigotry

147 ..

d. increase in receptivity to moderate political philosophies Answer: c Topic: What Is Political Ideology?

Learning Objective: 10.3 Define and assess the influence of political ideology on political attitudes and behaviors.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate 43.

Those who hold a statist ideology favor which of the following roles for government? a. active involvement in regulating the economy, but not in matters of personal belief b. active involvement in regulating both personal and economic liberties c. regulation of acceptable religious and philosophical views, but a laissez-faire approach to the economy d. an interventionist role in foreign policy Answer: b Topic: What Is Political Ideology?

Learning Objective: 10.3 Define and assess the influence of political ideology on political attitudes and behaviors.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Difficult

44.

Political conservatives tend to favor which of the following? a. local and state action over federal intervention b. public-sector programs over private-sector programs to address societal problems c. a leading role for government in regulating the economy d. individual freedom in sexual and social behavior Answer: a Topic: What Is Political Ideology?

Learning Objective: 10.3 Define and assess the influence of political ideology on political attitudes and behaviors.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

45.

Which of the following tools of public opinion polling has become more difficult to use in recent years? a. computerized robocall technology b. statistical software c. the Internet and social media d. phone call surveys Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: What Are the Effects of Public Opinion on Politics?

148 ..

Learning Objective: 10.5 Evaluate the effects of public opinion on policy making.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 46.

A potentially dangerous consequence of obtaining large amounts of polling data is that ______. a. public skepticism is likely to lead policy makers to ignore valuable polling data b. constant reports of polling results intensify the horse-race atmosphere of a campaign c. the Internet has made polling tools increasingly unreliable d. policy makers are less well informed than the general public about polling data Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: What Are the Effects of Public Opinion on Politics?

Learning Objective: 10.5 Evaluate the effects of public opinion on policy making.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

47.

The first national presidential polling was done by which popular magazine? a. Reader’s Digest b. Time c. Literary Digest d. Saturday Evening Post Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of Public Opinion Research?

Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the beginnings of public opinion research.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

48.

Which of the following is the most rigorous polling technique? a. stratified sampling b. random sampling c. telephone interviewing d. push polling Answer: a Topic: How Are Public Opinion Polls Conducted and Analyzed?

Learning Objective: 10.2 Describe the methods for conducting and analyzing different types of public opinion polls.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

49.

After age five, a child’s ______ become(s) an increasingly important influence on political socialization. a. siblings

149 ..

b. teachers c. religious leaders d. peer group Answer: d Topic: How Are Political Opinions Formed?

Learning Objective: 10.4 Explain how the agents of socialization influence the development of political attitudes.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

150 ..

Chapter 11: Political Parties Multiple-Choice Questions

1.

One of the activities that political parties engage in is __________. a. dividing the electorate b. narrowing voter choice c. recruiting candidates to run for office d. reducing accountability mechanisms Answer: c Topic: What Are the Activities of American Political Parties?

Learning Objective: 11.3 Identify the functions of political parties.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

2.

What are some of the major barriers to minor-party political success? a. political polarization, campaign finance rules, and union shop laws b. the winner-take-all system, public financing rules, and the Electoral College system c. constitutional restrictions, voter perceptions, and the secret ballot d. unpopular policies, voter identification laws, and constitutional restrictions Answer: b Topic: How Do Minor Parties Affect the American Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.5 Evaluate the role of minor parties in the U.S. electoral system.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

3.

In what way do minor parties make a significant contribution to the political system? a. They frequently win elections in crucial swing states. b. They simplify citizens’ choices on Election Day. c. They draft most legislation that is eventually enacted by one of the major parties. d. They incorporate new ideas or alienated groups and nominate attractive candidates.

Answer: d Topic: How Do Minor Parties Affect the American Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.5 Evaluate the role of minor parties in the U.S. electoral system.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

4.

Which of the following is a minor party that was formed to oppose desegregation?

151 ..

a. the American Independent Party b. the Green Party c. the Free Soil Party d. the Bull Moose Party Answer: a Topic: How Do Minor Parties Affect the American Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.5 Evaluate the role of minor parties in the U.S. electoral system.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 5.

A party realignment is typically preceded by __________. a. a caucus b. censure c. a critical election d. an economic crisis Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.1 Trace the evolution of political parties.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

6.

Which of the following most accurately describes the Era of Good Feelings? a. a time of little political disagreement given the absence of the traditional two parties b. a time of intense factional fighting within the lone political party c. a time of great political strife between two opposing national parties d. a time of ideological accord between the two political parties Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.1 Trace the evolution of political parties.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy

7.

Which factor largely accounts for the failure of the U.S. electoral system to produce a third party that rivals the Democrats and Republicans? a. multi-member districts and a proportional voting system b. single-member districts and a nonpartisan blanket primary system c. multi-member districts and a plurality election system d. single-member districts and a plurality election system Answer: d Topic: How Do Minor Parties Affect the American Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.5 Evaluate the role of minor parties in the U.S. electoral system.

152 ..

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 8.

A __________ is an institutional collection of policy-oriented researchers and academics who are sources of policy ideas. a. caucus b. convention c. political machine d. think tank Answer: d Topic: How Are American Political Parties Organized?

Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe the structure of political parties at the national, state, and local levels.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

9.

Modern national party conventions serve what end? a. They give the assembled delegates an opportunity to display their future political potential. b. They mobilize supporters and engage more casual observers. c. They deliberate on the party’s choices for presidential and vice presidential nominees. d. They hold elections to determine new party leaders.

Answer: b Topic: How Are American Political Parties Organized?

Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe the structure of political parties at the national, state, and local levels.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

10.

A gradual shift in party coalitions that is based more on demographic shifts than on shocks to the political system is known as a __________ realignment. a. secular b. critical c. party d. piecemeal Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of the Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.1 Trace the evolution of political parties.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

11.

Members of which of the following groups are most likely to prefer the Democratic Party?

153 ..

a. Jews b. White Protestants c. moderates d. men Answer: a Topic: What Determines Party Identification?

Learning Objective: 11.4 Describe the forces that create and shape party identification.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 12.

What institutional feature of U.S. politics hinders the success of minor parties? a. the separation of powers system b. the Electoral College c. multi-member districts d. proportional representation Answer: b Topic: How Do Minor Parties Affect the American Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.5 Evaluate the role of minor parties in the U.S. electoral system.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

13.

What is considered the party in the electorate? a. party officers who seek to educate the public on key party stances b. public officials who are registered with a political party c. voters active in the business of the party d. voters who consider themselves associated with the party Answer: d Topic: What Determines Party Identification?

Learning Objective: 11.4 Describe the forces that create and shape party identification.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

14.

Which of the following is a prominent feature of the modern era of political parties? a. bipartisanship b. candidate-centered politics c. “smoke-filled rooms” d. political machines Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.1 Trace the evolution of political parties.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

154 ..

Difficulty Level: Moderate 15.

Which of the following years was a critical election? a. 1806 b. 1914 c. 1932 d. 1975 Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.1 Trace the evolution of political parties.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

16.

The years 1876 to 1900 had __________. a. one-party Republican dominance b. one-party Democratic dominance c. candidate-centered politics d. high levels of voter turnout Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.1 Trace the evolution of political parties.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

17.

In the past few years, party-line voting in Congress has __________. a. remained about the same b. increased in some years and decreased in others c. increased noticeably d. decreased noticeably Answer: c Topic: What Are the Activities of American Political Parties?

Learning Objective: 11.3 Identify the functions of political parties.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

18.

The __________ is the formal governing body of both major parties. a. national party assembly b. national party committee c. national party delegation d. national party legislature

155 ..

Answer: b Topic: How Are American Political Parties Organized?

Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe the structure of political parties at the national, state, and local levels.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 19.

How does a citizen typically become a delegate to a national party convention? a. appointment by the governor b. selection by political party leaders c. selection by citizens in primaries and caucuses d. by donating enough money to the party or candidate Answer: c Topic: How Are American Political Parties Organized?

Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe the structure of political parties at the national, state, and local levels.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

20.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the ideological distribution of members of Congress? a. The parties are increasingly polarized, with Democrats moving further to the left than Republicans are moving to the right. b. The parties are increasingly polarized, with Republicans moving further to the right than Democrats are moving to the left. c. The parties are becoming increasingly nonpolarized, with both the Democrats and Republicans moving closer to centrist beliefs and values. d. Despite common belief that the parties are becoming increasingly polarized, there is no evidence to support this theory.

Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: United or Divided?

Learning Objective: 11.6 Assess the reasons for the persistence of the two-party system in American politics.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

21.

The Democratic National Committee and the Republican National Committee focus on __________. a. aiding presidential campaigns and conducting general party-building activities b. aiding congressional campaigns and writing a focused party platform c. winning more seats in Congress and engaging in media outreach d. conducting oversight of state parties and running primary elections

156 ..

Answer: a Topic: How Are American Political Parties Organized?

Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe the structure of political parties at the national, state, and local levels.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 22.

The Missouri Plan suggests that state court judges should __________. a. be appointed by a nonpartisan nomination commission b. be appointed by the state governor c. run for election as party candidates d. run for election with no party affiliation Answer: a Topic: What Are the Activities of American Political Parties?

Learning Objective: 11.3 Identify the functions of political parties.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

23.

Which party entity has the responsibility of establishing a cohesive vision for partisan identifiers nationwide? a. the delegates b. the primary election c. the national committee d. the party caucus Answer: c Topic: How Are American Political Parties Organized?

Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe the structure of political parties at the national, state, and local levels.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

24.

What issue led to the dissolution of the Whig Party? a. federal taxation b. the Mexican-American War c. post–Civil War Reconstruction d. slavery Answer: d Topic: What Are The Roots of the Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.1 Trace the evolution of political parties.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

157 ..

25.

When can a party officially change its platform? a. after a federal census b. at the start of each fiscal year c. during the national party convention d. every two years Answer: c Topic: What Are the Activities of American Political Parties?

Learning Objective: 11.3 Identify the functions of political parties.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

26.

A critical election is typically associated with __________. a. dealignment b. party realignment c. political consolidation d. secular realignment Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.1 Trace the evolution of political parties.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

27.

Who was the first chief executive to win the White House as the nominee of a truly national, popularly based political party? a. John Adams b. Henry Clay c. Benjamin Franklin d. Andrew Jackson Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.1 Trace the evolution of political parties.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

28.

The national parties have set restrictions about how states select __________. a. state party chairs b. election monitors c. delegates to the national convention d. the precincts to target in get-out-the-vote efforts Answer: c

158 ..

Topic: How Are American Political Parties Organized?

Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe the structure of political parties at the national, state, and local levels.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 29.

The decrease in the number of __________ has been identified as one cause of increasing polarization. a. East Coast liberal Democrats b. Midwestern independents c. northern liberal Republicans d. southern conservative Republicans Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: United or Divided?

Learning Objective: 11.6 Assess the reasons for the persistence of the two-party system in American politics.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

30.

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, political machines provided __________ to many voters. a. economic equality b. over half of the nation’s alcohol c. nonpartisan advice about politics d. housing, employment, and food Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.1 Trace the evolution of political parties.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

31.

State legislators rely more on their state and local parties for election assistance than do their congressional counterparts because __________. a. state legislators are not able to make campaign-related decisions on their own b. state legislators base their main talking points directly on state and local public policy c. members of Congress do not like to make visits to their home states d. members of Congress have greater access to funds and other campaign resources from other sources Answer: d Topic: What Are the Activities of American Political Parties?

Learning Objective: 11.3 Identify the functions of political parties.

Skill Level: Analyze It

159 ..

Difficulty Level: Difficult 32.

Proponents of a government that includes a greater role for minor parties might suggest that the United States consider a system of __________ like that used in many European countries. a. delegate elections b. multi-party national conventions c. nonpartisan elections d. proportional representation Answer: d Topic: How Do Minor Parties Affect the American Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.5 Evaluate the role of minor parties in the U.S. electoral system.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

33.

Which of the following voter profiles most strongly suggests that an individual will identify with the Democratic Party? a. Asian, male, evangelical Christian b. Black, female, from the Northeast c. college-educated, male, from the South d. senior citizen, male, annual income over $75,000 Answer: b Topic: What Determines Party Identification?

Learning Objective: 11.4 Describe the forces that create and shape party identification.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

34.

Which of the following voter profiles most strongly suggests that an individual will identify with the Republican Party? a. Hispanic, female, Catholic b. Protestant, male, annual income over $75,000 c. senior citizen, Jewish, from the Midwest d. White, Catholic, from the Northeast Answer: b Topic: What Determines Party Identification?

Learning Objective: 11.4 Describe the forces that create and shape party identification.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

35.

Members of which of the following demographic groups are most likely to identify with the Democratic Party? a. women

160 ..

b. Catholics c. Hispanics d. Protestants Answer: a Topic: What Determines Party Identification?

Learning Objective: 11.4 Describe the forces that create and shape party identification.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 36.

Congress is now more polarized than at any time since ______. a. the end of Reconstruction b. the turn of the twentieth century c. the beginning of the Great Depression d. the end of the Cold War Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: United or Divided?

Learning Objective: 11.6 Assess the reasons for the persistence of the two-party system in American politics.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

37.

How is the winner determined in a Single Non-Transferable Vote electoral system? a. The candidate who receives the most votes in the electoral district wins the seat. b. Voters cast a single vote in a multi-member district, and the candidates with the highest vote totals are declared elected. c. The percentage of legislative seats reflects the percentage of votes each party or candidate received. d. To be declared the winner, a candidate must win a majority (50 percent +1) of the votes.

Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: United or Divided?

Learning Objective: 11.6 Assess the reasons for the persistence of the two-party system in American politics.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

38.

What proportion of the campaign promises of the losing presidential party are typically implemented in public policy? a. less than 10 percent b. about one-third c. one-half or more d. about three-quarters

161 ..

Answer: c Topic: What Are the Activities of American Political Parties?

Learning Objective: 11.3 Identify the functions of political parties.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate 39.

In 2020, both the Democratic and Republican party platforms supported which of the following? a. universal preschool b. an isolationist foreign policy c. an increase in defense spending d. ending previous cuts to defense spending enacted by Congress Answer: d Topic: What Are the Activities of American Political Parties?

Learning Objective: 11.3 Identify the functions of political parties.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

40.

Approximately ______ percent of voters describe themselves as having no partisan leaning. a. 10 b. 35 c. 50 d. 80 Answer: a Topic: What Determines Party Identification?

Learning Objective: 11.4 Describe the forces that create and shape party identification.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

41.

Scholars first observed a significant gender gap in voting patterns in the presidential election of ______. a. 1924 b. 1952 c. 1960 d. 1980 Answer: d Topic: What Determines Party Identification?

Learning Objective: 11.4 Describe the forces that create and shape party identification.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

42.

Which of the following is a characteristic of social movements that evolve into political parties?

162 ..

a. They are led by an unsuccessful presidential candidate. b. They receive attention from the popular media. c. They have the support of political elites. d. They have the support of younger voters.

Answer: c Topic: How Do Minor Parties Affect the American Two-Party System?

Learning Objective: 11.5 Evaluate the role of minor parties in the U.S. electoral system.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

163 ..

Chapter 12: Campaigns, Elections, and Voting Multiple-Choice Questions

1.

Election winners often believe that they have a command to carry out a party platform or policy agenda, otherwise known as a(n) ______. a. dictate b. consensus c. initiative d. mandate Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

2.

Which of the following is the process by which citizens propose legislation or constitutional amendments through the petition process followed by a popular vote? a. a gerrymander b. an initiative c. a mandate d. a referendum Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

3.

A majority vote of which of the following selects the president of the United States? a. popular vote b. Electoral College c. House of Representatives d. Senate Answer: b

164 ..

Topic: What Are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy 4.

The Electoral College system favors __________. a. centrists b. urban areas c. small states d. third parties Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: Mending the Electoral Process Learning Objective: 12.5 Evaluate concerns with the electoral process and proposed reforms to address them.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

5.

The overall media strategy of a campaign is usually coordinated by a ______. a. campaign manager b. press secretary c. candidate d. communications director Answer: d Topic: How Do Candidates Run for Office and Reach Voters?

Learning Objective: 12.2 Outline how campaigns are organized, and evaluate methods for reaching voters.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

6.

Boycotting and picketing are examples of __________. a. illegal political participation b. civil disobedience c. radical political participation d. political activism Answer: d Topic: What Are the Patterns in Voter Turnout and Choice?

Learning Objective: 12.4 Analyze the factors that influence voter turnout and voter choice.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

7.

Which of the following is a criticism of early voting?

165 ..

a. It allows for more special interest influence. b. It decreases the importance of campaigns. c. It increases the potential for voter fraud. d. It costs significantly more money to run elections.

Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: Mending the Electoral Process Learning Objective: 12.5 Evaluate concerns with the electoral process and proposed reforms to address them.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

8.

How can redistricting threaten incumbent members of Congress? a. It can alter district-based funds from special interest groups. b. It can shift incumbents into a caucus district. c. It can add voters from an area that is less supportive of an incumbent’s party. d. It increases the probability of a strong third-party challenger.

Answer: c Topic: What are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

9.

Roughly what percentage of Americans vote in presidential elections? a. 20 percent b. 35 percent c. 55 percent d. 70 percent Answer: c Topic: What Are the Patterns in Voter Turnout and Choice?

Learning Objective: 12.4 Analyze the factors that influence voter turnout and voter choice.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

10.

Voters who select a candidate based on the candidate’s policy promises are making what kinds of judgments? a. conventional b. unconventional c. prospective d. retrospective

166 ..

Answer: c Topic: What Are the Patterns in Voter Turnout and Choice?

Learning Objective: 12.4 Analyze the factors that influence voter turnout and voter choice.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 11.

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution lowered the voting age to eighteen? a. Thirteenth b. Fifteenth c. Nineteenth d. Twenty-Sixth Answer: d Topic: What Are the Patterns in Voter Turnout and Choice?

Learning Objective: 12.4 Analyze the factors that influence voter turnout and voter choice.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

12.

What act was enacted after the 2000 election to assist states with upgrading their voting equipment? a. Help America Vote Act b. Management of Elections Act c. Restore Elections Act d. Protect Democracy Act Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: Mending the Electoral Process Learning Objective: 12.5 Evaluate concerns with the electoral process and proposed reforms to address them.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

13.

The Federal Election Campaign Act was one response to the ______. a. Watergate scandal b. Vietnam war c. Taft-Hartley Act d. creation of the Federal Election Commission Answer: a Topic: How Are Elections Influenced by Campaign Finance and Reform?

Learning Objective: 12.3 Evaluate the influence of money in elections and the main approaches to campaign finance reform.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

167 ..

14.

According to political scientists, which of the following has historically been the most effective at mobilizing the American voter? a. family and friends b. television advertisements c. political parties d. voter registration drives Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: Mending the Electoral Process Learning Objective: 12.5 Evaluate concerns with the electoral process and proposed reforms to address them.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

15.

Citizens United v. FEC and McCutcheon v. FEC both ______. a. treated corporations as individuals b. favored Democrats over Republicans c. equated money with speech d. strengthened campaign finance law Answer: c Topic: How Are Elections Influenced by Campaign Finance and Reform?

Learning Objective: 12.3 Evaluate the influence of money in elections and the main approaches to campaign finance reform.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

16.

The correlation between income and voting ______. a. differs among liberal and conservative states b. shows those with lower incomes vote Republican and higher incomes vote Democrat c. cannot really be measured by political scientists d. shows those with the highest incomes and lowest incomes tend to vote for Democrats Answer: a Topic: What Are the Patterns in Voter Turnout and Choice?

Learning Objective: 12.4 Analyze the factors that influence voter turnout and voter choice.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

17.

How many electoral votes are needed to be elected president? a. 210 b. 270 c. 335

168 ..

d. 538 Answer: b Topic: What are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 18.

Democrats no longer use the winner-take-all primary because they believe it ______. a. cost too much to implement b. increased the influence of special interests c. was generally less representative d. made the nomination process too lengthy Answer: c Topic: What are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

19.

A registered Republican can crossover vote for a Democratic presidential candidate in what type of primary? a. runoff b. closed c. crossover d. open Answer: d Topic: What are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Easy

20.

Runoff primaries __________. a. are unconstitutional b. guarantee a nominee must win with a majority vote c. favor third party candidates over traditional party candidates d. politicize primaries Answer: b Topic: What are the Roots of American Elections?

169 ..

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 21.

The first televised presidential debate was between ______. a. Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter b. Adlai Stevenson and Dwight Eisenhower c. Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan d. Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy Answer: d Topic: How Do Candidates Run for Office and Reach Voters?

Learning Objective: 12.2 Outline how campaigns are organized, and evaluate methods for reaching voters.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate

22.

Visibility and staff support are examples of ______. a. media coverage b. the importance of polling c. the incumbency advantage d. negative attack ads Answer: c Topic: What are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

23.

Which is most likely used to describe a presidential candidate who helps members of Congress get elected? a. The president has a short mandate. b. The president has long coattails. c. The president has strong crossover appeal. d. The president is front-loading.

Answer: b Topic: What are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast congressional and presidential elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

170 ..

24.

Buckley v. Valeo ruled that politicians ______. a. cannot be limited in how much of their own money they spend on a campaign b. can coordinate directly with Super PACs c. can ask the federal government for financial support to run for office d. cannot run ads without FEC approval Answer: a Topic: How Are Elections Influenced by Campaign Finance and Reform?

Learning Objective: 12.3 Evaluate the influence of money in elections and the main approaches to campaign finance reform.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

25.

Modern American political liberals generally believe that __________. a. the government should provide social programs b. a lower tax rate stimulates the economy c. charities are more effective than government programs d. government is a necessary evil Answer: a Topic: What Are the Patterns in Voter Turnout and Choice?

Learning Objective: 12.4 Analyze the factors that influence voter turnout and voter choice.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

26.

Prospective judgment is typically based on ______. a. a candidate’s personal history b. what the candidate has done in the past c. the candidate’s ethnic background d. the candidate’s policy promises Answer: d Topic: What Are the Patterns in Voter Turnout and Choice?

Learning Objective: 12.4 Analyze the factors that influence voter turnout and voter choice.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

27.

Which of the following do some consider to be a problem with the Electoral College? a. Career politicians have a natural advantage over outsiders. b. It favors Democrats over Republicans. c. It is inconsistent with the intentions of the Framers. d. The winner of a popular vote can still fail to be elected.

Answer: d

171 ..

Topic: Political Realities: Mending the Electoral Process Learning Objective: 12.5 Evaluate concerns with the electoral process and proposed reforms to address them.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate 28.

What Electoral College practice did the Twelfth Amendment replace? a. Presidents were elected by popular vote. b. Presidents were appointed by a vote of the state legislatures. c. The president and vice president were elected by party delegates. d. The president and vice president were elected in the same election.

Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

29.

What is one reason incumbents have the advantage in elections? a. Challengers have more time to campaign than do incumbents. b. Each challenger has to petition for inclusion on the ballot, while the incumbent does not. c. Mainstream media outlets are required by law to provide free airtime to incumbents. d. Incumbents have staffers who provide services that help them win reelection.

Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

30.

The majority party in the state legislature can use which redistricting process to help defeat an incumbent of the minority party. a. It can put a cap on how much money is spent in campaigns. b. It can craft districts that pit an incumbent against another incumbent. c. It can impose term limits for unpopular candidates. d. It necessitates a new and expensive media campaign every two years.

Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

172 ..

31.

Which is a potential problem with online voting? a. security of the process b. bias in favor of young voters c. bias in favor of corporations d. inefficient vote counting Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: Mending the Electoral Process Learning Objective: 12.5 Evaluate concerns with the electoral process and proposed reforms to address them.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

32.

Which of the following proposals would most likely increase voter turnout? a. holding elections more frequently b. using earlier registration deadlines c. moving toward a system of national nominating caucuses d. turning Election Day into a national holiday Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: Mending the Electoral Process Learning Objective: 12.5 Evaluate concerns with the electoral process and proposed reforms to address them.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

33.

Which of the following places would contain citizens who are most likely to vote? a. a local employment agency b. a local senior citizens association c. a government class at the local college d. a local cultural festival Answer: b Topic: What Are the Patterns in Voter Turnout and Choice?

Learning Objective: 12.4 Analyze the factors that influence voter turnout and voter choice.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

34.

The most informed voters can be found using which of these nominating systems? a. caucus b. primary c. proportional representation d. winner-take-all

173 ..

Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult 35.

If a state legislator wanted to avoid political accountability for a controversial proposal that they wanted to see passed, they should call for a(n) ______. a. initiative b. caucus c. referendum d. recall Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contract presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

36.

Front-loading tends to benefit ______. a. self-funded candidates b. front-runners c. incumbents d. third party candidates Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: Mending the Electoral Process Learning Objective: 12.5 Evaluate concerns with the electoral process and proposed reforms to address them.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

37.

If you are competing for your party’s nomination for the U.S. House of Representatives, you must first participate in what kind of election? a. an initiative b. a caucus c. a primary d. a referendum Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of American Elections?

174 ..

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contract presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy 38.

When is the initiative process the most useful? a. when the public favors a policy that the legislature is unwilling to enact b. when removing an elected official from office c. when replacing an elected official who has resigned from office d. when trying to enact an unpopular law Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contract presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

39.

Donations to presidential campaigns from individuals are matched by the Presidential Election Campaign Fund, which is funded by ______. a. political parties b. taxpayer contributions c. political action committees d. state contributions Answer: b Topic: How Are Elections Influenced by Campaign Finance and Reform?

Learning Objective: 12.3 Evaluate the influence of money in elections and the main approaches to campaign finance reform.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

40.

Which presents the greatest threat to congressional incumbents of the president’s party? a. a presidential election year b. a midterm election after the president’s second year in office c. a midterm election after the president’s sixth year in office d. a runoff election Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

175 ..

41.

A candidate for Senate fears she may be attacked for a vote from her past that denied funding to schools. She decides to run an ad at the beginning of her campaign emphasizing her track record in supporting after-school programs.

This advertisement is an example of a(n) ______. a. contrast ad b. inoculation ad c. attack ad d. negative ad Answer: b Topic: How Do Candidates Run for Office and Reach Voters?

Learning Objective: 12.2 Outline how campaigns are organized, and evaluate methods for reaching voters.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

42.

Which of the following is true of negative advertisements? a. They tend to be run more frequently close to the day of the election. b. They enrich the information environment available to voters. c. They turn voters against the candidate or organization who made the ad. d. They are subject to different regulations than positive advertisements.

Answer: b Topic: How Do Candidates Run for Office and Reach Voters?

Learning Objective: 12.2 Outline how campaigns are organized, and evaluate methods for reaching voters.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

43.

How do elections aid democracy? a. They advance special interest agendas. b. They enhance the influence of the judiciary. c. They confer legitimacy on government. d. They limit popular sovereignty.

Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

176 ..

44.

Critics of the initiative process argue that ballot measures are often the subject of undue influence by __________. a. interest groups b. the will of the people c. newspaper editorials d. political parties Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

45.

Why would the congressional district plan be easier to implement than a national popular vote to choose the president? a. It addresses the problem of the incumbency advantage. b. It does not require a constitutional amendment. c. It minimizes the influence of special interest money. d. It reduces the number of states in play.

Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: Mending the Electoral Process Learning Objective: 12.5 Evaluate concerns with the electoral process and proposed reforms to address them.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

46.

Why has there been a growing use of recall elections in recent years? a. A new federal law mandates recall elections whenever there are accusations of wrongdoing. b. Investigative journalism has made exposing political corruption easier. c. New technology has made it easier to gather signatures and raise money. d. Politicians are generally more corrupt than they were in the past.

Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

47.

A party might be reluctant to use proportional representation primaries because they __________. a. are more difficult to schedule

177 ..

b. eliminate intraparty competition between candidates c. can lengthen the nomination process d. are more likely to lose the primary to the other party’s candidate Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of American Elections?

Learning Objective: 12.1 Compare and contrast presidential and congressional elections, and explain the incumbency advantage.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 48.

The ______ is the overall coordinator of a campaign at the state and national levels. a. finance chair b. communications director c. campaign manager d. policy director Answer: c Topic: How Do Candidates Run for Office and Reach Voters?

Learning Objective: 12.2 Outline how campaigns are organized, and evaluate methods for reaching voters.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

49.

Campaign consultants first became involved in election campaigns during which decade? a. 1890s b. 1930s c. 1980s d. 2000s Answer: b Topic: How Do Candidates Run for Office and Reach Voters?

Learning Objective: 12.2 Outline how campaigns are organized, and evaluate methods for reaching voters.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

50.

The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 was designed to end the use of ______ in federal elections. a. private fundraising b. “soft money” c. contributions from political parties d. candidates’ personal funds Answer: b

178 ..

Topic: How Are Elections Influenced by Campaign Finance and Reform?

Learning Objective: 12.3 Evaluate the influence of money in elections and the main approaches to campaign finance reform.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate 51.

The Supreme Court decision in McCutcheon v. FEC (2014) removed limits on individuals’ contributions to ______. a. all candidates, political action committees, and parties combined in a single election cycle b. an individual candidate c. a political party’s national committee d. a political action committee Answer: a Topic: How Are Elections Influenced by Campaign Finance and Reform?

Learning Objective: 12.3 Evaluate the influence of money in elections and the main approaches to campaign finance reform.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

52.

The strongest predictor of an individual’s vote choice is ______. a. gender b. race or ethnicity c. level of interest in government and public affairs d. party identification Answer: d Topic: What Are the Patterns in Voter Turnout and Choice?

Learning Objective: 12.4 Analyze the factors that influence voter turnout and voter choice.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

53.

The timing of the New Hampshire primary is an example of ______. a. the invisible primary b. front-loading c. early voting d. the increasing influence of political parties Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: Mending the Electoral Process Learning Objective: 12.5 Evaluate concerns with the electoral process and proposed reforms to address them.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

179 ..

Chapter 13: The News Media Multiple-Choice Questions

1.

This sensationalized nineteenth-century form of journalism, which featured pictures, comics, color, and oversimplified news coverage, was called __________. a. muckraking b. the penny press c. blue dog journalism d. yellow journalism Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the News Media in the United States?

Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the structure and the functions of the media, past and present.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

2.

Which older news medium has had the hardest time competing with newer modern news sources? a. blogs b. newspapers c. radio d. television Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the News Media in the United States?

Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the structure and the functions of the media, past and present.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

3.

The media are also known as the __________. a. fourth estate b. paper empire c. third party d. civil engineer Answer: a Topic: Chapter Introduction Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the structure and functions of the media, past and present.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

180 ..

Difficulty Level: Easy 4.

Which political faction demanded that freedom of the press be amended to the U.S. Constitution? a. Anti-Federalists b. Democratic-Republicans c. Federalists d. Nationalists Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of the News Media in the United States?

Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the structure and the functions of the media, past and present.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

5.

The first penny press paper was the __________. a. Cincinnati Enquirer b. National Gazette c. New York Post d. New York Sun Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of the News Media in the United States?

Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the structure and the functions of the media, past and present.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

6.

The equal time rule prohibits television stations from doing which of the following? a. denying candidates equal time to speak during debates b. excluding third-party candidates from debates c. refusing to sell advertising time to bigoted candidates if it sells advertising time to nonbigoted candidates d. refusing to sell advertising time to all candidates in a given election Answer: c Topic: What Rules Govern the News Media?

Learning Objective: 13.4 Summarize the ethical standards and federal regulations that govern the news media.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

7.

A __________ is a live engagement between a press secretary and the press in which the range of questions is limited.

181 ..

a. press briefing b. press conference c. press release d. news conference Answer: a Topic: How Do the News Media Cover Politics?

Learning Objective: 13.2 Assess the influence of the media on American politics.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 8.

When covering Congress, reporters typically focus on which of the following? a. party leaders b. consensus builders c. lobbyists d. staff members Answer: a Topic: How Do the News Media Cover Politics?

Learning Objective: 13.2 Assess the influence of the media on American politics.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate

9.

In the White House press briefing room, which organization would you find closest to the podium? a. Associated Press b. Dallas Morning News c. Foreign press d. Voice of America Answer: a Topic: How Do the News Media Cover Politics?

Learning Objective: 13.2 Assess the influence of the media on American politics.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

10.

The president addresses the nation directly during a __________. a. press release b. press background c. press briefing d. press conference Answer: d Topic: How Do the News Media Cover Politics?

182 ..

Learning Objective: 13.2 Assess the influence of the media on American politics.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 11.

Which of the following is a media effect? a. agenda setting b. campaign finance reform c. selective perception d. press background Answer: a Topic: How Do News Media Influence and News Media Bias Affect Public Confidence?

Learning Objective: 13.3 Analyze the impact of the media on public opinion and political behavior.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

12.

It is believed that certain media members tend to ignore stories critical of government and big business because ____________. a. the typical journalist has a relatively elite background b. most journalists today identify as Republicans c. there are considerable boundaries of respect between the government and the press d. the public dislikes critical news Answer: a Topic: How Do News Media Influence and News Media Bias Affect Public Confidence?

Learning Objective: 13.3 Analyze the impact of the media on public opinion and political behavior.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

13.

What was one result of nineteenth-century muckraking? a. corporations purchasing favorable coverage b anti-trust regulations c. glorification of the president by the press d. yellow journalism Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the News Media in the United States?

Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the structure and the functions of the media, past and present.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

14.

Over the past thirty years, media ownership has __________.

183 ..

a. broken up across dozens of corporations b. become more diverse c. been split between Comcast and Time Warner d. become more consolidated Answer: d Topic: What Rules Govern the News Media?

Learning Objective: 13.4 Summarize the ethical standards and federal regulations that govern the news media.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 15.

Which news source favors the Republicans? a. NPR b. CNN c. C-SPAN d. Fox News Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: Current News Media Trends Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe the effect of recent trends in the news media on political outcomes.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy

16.

The top __________ media chains account for more than 90 percent of news media content. a. six b. ten c. sixty d. three hundred Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: Current News Media Trends Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe the effect of recent trends in the news media on political outcomes.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

17.

Television and radio are regulated by the federal government because __________. a. a free press requires the number of broadcast stations to be kept in check b. they are considered dangerous to the spirit of democracy c. the airwaves are considered public property d. they are specifically regulated by the U.S. Constitution

184 ..

Answer: c Topic: What Rules Govern the News Media?

Learning Objective: 13.4 Summarize the ethical standards and federal regulations that govern the news media.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 18.

Accuracy in Media (AIM) and Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) are __________. a. partisan media watchdog groups b. governmental agencies that regulate the media c. citizen journalist cooperatives d. partnerships between television news networks designed to aid journalistic accuracy Answer: a Topic: What Rules Govern the News Media?

Learning Objective: 13.4 Summarize the ethical standards and federal regulations that govern the news media.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

19.

In New York Times Co. v. U.S. (1971) the Supreme Court affirmed the principle of __________. a. prior restraint b. the equal time rule c. the right to privacy d. shield laws Answer: a Topic: What Rules Govern the News Media?

Learning Objective: 13.4 Summarize the ethical standards and federal regulations that govern the news media.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

20.

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 __________. a. paved the way for greater media consolidation b. established stronger regulations governing media consolidation c. assured candidates of equal time on broadcast networks d. restructured the Federal Communications Commission Answer: a Topic: What Rules Govern the News Media?

Learning Objective: 13.4 Summarize the ethical standards and federal regulations that govern the news media.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

185 ..

21.

A candidate might unveil his or her proposal for bolstering the local economy by e-mailing a __________ to the local media. a. sound bite b. fact check c. press release d. campaign platform Answer: c Topic: How Do the News Media Cover Politics?

Learning Objective: 13.2 Assess the influence of the media on American politics.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

22.

If the president wants his or her staff to address the press about a specific issue, without allowing the conversation to range beyond that issue, he or she might call for a __________. a. press release b. policy conference c. press conference d. press briefing Answer: d Topic: How Do the News Media Cover Politics?

Learning Objective: 13.2 Assess the influence of the media on American politics.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

23.

A public official has the most control over the spin of his or her message __________. a. during a press briefing b. during a press conference c. in an interview d. in a press release Answer: d Topic: How Do the News Media Cover Politics?

Learning Objective: 13.2 Assess the influence of the media on American politics.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

24.

The press has the greatest impact on public opinion regarding __________. a. national disasters b. events in foreign countries c. elections and campaigns d. immigration policy

186 ..

Answer: b Topic: How Do News Media Influence and News Media Bias Affect Public Confidence?

Learning Objective: 13.3 Analyze the impact of the media on public opinion and political behavior.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult 25.

Which of the following gets the most media coverage? a. the judiciary b. the president c. the House d. the Senate Answer: b Topic: How Do the News Media Cover Politics?

Learning Objective: 13.2 Assess the influence of the media on American politics.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

26.

Which of the following cable news sources offers the most unfiltered and erudite coverage of Washington politics? a. MSNBC b. C-SPAN c. CNN d. Fox News Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the News Media in the United States?

Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the structure and the functions of the media, past and present.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

27.

The U.S. media have a great deal of journalistic freedoms guaranteed by law, but their corporate ownership subjects them to pressures from __________. a. editors b. muckrakers c. anti-trust laws d. the market Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: Current News Media Trends Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe the effect of recent trends in the news media on political outcomes.

187 ..

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 28.

Why do politicians value appearing on soft news and infotainment shows? a. They get to select the questions they wish to answer in advance. b. They get a chance to interact with a diverse audience. c. They prefer to reach fewer voters at a time. d. They receive fewer technical or hard-hitting questions.

Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: Current News Media Trends Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe the effect of recent trends in the news media on political outcomes.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

29.

“According to a White House source” is an example of an attribution based on information obtained __________. a. on the record b. off the record c. on background d. on deep background Answer: c Topic: What Rules Govern the News Media?

Learning Objective: 13.4 Summarize the ethical standards and federal regulations that govern the news media.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

30.

Imagine you are a journalist covering a scandal that may destroy a member of Congress. You obtain your information from a source at the Department of Justice under the condition that the source will be completely unattributed. The information you obtained from this source is considered to be __________. a. on the record b. off the record c. on background d. on deep background Answer: d Topic: What Rules Govern the News Media?

Learning Objective: 13.4 Summarize the ethical standards and federal regulations that govern the news media.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

188 ..

31.

If the owner of a television station is a staunch conservative and sells advertising time to the Republican candidate but refuses to sell available advertising time to the Democratic candidate, this is a violation of the __________. a. prior restraint doctrine b. equal time rule c. Second Amendment d. right to rebuttal rule Answer: b Topic: What Rules Govern the News Media?

Learning Objective: 13.4 Summarize the ethical standards and federal regulations that govern the news media.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

32.

A press briefing is generally delivered by the __________. a. elected official b. communications director c. press secretary d. reporter Answer: c Topic: How Do the News Media Cover Politics?

Learning Objective: 13.2 Assess the influence of the media on American politics.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

33.

A press briefing differs from a press conference in the level of __________ involved. a. confidentiality b. attendance c. restriction d. bias Answer: c Topic: How Do the News Media Cover Politics?

Learning Objective: 13.2 Assess how the news media cover politics.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

34.

What derogatory term did Theodore Roosevelt use to describe the behavior of reporters who focused on the carnal underbelly of politics rather than its more lofty pursuits? a. bias

189 ..

b. muckraking c. yellow journalism d. framing Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the News Media in the United States?

Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the structure and the functions of the media, past and present.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 35.

What is a potential downside of narrowcasting? a. It gives Democrats an unfair advantage in elections. b. It restricts the public’s access to news that represents different ideologies. c. It allows people to ignore news that contradicts their preexisting views. d. It increases the power of partisan newspapers.

Answer: c Topic: Political Realities: Current News Media Trends Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe the effect of recent trends in the news media on political outcomes.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

36.

The rise of Spanish-language television and news programming is an example of __________. a. narrowcasting b. the fairness doctrine c. media consolidation d. the equal time rule Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: Current News Media Trends Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe the effect of recent trends in the news media on political outcomes.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

37.

The type of information presented by a privately owned, for-profit press may be suspect because of the importance of what? a. the bottom line b. editorial preferences c. the penny press d. government regulations Answer: a

190 ..

Topic: Political Realities: Current News Media Trends Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe the effect of recent trends in the news media on political outcomes.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 38.

__________ is an example of the way in which the Federal Communications Commission works to ensure that the airwaves “serve the public interest, convenience, and necessity.” a. The justice doctrine b. The equal time rule c. Prior restraint d. A press conference Answer: b Topic: What Rules Govern the News Media?

Learning Objective: 13.4 Summarize the ethical standards and federal regulations that govern the news media.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

39.

Media coverage of immigrant children separated from their families after crossing the border is an example of which of the following media effects? a. framing b. bias c. agenda setting d. hostility Answer: c Topic: How Do News Media Influence and News Media Bias Affect Public Confidence?

Learning Objective: 13.3 Analyze the impact of the media on public opinion and political behavior.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate

40.

Since the 1980s, Americans’ trust in the news media ______. a. rose until the turn of the twenty-first century, then declined b. has trended downward c. has remained at the historic low point reached after World War II d. has improved with the adoption of reforms designed to promote journalistic integrity Answer: b Topic: How Do News Media Influence and News Media Bias Affect Public Confidence?

Learning Objective: 13.3 Analyze the impact of the media on public opinion and political behavior.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

191 ..

Difficulty Level: Moderate 41.

Information that a journalist obtains “off the record” ______. a. cannot be printed b. cannot be attributed to the source by name c. must be completely unsourced d. can be euphemistically attributed to its source Answer: a Topic: What Rules Govern the News Media?

Learning Objective: 13.4 Summarize the ethical standards and federal regulations that govern the news media.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

42.

Dominance of the media by a few mega-corporations raises the fear that these groups will ______. a. promote liberal positions on social issues b. eliminate narrowcasting c. manipulate prices d. limit the flow of information and ideas Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: Current News Media Trends Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe the effect of recent trends in the news media on political outcomes.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

43.

“Hyperpersonalization” refers to which trend in media coverage? a. efforts by media to cover all sides of an issue b. the tendency of digital networked media to categorize users into neatly defined clusters on the basis of personalized searches and news feeds c. targeting of specific racial, ethnic, or religious groups d. an emphasis on controversial news stories to promote public interest Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: Current News Media Trends Learning Objective: 13.5 Describe the effect of recent trends in the news media on political outcomes.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

44.

Which news outlets are considered to be “digital-native”?

192 ..

a. those that depend exclusively on social media to build their audience b. legacy news organizations that had created a Web presence by the mid-1990s c. those that were originally founded on the Web d. those that make use of television, radio, and the Internet but have no presence in print Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the News Media in the United States?

Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the structure and the functions of the media, past and present.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 45.

Overall U.S. newsroom employment dropped by ______ between 2008 and 2018. a. less than 15 percent b. about 25 percent c. more than one-third d. more than 75 percent Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the News Media in the United States?

Learning Objective: 13.1 Describe the structure and the functions of the media, past and present.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

193 ..

Chapter 14: Interest Groups Multiple-Choice Questions

1.

In Federalist No. 10, James Madison described how the Constitution has been designed to control the effects of __________. a. monarchies b. factions c. political parties d. trade associations Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of American Interest Groups?

Learning Objective: 14.1 Explain the origins of interest groups in America.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

2.

An interest group can lobby the courts in two ways; one way is to __________. a. meet with judges to explain the group’s policy preferences b. file an amicus curiae brief to present the group’s analysis of a case c. appeal the case to a higher court d. offer monetary incentives to the justices Answer: b Topic: What Do Interest Groups Do? Learning Objective: 14.5 Analyze the methods and activities that interest groups use to influence political outcomes.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

3.

When community members come together to create small-scale associations for the public good, this is known as __________. a. social capital b. pluralism c. civic virtue d. collective action Answer: c Topic: Why Do Interest Groups Form?

Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe how interest groups form.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

194 ..

4.

You were just offered a job with a renewable energy company, but you used to work as a policy analyst for the Department of Energy. How soon after starting your new position can you lobby the Department of Energy on behalf of your new employer? a. immediately b. after two years c. after ten years d. never Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Are Interest Groups and Lobbyists Regulated?

Learning Objective: 14.7 Assess the effectiveness of regulations designed to control interest groups.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

5.

Which of the following is an example of lobbying? a. appealing to Congress members to support a particular policy position b. conducting surveys to gauge public opinion on a policy issue c. convincing potential members to join an interest group by offering them material benefits d. fund-raising for political candidates Answer: a Topic: What Do Interest Groups Do? Learning Objective: 14.5 Analyze the methods and activities that interest groups use to influence political outcomes.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

6.

How does grassroots lobbying differ from other efforts by interest groups to influence government? a. Grassroots lobbying focuses more on cultivating relationships with elected officials. b. Grassroots lobbying is more heavily regulated. c. Grassroots lobbying focuses more on influencing public opinion. d. Grassroots lobbying is more costly.

Answer: c Topic: What Do Interest Groups Do? Learning Objective: 14.5 Analyze the methods and activities that interest groups use to influence political outcomes.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

7.

A public interest group _____.

195 ..

a. exclusively conducts research and analysis on public policy issues b. expresses its political views publicly c. works to gain benefits for society as a whole d. represents workers within a particular industry Answer: c Topic: What Types of Interest Groups Exist?

Learning Objective: 14.4 Identify the different types of political interest groups.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 8.

The American Automobile Association (AAA) offers potential members the material benefit of roadside assistance as a strategy to get them to join the organization. This strategy is AAA’s attempt to _____. a. regulate group membership b. diversify its membership c. overcome the free rider problem d. raise campaign contributions Answer: c Topic: What Makes Interest Groups Successful?

Learning Objective: 14.6 Evaluate the factors that affect the relative success of interest groups.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

9.

Which of the following statements is true about the founding of the Moral Majority by the Reverend Jerry Falwell? a. It was a conservative response to the activities of liberal public interest groups. b. Jerry Falwell wanted a religious watchdog over the federal government. c. It was founded in response to the dissolution of the Christian Coalition. d. Jerry Falwell wanted to build a coalition with Public Citizen.

Answer: a Topic: How Did the Modern Interest Group State Develop?

Learning Objective: 14.2 Describe the beginnings of modern American interest groups.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

10.

How might pluralism serve to enhance democracy? a. by requiring people to join interest groups b. by ensuring that all groups have an opportunity to influence policy outcomes c. by allowing policy makers to ignore the demands of intolerant groups d. by discouraging bargaining and compromise on policy issues Answer: b

196 ..

Topic: Why Do Interest Groups Form?

Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe how interest groups form.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult 11.

A political action committee (PAC) is an organization _____. a. within a political party that coordinates campaign events b. that focuses on grassroots lobbying c. within a political party that creates and runs campaign advertisements d. that represents an interest group and is federally permitted to contribute to a campaign.

Answer: d Topic: What Types of Interest Groups Exist?

Learning Objective: 14.4 Identify the different types of political interest groups.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

12.

Which of the following is a provision of the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007? a. a ban on retired elected officials becoming lobbyists b. tougher lobbying disclosure requirements c. a ban on PAC contributions d. a ban on lobbyists running for office Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Are Interest Groups and Lobbyists Regulated?

Learning Objective: 14.7 Assess the effectiveness of regulations designed to control interest groups.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

13.

Which of the following is an example of a public interest group? a. a consumer rights group b. a professional association c. a labor union d. a group representing a state government Answer: a Topic: What Types of Interest Groups Exist?

Learning Objective: 14.4 Identify the different types of political interest groups.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

14.

One way that interest groups seek to influence elections is by _____.

197 ..

a. filing lawsuits b. submitting amicus curiae briefs c. running candidates for office d. recruiting and endorsing candidates Answer: d Topic: What Do Interest Groups Do? Learning Objective: 14.5 Analyze the methods and activities that interest groups use to influence political outcomes.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 15.

One of the most significant outcomes of the passage of the Clayton Act was that it _____. a. fostered greater diversity among union members b. encouraged only the most committed supporters to become involved in union activities c. prohibited union members from joining more than one interest group d. guaranteed union members the right to strike Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of American Interest Groups?

Learning Objective: 14.1 Explain the origins of interest groups in America.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

16.

Which of the following is an example of a trade association? a. the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) b. the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) c. the American Association of Retired People (AARP) d. the National Rifle Association (NRA) Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of American Interest Groups?

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the origins of interest groups in America.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

17.

Who greatly benefitted from the rise of public interest groups during the 1960s and 1970s? a. the wealthy b. pro-war advocates c. the poor d. politicians Answer: c Topic: How Did the Modern Interest Group State Develop?

Learning Objective: 14.2 Describe the beginnings of modern American interest groups.

198 ..

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 18.

Why do small interest groups have an easier time enrolling potential members than large interest groups? a. In a small group, any individual’s share of the collective good may be great enough to make it rational for him or her to join. b. In a small group, only individuals who contribute to the group’s efforts can enjoy the collective good. c. Small groups are able to offer material incentives, whereas large groups are not. d. Unlike large groups, small groups often receive the help of patrons in recruiting members.

Answer: a Topic: What Makes Interest Groups Successful?

Learning Objective: 14.6 Evaluate the factors that affect the relative success of interest groups.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

19.

Which interest group member type attends the meetings, pays dues, and chairs committees? a. the workers b. the leaders c. the patrons d. the rank-and-file Answer: a Topic: What Makes Interest Groups Successful?

Learning Objective: 14.6 Evaluate the factors that affect the relative success of interest groups.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

20.

How do lobbyists typically seek to influence members of Congress who already tend to support the interest group? a. by formally introducing bills to Congress b. by filing amicus curiae briefs c. by organizing protests and demonstrations on Capitol Hill d. by providing information on policy issues Answer: d Topic: What Do Interest Groups Do? Learning Objective: 14.5 Analyze the methods and activities that interest groups use to influence political outcomes.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

21.

How do interest groups lobby the courts?

199 ..

a. through letter-writing campaigns addressed to particular judges b. by meeting with judges to express their views on cases c. by filing a lawsuit or directly sponsoring those willing to file a lawsuit d. by testifying before congressional committees Answer: c Topic: What Do Interest Groups Do? Learning Objective: 14.5 Analyze the methods and activities that interest groups use to influence political outcomes.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 22.

Few public interest groups would be able to survive past their initial start-up period without the support of ______. a. leaders b. advocates c. patrons d. workers Answer: c Topic: What Makes Interest Groups Successful?

Learning Objective: 14.6 Evaluate the factors that affect the relative success of interest groups.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

23.

Which of the following is a likely result of the free rider problem? a. an elected official accepting bribes from an interest group b. a candidate announcing an endorsement from an interest group c. an environmental group struggling to raise funds for a “clean air” campaign d. a public university giving football tickets to lawmakers Answer: c Topic: What Makes Interest Groups Successful?

Learning Objective: 14.6 Evaluate the factors that affect the relative success of interest groups.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

24.

Critics of pluralism have noted that __________. a. government decisions reflect the balance of competing interests in society b. most groups represent elites c. individuals with shared grievances usually form interest groups to press their demands upon government d. the formation of one group typically stimulates the formation of an opposing group

200 ..

Answer: b Topic: Why Do Interest Groups Form?

Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe how interest groups form.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 25.

Which of the following groups are generally considered the most fully and effectively organized of all interest group types? a. public interest groups b. governmental units c. economic interest groups d. political action committees Answer: c Topic: What Types of Interest Groups Exist?

Learning Objective: 14.4 Identify the different types of interest groups.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

26.

Which of the following statements is true about large-scale lobbying efforts? a. Lobbying fails to influence public policy as intended. b. The lobbying industry lacks strategic effort. c. Lobbying is an expensive industry. d. Lobbying focuses on creating federal bipartisanship.

Answer: c Topic: What Do Interest Groups Do? Learning Objective: 14.5 Analyze the methods and activities that interest groups use to influence political outcomes.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

27.

Which of the following is a key provision of the Lobbying Disclosure Act? a. Lobbyists are prohibited from offering gifts worth more than $50 to Congress members. b. Lobbyists must provide receipts of exact and all client expenditures. c. Lobbyists must move from the federal government to private lobbying much more quickly. d. Lobbyists must register with the clerk of the House and the secretary of the Senate.

Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: How Are Interest Groups and Lobbyists Regulated?

Learning Objective: 14.7 Assess the effectiveness of regulations designed to control interest groups.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

201 ..

28.

An interest group filing an amicus curiae brief is an example of __________. a. grassroots lobbying b. how interest groups influence elections c. lobbying the executive branch d. lobbying the judicial branch Answer: d Topic: What Do Interest Groups Do? Learning Objective: 14.5 Analyze the methods and activities that interest groups use to influence political outcomes.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

29.

In the attempt to influence public policy, Volunteer X of Planned Parenthood makes every effort to help the organization identify prospective voters and transport them to the polls. Volunteer X is engaging in an election activity known as _____. a. rating the candidates b. contributing to campaigns c. getting out the vote d. running educational campaigns Answer: c Topic: What Do Interest Groups Do? Learning Objective: 14.5 Analyze the methods and activities that interest groups use to influence political outcomes.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

30.

Which of the following statements is true about union membership? a. At its peak in the 1950s, half of working Americans were union members. b. Southern states have higher rates of union membership than other parts of the United States. c. Union membership among private-sector employees has experienced a decline in recent years. d. Less than 5 percent of Californians are union members.

Answer: c Topic: How Did the Modern Interest Group State Develop?

Learning Objective: 14.2 Describe the beginnings of modern American interest groups.

Skill Level: Analyze it Difficulty Level: Moderate

31.

Before and during the Revolutionary War, the Anti-Federalists favored ______. a. a leading role in government for individuals of great wealth b. a decentralized political structure in which the states were largely free to act independently

202 ..

c. prompt repayment of war-created debts d. ratification of the Constitution of the United States Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of American Interest Groups?

Learning Objective: 14.1 Explain the origins of interest groups in America.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 32.

The Bill of Rights aided the development of interest groups by ______. a. specifying the importance of protections for farmers b. limiting the power of the railroad industry c. securing the right to peaceable assembly and the rights to free speech and to petition the government directly d. outlawing large trusts and monopolies Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of American Interest Groups?

Learning Objective: 14.1 Explain the origins of interest groups in America.

Topic: What Are the Roots of American Interest Groups?

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

33.

The original purpose of the Grange was to ______. a. pressure Congress into enacting antislavery legislation b. pressure Congress to regulate the railroad industry c. address the problems created by an influx of immigrants d. educate farmers about the latest agricultural developments Answer: d Learning Objective: 14.1 Explain the origins of interest groups in America.

Topic: What Are the Roots of American Interest Groups?

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

34.

When was the American Civil Liberties Union formed? a. during the Progressive era b. during the Depression c. after World War II d. in the late 1960s Answer: a Topic: How Did the Modern Interest Group State Develop?

Learning Objective: 14.2 Describe the beginnings of modern American interest groups.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

203 ..

Difficulty Level: Easy 35.

Labor union participation rates are higher among which of the following groups? a. young people b. African Americans c. immigrants d. women Answer: b Topic: How Did the Modern Interest Group State Develop?

Learning Objective: 14.2 Describe the beginnings of modern American interest groups.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

36.

How does public sector union membership compare to that in the private sector? a. Public sector union membership slightly exceeds that in the private sector. b. Private sector union membership is significantly higher than in the public sector. c. Public sector membership greatly outpaces that of private sector employees. d. Union membership rates are approximately equal in the public and private sectors.

Answer: c Topic: How Did the Modern Interest Group State Develop?

Learning Objective: 14.2 Describe the beginnings of modern American interest groups.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

37.

Social capital is enhanced when ______. a. citizens are involved in community groups and activities with others of like interests b. political power is distributed among a wide range of competing interest groups c. one wave of interest groups gives rise to another wave representing a contrary perspective d. individuals have access to perfect information on which to base their decisions Answer: a Topic: Why Do Interest Groups Form?

Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe how interest groups form.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

38.

In the transactionist view, the interest group system has an elite bias because ______. a. elites can operate without concern for civic virtue b. elites tend to be “free riders” who gain benefits from collective goods at no cost c. interactions on social media are dominated by elites d. individuals who have more time or money available have lower transaction costs

204 ..

Answer: d Topic: Why Do Interest Groups Form?

Learning Objective: 14.3 Describe how interest groups form.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate 39.

Lobbyists were first required to register and file quarterly financial reports by the ______ Act. a. Federal Regulation of Lobbying b. Lobbying Disclosure c. Honest Leadership and Open Government d. Ethics in Government Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: How Are Interest Groups and Lobbyists Regulated?

Learning Objective: 14.7 Assess the effectiveness of regulations designed to control interest groups.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

40.

Which of the following is true of “legal education” sessions for judges? a. Interested parties must ask the Supreme Court for permission to hold such sessions. b. They are often held at fancy resorts at little or no cost to the judges. c. They were greatly restricted by the 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act. d. They provide judges with unbiased factual information.

Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: How Are Interest Groups and Lobbyists Regulated?

Learning Objective: 14.7 Assess the effectiveness of regulations designed to control interest groups.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

205 ..

Chapter 15: Social and Economic Policy Multiple-Choice Questions

1.

The Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as “Obamacare,” was designed primarily to __________. a. create a universal, government-run national health service b. ensure that nearly all Americans, including those living in poverty, would have access to health care coverage c. increase the number of doctors who specialize rather than enter general practice d. protect patients from Medicare fraud Answer: b Topic: What Is the U.S. Health Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.4 Describe current U.S. policy in health care.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

2.

Medicare provides health coverage to __________. a. children and college students b. business owners and their employees c. persons over age 65 and some younger people with disabilities d. poor people and people with disabilities Answer: c Topic: What Is the U.S. Health Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.4 Describe current U.S. policy in health care.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

3.

The __________ marked a clear change in the federal government’s role in domestic policy making with the creation of the modern welfare state and the first entitlement program. a. 1910s b. 1930s c. 1950s d. 1970s Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the Policy-Making Process?

206 ..

Learning Objective: 15.1 Trace the stages of the policy-making process.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 4.

At which stage in the policy-making process is an issue moved from the systemic agenda to the governmental agenda? a. agenda setting b. agenda adoption c. policy formulation d. policy implementation Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of the Policy-Making Process?

Learning Objective: 15.1 Trace the stages of the policy-making process.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

5.

The Framers of the Constitution created a decentralized policy-making process with powers shared by Congress, the president, the courts, and __________. a. political parties b. interest groups c. the states d. business interests Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the Policy-Making Process?

Learning Objective: 15.1 Trace the stages of the policy-making process.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

6.

Which president helped to create the modern welfare state in the United States? a. Dwight Eisenhower b. Franklin Roosevelt c. Jimmy Carter d. Ronald Reagan Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the Policy-Making Process?

Learning Objective: 15.1 Trace the stages of the policy-making process.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

7.

The Federal Direct Student Loan Program allows students to __________. a. repay their loans through part-time employment in work-study programs

207 ..

b. convert their student loans to grants if they maintain above-average grades for two years c. have their student loans forgiven if they go to work in the public sector after graduation d. borrow money to pay for college, with repayment deferred until they graduate or leave college Answer: d Topic: What Is the U.S. Education Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.5 Describe current U.S. policy in primary, secondary, and higher education.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 8.

Which of the following pieces of legislation is designed to ensure that most people have health insurance? a. the Affordable Care Act b. the Social Security Act c. the Troubled Assets Relief Program d. the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Answer: a Topic: What Is the U.S. Health Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.4 Describe current U.S. policy in health care.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

9.

The Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) ruled that separate educational facilities for Black and White students were __________. a. inherently unequal b. acceptable as long as funding was equitable c. equal under the law d. constitutionally protected Answer: a Topic: What Is the U.S. Education Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.5 Describe current U.S. policy in primary, secondary, and higher education.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

10.

Which of the following was an aspect of President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal? a. The federal government took a laissez-faire approach when dealing with economic matters. b. The federal government created the Social Security and Aid to Dependent Children programs. c. The states assumed new responsibilities for the management of national economic matters. d. The federal government devolved responsibility for solving the economic crisis to the states.

208 ..

Answer: b Topic: What Is the U.S. Social Welfare Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe current U.S. social welfare policy and programs.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 11.

In recent years, many liberal politicians have endorsed which of the following changes to the Medicare program? a. making Medicare available to everyone in the country b. raising the Medicare eligibility age c. making Medicare a means-tested program available only to low-income seniors d. eliminating the employee share of the payroll tax that supports Medicare Answer: a Topic: What Is the U.S. Health Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.4 Describe current U.S. policy in health care.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

12.

What is the function of Medicaid? a. prescription drug coverage for Medicare recipients b. state funding of federal hospitals c. subsidized medical care for poor people and people with disabilities d. long-term care supplement for Medicare Answer: c Topic: What Is the U.S. Health Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.4 Describe current U.S. policy in health care.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

13.

Which of the following was one of the first entitlement programs created under the New Deal? a. No Child Left Behind b. Social Security c. Medicaid d. Medicare Answer: b Topic: What Is the U.S. Social Welfare Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe current U.S. social welfare policy and programs.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

14.

Which of the following statements about Social Security is the most accurate?

209 ..

a. Social Security will eventually be replaced by a private system. b. Social Security qualification automatically triggers Medicaid participation. c. Social Security is expected to be financially stable for the next 100 years. d. Social Security is a non–means-tested program.

Answer: d Topic: What Is the U.S. Social Welfare Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe current U.S. social welfare policy and programs.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 15.

Over time, entitlement programs such as Social Security and Aid to Families with Dependent Children led to __________. a. expansion of the federal role in domestic policy b. efforts to ensure equality in public school funding c. efforts to provide supplemental income to low-earning households d. expansion of financial aid to poor college students Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of the Policy-Making Process?

Learning Objective: 15.1 Trace the stages of the policy-making process.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

16.

Which of the following demonstrates how policy making is decentralized in the United States? a. The United States has a unitary form of government. b. Congress often overrules state decisions. c. The states have authority over policy making in areas such as education. d. The federal government is responsible for administering Medicare and Medicaid.

Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of the Policy-Making Process?

Learning Objective: 15.1 Trace the stages of the policy-making process.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

17.

Which of the following is an example of federal involvement in K–12 education? a. providing diversity awareness training for teachers b. funding pro-education candidates at the state level c. funding school renovation in economically disadvantaged areas d. providing federal support for charter schools Answer: d Topic: What Is the U.S. Education Policy?

210 ..

Learning Objective: 15.5 Describe current U.S. policy in primary, secondary, and higher education.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult 18.

Title IX of the Educational Amendments Acts of 1972 bars schools that receive federal funds from __________. a. registering students to vote using taxpayer funds b. offering different sports for men and women c. discriminating on the basis of sex in admissions, student financial aid, or athletics d. having men coach women’s athletics or having women coach men’s athletics Answer: c Topic: What Is the U.S. Education Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.5 Describe current U.S. policy in primary, secondary, and higher education.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

19.

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), which replaced No Child Left Behind, does which of the following? a. It restores greater control to states over issues of accountability, teacher quality, and school improvement. b. It provides more federal support for the Common Core initiative. c. It requires districts to implement a school choice policy as a condition of receiving federal aid. d. It exempts local school districts from the mandates of Title I. Answer: a Topic: What Is the U.S. Education Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.5 Describe current U.S. policy in primary, secondary, and higher education.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

20.

Funding for K–12 education is the single largest budget item for __________. a. state and local governments b. the federal government c. corporate philanthropy d. voucher programs Answer: a Topic: What Is the U.S. Education Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.5 Describe current U.S. policy in primary, secondary, and higher education.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

211 ..

Difficulty Level: Easy 21.

Inflation is best understood as the rate at which __________. a. gross domestic product expands b. prices for goods and services increase c. the federal government increases taxes to raise revenue d. the Federal Reserve Board expands the money supply Answer: b Topic: What Is the U.S. Fiscal Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the scope of the federal budget, and analyze the problems associated with the national deficit and debt.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

22.

Economists use the gross domestic product to measure __________________. a. the rate of government spending in the economy b. the rate of tariffs applied to goods imported into the United States c. the total value added by government expenditures in the economy d. the total market value of all goods and services produced in a country during a year Answer: d Topic: What Is the U.S. Fiscal Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the scope of the federal budget, and analyze the problems associated with the national deficit and debt.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

23.

Laissez-faire economics holds that the government should __________. a. raise interest rates during a recession b. not take an active role in the economy c. do everything possible to reduce unemployment d. lower interest rates during a recession Answer: b Topic: What Is the U.S. Fiscal Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the scope of the federal budget, and analyze the problems associated with the national deficit and debt.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

24.

Which of the following is true with respect to Keynesian economic policy? a. It uses tax increases to control inflation and unemployment.

212 ..

b. It relies on tax cuts and increases in government expenditures to control inflation and unemployment. c. It uses adjustments to the money supply to control inflation and unemployment. d. It relies on private philanthropy to address the worst effects of economic downturns.

Answer: b Topic: What Is the U.S. Fiscal Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the scope of the federal budget, and analyze the problems associated with the national deficit and debt.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 25.

What is the source of the money in the Social Security Trust Fund? a. sales taxes on luxury goods and services b. taxes on wages paid by both employers and employees c. property taxes d. estate taxes Answer: b Topic: What Is the U.S. Social Welfare Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe current U.S. social welfare policy and programs.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

26.

A government program that provides benefits to all citizens who meet eligibility requirements is called a(n) __________. a. basic program b. entitlement program c. envelopment program d. recessionary program Answer: b Topic: What Is the U.S. Social Welfare Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe current U.S. social welfare policy and programs.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

27.

The total market value of all goods and services produced in a country during a year is referred to as the __________. a. national income quotient b. gross domestic product c. maximum national product d. minimum domestic product Answer: b

213 ..

Topic: What Is the U.S. Fiscal Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the scope of the federal budget, and analyze the problems associated with the national deficit and debt.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 28.

Unemployment insurance is what type of federal program? a. non–means-tested b. means-tested c. monetary policy d. fiscal policy Answer: a Topic: What Is the U.S. Social Welfare Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe current U.S. social welfare policy and programs.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

29.

What is a primary tool that monetary policy uses to affect the overall economy? a. tax rates b. foreign monetary investment c. government spending d. the discount rate Answer: d Topic: What Is the U.S. Monetary Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.3 Assess the effectiveness of the monetary policy tools used by the federal government to manage the economy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

30.

Which of the following entities is responsible for setting the discount rate, which then influences interest rates in the United States? a. Congress b. the Office of Management and Budget c. the Executive Office of the President d. the Federal Reserve Answer: d Topic: What Is the U.S. Monetary Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.3 Assess the effectiveness of the monetary policy tools used by the federal government to manage the economy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Difficult

214 ..

31.

Which of the following terms describes U.S. economic policy during much of the nineteenth century? a. fiscalism b. Keynesianism c. laissez-faire d. monetarism Answer: c Topic: What Is the U.S. Fiscal Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the scope of the federal budget, and analyze the problems associated with the national deficit and debt.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

32.

What are the two main mandates of the Federal Reserve? a. to lend money to consumers and borrow money from banks b. to control inflation and limit unemployment c. to help developing countries and U.S. business interests d. to equalize income disparity among citizens and lower the cost of goods and services Answer: b Topic: What Is the U.S. Monetary Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.3 Assess the effectiveness of the monetary policy tools used by the federal government to manage the economy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

33.

The main goal of fiscal policy is __________. a. to ensure that money is available to state governments for capital projects b. to pay down the federal debt c. to increase exports into the United States d. to maintain economic stability by stimulating or slowing down economic growth Answer: d Topic: What Is the U.S. Fiscal Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the scope of the federal budget, and analyze the problems associated with the national deficit and debt.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

34.

A means-tested program is one that __________. a. extends benefits based on the recipient’s age at retirement b. provides benefits based on demonstrated need c. extends benefits mostly to those who pass a skills-based test

215 ..

d. provides benefits based on lifetime contributions Answer: b Topic: What Is the U.S. Social Welfare Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe current U.S. social welfare policy and programs.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 35.

The primary purpose of the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP) was to __________. a. bail out the auto industry b. stabilize the banking sector c. reduce the annual budget deficit d. respond to rising unemployment Answer: b Topic: What Is the U.S. Fiscal Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the scope of the federal budget, and analyze the problems associated with the national deficit and debt.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

36.

The economic condition that occurs when federal revenues are less than expenditures is known as the __________. a. balance of payments b. budget deficit c. national debt d. trade deficit Answer: b Topic: What Is the U.S. Fiscal Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the scope of the federal budget, and analyze the problems associated with the national deficit and debt.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

37.

If the Federal Reserve wanted to slow the rate of economic growth, it would most likely __________. a. lower the discount rate b. increase the discount rate c. encourage the president to lower taxes d. increase the unemployment rate Answer: b Topic: What Is the U.S. Monetary Policy?

216 ..

Learning Objective: 15.3 Assess the effectiveness of the monetary policy tools used by the federal government to manage the economy.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult 38.

In a typical month in 2019, nearly 40 million Americans received aid from which means-tested income security program? a. Social Security b. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program c. Supplemental Security Income d. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Answer: b Topic: What Is the U.S. Social Welfare Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe current U.S. social welfare policy and programs.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Moderate

39.

The buying and selling of government securities by the Federal Reserve Bank is known as ______. a. quantitative easing b. open market operations c. capital leverage d. risk management Answer: b Topic: What Is the U.S. Monetary Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.3 Assess the effectiveness of the monetary policy tools used by the federal government to manage the economy.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

40.

By reducing reserve requirements, the Federal Reserve can ______. a. control the rate of inflation b. maintain high interest rates to discourage reckless borrowing c. free up additional money for loans and lower interest rates d. place limits on the amount of money in circulation Answer: c Topic: What Is the U.S. Monetary Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.3 Assess the effectiveness of the monetary policy tools used by the federal government to manage the economy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

217 ..

41.

In response to the economic crisis of 2008, the federal government enacted fiscal policy that included ______. a. tax cuts and spending increases b. tax increases accompanied by public investment c. cuts in both taxes and spending d. placing a limit on the national debt Answer: a Topic: What Is the U.S. Fiscal Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the scope of the federal budget, and analyze the problems associated with the national deficit and debt.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

42.

The sharp rise in Medicare benefit payments between 2008 and 2020 was a sign of ______. a. expansion of eligibility for the program b. a decrease in private insurance coverage c. inflation d. an aging population Answer: d Topic: What Is the U.S. Health Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.4 Describe current U.S. policy in health care.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

43.

The Medicaid program is funded and administered ______. a. by the federal government b. by the individual state governments c. as a joint venture between the national and state governments d. as a joint venture between state governments and private nonprofit organizations Answer: c Topic: What Is the U.S. Health Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.4 Describe current U.S. policy in health care.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

44.

The largest source of policy decisions made by the national government is ______. a. legislation b. rule making c. executive orders d. established norms

218 ..

Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of the Policy-Making Process?

Learning Objective: 15.1 Trace the stages of the policy-making process.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 45.

What was the original aim of the 2002 No Child Left Behind Act? a. to expand the role of state and local governments in making education policy b. to eliminate rote learning in primary and secondary education c. to establish “school choice” as a nationwide policy d. to set high standards and establish measurable goals as a method of improving education across states Answer: d Topic: What Is the U.S. Education Policy?

Learning Objective: 15.5 Describe current U.S. policy in primary, secondary, and higher education.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

219 ..

Chapter 16: Foreign and Defense Policy Multiple-Choice Questions

1.

The war in Iraq began under President __________ and ended under President __________. a. Bill Clinton; George H. W. Bush b. Bill Clinton; George W. Bush c. George H. W. Bush; George W. Bush d. George W. Bush; Barack Obama Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.1 Outline the major events and issues in the development of U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

2.

One of the primary purposes of the war in Afghanistan that was waged during the George W. Bush administration was to __________. a. prevent the spread of communism b. remove the Taliban government c. protect religious freedom d. retaliate for the bombing of the USS Cole Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.1 Outline the major events and issues in the development of U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

3.

A primary responsibility of the Department of Defense is to __________. a. formulate diplomatic policy b. implement military policy c. coordinate domestic security efforts d. advise the president about national security threats Answer: b Topic: How Does the United States Make Foreign and Defense Policy Decisions?

220 ..

Learning Objective: 16.2 Describe the roles of government officials and of other influences on U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 4.

What is the role of the national security advisor? a. to be a consultant for academics and others with foreign policy expertise b. to act as a liaison between the Department of Defense and the military c. to lead the Department of Homeland Security d. to advise the president on foreign and defense policy Answer: d Topic: How Does the United States Make Foreign and Defense Policy Decisions?

Learning Objective: 16.2 Describe the roles of government officials and of other influences on U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

5.

Who serves on the Joint Chiefs of Staff? a. the Cabinet secretaries b. the Army chief of staff, the Air Force chief of staff, the chief of naval operations, the Marine commandant, and the Chief of Space Operations c. the White House military intelligence corps d. the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the director of the Central Intelligence Agency Answer: b Topic: How Does the United States Make Foreign and Defense Policy Decisions?

Learning Objective: 16.2 Describe the roles of government officials and of other influences on U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

6.

Who is the head of the U.S. intelligence community? a. the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) b. the director of National Intelligence c. the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff d. the vice president Answer: b Topic: How Does the United States Make Foreign and Defense Policy Decisions?

Learning Objective: 16.2 Describe the roles of government officials and of other influences on U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

221 ..

7.

Which international organization was created after World War II at the urging of the United States? a. the League of Nations b. the United Nations c. the Warsaw Pact d. the World Trade Organization Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.1 Outline the major events and issues in the development of U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

8.

Why is it difficult to coordinate the work of the various intelligence agencies that make up the U.S. intelligence community? a. The head of the intelligence community is the head of the CIA, which operates completely independently of the other agencies in the intelligence community. b. Each agency controls its own budget and does not always share intelligence information with other agencies. c. The Department of Homeland Security gathers intelligence but then assigns the responsibility for acting on that information to various other agencies. d. The FBI and CIA are prohibited by law from having any interactions whatsoever.

Answer: b Topic: How Does the United States Make Foreign and Defense Policy Decisions?

Learning Objective: 16.2 Describe the roles of government officials and of other influences on U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult

9.

Which of the following countries is a permanent member of the UN Security Council? a. Germany b. India c. Spain d. the United States Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.1 Outline the major events and issues in the development of U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

222 ..

10.

Which of the following countries is a member of NATO? a. Russia b. China c. Japan d. the United States Answer: d Topic: What Are the Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.1 Outline the major events and issues in the development of U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

11.

Which of the following is true regarding the Marshall Plan? a. The Soviet Union instituted it to benefit Eastern Europe. b. Germany instituted it to benefit the United States. c. The United States instituted it to benefit Europe’s economic recovery. d. Eastern Europe instituted it to benefit Western Europe.

Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.1 Outline the major events and issues in the development of U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy

12.

Which of the following would George Washington most likely approve of? a. the Marshall Plan b. NATO c. neutrality d. NAFTA Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.1 Outline the major events and issues in the development of U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

13.

The U.S.–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) seems likely to __________. a. weaken labor and environmental standards b. boost the U.S. auto, dairy, and information technology industries c. promote development of manufacturing in the U.S. d. limit the number of U.S. trading partners

223 ..

Answer: b Topic: What Are the Contemporary Challenges in Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.3 Evaluate major foreign and defense policy challenges now facing the United States.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 14.

The foreign policy of containment was designed to prevent __________. a. nuclear proliferation b. expansion of Soviet influence c. terrorism d. the Cold War Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.1 Outline the major events and issues in the development of U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

15.

Why was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization formed? a. to provide peacetime collective security for the United States, Canada, and parts of Europe b. to promote free trade between the United States and Western Europe c. to minimize nuclear proliferation d. to enhance democratic government in newly industrializing countries Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.1 Outline the major events and issues in the development of U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

16.

Which of the following is preeminent in U.S. foreign and military policy? a. the Joint Chiefs of Staff b. the president c. the State Department d. the National Security Council Answer: b Topic: How Does the United States Make Foreign and Defense Policy Decisions?

Learning Objective: 16.2 Describe the roles of government officials and of other influences on U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

224 ..

Difficulty Level: Moderate 17.

The United States engaged in which of the following military conflicts to prevent the spread of communism? a. World War I b. World War II c. the Vietnam War d. the global war on terror Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.1 Outline the major events and issues in the development of U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

18.

What was the initial main purpose of the Marshall Plan? a. to repair relations between the United States and the Soviet Union near the end of the Cold War b. to help Europe’s economic recovery after World War II c. to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction to unstable governments d. to root out and eliminate potential terrorist threats before they are fully formed Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.1 Outline the major events and issues in the development of U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

19.

What is the primary responsibility of the Department of State? a. national defense policy b. homeland security c. intelligence d. diplomacy Answer: d Topic: How Does the United States Make Foreign and Defense Policy Decisions?

Learning Objective: 16.2 Describe the roles of government officials and of other influences on U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

20.

Which of the following is primarily responsible for military policy?

225 ..

a. the Secretary of Defense b. the Secretary of State c. the chief of staff d. the Secretary of Homeland Security Answer: a Topic: How Does the United States Make Foreign and Defense Policy Decisions?

Learning Objective: 16.2 Describe the roles of government officials and of other influences on U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 21.

Which of the following would the president be most likely to consult to determine the best way to use the military to destroy North Korea’s nuclear capabilities? a. the Secretary of Defense b. the Secretary of Homeland Security c. the Secretary of State d. the National Security Advisor Answer: a Topic: How Does the United States Make Foreign and Defense Policy Decisions?

Learning Objective: 16.2 Describe the roles of government officials and of other influences on U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

22.

Terrorists are most likely to target the safety of __________. a. elected officials b. members of the military c. noncombatants d. bureaucrats Answer: c Topic: What Are the Contemporary Challenges in Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.3 Evaluate major foreign and defense policy challenges now facing the United States.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

23.

Which of the following was a fundamental claim of the George W. Bush administration’s case for the 2003 war in Iraq? a. Iraq was directly responsible for the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. b. Iraq was a threat to American security interests. c. The Persian Gulf War begun by President George H. W. Bush had never really ended and needed to be brought to a close.

226 ..

d. Saddam Hussein had issued threats against the United States and had permitted Osama bin Laden to use camps in Iraq for training terrorists.

Answer: b Topic: What Are the Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.1 Outline the major events and issues in the development of U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 24.

Which of the following countries would have been most opposed to the policy of containment? a. Afghanistan b. China c. the Soviet Union d. South Korea Answer: c Topic: What Are the Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.1 Outline the major events and issues in the development of U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

25.

Which of the following countries have posed challenges to the United States in recent years because of their economic growth and global influence? a. Japan and France b. India and Germany c. Russia and Germany d. China and Russia Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: A Global System in Flux Learning Objective: 16.4 Understand emerging challenges that are shaping U.S. foreign and defense policies in four key geographic regions.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

26.

Congress can exercise influence over foreign policy through its power to __________. a. command the armed forces b. appoint the secretary of defense c. ratify treaties d. recognize the sovereignty of foreign countries Answer: c Topic: How Does the United States Make Foreign and Defense Policy Decisions?

227 ..

Learning Objective: 16.2 Describe the roles of government officials and of other influences on U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 27.

Which of the following is composed of a broad array of the president’s foreign policy advisors and is housed within the White House? a. the Department of State b. the Department of Homeland Security c. the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) d. the National Security Council Answer: d Topic: How Does the United States Make Foreign and Defense Policy Decisions?

Learning Objective: 16.2 Describe the roles of government officials and of other influences on U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

28.

Which of the following is a critique of the military-industrial complex? a. Ordinary citizens are generally uninformed about how the military-industrial complex works. b. Defense industry interest groups have too much influence over defense policy. c. The military decision-making process is too slow and complex. d. The president should have more influence over defense policy because the Constitution puts him or her in charge of the military-industrial complex.

Answer: b Topic: How Does the United States Make Foreign and Defense Policy Decisions?

Learning Objective: 16.2 Describe the roles of government officials and of other influences on U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult

29.

Free trade agreements are designed to prevent which of the following? a. globalization b. democratic enlargement c. détente d. protectionism Answer: d Topic: What Are the Contemporary Challenges in Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.3 Evaluate major foreign and defense policy challenges now facing the United States.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

228 ..

30.

Which of the following is most consistent with the foreign policy of isolationism? a. a country’s refusal to intervene in an armed conflict between two other countries b. a country’s willingness to use diplomatic sanctions to pressure another country to address human rights violations c. the George W. Bush administration’s policy of actively rooting out terrorism before a threat has fully developed d. multilateral trade agreements Answer: a Topic: What Are the Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.1 Outline the major events and issues in the development of U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

31.

During a rapidly developing national security crisis, the U.S. president is most likely to turn to the __________ for advice. a. House Committee on Foreign Affairs b. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations c. United Nations Security Council d. National Security Council Answer: d Topic: How Does the United States Make Foreign and Defense Policy Decisions?

Learning Objective: 16.2 Describe the roles of government officials and of other influences on U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

32.

If Congress is not satisfied with the president’s handling of foreign and defense policy, what can it do to influence those policies? a. It can fire ambassadors who are not executing foreign policy according to Congress’s wishes. b. It can reduce appropriations for executing the policies it dislikes. c. It can command the military to execute foreign policy according to Congress’s wishes. d. It can change foreign policy with a joint declaration of two-thirds of each chamber, which does not require the president’s signature.

Answer: b Topic: How Does the United States Make Foreign and Defense Policy Decisions?

Learning Objective: 16.2 Describe the roles of government officials and of other influences on U.S. foreign and defense policy.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

229 ..

33.

Presidents have sought to overcome congressional opposition to trade agreements by __________. a. issuing executive orders b. obtaining fast-track authority to prevent legislators from amending these agreements c. encouraging the use of the filibuster by legislators from their own party d. appealing to the World Trade Organization for support Answer: b Topic: What Are the Contemporary Challenges in Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.3 Evaluate major foreign and defense policy challenges now facing the United States.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate

34.

From the perspective of foreign-policy realism, nations are primarily motivated to ______. a. advance free-market capitalism b. protect their core national interests c. expand their territory, using military force if necessary d. protect human rights around the globe Answer: b Topic: What Are the Contemporary Challenges in Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.3 Evaluate major foreign and defense policy challenges now facing the United States.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

35.

Governments that adopt a strategic trade policy are likely to ______. a. limit government involvement in international trade b. form bilateral trade agreements with their chief competitors c. provide economic support to key industries that they want to see grow d. permit full trading rights to foreign firms Answer: c Topic: What Are the Contemporary Challenges in Foreign and Defense Policy?

Learning Objective: 16.3 Evaluate major foreign and defense policy challenges now facing the United States.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

36.

Which of the following is a goal shared by China and the United States? a. limiting the spread of nuclear weapons b. eliminating the U.S. trade deficit with China c. reducing tariffs on agricultural and industrial products

230 ..

d. strengthening intellectual property rights Answer: a Topic: Political Realities: A Global System in Flux Learning Objective: 16.4 Understand emerging challenges that are shaping U.S. foreign and defense policies in four key geographic regions.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 37.

Which of the following is an example of Russia’s use of economic means to reassert its greatpower status? a. invasions of two former Soviet republics, Georgia and Ukraine b. President Vladimir Putin’s seizing control of Russian television and other media c. interference in the 2016 and 2020 U.S. presidential elections d. promotion of a “Eurasian Economic Community” as a counterweight to the European Union Answer: d Topic: Political Realities: A Global System in Flux Learning Objective: 16.4 Understand emerging challenges that are shaping U.S. foreign and defense policies in four key geographic regions.

Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate

38.

One challenge facing the European Union has been the emergence of illiberal nationalist governments in such countries as ______. a. the United States b. Hungary and Poland c. Great Britain d. Russia Answer: b Topic: Political Realities: A Global System in Flux Learning Objective: 16.4 Understand emerging challenges that are shaping U.S. foreign and defense policies in four key geographic regions.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate

231 ..