MINI THESIS - GENIUS LOCI : KOTA TINGGI TOWN IN SEARCH OF "THE SPIRIT OF PLACE MAKING"

IN SEARCH OF “ THE SPIRIT OF PLACE MAKING “ 1

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A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the Requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture May 2019

Faculty of Built Environment Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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IN SEARCH OF “ THE SPIRIT OF PLACE MAKING “

BY MUHAMMAD TAUFIQ NORMAN

SBEA 3169 DESIGN 6 DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND SURVEYING BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE

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I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone whose supported me through the project.

I am fortunate enough to receive direct and indirect help for my thesis report needs.

First and foremost, all the praises and thanks be to Allah. The all knowing and wise.

I would like to thank my thesis advisor (studio master) Dr. Wan Zakri for his aspiring guidance, constructive criticism and friendly support during the project work.

My recognition also goes to all lecturer and individual that remain to focus what they have been doing, hard work in this Faculty of Built Environment. Especially in the Department of Architecture, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

Words cannot express how grateful I am to place my unconditionally love to my parents and family. To understand, the difficulty in architecture study life.

Finally, my deepest and secret words that remain unspoken; I pretend to look around, but i was actually looking at “ you� silently until this time.

My heart skips a beat!

Thank you for being an inspiration in my life, indirectly keep me endure this degree study journey.

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 23 April 2019

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Genius Loci in classical Roman mythology means, the protective spirit of a place.

Paraphrasing Christian Norberg-Schuluz word, written on “ Genius Loci - Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture ”. He introducing the concept of “existential space” referring to Existence, Space and Architecture. Is not a logicomathematical term, but contain the basic relation between man and his environment.

Including Space and Character as the forms of it.

Space refer to each 3 dimensional forms that build the tangible things. Then Character refer to the atmosphere of the place.

In essence, Genius Loci is a feeling that reminds you about the place. Uniquely comes from the human interaction, society, culture, memories and the substantial of the architecture itself.

Kota Tinggi town; In search and Re - think on how to developing the town and questionate on how to sustain and develop this town center within the urban con-

text; to project a clear sense of identity as a community settlement for Kota Tinggi district.

In the same way, addresses on seeking for the spirit of place making and as a reminder of what makes Kota Tinggi town a special place and where we need to Re Invest.

Although, in reality the true side of Kota Tinggi town. Is marginalized from development, unlike the nearest town / district around it.

Genius Loci merujuk pada mitologi klasik Rom yang bermaksud, pelindung kepada semangat bagi sesuatu tempat.

Menggarap perkataan yang di nukilkan oleh Christian Norberg-Schuluz, di dalam karyanya “ Genius Loci Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture ”. Beliau memperkenalkan konsep "ruang eksistensial" merujuk kepada Kewujudan, Ruang dan Senibina. Bukanlah istilah yang terbit dari pemahaman logik-matematik, tetapi ada hubungkaitnya Di antara hubungan manusia dengan persekitarannya.

Ini termasuklah Ruang dan Karakter yang di jelmakan sebagai satu bentuk/entiti.

Ruang merujuk pada setiap bentuk 3 dimensi yang terbina dari benda yang nyata. Kemudian Karakter merujuk pada suasana dan keadaan tempat itu.

Pada dasarnya, Genius Loci adalah perasaan yang mengingatkan tentang sesuatu tempat. Uniknya ia boleh hadir dari interaksi antara manusia, masyarakat, budaya, memori dan fizikal seni bina itu sendiri.

Bandar Kota Tinggi; Antara cubaan di buat untuk mencari dan memikirkan semula kaedah yang perlu di ambil bagi membangunkan bandar ini dan mempersoalkan.

Bagaimanakah caranya untuk mengekalkan, lantas membangunkan pusat bandar ini dalam konteks bandar; Lantas mempamerkan identiti yang jelas sebagai petempatan masyarakat di daerah Kota Tinggi.

Bahkan, mewar - warkan kepada umum pencarian nilai dan semangat bagi sesebuah tempat dan mengingatkan tentang apa yang membuatkan bandar Kota Tinggi sebagai sebuah tempat yang istimewa dan di mana perlu di laburkan.

Walaupun, pada hakikatnya keadan sebenar bandar Kota Tinggi dapat dilihat. Terpinggir dari pembangunan, tidak seperti bandar / daerah yang berada dekat di sekitarnya.

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3.4 Globe 3.5 3.6 3.7

Urban / Rural Transformation Centre around the Valletta City Gate, Malta Malaysia Tourism Centre (MaTiC) Adelaide Town Hall 61

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Thesis Statement Background Problem Statement & Issues Aims & Objective Methodology

4.1

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2.1 2.2 2.3

2.4 2.5

Introduction Cities for People – Jan Gehl Kota Tinggi dalam Sejarah - Amad Bahri Mardi 2.3.1 Monuments and Historical Landmarks 2.3.2 Jambatan Kota 2.3.3 Dataran Kota Clock Tower 2.3.4 Masjid Lama Kota Tinggi Civic Center Study – San Francisco Planning Department Conclusion

4.3

4.4 15

3.1 3.2 3.3

Site Location Site Selection Site Analysis 3.3.1 Opportunities & Constraint

Key Public Spaces 4.1.1 Urban Context 4.2 Place Making Initiatives 4.2.1 Welcoming Pavilion 4.2.2 An Event Space, Community Centre 4.2.3 A link to another community - Connecting the Dot

The proposal 4.3.1 Building Programme 4.3.2 Spatial Planning 4.3.3 Technical Aspect & Building Services Conclusion 85 86 87-88 89-90

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Figure 2.3.1 : ‘ Kota Tinggi dalam Sejarah ’ book cover [Amad Bahri Mardi, Persatuan Sejarah Kota Tinggi, 2016]

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Figure 2.3.17 : Shows the main entrance of Masjid Al - Hadi, Kampung Makam [Author]

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Figure 2.3.2 : ‘ Early iron bridge built by the British [Persatuan Sejarah Kota Tinggi]

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Figure 2.3.18 : Shows the graveyard beside Sultan Mahmud’s mausoleum [Author]

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Figure 2.3.3 : ‘ Timber bridge built in 1945 by the British [Persatuan Sejarah Kota Tinggi]

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Figure 2.3.19 : Shows inside Sultan Mahmud’s tomb, Kampung Makam [Author]

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Figure 2.3.4 : ‘ Timber bridge located opposite the old Balai Polis Kota 1528 [Persatuan Sejarah Kota Tinggi]

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Figure 2.3.20 : Shows view toward Kampung Makam - Sungai Johor from Kampung Tembioh [Author]

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Figure 2.3.5 : Balai Kota 1528 main entrance

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Figure 2.3.21 : Show the panorama view along the Sungai Johor near to Kampung Makam, Kota Tinggi [Author]

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Figure 2.3.6 : Restoration of Balai Kota 1528 - Information & Tourist Centre

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Figure 2.3.7 : Balai Kota 1528 , view from Jalan Ah Sang

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Figure 2.3.22 : Laksamana Bentan tomb, Kampung Kelantan [Yayasan Warisan Johor] Figure 2.3.23 : Makam Touhid, Kampung Makam [Yayasan Warisan Johor]

Figure 2.3.8 : Shows the Sungai Johor from Tun Sri Lanang jetty, near to Astaka Budaya [Author]

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Figure 2.3.24 : Bendahara Tun Habib Abdul Majid mausoleum [Author]

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Figure 2.3.9 : Shows the promenade along the Sungai Johor from Jambatan Kota [Author]

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Figure 2.3.25 : Graveyard outside, Bendahara Tun Habib Abdul Majid mausoleum [Author]

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Figure 2.3.10 : Shows view toward Astaka [Author]

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Figure 2.3.26 : First clock tower built in 1958 on the (Arked MARA site now) before being demolished [Persatuan Sejarah Kota Tinggi]

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Figure 2.3.11 : Map indicate 1) Kg. Tembioh, 2) Kg. Makam, 3) Kota Tinggi town centre ,4) Titian Laksamana, 5) Taman Laksamana, 6) Taman Bandar, 7) Laksamana Bentan’s tomb, 8) Jambatan Kota

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Figure 2.3.27 : Dataran Kota parking area, where the night bazaar located [Author]

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Figure 2.3.12 : Shows view from Taman Bandar

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Figure 2.3.13 : Shows entrance to Titian Laksamana

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Figure 2.3.14 : Titian Laksamana from Jambatan Kota

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Figure 2.3.15 : Shows the panorama view from Titian Laksamana, Kota Tinggi

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Figure 2.3.16 : Map indicate 1) Kg. Tembioh, 2) Kg. Makam, 3) Kota Tinggi town centre ,4) Titian Laksamana, 5) Taman Laksamana, 6) Taman Bandar, 7) Laksamana Bentan’s tomb, 8) Jambatan Kota

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Budaya, from Kampung Tembioh

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Figure 3.1 : Highlighted, boundary map of Kota Tinggi district among other district in Johor darul Ta’zim [Geoportal.johor]

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Figure 3.2.1 : Location of proposed site in Kota Tinggi town [Author]

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Figure 3.5.16 : Padang awam & Pejabat Tanah Kota Tinggi

Figure 3.2.2 : Location of proposed site in Blok Perancang (BP) 4 [Author]

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Figure 3.5.17 : Laman Tun Sri Lanang

Figure 3.3.1 : Shows current state of proposed site [Author] Figure 3.5.1 : Shows view from Jalan Niaga located between Kompleks Perniagaan dan Pasar Awam MDKT (public market) – Laman Tun Sri Lanang

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Figure 3.5.15 : Titian Laksamana pedestrian link bridge

Figure 3.5.18 : Dataran Kota

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Figure 3.5.19 : Masjid Jamek Kota Tinggi

Figure 3.5.2 : Shows view from Jalan Niaga located between Kompleks Perniagaan dan Pasar Awam MDKT (public market) - Gerai Setara MDKT

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Figure 3.5.20 : Kota Tinggi lake garden near to Pejabat Tanah

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Figure 3.5.3 : Shows Jalan Niaga view toward Kompleks Perniagaan dan Pasar Awam MDKT (public market) from bus and taxi terminal.

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Figure 3.5.21 : Kompleks Perniagaan dan Pasar Awam MDKT

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Figure 3.5.4 : Shows bus and taxi terminal located between Jalan Niaga & Jalan Niaga 11.

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Figure 3.7.1 : Shows the image of a city gate that striving to bring back the feeling of depth and strength of a fort and to enhancing the narrowness of the entrance to the city [Archello]

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Figure 3.7.2 : On the other hand, stone is used for the building’s facade to reduce solar heat gain and to allow natural ventilation. Stone is also effective as part of the building’s geothermal heat exchanger.

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Figure 3.7.3 : The parliament’s facades are finished in solid stone. This stone has been sculpted as though orientated by the direction of the sun and the views around it.

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Figure 3.7.4 : Creating a porous urban block was at the forefront of the building’s volumetric design.

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Figure 3.7.5 : Valleta City Gate sectional elevation [Rebecca Bezzina, Pinterest.com]

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Figure 3.5.5 : Laman Tun Sri Lanang water taxi jetty ; promenade Figure 3.5.6 : Promenade along Laman Tun Sri Lanang

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Figure 3.5.7 : Shows view from old shop houses, Arked MARA to Jalan Besar Jambatan Kota in peak hour

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Figure 3.5.8 : Shows view to proposed site, between two main road Jalan Tun Sri Lanang (right) & Jalan Tun Habab (left)

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Figure 3.5.9 : Shows view from Arked MARA ; junction between two main road

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Figure 3.5.10 : Shows view from pedestrian walkway ; Jalan Besar

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Figure 3.5.11 : Shows view from pedestrian walkway ; Jalan Tun Sri lanang

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Figure 3.5.12 : Shows view toward shop houses ; focal point to government administration area

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Figure 3.5.13 : Shows overall view (Jalan Tun Sri Laanang - Jalan Tun Habab) junction

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Figure 3.5.14 : Low maintenance of existing public facilities, such as pedestrian

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Figure 5.1.1 : Urban context around Kota Tinggi Town Center

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Figure 5.3.8 : Structural Isometric Diagram & Special Details

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Figure 5.1.2 : Urban context around Kota Tinggi Town Center from bird eye view

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Figure 5.3.9 : Front Elevation - Town Hall

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Figure 5.3.10 : East Elevation - Town Hall

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Figure 5.3.11 : Left Elevation - Town Hall

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Figure 5.3.12 : South Elevation - Town Hall

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Figure 5.2.1 : Ross Pavillion performance space [Source : William Matthews Associates ]

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Figure 5.2.2 : Idea to create a connection between people and the places they share through public realm, place making vibe, outdoor social area.

[Source : Author ]

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Figure 5.2.3 : Interior perspective of Library / Information Access Area

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Figure 5.3.13 : Section B - B - Town Hall

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Figure 5.2.4 : Interior perspective of Gallery

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Figure 5.3.14 : Floor Plan Isometric Diagram

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Figure 5.2.5 : A link to Urban context development around Kota Tinggi Town Center

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Figure 5.3.15 : Schematic Diagram of Parking & Circulation

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Figure 5.3.1 : Building Program Diagram - Longitudinal Sectional Perspective

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Figure 5.3.16 : Schematic Diagram of Electrical Supply

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Figure 5.3.2 : Building Program Diagram - Cross Sectional Perspective

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Figure 5.3.17 : Schematic Diagram of Air Conditioning

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Figure 5.3.3 : Basement Floor Level - Town Hall

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Figure 5.3.18 : Schematic Diagram of Sewerage & Drainage

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Figure 5.3.4 : Ground Floor Level - Town Hall

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Figure 5.3.19 : Schematic Diagram of Fire Regulation

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Figure 5.3.5 : First Floor Level - Town Hall

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Figure 5.3.6 : 2nd Floor Level - Town Hall

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Figure 5.3.7 : 3rd - 5th & Observation Floor Level - Town Hall

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Appendice : Presentation Board

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1.1 l Thesis Statement 1.2 l Background 1.3 l Issues roblem Statement 1.4 l Aims & Objective 1.5 l Methodology

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This thesis is an experiment on searching and developing the site and questionate on how to sustain and develop Kota Tinggi town center within the urban context; to project a clear sense of identity as a community settlement for Kota Tinggi district.

The study addresses on searching for the spirit of place making and a reminder of what makes Bandar Kota Tinggi a special place and where we need to Re - Invest.

Development Hierachy

Pusat Separa Wilayah Negeri

Area Affected Kota Tinggi Main Function

Generally, based on the Rancangan Struktur Negeri (RSN) Johor, Bandar Kota Tinggi identified as a Pusat Separa Wilayah Negeri (State Sub Regional Territory). This coincided with the function of the Bandar Kota Tinggi as a district centre, administrative centre and service centre for Kota Tinggi district.

  

Based on the hierarchy of the settlement, this Blok Perancang (BP) will divided into two small settlement center that contributed to the development progress.

This BP 4 covers an area of 59,551.00 hectares which is 16.97% from the Rancangan Tempatan Daerah (RTD) total area.

Major land use in this BP is agriculture (52.43 %) and housing (23.49%).

Pusat Petempatan Kecil - Felda Sg Sayong - Felda Pasir Raja

District Administrative Center  Heritage Tourism Town  Service Centre and High Standard Trading Area  

Central Settlement Commercial centre with limited service functions Offering low and medium grade goods that provide services for local communities Light Industry ( Services Industry)

Table 1.0 : Blok Perancang (BP) 4 Development Hierachy [Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Kota Tinggi 2020]

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A town is a place with many streets and buildings, where people live and work.

Towns are larger than villages and smaller than cities.

The places where society meet to trade, exchange idea, or simply loosen up and relish themselves.

A good architecture in town’s public realm - are design to ensures good interaction between public life and public space (Jan Gehl & Birgitte Svarre, How to Study Public Life, Island Press, 1936).

In this context, is understandable that public space can be consider as streets, buildings, alleys, square, bollard ; all thing that can be treated part of the built environment.

Place making as a process alter spaces into meaningful places is a developing movement that has been draw attention and notice as illustrate in increasing numbers of publications in recent years. (e.g. Jan Gehl,

Cities for People, Aldo Aymonino & Valerio Paolo Mosco, Contemporary Public Space Un— volumetric Architecture)

To manifested the planning between Town Hall and Information Centre, as a multifunctional event space in order to expressing the physical infrastructure values for community engagement and how the town of Kota Tinggi will transform through place making process.

These statements include:

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Intensifying connection between different parts of the town(north - residential, government administration area) , (south - educational hub, residential) , this 2 block divided by the Johor River.



The creation of effective edges - bringing greater vibe to buildings - so that activities within the site context can be seen.



The public realm strategy should build up the town hall objective , discovering in effect of government based services. The street furniture, landscaping, lighting and way finding should undivided space that promote interaction, learning and collaboration.

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The fundamental objective of the Kota Tinggi Town Hall is to manifested the planning between Town Hall and Information Centre, as a multi-functional event space in order to expressing the physical infrastructure values for community engagement and how the town of Kota Tinggi will transform through place making process.

1. Evaluate the initial role and function of the Government building as the center works with communities to collect data assess by collecting responses to survey questions 2. To design a place, serves as a catalyst for growth with improved infrastructure, environmental art, green space, and new spaces for education and public gatherings.

3. Building places that will reflects as a new and inviting public spaces, to raise local awareness in community based participation.

This study would summarising the method that has been use to derive its solutions, there are the different stages of the process:

An in-depth understanding of the existing scenario of Kota Tinggi will be necessary at this stage while developing the proposal.

1. Planning background, existing proposal, and study of historical background in Kota Tinggi.

2. An initial interpretation from book case studies.

Understanding of the historical context of the town of Kota Tinggi comprehensively. This would be achieved through reading relevant literature and site visits. This would help the author to understand the spirit and soul of the town so that any proposed design is developed with good consideration to its potential. This would be followed by a comprehensive study into all existing relevant planning proposals by the local authorities in Kota Tinggi along with any proposals that are being considered by the government. The sources for this information would be planning documents by the RTDKT 2020 (Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Kota Tinggi 2020), CDP ii (Comprehensive Development Plan 2) Iskandar Malaysia 2014 - 2025.

4. Detailed design of the linking of the nodes

This part of the study would involve reading reference books on relevant subjects and developing outcomes for the contents on how to encounter the specific issue in Kota Tinggi.

The outcomes of the whole process should be a detailed proposal (masterplan) including the initial idea / initiative. An illustration of how the proposal works will be represented through design of place making followed by Computer Aided Drafting (CADD) drawings and photomontages showing the main elements of the design.

3. Issues on site through a Site Inventory Analysis and Identification of solutions.

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Observing into the most appropriate site planning. This part of the study will identifying possible locations as transit points and possible places, nodes and routes that would constitute the journey to interconnecting to each place in the radius of Kota Tinggi town center.

B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J.

Case / Precedent Study Literature Review Observation Interview Design Process Site Study Building Programme Feasibilty Study Evidence Collection Authority Guidelines

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2.1 l Introduction 2.2 l Cities for People 2.3 l Civic Center Study 2.4 l Kota Tinggi dalam Sejarah Monuments and Historical Landmarks 2.3.1 Jambatan Kota & Balai kota 1528 2.3.2 Sungai Johor - Jambatan Laksamana Historical heritage along Kota Tinggi town riverside 2.3.3 Dataran Kota Clock Tower

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dwellers.

This chapter will linger around the issues of morphology and use of public space to the extent that every author has examines through books, literature, and other medium. And it is important to see it from a different point of view, but some of them may entirely agree when it focus in the circle of the relationship between public spaces and civic society and how the two are completely associate.

2.2.1 Dominant planning ideologies – modernism in particular accomodating the rocketing rise in car traffic – THE HUMAN DIMENSION

- the traditional function of city space as a meeting place and social forum for city space as a meeting place and social forum (city dweller) reduced, threatened / phase out - put a low priority on public space, pedestrianism and the role of city space as a meeting place for urban

- market forces and related architectural trends have gradually shifted focus from the interrelations and common spaces of the city to individual buildings (more isolated, introverted and dismissive) - the potential for a lively city is strengthened when more people are invited to walk, bike and stay in city space. The importance of life in public space, particularly the social and cultural opportunities as well as the attractions associated with a lively city will be discussed in a later section.

- a city that invites people to walk must by definition have reasonably cohesive structure that offers short walking distances, attractive public spaces and a variation of urban functions. These elements increase activity and the feeling of security in and around town spaces.

2.2.2 l THE CITY AS MEETING PLACE Concept “Life Between Buildings”, different activities people engage in when they use common city space ; purposeful walks from

place to place, promenades, short stops, longer stays, window shopping, conversations and meetings, exercise, dancing, recreation, street trade, children’s play, begging and street entertainment.

- where conditions for life on foot are improved, the extent of walking activities increases significantly - see even more extensive growth in social and recreational activities - more roads invite more traffic; better infrastructure for bicyclist invite more people to ride bikes; but by improving the condition for “pedestrians” ‘not only strengthen pedestrian traffic, most importantly strengthen city life.

Monumental and Landmark 4.1 Town Central place for government administration, judicial services and public gatherings; center for art and culture

- educational institutions, related to the arts, law and public

policy - preserve architecturally significant structures and enhance the architectural character of the area through proper design; new buildings, open spaces, streets and signage 4.2 Symbolic and ceremonial focus for the administrative and civil judicial functions of the town, state and federal governments and as a focal point for cultural, ceremonial and political activities.

- Public agencies which provide basic governmental services, and particularly those agencies used intensively by the public - facilitate public access and convenience - cultural facilities; Libraries, galleries, theatres, museums, concert hall.

4.3 Public Gathering / Open Space - Any major land area, open and unobstructed - provides passive or active areas for public gathering and recreation 4.4 Support services - ancillary commercial activities - support government office, judicial and art activities; office for attorneys, architects, and other consultants - food and beverage service

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2.3.1 Jambatan Kota & Balai Kota 1528 The iron bridge is an early bridge built by the British government across the Sungai Johor in the 1930s. It serves as a road use by public, Besides, it been use as a public path straight to the town centre, as well used by the British military vehicle.

Figure 2.3.1 : ‘ Kota Tinggi dalam Sejarah ’ book cover

[Amad Bahri Mardi, Persatuan Sejarah Kota Tinggi, 2016]

When the Second World War began on December 1941, the bridge was intentionally bombed by the British.

In an attempt to prevent / stop Japanese advance toward Johor Bahru in action to detain the British military base in Singapore.

As a historical district that ha s b e e n t h e r e , around more than 400 years, Kota Tinggi has a few impressive landmark and become an honor for people inside it.

Most of the landmark displa yed important historical symbols to the district.

During the reign of Japan, floating bridge were constructed to replace the destroyed bridge. It built on timber flooring and support by oil barrels beneath it. But, it can only be used for pedestrians and can not be used by public transport.

But do we realize the historical value behind it?

A new wood-based bridge was built in 1945 when the British returned colonized.

The wooden bridges play an important role and vital links between two partial side of Kota Tinggi town in almost twenty years. In the meantime act as important link / main route between people to enter the city centre. Via Jalan Tepian Sungai and Jalan Tambatan, straight toward Mersing, Kampung Kelantan, waterfall and Jalan Lombong.

Figure 2.3.2 : ‘ Early iron bridge built by the British

[Persatuan Sejarah Kota Tinggi]

As a result, what can we see here. The revolution in the Kota Tinggi town bridge construction timeline until now.

The location of the iron bridge is to connect the Jalan Tambatan to Jalan Kampung Tembioh now.

While the timber bridge is built opposite the old Balai Polis Kota 1528 building.

Current Kota Tinggi bridge now is located in the middle of the first two bridges.

Therefore, create new roadway to enter the city center that connects Jalan Besar Jambatan Kota - Jalan Johor. Thus, closes the function of Jalan Tambatan as the main road in Kota Tinggi town.

Figure 2.3.3 : ‘ Timber bridge built in 1945 by the British [Persatuan Sejarah Kota Tinggi]

Figure 2.3.4 : ‘ Timber bridge located opposite the old Balai Polis Kota 1528

[Persatuan Sejarah Kota Tinggi]

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Figure 2.3.6 top : Restoration of Balai Kota 1528 Information & Tourist Centre Figure 2.3.7 bottom : Balai Kota 1528 , view from Jalan Ah Sang

Figure 2.3.5

Top & bottom: :

Balai Kota 1528 main entrance

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2.3.3 Sungai Johor Sungai Johor provides a closer encounter with the fascinate environment of the mangrove forest. Kota Johor Lama and several historical sites are located at the banks of the river which once served as the capital city for the Johor Sultanate.

Sungai Johor carry the untold story of the Johor Sultanate as well as various historical and natural attractions sites along the river embankment.

Figure 2.3.8 right : Shows the Sungai Johor from Tun Sri Lanang jetty, near to Astaka Budaya [Author]

Figure 2.3.9 top left: : Shows the promenade along the Sungai Johor from Jambatan Kota [Author] Figure 2.3.11 bottom : Show the panorama view along the Sungai Johor near to Kampung Makam, Kota Tinggi

[Author]

Figure 2.3.10 bottom left : Shows view toward Astaka Budaya, from Kampung Tembioh [Author]

10 Figure 2.3.12 right: Shows view from Taman Bandar

Titian Laksamana

Figure 2.3.13 left : Shows entrance to Titian Laksamana

Pedestrian Walkway Bridge (Titian Laksamana), which connects Taman Laksamana to Taman Bandar through steel structure bridge crosses the Sungai Johor, It is constructed for the purpose of :  

   

Linking the activity between Taman Bandar with Taman Laksamana the use for public and students to cross the river (education area blog) Taman Bandar One of the iconic element that catalyses the river activities creating a new identity for Kota Tinggi boosting ecotourism development support to preserve some particular aspects of the heritage site and some recent developments in cultural heritage practices along the Sungai Johor

Figure 2.3.11 below : Map indicate 1) Kg. Tembioh, 2) Kg. Makam, 3) Kota Tinggi town centre ,4) Titian Laksamana, 5) Taman Laksamana, 6) Taman Bandar, 7) Laksamana Bentan’s tomb, 8) Jambatan Kota

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Figure 2.3.14 left : Titian Laksamana from Jambatan Kota

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Figure 2.3.15 bottom : Shows the panorama view from Titian Laksamana, Kota Tinggi

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Historical heritage along Kota Tinggi town riverside

Figure 2.3.17 top right : Shows the main entrance of Masjid Al - Hadi, Kampung Makam

The mausoleum of Sultan Mahmud II in Kampung Makam, becomes one of the iconic and attraction place to the local and foreign visitors

[Author]

The story of the Sultan who was report to be tyrant were killed by Laksamana Bentan, became the cause why many visitors interested and came to this mausoleum Bendahara Tun Habib Abdul Majid mausoleum and Kota Touhid mausoleum, are the two remaining historical attraction in this village. Which is still there until now.

Figure 2.3.20 right : Shows view toward Kampung Makam - Sungai Johor from Kampung Tembioh

[Author]

Figure 2.3.21 bottom : Show the panorama view along the Sungai Johor near to Kampung Makam, Kota Tinggi

[Author]

[Author]

Figure 2.3.18 middle right : Shows the graveyard beside Sultan Mahmud’s mausoleum Figure 2.3.19 bottom right : Shows inside Sultan Mahmud’s tomb, Kampung Makam [Author] 2

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Figure 2.3.16 up: Map indicate, 1) Kg. Tembioh,2) Kg. Makam,3) Kota Tinggi town centre ,4) Jambatan Laksamana, 5) Taman Laksamana, 6) Taman Bandar, 7) Laksamana Bentan’s tomb, 8) Jambatan Kota [Author]

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The tomb of Laksamana Bentan is located in Kampung Kelantan near to the Sungai Kemang riverbank .

Traveling. 2km distance from Kota Tinggi town.

Historical background The real name of Laksamana Bentan is Megat Seri Rama, from Bentan Sumatera and served as naval commander for Sultan Mahmud Syah II. He was tasked, to overthrowing pirates off Sungai Johor coast.

Figure 2.3.24up : Bendahara Tun Habib Abdul Majid mausoleum [Author] Figure 2.3.25 bottom : Graveyard outside, Bendahara Tun Habib Abdul Majid mausoleum

[Author]

Figure 2.3.22up : Laksamana Bentan tomb, Kampung Kelantan [Yayasan Warisan Johor] Figure 2.3.23 bottom : Makam Touhid, Kampung Makam [Yayasan Warisan Johor]

13

2.3.4 Dataran Kota Clock Tower Dataran Kota located on Jalan Tun Sri Lanang is the central landmark, built within the downtown area. In year 2000 it was built in conjunction with the Kota Tinggi district to host the 43rd national day celebration for Johor state level. Dataran Kota became the main stage for the celebration which was also attended by the Chief Minister of Johor Bahru.

Since then, this place has always been the focal point for official events at the district, state and international level.

Each night Dataran Kota is transformed into a great night bazaar. Buzzling with visitor, place you can buy anything also fill with eateries where you can eat well for a small price.

This clock tower was built for the second time. Previously in 1958, this landmark was raised on the site of Arked MARA building, Jalan Lombong (now Jalan Tun Habab).

For the purpose of built a new building and to widening the road, that monument was demolished in 1972.

Figure 2.3.26 : First clock tower built in 1958 on the (Arked MARA site now) before being demolished

[Persatuan Sejarah Kota Tinggi]

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Figure 2.3.27 : Dataran Kota parking area, where the night bazaar located

[Author]

15

3.6

3.1 Introduction 3.2 Site Location 3.3 Site Information 3.4 Site Inventory 3.5 Observation Opportunities & Constraint

3.7

Valletta City Gate, Malta

Title : Parts of Kota Tinggi & Johore Bahru Districts, Kota Tinggi. Johore Covering Date : 1928 Publication Notes : Surveyor-General, Federated Malay States (F.M.S.) and Straits Settlements (S.S.) Source : Survey Department, Singapore

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This site is located under the administration of Kota Tinggi District Council land use area.

Agriculture is the main land use (53.50%) which is largely planting oil palm. This is in line with the re-delineation that has been gazetted for, the administration of the Kota Tinggi District Council (MDKT)and Pengerang Local Authorities (PBT Pengerang).

covered area of 226, 353.00 hectares (64.51%) in line with the redelineation.

Location Plan

PROPOSED SITE

Kota Tinggi town is placed at the estuary of Sungai Johor and approximately 40KM distance from Johor Bahru.

As a whole Kota Tinggi District Council recorded an Kota Tinggi District (MDKT & Pengerang Local Authorities)

Figure 3.2.1 top : Location of proposed site in Kota Tinggi town

[Author]

Figure 3.2.2 bottom : Location of proposed site in Blok Perancang (BP) 4

[Author] Key Plan PROPOSED SITE

Figure 3.1 : Highlighted, boundary map of Kota Tinggi district among other district in Johor darul Ta’zim

[Geoportal.johor]

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The proposed site is located at the junction of Jalan Tun Sri Lanang and Jalan Tun Habab. The site is located between shop houses, focal point entrance into Kota Tinggi town center opposite the Arked MARA Jalan Tun Habab (Jalan Lombong).

Agriculture is the main land use (53.50%) which is largely planting oil palm. This is in line with the re-delineation that has been gazetted for, the administration of the Kota Tinggi District Council (MDKT)and Pengerang Local Authorities (PBT Pengerang).

As a whole Kota Tinggi District Council recorded an covered area of 226, 353.00 hectares (64.51%) in line with the redelineation.

This site covers an area of 59,551.00 hectares which is 16.97% from the Rancangan Tempatan Daerah (RTD) total area.

Major land use in this BP is agriculture (52.43 %) and housing (23.49%).

Other settlements in the vicinity of Kota Tinggi town is like Sri Saujana, Felda Bukit Besar, Felda Raja Alias, Felda Sungai Sayong and Felda Bukit Ramon. Based on Rancangan Struktur Negeri (RSN) Johor, Kota Tinggi town identified as Pusat Separa Wilayah Negeri.

The development analysis around the site is projected along the Jalan Kota Tinggi Ulu Tiram - Johor Bahru (Sri Saujana, PULADA and Taman Daiman) and Jalan Kota Tinggi - Kulai.

So any form of development Must be in the class - land use which has been predetermined :        

Retail (A & C) Gas stations (A & C) Restaurants (A & C) Community facilities Agriculture (A & C) Public facilities Recreation Infrastructure & utilities

Notes : (A & C) - allowed with Conditional Estimated total area of the site around 1.66 Acre (6718 (Square Meter). In general the proposed site is filled with bushes and unhabited.

Then the BP is divided into Blok Perancangan Kecil (BPK), where there are six BPK component. The proposed site is under the BPK 4.3 (Kota Tinggi town centre, Kampung Kelantan, Kampung batu, Kampung Panti, Kampung Sepak, Kampung Makam, Kampung Batu 4, Kampung Lukut) The proposed site is under land use zone of open space and recreation.

Figure 3.3.1 : Shows current state of proposed site

[Author]

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3.4

SITE INVENTORY A list of elements that currently exist on the property. The location of inventoried elements can be recorded on a base map or simple plot plan

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Commercial Building

22

Government Building

23

Circulation - Traffic Condition

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Circulation - Types of Road

25

Residential, Religious, Health, Transportation and Mix Building Development

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The annual temperature of the site is quite constant throughout the year. With the maximum temperature of 31°C and lowest on December.

The rainfall is the heaviest in the month of November and December. Due to the incoming North-East monsoon which Kota Tinggi is more prone towards it, due to its location where it is nearer to the north east shoreline.

In the month nearing march and October the sun will travel directly above the site. Therefore the sun will conjure shorter shadows.

The surrounding building is not tall enough to create shade to the site.

Temperature & Sun Orientation

This is in the month ofJanuary where the sun is tilted to the south. It is capableof conjuring longer shadow around the site

Sun Path Diagram on Site

Sun Path Isometric Diagram on Site

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Wind Flow

In the period from August untill March,the wind comes majorly comes from the North direction.

While in the period of April to September the wind blows from the southern direction.

The wind flow is relatively high in the noon. But the wind dies down during the night and become almost stagnant when reaching midnight. The wind will regain movement after day break.

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The sky condition of Kota Tinggi is mostly partly cloudy, whereas Overcast sky is the second most frequent phenomena. The cloud will be expected to cover all of the surrounding and creating filter towards the incoming sunlight.

Cloud Coverage

Partly Cloudy

Overcast Sky

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3.5

OBSERVATION This is part of the research phase. The site design and site planning process begins with the initial problem to be observed and solved

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PATH

Paths are the channels along which the observer customarily, occasionally, or potentially moves.

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PATH

People observe the city while moving through it, and along these paths the other environmental elements are arranged and related.

- Kevin Lynch -

Figure 3.5.1 top left : Shows view from Jalan Niaga located between

Kompleks Perniagaan dan Pasar Awam MDKT (public market) - Laman Tun Sri Lanang

Figure 3.5.2 bottom right : Shows view from Jalan Niaga located between Kompleks

Perniagaan dan Pasar Awam MDKT

(public market) -

Gerai Setara MDKT

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PATH

Paths may not only be identifiable and continuous, but have directional quality as well - Kevin Lynch -

Figure 3.5.3 top left : Shows Jalan Niaga view toward Kompleks

Perniagaan dan Pasar Awam MDKT (public market) from bus and taxi terminal.

Figure right : Shows taxi located

3.5.4 top bus and terminal between

Jalan Niaga & Jalan Niaga 11.

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EDGES

Edges are the linear elements not considered as paths: they are usually, but not quite always, the boundaries between two kinds of areas.

- Kevin Lynch -

Figure 3.5.5 top : Laman Tun Sri Lanang water taxi jetty ; promenade Figure 3.5.6 right : Promenade along Laman Tun Sri Lanang

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PATH

Paths with clear and well-known origins and destinations had stronger identities, - Kevin Lynch -

Figure 3.5.7 top left & bottom right: : Shows view from old shop houses, Arked MARA to Jalan Besar Jambatan Kota in peak hour Figure 3.5.8 bottom left : Shows view to proposed site, between two main road Jalan Tun Sri Lanang (right) & Jalan Tun Habab (left)

PATH

Helped tie the city together and gave the observer a sense of his bearings whenever he crossed them - Kevin Lynch -

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NODES

the strategic foci into which the observer can enter, typically either junctions of paths - Kevin Lynch -

Figure 3.5.9 top : Shows view from Arked MARA ; junction between two main road Figure 3.5.10 bottom left : Shows view from pedestrian walkway ; Jalan

Besar

Figure 3.5.11 bottom right : Shows view from pedestrian walkway ; Jalan

Tun Sri lanang

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Figure 3.5.12 top : Shows view toward shop houses ; focal point to government administration area Figure 3.5.13 bottom

right :

Shows overall view (Jalan Tun Sri Laanang - Jalan Tun Habab) junction Figure 3.5.14 middle left & bottom left: Low maintenance of existing public facilities, such as pedestrian

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NODES

This tendency was confirmed so repeatedly that elements located at junctions may automatically be assumed to derive special prominence from their location.

- Kevin Lynch -

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Figure 3.5.18

right

Dataran Kota

Figure 3.5.15 top right : Titian Laksamana pedestrian link bridge Figure 3.5.16 middle

Figure 3.5.19 top left : Masjid Jamek Kota Tinggi Figure 3.5.20 middle right &

left:

Kota Tinggi lake garden near to Pejabat Tanah Figure 3.5.21bottom left: Kompleks Perniagaan dan Pasar Awam MDKT

right :

Padang awam & Pejabat Tanah Kota Tinggi Figure 3.5.17bottom

right :

Laman Lanang

Tun

Sri

LANDMARKS simply defined physical object: building, sign, store, or mountain. Their use involves the singling our of one element from a host of possibilities.

- Kevin Lynch -

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GENERAL FUNCTION

BUILDING

place as the second business done most in Kota Tinggi

Building functions in Kota Tinggi are dominating in business especially at the shoplots around the proposed site

There are a few educational buildings around the town such as SJK (C) Pei Hwa and Kolej Komuniti Kota Tinggi.

Mainly, business done are more dominant towards eatery and food sector

Different religious buildings are to be seen as well around the site such as Surau Umar Ibnu al- Khatab, Thekchen Temple etc.

Second, business in textiles and fashion industry takes

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Based on the responses collected from the local respondents, the highest demand for the type of building needed/

Data is collected within : - 19 Malays ( 12Male & 7 Female ) - 6 Chinese ( 5 Male & 1 Female ) - 5 Indian ( 5 Male )

wanted in the town of Kota Tinggi would be a Cultural Esplanade.

This demand is high due to the perception that Kota Tinggi is surrounded by other towns that has much more cultural

influences thus making the town most suitable to be a centre for expressing cultural values.

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The second highest request would be for a community house to be built in the town as the whole town is lacking of

comm uni ty spaces where the locals can gather and spend their time at one spot.The request for an entertain-

ment pivot were seen due to the locals saying that the town is lacking of places of entertainment to go to during

their spare time.

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Opportunities

- Lack of connectivity of pedestrian walkway between roads(Lack of zebra crossings) - Near to shoplots (most shoplots are not in operation) - Lack of gathering spaces for community - Historical and old buildings are poorly preserved/ maintained - Poor water drainage that causes flood in Bandar Kota Tinggi

Constraints

General Concerns

- Site is easy to spot as it is strategically located at the main road (focal point)

- Location of the Kota Tinggi goes as far as 42 km away (north-east) from Johor Bahru on the road towards Mersing.

- Existing pedestrian walkway at site - Near to the sungai johor and commercial building - Rich in historical values - Receives breeze throughout the day from Sungai Johor

- The location makes the town a pass-by town by road users from Pengerang Johor Bahru vice versa. The town becomes a town for stop over for most people besides locals.

- Flooding; The site located in the middle of the town is a part of the area that faces flood regularly.

- The locals call the town an “Almost Dead Town� because of slow business almost throughout the whole town.

- The overall population collected has decreased over the past year; locals informed more people prefer to live in bigger cities (Johor Bahru, Kota Iskandar) to live and work at.

- Throughout the entire town, a lot of buildings that has historical/heritage value

are poorly taken care off making them abandoned/ destructed.

Conclusions - The location of the town should be considered an advantage for designing and construction of a building to be done. Opportunity to make the whole town liveable is possible.

- The strong points of opportunity of the site and town is that it is located near to Sungai Johor which is the main river of the whole state of Johor.

- The site is challenging due to the lack of people coming around the site. Plus, the site is located at an area that faces flood regularly thus design of building shall be protected from this factor - Another challenge; Shoplots with no tenants are around.

- However, the site has potential due to the location by the main roads in the town.

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The fundamental objective of the Kota Tinggi Town Hall is to manifested the planning between Town Hall and Information Centre, as a multi-functional event space in order to expressing the physical infrastructure values for community engagement and how the town of Kota Tinggi will transform through place making process.

1. Evaluate the initial role and function of the Government building as the center works with communities to collect data assess by collecting responses to survey questions 2. To design a place, serves as a catalyst for growth with improved infrastructure, environmental art, green space, and new spaces for education and public gatherings.

3. Building places that will reflects as a new and inviting public spaces, to raise local awareness in community based participation.

This study would summarising the method that has been use to derive its solutions, there are the different stages of the process:

An in-depth understanding of the existing scenario of Kota Tinggi will be necessary at this stage while developing the proposal.

1. Planning background, existing proposal, and study of historical background in Kota Tinggi.

2. An initial interpretation from book case studies.

Understanding of the historical context of the town of Kota Tinggi comprehensively. This would be achieved through reading relevant literature and site visits. This would help the author to understand the spirit and soul of the town so that any proposed design is developed with good consideration to its potential. This would be followed by a comprehensive study into all existing relevant planning proposals by the local authorities in Kota Tinggi along with any proposals that are being considered by the government. The sources for this information would be planning documents by the RTDKT 2020 (Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Kota Tinggi 2020), CDP ii (Comprehensive Development Plan 2) Iskandar Malaysia 2014 - 2025.

4. Detailed design of the linking of the nodes

This part of the study would involve reading reference books on relevant subjects and developing outcomes for the contents on how to encounter the specific issue in Kota Tinggi.

The outcomes of the whole process should be a detailed proposal (masterplan) including the initial idea / initiative. An illustration of how the proposal works will be represented through design of place making followed by Computer Aided Drafting (CADD) drawings and photomontages showing the main elements of the design.

3. Issues on site through a Site Inventory Analysis and Identification of solutions.

A.

Observing into the most appropriate site planning. This part of the study will identifying possible locations as transit points and possible places, nodes and routes that would constitute the journey to interconnecting to each place in the radius of Kota Tinggi town center.

B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J.

Case / Precedent Study Literature Review Observation Interview Design Process Site Study Building Programme Feasibilty Study Evidence Collection Authority Guidelines

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Culture & History of the Valletta , Malta

Valletta is Malta’s capital city, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980, and today it’s a hub for government as well as music and public art. Valletta is a small capital, with a population of less than 7,000 people living in the city proper. Its small size, however, doesn’t diminish the city’s charm or its historic significance.

[Source : Celebrity Cruises ]

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3.7

Valletta City Gate, Malta PRECEDENT & CASE STUDIES

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Culture & History of the Valletta , Malta

The city was established in 1566 by the Knights of Malta, who developed a new grid plan for the city. Valletta has a varied history of occupations by the Ottomans, the French, and the British throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. Valletta saw a lot of destruction during World War II as a result of German and Italian air attacks, damaging the city’s Royal Opera House and many other buildings. The city’s architecture contains a heavy Baroque influence, and Malta is a major art destination, [Source : Celebrity Cruises ]

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3.7

Valletta City Gate, Malta PRECEDENT & CASE STUDIES

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Valletta City Gate, Renzo Piano Building Workshop The first objective of the project was therefore to reinstate the barrier’ original feeling of depth and strength and to reinforce the narrowness of the entrance to the city, while opening up views.

The new city gate is a ‘breach’ in the wall only 8m wide. The relationship between the original fortifications and those that have been reconstructed is made clear by the insertion of powerful 60mm -thick steel ‘blades’ that slice through the wall between old and new.

[Source : ArchDaily ]

Figure 3.7.1 : Shows the image of a city gate that striving to bring back the feeling of depth and strength of a fort and to enhancing the narrowness of the entrance to the city Figure 3.7.2 up & bottom : On the other hand, stone is used for the building’s facade to reduce solar heat gain and to allow natural ventilation. Stone is also effective as part of the building’s geothermal heat exchanger.

The Parliament, an environmentally responsible building The parliament building is made up of two massive blocks in stone that are balanced on slender columns to give the building a sense of lightness, the whole respecting the line of the existing street layout. The northernmost block is principally given over to the parliament chamber, while the south block accommodates members of parliament’s offices and the offices of the Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition.

[Source : ArchDaily ]

60 Figure 3.7.3 left : & bottom The parliament’s facades are finished in solid stone.

This stone has been sculpted as though orientated by the direction of the sun and the views around it.

The key element of this redevelopment was opening the gate to welcoming and lead people to the new gateway, this rearrangement frees the barricades from the arcade that formerly concealed them inside ‘the fort city’, allowing them to be seen to their full height and power.

Valletta City Gate, Malta

[Source : ArchDaily ] Figure 3.7.4 bottom : Creating a porous urban block was at the forefront of the building’s volumetric design.

The Building Facade The facades are finished in solid stone. Creating a fully functional device that screen solar radiation while letting natural daylight fenestrate inside. Each of these blocks of facade has been chiselled by a numerically controlled machine. The result is a stone architecture that is fitting for its historic context but also the product of cutting-edge technology. [Source : ArchDaily ] Figure 3.7.5 : Valleta City Gate sectional elevation [Rebecca Bezzina, Pinterest.com]

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4.1

Key Public Spaces

41.1 Urban Context 4.2

Place Making Initiatives

4.2.1 Welcoming Pavilion 4.2.2 An Event Space, Community Centre Opening 4.2.3 A link to another community - Connecting the Dot

4.3

The Proposal

4.3.1 Building Programme 4.3.2 Spatial Planning 4.3.3 Technical Aspect & Building Services 4.4

Conclusion

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Urban Context

The proposed site is located at the junction of Jalan Tun Sri Lanang and Jalan Tun Habab.

The site is located between shop houses, focal point entrance into Kota Tinggi town center opposite the Arked MARA Jalan Tun Habab (Jalan Lombong).

Figure 5.1.1 : Urban context around Kota Tinggi Town Center

[Author]

64

Figure 5.1.2 : Urban context around Kota Tinggi Town Center from bird eye view

[Author]

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Welcoming Pavilion

The needs of all the constituents at Kota Tinggi Town Center are to be considered to provide a centralised information and welcome centre.

International and local visitors, as well as guests from other region, should have a base from which to discover Kota Tinggi.

The pavilion should provide the following:

Figure 5.2.1 both : Ross Pavillion performance space

[Source : William Matthews Associates ]

OUTCOMES

- An information centre to welcome and orientate visitors and guest; - An improved regional tourism offer; -The town center feel more welcoming place.



A central welcome point, a first impression



An orientation tool for visitors to the town attraction



An revised and developed tourism offer focusing regional activity and react to local demand in the same time raise perception of the Kota Tinggi district brand



Additional facilities that could include the following: Cultural and Communities product showcase?

Exhibition Centre?

Communities Services Helpdesk?

Figure 5.2.2 : Idea to create a connection between people and the places they share through public realm, place making vibe, outdoor social area.

[Source : Author ]

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OUTCOMES

An Event Space, Community Centre Opening The main facilities, the setting and a series of pavilion will allow activities and pop—up streets / cultural performance. To accommodate communities needs, facilities should be complementary to Town Hall function and showcase current and developing talent entire Kota Tinggi district.   

 

Covered spaces along the ‘square’ Pavilion in a town focal point setting Facilities should be scaled to accommodate and encourage development of culture within the community and region Any performance should be visible and promote engagement by all the community members Plan route for pedestrian access paths

Figure 5.2.3 : Interior perspective of Library / Information Access Area

- A new community centre at the heart of the town - Bookable event spaces for community engagement will be developed - A focus to giving an information for local and outside the community

Figure 5.2.4 : Interior perspective of Gallery

67 Figure 5.2.5 : A link to Urban context development around Kota Tinggi Town Center

[Author]

OUTCOMES

- Improved connection to adjacent facilities / context - New complementary regional facilities providing a focus for local activity - Walkways and running routes

The design strategy involved establishing potential areas of interference that could serve the community and also be built and maintained.

A step further, all the proposed activities encourage audience to interact with each other along the process of installation and use.

Street Art Murals - give a tinge to the alley 

Community participation in creating dazzling colourful spaces

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A link to another community - Connecting the Dot Providing a groundwork for building community chain is the initial step of the project. By classify the local actors and discovering a platform for the design event inter block of community.

Kompleks Perniagaan & Pasar Awam MDKT Astaka Budaya

Rejuvenate, existing alley, sidewalk along the road, vacant land. In search for the potential, then provide an oppurtunities for placemaking in the future.

Laman Tun Sri Lanang

They could be adequately, convert into a place for the community built by the community.

Agricultural Equipment Shop

JKR Kota Tinggi

Plaza Kota Tinggi

Tun Sri Lanang Bus & Taxi Terminal

Hardware Shop

Kampung Tembioh

Arked MARA

Shop Houses

Shop Houses

OUTCOMES

Taman Sri Kemang

- New appropriate performance and pocket spaces - informal gathering and pearning pavillions

Sungai Johor Jam-

Vaccant Land Raw Rubber Buyer Shop SJK Pei Hwa

SK Bandar Kota Tinggi

Balai Kota 1528

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Building Programme

Enhance amenity: linkages, public realm, street furniture

Wherever possible widen footways and reinforce pedestrian route continuity.

Figure 5.3.1 : Building Program Diagram - Longitudinal Sectional Perspective

[Author]

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Active shopfronts along the journey route will encourage dual purpose journeys.

Figure 5.3.2 : Building Program Diagram - Cross Sectional Perspective

[Author]

Locate along the route activities like local shops, cafes, river front open spaces, to reinforce visibility potential for dualpurpose trips.

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Spatial Planning

Figure 5.3.3 : Basement Floor Level - Town Hall

[Author]

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Figure 5.3.4 : Ground Floor Level - Town Hall

[Author]

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Spatial Planning

Figure 5.3.5 : First Floor Level - Town Hall

[Author]

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Figure 5.3.6 : 2nd Floor Level - Town Hall

[Author]

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Spatial Planning

Figure 5.3.7 : 3rd - 5th & Observation Floor Level - Town Hall

[Author]

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Structural

Figure 5.3.8 : Structural Isometric Diagram & Special Details

[Author]

77

Building Elevations

Figure 5.3.9 : Front Elevation - Town Hall [Author]

78

Figure 5.3.10 : East Elevation - Town Hall [Author]

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Building Elevations

Figure 5.3.11 : Left Elevation - Town Hall [Author]

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Figure 5.3.12 : South Elevation - Town Hall [Author]

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Building Section

Figure 5.3.13 : Section B - B - Town Hall [Author]

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Figure 5.3.14 : Floor Plan Isometric Diagram

[Author]

Figure 5.3.15 : Schematic Diagram of Parking & Circulation

[Author]

Building Services

83

Figure 5.3.16 : Schematic Diagram of Electrical Supply

[Author]

Figure 5.3.17 : Schematic Diagram of Air Conditioning

[Author]

Building Services

84

Figure 5.3.18 : Schematic Diagram of Sewerage & Drainage

[Author]

Figure 5.3.19 : Schematic Diagram of Fire Regulation

[Author]

Building Services

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It cannot be denied by looking at the development of Kota Tinggi town today.

Many actions need to be done, especially on experimenting the site and questionate on how to sustain and develop Kota Tinggi town center within the urban context. In fact that, some progress has been made throughout the observation and inventoried elements record on site. For instance, a list of place making initiatives discussed then have been suggested along this mini thesis research. As an outcome, design strategy involved at certain phase could serve the community, be built and maintained.

Finally, by introducing this Town Hall and Information Centre as a multifunctional event space may encourage the physical infrastructure for community engagement via place making initiative on site across the community around it.

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1. Jan Ghel, 1936, Cities for People, Island Press, Washington, Covelo, London 2. Amad Bahri Mardi, 2016, Kota Tinggi dalam Sejarah, Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia Kawasan Kota Tinggi,Kota Tinggi 3. Leena Abraham, December 2006, Valletta - Linking the Cruise Harbour Terminal with the Fortified City, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Germany 4. Valletta City Gate / Renzo Piano Building Workshop https://www.archdaily.com/632066/valletta-city-gate-renzo-piano 5. San Francisco Planning Department, October 1994, Civic Center Study 6. Imam Supratiko, February 2019, Genius Loci : Jakarta Series | A Zine about Film Photography https://issuu.com/imamsupratiko/docs/zine_issuu 7. Maynooth University, 2017, Genius loci Placemaking March 2017 https://issuu.com/maynoothuniversity/docs/genius_loci_placemaking_mar_2017

8. Utopi, Jun 2018, Placemaking Berlin – Bundesallee, Urbanism Studies at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, School of Architecture and the Built Environment 9. Michelle Ming Jann Lee, May 2016, Secondhand : The City’s Antidote for Food Surplus, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland 10. Kamarudin Ab. Razak, 1998, Di Pesisiran Sungai Johor, Yayasan Warisan Johor, Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta’zim 11. Majlis Daerah Kota Tinggi, Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Kota Tinggi 2020, Jilid 1 - 3 12. Iskandar Malaysia, November 2014, Comprehensive Development Plan ii 2014 - 2025, Iskandar Regional Development Authority, Johor

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