Revamping a Traditional Indian Akhada with a Modern Twist

AKHADA

REVAMPING & REVIVING THE TRADITIONAL INDIAN AKHADA WITH A MODERN TWIST

THESIS BY- TANVI THACKRE

REVAMPING A TRADITIONAL INDIAN AKHADA WITH A MODERN TWIST EMCOMPASSING INDIAN FORMS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING. A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE,

AS PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF DESIGN 2020 -2021

Tanvi Thackre (17192035) Student

Neehar Chandorkar Guide

Pratyush Shankar Dean SEDA

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the thesis titled “Revamping a Traditional Indian Akhada with a modern twist encompassing Indian forms of physical training” is an independent work by me and has not been submitted at any other forum.

I am submitting this work for as partial fulfillment of the Thesis course for the Bachelor of Design Program at SEDA, Navrachana University.

Tanvi Thackre – Student (17192035)

In my capacity as a guide of the student’s thesis, I certify that this work can be submitted for partial fulfillment of the Thesis course for Bachelor of Design Program at SEDA, Navrachana University.

Neehar Chandorkar - Guide

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost I would like to extend my sincere thanks to my mentor Neehar Chandorkar for patiently guiding and encouraging me in taking forward my interest of designing a fitness setup. His immense knowledge and experience helped me shape my thesis into a piece of insightful document.

My gratitude also extends to all the faculties who are a part of the thesis committee of SEDA – Shalini Amin, Pragya Shankar, Pratyush Shankar, Advaita Jalan, Neha Sarwate and Shantanu Jana for their guidance, support and tutelage during my thesis.

Additionally, I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Rajendra Harpale and Mr. Sachin Majmudar for sharing their invaluable knowledge on the topic and for their technical support on my study.

Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my parents for their tremendous understanding and encouragement throughout the course of my studies, without which this vote of thanks would have been incomplete.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

❖ Abstract ❖ Introduction ❖ Title ❖ Aim and Objectives ❖ Research Questions ❖ Methodology ❖ Scope and Limitations ❖ Case Studies ❖ Understanding the Akhada as a space ❖ Site Introduction ❖ Design Intervention ❖ Mood Board and Details ❖ Views ❖ Bibliography ❖ List Of Figures

INTRODUCTION In this current era of Gyms, Pilates, Cross-fit & Zumba we have drifted apart from our centuries old tradition and roots.

People are more focused towards keeping up with the ongoing trends moreover, the western notions of Fitness.

In doing so, spaces like the traditional Akhadas seem to have lost their importance as hi-tech Gymnasiums and glamorous sports seem more appealing to the millennial’s today.

Thus arises the need to revive such spaces and bring back the Akhada culture amongst the people.

The tradition of Akhadas focuses on being both physically and mentally fit. The mud pit, being bare feet, working out in a calm environment devoid of any machines and equipments, spaces like Akhadas always kept us people constantly in touch with nature as well as connected us to our traditions which the modern-day gyms fail to in some aspects.

01

TITLE Revamping a Traditional Indian Akhada with a modern twist encompassing Indian forms of physical training.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES ▪

To revive and put forth the fading Akhada culture.

▪

Creating a space in the urban canvas ensuring that the heritage and essence of a Traditional Indian Akhada is retained.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

What is an Akhada?

How did spaces like Akhadas come into existence?

What led to the decline of Akhadas?

Why do we need to revive the Akhada culture?

What more can we add to an Akhada in terms of design intervention so that it blends in with the modern context yet it doesn’t loose it’s essence?

METHODOLOGY ▪

Study & Research

▪

Case Studies

▪

Design Solution 02

01

CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDY - 01

Fig.1.1

Site : Bhramhapuri Vyayamshala Dandia Bazaar, Bramhapuri Vadodara

The site is located in a corely residential area situated at the centre of the city.

The Akhada space is not in use currently but it still houses all the the traditional elements of an Akhada. The interiors of the space are completely rustic. Exposed brick walls , concrete floors, solid wood doors and windows. It has a pitched roof with metal sheets supported by wooden trusses.

The space also houses small peculiar details of an Akhada like a wooden pole for mullkhamb, a small niche in the wall for a shrine of lord Hanuman, the ultimate idol deity for Indian wrestlers.

CASE STUDY

04

The grills provided on the walls work as both a source of natural light as well as ventilation for the space.

Interior finishes are mostly raw textures, painted exposed brick walls and concrete flooring. The walls are decorated with pictures of various deities and idols.

Fig.1.1.1 Fig.1.1.1

Fig.1.1.2

The central space is a mudpit for kushti.

Fig.1.1.3

Interior wall with a niche for a shrine.

Fig.1.1.4

CASE STUDY

05

ZONING

MATERIAL PALETTE

Fig.1.1.5

Exposed Brick

Fig.1.1.6

Exposed Concrete

Fig.1.1.9

Fig.1.1.7

Wood

USER ANALYSIS 2% 24%

Fig.1.1.8

74%

Metal Sheets

Fig.1.1.10

Kids

Millenials

Middle Aged

INFERENCES ▪ The space has ample natural light.

▪ Grills on the walls act as a good source of cross ventilation within the space.

▪ Lack of sufficient spaces for all the functions.

CASE STUDY

06

A

B

B’

BRAHMAPURI VYAYAMSHALA FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:50

A’

SECTION AA’ SCALE 1:50

SECTION BB’ SCALE 1:50

CASE STUDY - 02

Fig.1.2

Site : Lal Bahadur Shastri Akhada Matunga East, Mumbai • Located just adjacent to the rail tracks this site is one the oldest and most famous Akhadas in Mumbai.

• The space is a basically a shed with concrete flooring and pitched metal roof supported by metal trusses, covered with metal sheets.

• It houses a mud pit for kushti, a free weights workout area, space for rope mullakham and a small shower area.

User Analysis 2% 24%

74% Fig.1.2.1

Kids

Millenials

CASE STUDY

Middle Aged

Inferences ▪ The space has ample natural light.

▪ Grills on the walls act as a good source of cross ventilation within the space.

▪ Sufficient space to incorporate various new functions into the space.

▪ Scope of expansion.

▪ Lack of division of spaces.

▪ Lack of infrastructure.

07

The akhada space is a shed with pitched metal roof supported by trusses.

Fig.1.2.2

Free weights area with gym equipments as well as traditional wooden weights.

Fig.1.2.3

Grills provided on the walls flood in the interiors with natural light and act as a source of ventilation.

Fig.1.2.4

Mudpit for kushti.

Fig.1.2.5

CASE STUDY

08

MATERIAL PALETTE

Fig.1.2.6

Exposed Concrete

Fig.1.2.7

Fig.1.2.10

Metal Sheets

Fig.1.2.8

Exposed Brick

Fig.1.2.9

Wood

CASE STUDY

09

B’

A’

A

LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI AKHADA

FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:50

B

SECTION AA’ SCALE 1:50

SECTION BB’ SCALE 1:50

CASE STUDY - 03

Fig.1.3

Site : Chittestan Vyayamshala Salatwada, Karelibaug, Vadodara • This akhada space was a completely traditional akhada until the recent years wherein it got revamped and converted into much of a gymnasium.

• The space houses a indoor mud pit for kushti, a big shrine and an indoor workout space with all gymnasium equipments.

User Analysis 2% 24%

74% Fig.1.3.1

Kids

Millenials

Middle Aged

Inferences ▪ The site has an open ground within it which has sufficient space for outdoor workouts and various other activities.

▪ The indoor workout space lacks sufficient cross ventilation.

▪ Scope of expansion.

▪ Lack of division of spaces.

▪ Lack of connection between the indoor and outdoor spaces.

CASE STUDY

10

Open ground for kushti training and mixed workouts.

Fig.1.3.2

Traditional weights along with gym equipments in the free workout area.

Fig.1.3.3

Fig.1.3.4

Indoor space with mudpit for kushti along with the shrine and a free workout area.

Fig.1.3.5

Shrine with deity of strength .

Lord Hanuman.

Fig.1.3.6

CASE STUDY

11

MATERIAL PALETTE

Fig.1.3.7

Plastered Walls

Fig.1.3.8

Concrete Fig.1.3.11

Fig.1.3.9

Bright Orange

Fig.1.3.10

Kota Stone

CASE STUDY

12

B

B’

B

CHITTESTAN VYAYAMSHALA FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:50

B’

SECTION AA’ SCALE 1:50

SECTION BB’ SCALE 1:50

02

UNDERSTANDING THE AKHADA AS A SPACE

Akhada Regime

❑ Devotion A day in the life of a pehelwaan begins with offering prayers to Lord Hanuman , the ultimate idol deity of strength.

Fig.2.1.1

❑ Warmup Before getting into the intense session of wrestling it is very essential to start with with warm exercises like running , dand-sapati , ploughing the kushti pit with a wooden block or a shovel.

Fig.2.1.2

❑ Weight Training One of the most essential aspects of kushti is weight training which aids in body building and increasing overall body strength.

Fig.2.1.3

UNDERSTANDING THE AKHADA

14

Akhada Regime

❑ Mallakhamb Rope and Pole mallakhamb go hand in hand along with the regime of kushti . It focuses on the increasing the upper body strength.

Fig.2.1.4

❑ Kushti Indian traditional kushti focuses on wrestling in a mudpit unlike other kinds which is done on mats and wrestling rings. These intense training sessions aid to a pehelwans strength and body building regime.

Fig.2.1.5

❑ Nutrition Post workout nutrition is an integral part of any workout regime . As for pehelwans it’s drinking thandai , a smoothie made from milk , dry fruits and others nutritious foods..

Fig.2.1.6

UNDERSTANDING THE AKHADA

15

Spaces ❑ Shrine Shrine is one of the most important aspects of a traditional Indian Akhada.

Every Akhada has Lord Hanuman’s temple as he is considered as patron deity of Hindu wrestlers .Keeping in mind the physical aspects of wrestling it is equally important for a person to be mentally strong and calm.

Fig.2.2.2

Fig.2.2.1

Fig.2.2.3

❑ Mudpit Indian traditional kushti focuses on wrestling in a mudpit unlike other kinds of wrestling which is done on mats and wrestling rings.

The mud used for kushti is specifically soft red soil .

First the raw mud is cleansed for any impurities , further buttermilk ,various herbs and ayurvedic oils containing antiseptic properties are added in to make the texture of mud soft and supple enough for the players to wrestle in.

Fig.2.2.5

Fig.2.2.4

UNDERSTANDING THE AKHADA

Fig.2.2.6

16

Spaces ❑ Free Weights Area The regime of kushti consists more of body weight workouts (free weights) which aids in body building along with wrestling.

Mugdal , Gada, Stone Rings , Wooden Dumbells are some of the traditional weights used in Akhadas .

Nowadays Akhadas incorporate modern gym equipments along with the traditional weights which gives you an outlook of an modern era Akhada.

Fig.2.2.7

Fig.2.2.8

Fig.2.2.9

❑ Pole Mallakhamb Pole Mallakhamb is just as similar to rope . It focuses on increasing overall body strength and flexiblity , by engaging the core and various other muscles simultaneously.

Fig.2.2.10

UNDERSTANDING THE AKHADA

Fig.2.2.11

17

Spaces ❑ Rope Mallakhamb Rope Mallakhamb goes hand in hand along with kushti.

It focuses on increasing the upper body strength which is essential for practicing the sport of kushti.

Fig.2.2.12

Fig.2.2.13

UNDERSTANDING THE AKHADA

18

03

SITE INTRODUCTION

Fig.3.1

Site : Manikrao Akhada Piramitar Road, Vadodara Total Area : 6827.52 sq mtrs • Jummadada Vyayamandir also known as Manikrao Akhada is one of the biggest and oldest Akhada’s in Vadodara.

• It was founded in 1818 by Professor Manikrao with the aim of cultivating kushti culture amongst the men in that era and since then it has lot of historical aspects associated to it.

• This space houses more than just an Akhada in it including a huge swimming tank, an armoury showcasing typical Maratha Warfare Weaponary and a temple dedicated to Shivaji Maharaj.

User Analysis 2% 24%

74% Fig.3.1.1

Kids

SITE INTRODUCTION

Millenials

Middle Aged

20

Fig.3.2.1

Physical model to understand the context of the site.

MATERIAL PALETTE

Fig.3.3.2

Fig.3.3.1

Exposed Brick

Kota Stone

Fig.3.3.3

Metal Sheets

SITE INTRODUCTION

Fig.3.3.4

Wood

Fig.3.3.5

Exposed Concrete

21

Fig.3.4.1

Armoury showcasing swords and warfare weaponary.

Fig.3.4.3

Open hall for free workouts.

Fig.3.4.2

Trophy room and display area..

Fig.3.4.4

Shower area attached to swimming tank..

Fig.3.4.5

Outdoor pole mullakham area.

Fig.3.4.7

Indoor tennis hall now used a storage shed.

SITE INTRODUCTION

Fig.3.4.6

Swimming tank area.

Fig.3.4.8

Parking area.

22

Fig.3.4.9

Fig.3.4.10

Skating ring overlooking the central building.

Fig.3.4.11

Central ground overlooking the main building.

Fig.3.4.13

Physio therapy centre..

Shivaji Mandir

Fig.3.4.15

SITE INTRODUCTION

Kho-kho pitch.

Fig.3.4.12

Indoor mudpit and kushti area.

Fig.3.4.14

Free weights workout area.

Skating ring.

Fig.3.4.16

23

Fig.3.5.1

SITE INTRODUCTION

24

Fig.3.5.2

SITE INTRODUCTION

25

SECTION AA’

SECTION BB’

SECTION CC’

SECTION DD’

04

DESIGN INTERVENTION

DESIGN PROGRAMME The main aim of this design intervention is to incorporate various traditional Indian forms of Physical Training into a fitness setup.

Retaining ,highlighting and adding on to the existing set up of Jumma dada Vyayamshala.

The aim is to add a modern twist to the space at the same time still retaining the historical and heritage essence of the existing structure.

To revive the slowly fading Akhada Culture and bring it back to the millennia's today.

Fig.4.1.1

Kushti

Fig.4.1.2

Mardaani Khel

Fig.4.1.4

Aerial Yoga DESIGN INTERVENTION

Modern Age AKHADA

Fig.4.1.3

Pole Mullakham

Fig.4.1.5

Rope Mullakham 27

DESIGN CONCEPT ▪ ▪ ▪

▪

To restore and enhance the existing structure.

Maintain the historical essence and character of the space.

Adding in functions and activities to make the space more usable and lively.

Highlight the peculiar characteristics and elements of the structure which adds in to its essence.

Fig.4.2.1

Typical beige and maroon colour aesthestic on the walls.

Fig.4.2.2

Arched windows and doors.

Parapet walls with ornamentation. Fig.4.2.3

Fig.4.2.4

Fig.4.2.5

Cast iron grills and gates. Pitched roof with wooden trusses.

DESIGN INTERVENTION

28

Comparision of Existing VS Newly Proposed Spaces

Newly Proposed Spaces 01 Locker and changing rooms 02 Reception 03 Yoga area 04 Nutrition Centre 05 Mardaani Khel 06 Gymnasium 07 Central open Space 08 Parking

Existing Spaces to be retained ❑ Shrine ❑ Armoury ❑ Trophy Room ❑ Mudpit for kushti ❑ Administrative offices ❑ Swimming Pool

DESIGN LAYOUT SCALE 1:250

SECTION AA’ SCALE 1:75

SECTION BB’ SCALE 1:75

SECTION CC’ SCALE 1:75

SECTION DD’ SCALE 1:75

05

MOODBOARD AND DETAILS

AKHADA

AKHADA

Fig.5.1.1

MOODBOARD

MOODBOARD

29

AKHADA

Fig.5.1.2

Fig.5.1.3

Fig.5.1.4

VIEWS

30

AKHADA

Fig.5.1.5

Electrical Layout Scale 1:100 Ambient Light Hanging Light Fixtures

DETAILS

31

AKHADA

Fig.5.1.6

Flooring Layout Scale 1:100 Acid-stained concrete floors to add in a rustic finish.

DETAILS

32

YOGA AREA

Fig.5.2.1

MOODBOARD

MOODBOARD

33

YOGA AREA

Fig.5.2.2

Fig.5.2.3

Fig.5.2.4

VIEWS

34

YOGA AREA

Fig.5.2.5

Electrical Layout Scale 1:100 Ambient Light DETAILS

35

YOGA AREA

Fig.5.2.6

Flooring Layout Scale 1:100 Wooden finish tiles at the central yoga area with Acidstained concrete along the edges.

DETAILS

36

OFFICE

Fig.5.3.1

MOODBOARD

MOODBOARD

37

OFFICE

Fig.5.3.2

Fig.5.3.3

Fig.5.3.4

VIEWS

38

OFFICE

Fig.5.3.5

Electrical Layout Scale 1:100 Ambient Light Hanging Light Fixtures

DETAILS

39

OFFICE

Fig.5.3.6

Flooring Layout Scale 1:100 Wooden finish tiles in the cabins along with concrete finish tiles for the public areas.

DETAILS

40

CAFE

Fig.5.4.1

MOODBOARD

MOODBOARD

41

OFFICE

Fig.5.4.2

Fig.5.4.3

Fig.5.4.1

Fig.5.4.4

VIEWS

42

CAFE

Fig.5.4.5

Electrical Layout Scale 1:100 Ambient Light Hanging Light Fixtures

DETAILS

43

CAFE

Fig.5.4.6

Flooring Layout Scale 1:100 Terracotta coloured tiles with colourful ceramic inserts in the café entrance and indoor seating area.

DETAILS

44

GYMNASIUM

Fig.5.5.1

MOODBOARD

MOODBOARD

45

OFFICE

Fig.5.5.2

Fig.5.5.3

Fig.5.5.4

VIEWS

46

GYMNASIUM

Fig.5.5.5

Electrical Layout Scale 1:100 Ambient Light Hanging Light Fixtures DETAILS

47

GYMNASIUM

Fig.5.5.6

Flooring Layout Scale 1:100 Black confetti rubber flooring tiles.

DETAILS

48

06

VIEWS

MAIN EXTERIOR VIEWS OF THE SITE

Fig.6.1.1

Fig.6.1.2

Fig.6.1.3

VIEWS

50

CENTRAL OPEN GROUND OVERLOOKING THE MAIN BUILIDING

Fig.6.2.1

Fig.6.2.2

Fig.6.2.3

VIEWS

51

PARKING AND SWIMMING POOL AREA

Fig.6.3.1

Fig.6.3.2

Fig.6.3.3

VIEWS

52

SWIMMING POOL AND LOUNGE AREA

Fig.6.4.1

Fig.6.4.2

Fig.6.4.3

VIEWS

53

RECEPTION AND LOUNGE AREA

Fig.6.5.1

Fig.6.5.2

Fig.6.5.3

VIEWS

54

SPACE FOR MARDAANI KHEL

Fig.6.6.1

Fig.6.6.2

Fig.6.6.3

VIEWS

55

07

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY No external references or cited texts are included in any of the contents or write up of this thesis document.

VIEWS

56

08

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF FIGURES Fig.1.1 Exterior view of Bhrahmapuri Vyayamshala Source: Author Fig.1.1.1 Bhrahmapuri Vyayamshala interior view 1 Source: Author Fig.1.1.2 Bhrahmapuri Vyayamshala interior view 2 Source: Author Fig.1.1.3 Bhrahmapuri Vyayamshala interior view 3 Source: Author Fig.1.1.4 Bhrahmapuri Vyayamshala interior view 4 Source: Author Fig.1.1.5 Exposed Brick Texture Source: https://www.miltonandking.com/product-category/traditionalwallpaper/brick-traditional-wallpaper/

Fig.1.1.6 Exposed Concrete Texture Source: https://in.pinterest.com/pin/829436456349691597/ Fig.1.1.7 Wood Texture Source:https://www.shutterstock.com/search/wood+texture Fig.1.1.8 Metal sheets Texture Source:https://www.sketchuptextureclub.com/textures/architecture/ro ofings/metal-roofs

Fig.1.1.9 Zoning Plan Source: Author Fig.1.1.10 User analysis pie chart Source: Author Fig.1.2 Exterior view of Lal bahadur shastri akhada Source: Author Fig.1.2.1 User analysis pie chart Source: Author Fig.1.2.2 Lal bahadur shastri akhada interior view 1 Source: Author Fig.1.2.3 Lal bahadur shastri akhada interior view 2 Source: Author Fig.1.2.4 : Lal bahadur shastri akhada interior view 3 Source: Author Fig.1.2.5 : Lal bahadur shastri akhada interior view 4 Source: Author Fig.1.2.6 Exposed Concrete Texture Source: https://in.pinterest.com/pin/829436456349691597/ Fig.1.2.7 Metal sheets Texture Source:https://www.sketchuptextureclub.com/textures/architecture/ro ofings/metal-roofs

Fig.1.2.8 Exposed bricks Texture Source: https://www.miltonandking.com/product-category/traditionalwallpaper/brick-traditional-wallpaper/

Fig.1.2.9 Wood Texture Source: https://www.shutterstock.com/search/wood+texture Fig.1.2.10 Zoning Plan Source: Author Fig.1.3 Chittestan Vyayamshala exterior view 1 Source: Author Fig.1.3.1 User analysis pie chart Source: Author Fig.1.3.2 Chittestan Vyayamshala exterior view 2 Source: Author Fig.1.3.3 Chittestan Vyayamshala interior view 1 Source: Author Fig.1.3.4 Chittestan Vyayamshala interior view 2 Source: Author Fig.1.3.5 Chittestan Vyayamshala interior view 3 Source: Author

VIEWS

Fig.1.3.6 Chittestan Vyayamshala interior view 4 Source: Author Fig.1.3.7 Plastered walls texture Source: https://www.surfaceform.com/white-polished-plaster/ Fig.1.3.8 Exposed concrete texture Source: https://in.pinterest.com/pin/829436456349691597/ Fig.1.3.9 Bright orange texture Source:https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww .aliexpress.com%2Fitem%2F4000671037667.html&psig=AOvVaw32dbE Lva3NpB5Wni4VzSA4&ust=1625774585589000&source=images&cd=vf e&ved=0CAwQ3YkBahcKEwjImdG54NHxAhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAw

Fig.1.3.10 Kota stone texture Source: https://in.pinterest.com/pin/754986325023741020/ Fig.1.3.11 Zoning Plan Source: Author Fig.2.1.1 Devotion Source: https://www.inditales.com/pahalwan-routine-tulsi-akhadavaranasi/

Fig.2.1.2 Warmup Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pz73VocfFRY&t=1s Fig.2.1.3 Weight Training Source: https://apimagesblog.com/blog/2017/12/12/ancient-wrestlingoffers-a-future-for-some-in-modern-india

Fig.2.1.4 Mallakhamb Source: https://www.gqindia.com/live-well/content/fitness-tips-allabout-mallakhamb-benefits-how-to-lose-weight-with-this-exercise-in-yourroutine

Fig.2.1.5 Kushti Source: http://www.svecphoto.com/ Fig.2.1.6 Nutrition Source:https://www.google.com/search?q=pehalwan+making+thanda i+&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjk_9CjrcvwAhVck0sFHZshCKYQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=pehalwan+making+thandai+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzo ECCMQJzoCCAA6BAgAEBg6BggAEAUQHjoGCAAQCBAeUN2LA1jovg Ng0sADaABwAHgAgAHUAYgBgCSSAQYwLjI2LjGYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3 Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=qpGfYOSCMNymrtoPm8OgsAo&bi h=666&biw=1519&hl=en-GB#imgrc=q6wE_oPBFD85rM

Fig.2.2.1 Shrine in akhada section Source: Author Fig.2.2.2 Shrine picture 1 Source: Author Fig.2.2.3 Shrine picture 2 Source: Author Fig.2.2.4 Mudpit in akhada section Source: Author Fig.2.2.5 Mudpit picture 1 Source: Author Fig.2.2.6 Mudpit picture 2 Source: Author Fig.2.2.7 Free weights area picture 1 Source: Author Fig.2.2.8 Free weights area picture 2 Source: Author Fig.2.2.9 Free weights area in section Source: Author Fig.2.2.10 Pole mallakhamb in section Source: Author Fig.2.2.11 Pole mallakhamb picture Source: Author Fig.2.2.12 Rope mallakhamb picture 1 Source: Author Fig.2.2.13 Rope mallakhamb picture 2 Source: Author Fig.3.1 Manikrao Akhada front view Source: Author Fig.3.1.1 User analysis pie chart Source: Author Fig.3.2.1 Site Model Source: Author Fig.3.3.1 Kota stone Source:https://in.pinterest.com/pin/754986325023741020/

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LIST OF FIGURES Fig.3.3.2 Exposed brick Source: https://www.miltonandking.com/productcategory/traditional-wallpaper/brick-traditionalwallpaper/ Fig.3.3.3 Metal sheets Source:https://www.sketchuptextureclub.com/tex tures/architecture/roofings/metal-roofs Fig.3.3.4 Wood Source:https://www.shutterstock.com/search/wo od+texture Fig.3.3.5 Exposed Concrete Source: https://in.pinterest.com/pin/82943645634969159 7/ Fig.3.4.1 Armoury Source: Author Fig.3.4.2 Trophy room Source: Author Fig.3.4.3 Open hall Source: Author Fig.3.4.4 Shower area Source: Author Fig.3.4.5 Outdoor pole mallakhamb Source: Author Fig.3.4.6 Swimming tank Source: Author Fig.3.4.7 Indoor tennis hall Source: Author Fig.3.4.8 Parking area Source: Author Fig.3.4.9 Skating rink 1 Source: Author Fig.3.4.10 Kho-kho pitch Source: Author Fig.3.4.11 Central ground Source: Author Fig.3.4.12 Indoor mudpit Source: Author Fig.3.4.13 Physio therapy centre Source: Author Fig.3.4.14 Free weights workout area Source: Author Fig.3.4.15 Shivaji mandir Source: Author Fig.3.4.16 Skating rink 2 Source: Author Fig.3.5.1 Built mass vs Open Space Source: Author Fig.3.5.2 Zoning plan Source: Author Fig.4.1.1 Kushti Source: http://www.svecphoto.com/ Fig.4.1.2 Mardaani khel Source: https://www.swadesi.com/news/mardhani-khelmaharashtra/ Fig.4.1.3 Pole mallakhamb Source: https://www.freepressjournal.in/featuredblog/moves-beyond-sight-the-magic-ofmallakhamb-performed-by-visually-challengedartistes Fig.4.1.4 Aerial yoga Source: https://www.rosebodyenergy.com/products/3590 cm-25mm-width-silver-rings-fitness-aerial-hoopfor-yoga-exercises-aerial-lyra-hoops-indooroutdoor-equipment

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Fig.4.1.5 Rope mallakhamb Source: https://in.pinterest.com/pin/75470485002800 3671/ Fig.4.2.1 Beige and maroon exterior walls Source: Author Fig.4.2.2 Arched windows and doors Source: Author Fig.4.2.3 Parapet walls with ornamentation Source: Author Fig.4.2.4 Cast iron grills and gates Source: Author Fig.4.2.5 Pitched roof with wooden trusses Source: Author Fig.5.1.1 Akhada Moodboard Source: Author Fig.5.1.2 Akhada 3D view 1 Source: Author Fig.5.1.3 Akhada 3D view 2 Source: Author Fig.5.1.4 Akhada 3D view 3 Source: Author Fig.5.1.5 Akhada electrical layout Source: Author Fig.5.1.6 Akhada flooring layout Source: Author Fig.5.2.1 Yoga area Moodboard Source: Author Fig.5.2.2 Yoga area 3D view 1 Source: Author Fig.5.2.3 Yoga area 3D view 2 Source: Author Fig.5.2.4 Yoga area 3D view 3 Source: Author Fig.5.2.5 Yoga area electrical layout Source: Author Fig.5.2.6 Yoga area flooring layout Source: Author Fig.5.3.1 Office Moodboard Source: Author Fig.5.3.2 Office 3D view 1 Source: Author Fig.5.3.3 Office 3D view 2 Source: Author Fig.5.3.4 Office 3D view 3 Source: Author Fig.5.3.5 Office electrical layout Source: Author Fig.5.3.6 Office flooring layout Source: Author Fig.5.4.1 Café Moodboard Source: Author Fig.5.4.2 Café 3D view 1 Source: Author Fig.5.4.3 Café 3D view 2 Source: Author Fig.5.4.4 Café 3D view 3 Source: Author Fig.5.4.5 Café electrical layout Source: Author Fig.5.4.6 Café flooring layout Source: Author Fig.5.5.1 Gymnasium Moodboard Source: Author

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LIST OF FIGURES Fig.5.5.2 Gymnasium 3D view 1 Source: Author Fig.5.5.3 Gymnasium 3D view 2 Source: Author Fig.5.5.4 Gymnasium 3D view 3 Source: Author Fig.5.5.5 Gymnasium electrical layout Source: Author Fig.5.5.6 Gymnasium flooring layout Source: Author Fig.6.1.1 Exterior views of site 3D view 1 Source: Author Fig.6.1.2 Exterior views of site 3D view 2 Source: Author Fig.6.1.3 Exterior views of site 3D view 3 Source: Author Fig.6.2.1 Central open ground overlooking the building 3D view 1 Source: Author Fig.6.2.2 Central open ground overlooking the building 3D view 2 Source: Author Fig.6.2.3 Central open ground overlooking the building 3D view 3 Source: Author Fig.6.3.1 Parking and swimming pool area 3D view 1 Source: Author Fig.6.3.2 Parking and swimming pool area 3D view 2 Source: Author Fig.6.3.3 Parking and swimming pool area 3D view 3 Source: Author Fig.6.4.1 Swimming pool and lounge area 3D view 1 Source: Author Fig.6.4.2 Swimming pool and lounge area 3D view 2 Source: Author Fig.6.4.3 Swimming pool and lounge area 3D view 3 Source: Author Fig.6.5.1 Reception and lounge area 3D view 1 Source: Author Fig.6.5.2 Reception and lounge area 3D view 2 Source: Author Fig.6.5.3 Reception and lounge area 3D view 3 Source: Author Fig.6.6.1 Space for mardaani khel 3d view 1 Source: Author Fig.6.6.2 Space for mardaani khel 3d view 2 Source: Author Fig.6.6.3 Space for mardaani khel 3d view 3 Source: Author

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