Structural Violence, Race and Political Economy Symposium

Structural Violence, race, and political economy Symposium 2024

Esteemed Colleagues ,

I am thrilled to extend a warm welcome to each of you as we gather for an extraordinarily vital symposium. This event marks not just a meeting of minds but a confluence of diverse experiences, insights, and a shared dedication toward understanding and addressing the complexities of structural violence.

Our symposium stands at the crossroads of research and activism, where the economics and history of structural violence are scrutinized not as abstract concepts but as palpable forces shaping lives and societies. We seek to , move beyond the discussion of racist thoughts and isolated acts of violence to delve into the

deeper, more systemic roots of inequality.

The focus here is on the economic, political, and historical dynamics that engrain disparities and discrimination based on race, gender, sexuality, ability, and other identity markers.

As we embark on this journey together, let us be guided by a spirit of collaboration, openness, and a relentless pursuit of what I like to term "quintessential dopeness." It is in this synergy of diverse thoughts and unified purpose that we find our strength and our path forward.

Welcome to a symposium that promises to be not only enlightening but transformative.

Sincerely,

Michael

Welcome

It is with great enthusiasm and a deep sense of purpose that I welcome you to this pivotal symposium. As we stand at the forefront of redefining the discourse on structural violence, our gathering today represents a significant step towards a more equitable and just society.

The goal of our convening is ambitious yet imperative: to leverage contemporary research and discourse to transform the lived realities of marginalized communities.

By bringing together the leading thinkers on racial structural violence, we aim to develop an interdisciplinary framework that not only addresses current challenges but also equips future generations of change-makers with the tools necessary for impactful action.

Our gathering is poised to set the stage for a broader national and international discourse. By fostering cross-national dialogues and engaging international scholars, we aim to amplify the conversation, drawing upon a wealth of experiences and insights from various global contexts.

As we embark on this collaborative journey, let us be guided by a shared commitment to economic inclusion, social equity, and civic engagement.

Onward,

Darrick

CEnter for Equitable and sustainable Society Howard University’s Center for an Equitable and Sustainable Society will study the causes and effects of racial and economic inequities in order to determine solutions that can properly address those issues.

Institute on Race, Power and Political Economy The Institute on Race, Power and Political Economy advances research to understand structural inequalities and works to identify groundbreaking ways to promote equity. A premier cross-disciplinary hub, the Institute draws on faculty across The New School in New York City, which has long fostered innovative thinking about power, structure, design, politics, economics, and society. The Institute engages with researchers and practitioners, including community and business leaders, policymakers, philanthropists, and journalists across the nation and around the world.

Table of Contents p2

Welcome

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Table of Contents

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Nuts and Bolts

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Agendas

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Bios

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Abstracts

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Guests

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NUTS BoLTS

Goals The overarching goal of this convening is to use current research and contemporary discourse to change the status quo as it pertains to the lived experiences of marginalized populations.

This convening brings together the forethinkers on racial structural violence to cultivate an interdisciplinary framework that serves as a platform upon which new generations of change-makers can coalesce to receive professional development that takes into account their current research agendas.

This convening aims to bring together established, midcareer, and early scholars to workshop structural violence through an interdisciplinary lens– an inclusive framework that does not yet exist. With the goal of ensuring that their input is included in the way that structural violence is defined, this symposium sets out to include both community activists and pedagogues who work to serve marginalized populations.

Our convening will set the stage for national and international discourse by not only stimulating crossnational conversations but also leveraging the talents and perspectives of international scholars who are engaging in these dialogues in their own communities.

National Museum of African American History & Culture Going to the Museum?

Please use this ticket for entrance.

Museum Resources Museum Map Sweet Home Café Menu- Sweet Home Café is open until 3:00 pm.

Exhibition information The searchable museum gives you a virtual experience of some of our exhibitions

Symposium Photoshare Did you snap a great photo with new friends?

Please take a moment to share your symposium photos with us via PhotoCircle.

join.photocircle.app.com/PYHBV22ES7

NEARBY EATERIES Experiences

&

Rasika Indian Cuisine

Chef Geoff’s American Cuisine

Swinger Mini Golf

Soi 38 Thai

Casta’s Rum Bar

Museum of Illusions

Planta Vegetarian

North Italia Italian

Renwick Art Gallery

Circa New American

City Taphouse Gastropub

Pinstripes Bowling

Teddy & The Bully American

Char Bar Kosher

Artechhouse DC

IMPORTANT LINKS Symposium Program

PUBLIC KEYNOTE MATERIALS Keynote Flyers Keynote Press Kit Keynote Registration

AGENDAS

January 11 Symposium Check-in Welcome Desk | Main Lobby

National Museum of African American History and Culture (Timed Tickets)

Reception Ticket Pick-Up Caricatures and Mingling Main Lobby Main Bar

Welcome Reception | Menu The Chalet

January 11

January 12 8:00a

Breakfast | Room 10 | Menu

9:00a

Opening Remarks | Room 10

9:15a

Ice Breaker | Room 10

10:00a

Presentations | Room 9 Ball + Bhaskaran and Hamilton + Burke + Byfield + Chong + Francis

10:50a

Small Group Sessions: I Group C: Room 15 Group D: Room 13 Group A + B: Room 9

11:30a

Small Group Sessions: II Group A: Room 15 Group B: Room 13 Group C + D: Room 9

11:50a

Break

12:00p

Presentations | Room 9 Grooms + Jones + Mboup + Ortiz-Minaya + Ott + Peebles + Ralph

12:45p

Lunch | Room 10 | Menu

January 12 Group A

Jared Ball Kimberly Chong Darrick Hamilton Fatima Mboup Julia Ott

Group B

Suparna Bhaskaran Dania Francis Stephanie Jones Kimberly Miller Gustav Peebles

Group C

Kimberly Burke Bobby Nweke Michael Ralph Nikki Taylor Kideste Yusef

Group D

Natalie Byfield Jevay Grooms Dave Stovall Reynaldo Ortiz-Minaya Tamyra Walker

January 12 1:30p

Presentations | Room 9 Stovall + Taylor + Walker + Williams + Yusef

2:20p

Small Group Sessions: III Spades: Room 9 Clubs: Room 10 Diamonds: Room 13 Hearts: Room Room 15

3:20p

Break

3:30p

Twenty Questions | Room 11

4:50p

Snack Break | Room 12 | Menu

5:00p

Visioning Structural Violence | Room 11

5:45p

Summarizing Remarks | Room 9

6:00p

Sound Healing | Room 9

7:00p

Closing Directions | Room 10

7:30p

Shuttle to Dinner | Menu

January 12 Spades

Kimberly Chong Michael Ralph Suparna Bhaskaran Gustav Peebles Reynaldo Ortiz-Minaya Natalie Byfield Kimberly Burke

Clubs

Darrick Hamilton Fatima Mboup Dania Francis Jevay Grooms

Diamonds

Bobby Nweke Tanishia Williams Stephanie Jones Tamyra Walker CJ Greer Alethia Russell David Stovall

Hearts

Kristal Langford Julia Ott Nikki Taylor Kideste Yusef Jared Ball

January 13 8:15a

Breakfast | Rooms 11-12 | Menu

9:45a

Room Check Out

10:15a

Shuttle to Howard | Front Lobby

11:00a

Symposium Keynote Address Critical Economic Theory: How the Unfettered Predatory Capitalist Economy Has Been Used to Oppress Black People and Others ~Julianne Malveaux, Ph.D.

1:05p

Lunch | Menu

1:45p

Howard University Tour

2:15p

Closing Remarks

2:30p

Shuttle to Yours Truly for baggage pick-up

Julianne Malveaux, Ph.D.

Critical Economic Theory: How the Unfettered Predatory Capitalist Economy Has Been Used to Oppress Black People and Others

Keynote

Dr. Julianne Malveaux is President Emerita of Bennett College for Women. She is an economist, author and commentator who’s popular writings have appeared in USA Today, Black Issues in Higher Education, Ms.Magazine, Essence Magazine, the Progressive and many more.

Well-known for appearances on national network programs, including CNN, BET, PBS, NBC, ABC, Fox News, MSNBC, CNBC, CSPAN and others; Malveaux is booked to offer commentary on subjects ranging from economics to women's rights and public policy. She has also hosted television and radio programs.

A committed activist and civic leader, Dr. Malveaux has held positions in women’s, civil rights, and policy organizations.

Currently she serves on the boards of the Economic Policy Institute, The Recreation Wish List Committee of Washington, DC, and the Liberian Education Trust.

Malveaux is also President of PUSH Excel, the educational branch of the Rainbow PUSH Coalition.

She has also lectured at more than 500 colleges/universities and corporate events. For the last 5 years Dr. Malveaux has focused and centered her efforts on public speaking appearances and her work as a broadcast and print / journalist and author.

Symposium Guest

Mumu Fresh Mumu Fresh (also known as Maimouna Youssef ) is a GRAMMYNominated, Indigenous Music award-winning, Musical Ambassador for the US State Department, elected governor of The DC Chapter of The Recording Academy & an Ambassador of The Black Music Collective.

Bios

Our work contributes to the transdisciplinary scholarship on the economics of structural violence by examining the political economy of budgets and balance sheets and how they are moral and ethical documents.

Chapter Overview

Darrick

Hamilton

bio

Darrick Hamilton is a university professor, Henry Cohen Professor of Economics and Urban Policy, and founding director of the Institute on Race, Power and Political Economy at The New School. Darrick examines social stratification and political economy in order to move policy and practice in fundamentally new directions that promote economic inclusion, social equity, and civic engagement.

Considered one of the nation’s foremost public intellectuals, Darrick has been profiled in the New York Times, Mother Jones, and the Wall Street Journal. In 2017, he was featured in Politico's50 Ideas Shaping American Politics and the People Behind Them issue. In 2020, Darrick was named a Freedom Scholar by the Marguerite Casey Foundation and the Group Health Foundation.

Darrick has been involved in crafting policy proposals that have garnered media attention and inspired legislative proposals at the federal, state, and local levels, including baby bonds, guaranteed income, and a federal job guarantee. In 2020, Darrick served as a member of the economic committee of the Biden-Sanders Unity Task Force.

He has testified before several Senate and House committees, including the Joint Economic Committee and the Senate Banking Committee.

Darrick was born and raised in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, New York. He is a graduate of Oberlin College and received a PhD in Economics from the University of North Carolina.

Michael

Ralph

Chapter Overview Law enforcement officials and insurance agents insist that police liability insurance “regulates” police conduct, there has never never been a systematic study to test that supposition —my chapter draws upon original research to examine where police liability insurance policies work as designed and advertised.

bio Michael Ralph is the Cameron Schrier Professor and Chair of Afro-American Studies at Howard University. He is also Founding Director of the Center for an Equitable Economy and Sustainable Society (e2s2).

Michael’s research integrates political science, economics, history, and medical and economic anthropology through an explicit focus on debt, slavery, insurance, forensics, and incarceration.

Michael is the recipient of fellowships from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Institute for Citizens & Scholars, Social Science Research Council, National Science Foundation, Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, the Charles Warren Center for Studies in US History and W.E.B. Dubois Institute at Harvard University, and the Robert L. Heilbroner Center for Studies in Capitalism at the New School for Social Research.

Michael’s 2015 University of Chicago press book, Forensics of Capital, demonstrates that the diplomatic profile of any nation is a forensic profile, shaped by judgments about whether it is a democracy or a rogue state.

That profile is a credit profile to the extent that it shapes broader debates about whether that nation has a business-friendly environment or is worthy of donor aid. Michael argues that the same is true for people, where a person’s social profile is shaped by their criminal record or debt obligations, which in turn shape their access to capital. Michael has several forthcoming books including Life, the first attempt to connect the history of life insurance to the history of slave insurance, and Before 13th, which demonstrates that convict leasing began several decades before the 13th amendment.

If public policy was developed to better redistribute the GDP of the United States, which annually is now more than $20 trillion, there would likely be no poverty requiring mythological claims of buying power to overcome and no need to point at other communities as having anything to do with Black Poverty.

bio

Jared A. Ball is a Professor of Communication and Africana Studies at Morgan State University in Baltimore, MD. and author of The Myth and Propaganda of Black Buying Power (Palgrave, 2020 / 2nd Edition, 2023). Ball is also host of the podcast “iMiXWHATiLiKE!”, co-founder of Black Power Media which can be found at BlackPowerMedia.org, he can be found @imixwhatilike on most social media, and his decades of emancipatory journalism, media, writing, and political work can be found at imixwhatilike.org.

Black Capitalism is narrative and psychological warfare inhibiting by design, and with increasing assistance from an evolving media environment, Black analysis and response to the ravages of this economy.

Chapter Overview

Ball

Jared

bio Suparna Bhaskaran is the Associate Director of Research at the Institute on Race, Power and Political Economy at The New School and oversees the Color of Wealth Chicago project at the Institute.

Suparna has experience working in the academy, government, and community organizations.She works at the intersections of feminist, queer, diasporic, race and transnational studies.

She was a policy researcher in the Just Public Finance Program at the Othering and Belonging Institute (University of California, Berkeley). She served as a health policy researcher in Ohio Governor Ted Strickland’s administration. She has taught in gender and sexuality studies programs at Antioch College, Agnes Scott College, and the Ohio State University; and in the Public Policy Program at the John Glenn College of Public Affairs at the Ohio State University. She has numerous publications, including the book Made in India:Decolonization, Queer Sexualities, Transnational Projects.

She is a co-founder of OPAWL: Building AAPI Feminist Leadership, a grassroots member-led community organization dedicated to social and economic justice, building power, community, and progressive leadership for Asian and Asian American and Pacific Islander women and nonbinary people in Ohio.

Suparna organizes with community groups in the Midwest that work on immigrant and refugee rights, popular education, and transnational multi-issue multigenerational politics.

Dr. Bhaskaran has a BA in Sociology and a PhD in Anthropology.

With rates of unemployment rivalling the 1930s, further attacks of labour legislation, and the rise of the gig economy, the labour market is not expected to provide dignity or a decent standard of living.

Suparna

Bhaskaran

Chapter Overview

Our work contributes to the transdisciplinary scholarship on the economics of structural violence by examining the political economy of budgets and balance sheets and how they are moral and ethical documents.

bio

Kimberly C Burke is a Ph.D. candidate in Sociology at UC Berkeley, focusing on the institutional, organizational, and individual mechanisms underlying racial inequality and social hierarchies, with an emphasis on law enforcement. Her research examines how societal-level inequalities manifest within organizations in ways that justify or disrupt inequality through three interconnected areas: 1) the impact of group dynamics on diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts within policing, 2) the organizational barriers to racial equity goals within policing, and 3) the spillover effects of policing on interracial interactions outside of police encounters. For example, her work reveals how officers’ support for equity-focused policies correlates with improved officer well-being, highlighting a model of mutuality between community wellness and officer health. Her dissertation investigates how people’s implicit beliefs about the causes of racialized policing shape their interracial interactions, bridging perceptions of structural inequalities to dynamics of interpersonal racial hierarchies. Her goal is to conduct research exposing the concealed barriers to equity across organizational contexts while providing an actionable roadmap for change agents working toward social justice.

She is committed to scholarship that moves beyond critique to activate concrete organizational reforms capable of dislodging even the most obstinate hierarchies.

The chapter examines policing's impact on Black Americans' access to material and symbolic forms of capital through a reconceptualization of "embodied capital."

Chapter Overview

If policing continues to be defined solely in terms of crime reduction and deterrence, this institution will continue to harm the officers that engage in the work and the communities they police.

Kimberly Burke

Chapter Overview

bio

"Dr. Natalie P. Byfield is the Founding Director of the Institute for Critical Race and Ethnic Studies at St. John’s University and Professor in the Department of Sociology & Anthropology.

Her research is interdisciplinary; it is broadly concerned with the role of knowledge in the exercise of power and control under racial capitalism. She studies the ways in which people create knowledge and information that render some groups dominant and subjugate others. Her writings draw on examples of language use in essential societal operations like policing, media, technologies, and research methodologies to illustrate how Western societies use knowledge to maintain white supremacy.

She is a Senior Research Fellow of the University’s Vincentian Center for Church and Society. Former fellowships include: Howard J. Samuels State and City Policy Center Fellow at the Austin W. Marxe School of Public and International Affairs, Baruch College/CUNY; Visiting Research Fellow at the Research and Evaluation Center at John Jay College of Criminal Justice/CUNY; Charles H. Revson Fellow at Columbia University; and a National Science Foundation Fellow at Stanford University. She is the author of the monograph Savage Portrayals: Race, Media, and the Central Park Jogger Story. She has been a consultant on major documentaries about the Central Park Jogger case including “The Central Park Five,” and the ABC 20/20 Documentary, “One Night in Central Park.” She is an award-winning journalist. Her work has appeared broadly including in the New York Daily News, The New York Times, HuffPost, Time: The Weekly Newsmagazine, and the New York Law Journal. Her current book project is titled “Minority Report: Place, Race, and State Surveillance in New York City.”"

Natalie Byfield

bio

Trained in economics, sociology and anthropology, Kimberly’s research explores the production of financialized capitalism through expert practices, and draws on extensive fieldwork with management consultants, fund managers and backoffice knowledge workers.

Taking inspiration from feminist anthropology and studies of racial capitalism, she is interested in how inequality and difference are invoked and produced by practices of speculation, valuation and commensuration. Kimberly’s first book, Best Practice: Management Consulting and the Ethics of Financialization in China won the 2021 European Group for Organizational Studies Book Award.

Funded by a Leverhulme Research Fellowship, she is currently working on a second book project about investment narratives and asset manager capitalism and which focuses on how imaginaries of race and social difference, as well as colonial ideas of productivity, are drawn upon in investment contexts. This book will expand on ideas first developed in her most recent article, ‘Balance sheet aesthetics and the racial contours of cost: On investment imaginaries and inequality’ which will come out in Current Anthropology. Later this year Kimberly will give the Malinowski lecture at the LSE, which is awarded to a promising thinker in anthropology.

Kimberly Chong

Workers claimed that their decision to return to China, to take up jobs that were clearly far below their competency and education level, was motivated by filial piety.

Chapter Overview I am interested in the tension between depictions of balance sheets as neutral documents of technocracy, and how they are used in practice to enshrine acts of exploitation as financially prudent and thus desirable.

Dania Francis

bio

"Dr. Dania V. Francis is Associate Professor of Economics at University of Massachusetts Boston. Her research interests include examining racial and socioeconomic disparities in education, wealth accumulation, and labor markets. She is the co-author of an influential paper titled “The Economics of Reparations” in the American Economic Review. Her research has also been published in Science, Journal of Economic Literature, and Review of Black Political Economy among other peerreviewed journals.

Dr. Francis received her doctorate from Duke University and also holds a master’s degree from Harvard University and a bachelor’s degree from Smith College. She has been a board member of the National Economics Association and a National Academies of Education/Spencer Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship award recipient (2018-2019). Dr. Francis has been featured on CNBC International and TRT World and her research has been written about in several major publication outlets."

Nearly 125 years after the Plessy v.

Ferguson Supreme Court decision of 1896, which affirmed “separate but equal” public facilities by race, American public schools remain segregated.

Black agricultural land ownership was at a peak just after the turn of the 20th century; however, there was a nearly 90 percent decline in ownership from 1910 to 1997. We use U.S. Census of Agriculture data to estimate that the present, compounded value of the Black land loss from 1920 to 1997 is roughly $326 billion.

Chapter Overview

Jevay Grooms

Chapter Overview

bio

"I am an Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics at Howard University in Washington, D.C. and a NBER Faculty Research Fellow. I am currently on leave and am a Visiting Distinguished Faculty & Scholar at the University of Southern California in the Sol Price School of Public Policy.

I am an applied microeconomist with research areas of interests that lie at the intersection of public economics, health economics, and studies of poverty and inequality. My overall research agenda is to study the impediments to adequate health care delivery and health outcomes of underserved and vulnerable populations with the keen intent to understand how poverty and the legacy of wealth inequality have contributed to health disparities among racial and ethnic minorities. "

In addition to the disproportionate number of deaths suffered by communities of color, recent work has also highlighted that racial and ethnic disparities in access to resources and mental health have worsened during the pandemic

Stephanie Jones

bio

Stephanie P. Jones, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of Education at Grinnell College, where she teaches courses in Youth Culture, Critical Literacy, and Introduction to Educational Studies. Her research explores racialized trauma and curriculum violence in school curriculums. (mappingracialtrauma.sites.grinnell.edu) She is part of the inaugural cohort of the ACM Mellon Faculty Fellows and was awarded the STAR fellowship through the Literacy Research Association. She is working on a forthcoming manuscript about the intersections of curriculum violence and racialized trauma.

In addition to her academic duties as a teacher educator and researcher, Dr. Jones consults with school districts and other educational organizations on building antiracist curriculums and pedagogies. Her work can be found in Signal, Learning for Justice magazine, English Journal, Literacy Research: Teaching, Methods, and Practice, and English Teaching Practice and Critique.

Teachers are often faced with an unmanageable task: teach to the test where our funding and evaluations are determined, but also use materials that don’t affirm or value the knowledge of students that are not white.

Chapter Overview This chapter will trace the historical legacies of antiblackness in schools to the current misalignment of curriculum and teaching methods which contribute to the ongoing ecosystems of racial trauma.

The ever-growing literature on racial disparities also shows that the differences are not because the disadvantaged populations are any less capable but, in fact, arise because of the lack of equity in access to the social systems that serve them.

Chapter Overview Economic Activity by Race (EAR) is an innovative index that measures economic activity by race in the U.S.

Fatima Mboup is a first-year Economics Ph.D. student at The New School.

While studying there, she serves as a research associate at the Institute on Race Power and Political Economy and the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.

Her research focuses on real-time macroeconomic data for the U.S. economy, macroeconomic surveys, and macroeconomic modeling.

Currently, she has a working paper titled "Economic Activity by Race," introducing an innovative index, Economic Activity by Race (EAR), to measure economic activity by race in the U.S. The index provides a comparable perspective to what GDP by race might resemble in the U.S. Fatima holds an M.A. in economics and a B.A. in mathematical economics from Temple University.

Fatima Mboup

Reynaldo Ortiz-Minaya

bio

Born in the Dominican Republic, Reynaldo OrtízMinaya's areas of research reflect colonization's indelible impact on his land of birth and on surrounding islands in the Caribbean. His research includes world-historical structures of slavery (particularly in the Spanish-Caribbean); social regulatory processes; political economy; and ethnoracial labor formation. He examines the ways that systems of forced labor fluctuated and served as precursors to modern forms of penal punishment.

His forthcoming manuscript, "From Plantation to Prison: Visual Economies of Slave Resistance, Criminal Justice, and Penal Exile in the Spanish Caribbean, 1820-1886", explores the relationship between the expansion of slavery in Cuba and the rise of prisons in Puerto Rico as a means to incorporate the Spanish Caribbean into the world-market during the nineteenth century.

As a U.S. Fulbright Specialist, his additional research examines the historical relationship between forms of confinement (penal in particular) and the accumulation of profits under varying economic systems.

He serves on the board of directors for various international organizations focusing on penal reform and rule of law and has conducted research in Pakistan, Bulgaria, Hungary, Jamaica, South Africa, the Palestinian Territories, and throughout the Caribbean region.

At present, the deleterious effects on Puerto Rico’s flagship educational engine must be viewed in the context of a larger humaninduced dual crisis.

Chapter Overview The shift from “structural violence” to “structural criminality” demonstrates one of the ways in which primitive accumulation is an ongoing process within capitalist accumulation within the capitalist world-system and even more so as it pertains to populations subjected to processes of ethnoracialization.

Julia Ott

bio

I advance critical histories of capitalism with my scholarship, teaching, editoral work, publically-engaged writings, and through support of curatorial practice.

In 2019, the Sheila C. Johnson Design Center at Parsons School of Design exhibited a site-specific installation of the Museum of Capitalism, which grew out of my teaching collaboration with the artist collective FICTILIS at Eugene Lang College. I advised the Museum of the City of New York on their New York at its Core exhibit, which won an Annual Excellence in Exhibition Award from the American Alliance of Museums in 2018.

I've served as a Distinguished Lecturer for the Organization of American Historians and a consultant to documentary films. My writings for public audiences have been published in Public Books, The Nation, Dissent, and Public Seminar. My media appearances include BBC, NPR, C-SPAN, and PBS, while my work has been featured in outlets including The New York Times, Business World, New Dawn, Chinese National Television, Radio OpenSource, Majority Report with Sam Seder, Bloomberg, and Who Makes the Cents?

One of my favorite aspects of academic life is lending my support to other scholars and writers. I am fortunate to do as an advisor to MA and PhD candidates (in history, politics, sociology, and economics), a member of the Editorial Board of Dissent, a coeditor of the book series Studies in the History of U.S. Capitalism published by Columbia University Press, a founding co-editor of the journal Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics published

by University of Pennsylvania Press, and a founding co-Director of the Robert L. Heilbroner Center for Capitalism Studies at The New School.

Over the years, my work has received funding support from (among others) New America, the Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton, NJ), the Russell Sage Foundation (New York, NY).

Racialized chattel slaves were the capital that made capitalism.

Those features of the federal tax income code most responsible for today's racial wealth are the structural remnants of the violent system of racial apartheid known as "Jim Crow."

Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview To gather both inspiration and tactics for today’s prison abolition movement, this contribution will study the neglected but thoroughly successful 19th century international campaign to eradicate the debtors’ prison complex that had served as a warp and woof of emergent global capitalism, and therefore was not only entrenched, but deeply defended by its advocates during the eradication campaign.

There is no such thing as a sovereign that is self‐same; any given sovereign’s sovereignty is always built up on ties and binds of dependency that it cannot escape

bio

"Gustav Peebles is an Associate Professor of Global Studies and Liberal Studies at The New School in New York City. He has served twice as Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs and also led a research team that designed a new undergraduate program that addresses the multifaceted crisis in higher education in America today. With Dr. Emma Park, he is serving as Co-Principal Investigator for the Mellon-funded Sawyer Seminar, “Currency and Empire.” He is currently spearheading a Wenner-Gren Symposium —""The Price of Wealth”— with his colleagues Teresa Ghilarducci and Rick McGahey, a workshop designed to bring specific strands of economic and anthropological research together.

He received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in Socio-Cultural Anthropology, and a BA from Dartmouth College. His publications, including a book entitled, The Euro and Its Rivals, as well as a range of academic and popular articles, track credit, debt, money, and the diverse struggles to regulate and manage these vital economic phenomena throughout human history. Most recently, he has been exploring digital currencies, including work on the Swedish Central Bank’s e-currency proposal, as well as a wilder idea that leverages digital currency as a potential tool for fighting climate change.

In his spare time, he nurtures an almost pathological interest in the surprising threads that bind together the works of Edgar Allan Poe and Walter Benjamin. He lives with his wife and three children in Brooklyn, NY. He can be emailed at peeblesg@newschool.edu and found on Twitter @gustavpeebles. "

Gustav Peebles

Radical means something very different than what we’re positioned to believe. A radical growth in body only means a growth from the root. So if something is radical, it means that we are operating on the root.

Chapter Overview We need to consider schools and 'schooling' in historically isolated Black communities as the centerpoint in understanding the spatial and racial dimensions of structural violence.

DAVID Stovall

bio

David Stovall, Ph.D. is a professor in the departments of Black Studies and Criminology, Law & Justice at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). His scholarship investigates three areas 1) Critical Race Theory, 2) the relationship between housing and education, and 3) the intersection of race, place and school. In the attempt to bring theory to action, he works with community organizations and schools to address issues of equity, justice and abolishing the school/prison nexus. His work led him to become a member of the design team for the Greater Lawndale/Little Village School for Social Justice (SOJO), which opened in the Fall of 2005.

Furthering his work with communities, students, and teachers, his work manifests itself in his involvement with the Peoples Education Movement, a collection of classroom teachers, community members, students and university professors in Chicago, Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area who engage in collaborative community projects centered in creating relevant curriculum. In addition to his duties and responsibilities as a professor at UIC, he also served as a volunteer social studies teacher at the Greater Lawndale/Little Village School for Social Justice from 2005-2018.

Nikki Taylor

bio

Dr. Nikki M. Taylor is a Professor of U.S. History at Howard University. She earned her PhD in U.S. History and a certificate in Women’s Studies from Duke University. Dr. Taylor has authored 4 monographs including, "Frontiers of Freedom: Cincinnati’s Black Community 1802-1868" and "Driven Toward Madness: The Fugitive Slave Margaret Garner and Tragedy on the Ohio." Her most recent monograph is "Brooding Over Bloody Revenge: Enslaved Women and Lethal Resistance" (Cambridge University Press, 2023). She also the recipient of several prestigious fellowships and grants, including a Fulbright, Woodrow Wilson, Mellon Mays institutional grant, and a $5 million Just Futures Grant. Dr. Taylor recently stepped down as Chair of the Department of History, which she led for 6.5 years.

Chapter Overview

bio

"Tamyra Walker has 18 years of experience in educational program design and development, including the development of industry-informed programs for #YesWeCode, a national initiative to help underrepresented young women and men find success in the tech sector. She specializes in creating inclusive, student-centered STEM learning programs that prioritize cultural responsiveness and empower individual identity, fostering authentic knowledge transfer and deeper comprehension.

Tamyra began her career as a STEM educator in primarily minority-serving public schools in Dallas and Oakland, teaching students in grades first through eighth. During her 10 years as an educator, she also served as an instructional coach, developed curriculum for school districts, and co-designed and co-facilitated districtlevel math professional development for educators. Most recently, she is working to build inclusive computational pedagogies that leverage data practices and sociopolitical contexts to deepen quantitative reasoning skills.

Tamyra holds a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology from Howard University and a Master of Science in Mathematics Teaching and Learning from Drexel University. She is a featured educator for a Stanford University Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on Formative Assessment of Student Language to Improve Content Learning Protocol."

Tamyra Walker

Historically, math capital has been used to inflict harm upon the black community primarily through increasingly pervasive computational technologies while black people have been systematically marginalized, preventing them from acquiring the math capital that could mitigate such harm.

Chapter Overview

Lynchings of Blacks lead to historical Black political and policy-maker exclusion.

Did construction of the I-10 in New Orleans cause differential housing displacement in Black communities compared to White communities?

Chapter Overview

bio

Jhacova Williams is an applied microeconomist focusing primarily on economic history and cultural economics.

Her previous work has examined Southern culture and the extent to which historical events have impacted the political behavior and economic outcomes of Southern Black Americans. Recent examples include historical lynchings and the political participation of Blacks; and Confederate symbols and Black-White labor market differentials. She has also done a series of projects investigating the role of structural racism in shaping racial economic disparities in labor markets. Williams received a B.S. in mathematics from Xavier University of Louisiana, a M.S. in applied mathematics from the University of Maryland, College Park, and a Ph.D. in economics from Louisiana State University. She is an assistant professor in the Department of Public Administration and Policy at American University and worked at Xavier University of Louisiana, Clemson University, the Economic Policy Institute, and RAND Corporation before joining the faculty at American University.

Jhacova Williams

bio

Specializing in urban politics at the intersection of race, gender, and class, Tanishia Lavette Williams Peterson obtained a Ph.D. from the Public and Urban Policy program at the Milano School of International Affairs, Management, and Urban Policy at The New School. In her dissertation, Tanishia examines curriculum adoption (namely Culturally Responsive Pedagogy), policy, and educational disparities with a focus on the achievement and life outcomes of Black students. Based on her experience as a superintendent, executive director, principal, and teacher in school systems undergoing extensive reform, Tanishia’s focus on education aims to connect praxis and theory. Her contributions to school-based pedagogues and contemporary literature leverage the historicity of race relations within the law to modern policy and infrastructures that impact public education.

Tanishia’s scholarship examines how racism historically permeates systems via sociocultural norms and laws, resulting in the subordination of minorities through racialized hierarchies.

Her current multi-sited research exposes the varied tensions, contradictions, inclusions, and exclusions that co-exist in public education. Tanishia’s broader research goals aim to advance the literature at the intersections of education, racial stratification, and policy. Her current public scholarship includes a variety of presentations, talks, and speeches that analyze the role of race in disparate outcomes for people of color.

Tanishia Williams

This chapter offers an exploration of the historical evolution and contemporary purpose of standardized testing in educational systems, particularly examining its role as a covert form of structural violence against marginalized communities.

Kideste Yusef

bio

" Dr. Kideste Yusef is an Associate Professor of Criminal Justice and the Department Chair of the undergraduate Criminal Justice and Master’s in Criminal Justice Administration programs at Bethune-Cookman University.

As the Director of the B-CU Center for Law and Social Justice, she is actively engaged in advancing racial, social, and gender equity through education, civic engagement, and research, scholarship, and advocacy. Dr. Yusef has twenty years of collegiate teaching experience including undergraduate and graduate instruction in Criminal Justice, Sociology, and African American/African Studies. Her areas of expertise include race and social justice, communitypolice relations, police use of force and accountability, and performance management. Dr. Yusef utilizes mixed methods to research structural violence within criminal and juvenile justice systems to include the impact of race-based policing on fear, perceived legitimacy, and public encounters with police. She has decades of experience working with police departments and residents to enhance collective efficacy and improve community-police relations and public safety in vulnerable communities. She currently serves as the National Coordinator for the 400 Years of African American History Commission “I Fear for My Life” Initiative, which establishes a national dialogue between African American youth and police based on the common theme of fear. She received a B.S. in Criminal Justice and M.A. in Applied Sociology from Old Dominion University in Norfolk, VA, and M.A. in Criminal Justice and Ph.D. in Criminal Justice with a concentration in Law, Policy, and Practice from The Graduate Center/John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University New York.

Finding meaningful employment, exercising citizenship via voting rights, finding safe and secure housing, and so on, are some of the many challenges that previously incarcerated individuals face.

This chapter explores how varying degrees of police-public contact including vicarious experiences, overpolicing, officer demeanor, threatened force, non-fatal/ low levels of force, and police violence engender feelings of both personal and altruistic fear and anxiety among Black college students and youth.

Chapter Overview

ABSTRACTS

Abstracts

Jared Ball Black capitalism as a conceptual phenomenon must be increasingly aggressed upon by interpretive frames which incorporate attendant histories of colonization, the political economy of mass communication studies, and psychological warfare. Black capitalism, or the array of tactics involving claims of “financial literacy,” “Black entrepreneurialism,” or simply “Black business,” and which are nominally set to the task of Black liberation, is itself an extension of empire, capitalist (ill)logic, and a tactic of state-driven counterinsurgency.

Therefore, discussion of Black economics must evolve to involve multiple disciplines and theoretical approaches to the history of Black capitalism and its particular apparent capture of Black economic and political discourse.

The peculiarity of Black capitalist (ill)logic and its prevalence in Black discourse dangerously mirrors that of the institution which forms still the foundation of the current problem. Black capitalism’s narrative capture must be understood and addressed as the intellectual parallel, even extension of, histories of enslavement, police violence, mass incarceration, political imprisonment and assassination or as any other tactic, past, present or future, set to suppress Black (and beyond) radical political power. In other words, Black capitalism (BC) must, to paraphrase Big Daddy Kane, be given its B.C. date and made history.

Suparna Bhaskaran (and Darrick Hamilton) Our work contributes to the transdisciplinary scholarship on the economics of structural violence by examining the political economy of budgets and balance sheets and how they are moral and ethical documents. We build upon the growing momentum of advocacy and scholarship that has highlighted how city, county, state and federal budgets in the United States can through multiple legal mechanisms devalue, deprioritize, and contain Black communities via the shares of spending into the military and policing and predation through fines and fees.

Kimberly Burke This chapter uses critical race theory to reconceptualize "embodied capital" as encompassing both material and symbolic aspects of social power, such as freedom of movement, bodily integrity, and the capacity to participate fully in society without restraint. Through policy analysis, ethnographic observations, and in-depth interviews, the chapter explains how policing indirectly and directly constrains Black Americans' embodied capital. For example, during police encounters, the threat of detention, violence, and arrest compels performances of deference from Black civilians. Moreover, White civilians' capacity to weaponize police intervention suggests racialized disparities in deference that spill over into interracial interactions more broadly. Analyzing the harms of policing through this lens of embodied capital reveals how even lawful policing intersects with and entrenches racial hierarchy on material and symbolic levels. Specifically, the chapter examines how laws, police department regulations, and officers' rationalizations enable the extraction of Black embodied capital to generate White surplus capital. It concludes by identifying reforms aimed at redistributing White surplus capital and transforming policing to invest in, rather than appropriate, Black communities' embodied capital.

Abstracts

Abstracts

Kimberly Chong In this talk I consider how balance sheets are connected to the production of structural inequality.

In particular, I am interested in the tension between depictions of balance sheets as neutral documents of technocracy, and how they are used in practice to enshrine acts of exploitation as financially prudent and thus desirable. One example is restricting or controlling of labor cost, which can be realized through casualised labour and outsourcing, in the pursuit of what is termed a ‘strong balance sheet’. In this way, balance sheets create ethical remits for restructuring and flexibilization. They also provides economic legitimacy for entrenching racial and gendered hierarchies of labour, by naturalizing the claim or expectation that outsourced work is taken on by women, people of colour, or migrants.

Furthermore, attaching labels of ‘cost-generators’ to those who take on outsourced work, leads to misleading representations of their productive capacities and also affects working conditions and the capacity of employees to challenge inequities.

In short, the use of balance sheets in financialized regimes of valuation and speculation draws upon social difference and leads to structural inequality within organizations.

Dania Francis Black agricultural land ownership was at a peak just after the turn of the 20th century; however, there was a nearly 90 percent decline in ownership from 1910 to 1997. We use county-level Census of Agriculture data to estimate the value of the lost (stolen) Black agricultural land from 1920 to 1997. For all counties in each of the seventeen (mostly southern) states that comprised over 90 percent of all Black owned farmland, we calculated the yearly acreage loss, multiplied by the countylevel estimate of per-acre land values. We then compounded those land loss values forward to the year 2020 at a rate of return of six percent per year for the appreciation of the land and a rate of return of 5 percent per year for the income the land could provide. Our results yield a cumulative value of Black land loss of about $326 billion. To put this figure in perspective, if this represented the gross domestic product (GDP) of a country, that country would rank 41st out of 213 countries in a world-ranking of GDP in 2020.

This would be in the top 20 percent of countries, ahead of South Africa, Finland, and New Zealand.

Darrick Hamilton (Suparna Bhaskaran) Our work contributes to the transdisciplinary scholarship on the economics of structural violence by examining the political economy of budgets and balance sheets and how they are moral and ethical documents. We build upon the growing momentum of advocacy and scholarship that has highlighted how city, county, state and federal budgets in the United States can through multiple legal mechanisms devalue, deprioritize, and contain Black communities via the shares of spending into the military and policing and predation through fines and fees.

Abstracts

Abstracts

Stephanie Jones Across the history of education in the United States, Black children have taken the brunt of local, regional, and national policies and practices whose main goal is to disenfranchise and dispossess them of educational rights and privileges (Dumas & Ross, 2016). In every societal institution, the dehumanization and devaluation of Black lives is a requirement, and schools are no exception.

Educational researchers have specifically named the ways antiblackness materializes in schools, including acts of racialized trauma (Jones, 2020), linguistic oppression (Baker-Bell, 2020), and unequal allotment of resources (Rothstein, 2014). While there exists an expanding body of scholarship which speaks to the ways the institution of school works against Black and Brown children (Dancy et al., 2018; Dumas, 2016; Dumas & Nelson, 2016; Gholson & Wilkes, 2017; Jones, 2019; King & Woodson, 2017; Lyiscott, 2019; Mustaffa, 2017; Ohito, 2016; Parker, 2017; Thomas & Warren, 2017; Warren & Coles, 2020; Wun, 2016), there is an immediate need for additional scholarship that speaks broadly about the impact of curriculum violence. Curriculum violence within a classroom setting is defined as a “set of lessons that damage or otherwise adversely affect students intellectually and emotionally” (Jones, 2020, para.

7), and has been deemed “a civil rights issue” (Ighodar & Wiggan, 2011).

Fatima Mboup We observe empirical differences between races across various macroeconomic variables for the White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic populations in the U.S. For instance, the Black unemployment rate in the U.S. is more often than not double the White unemployment rate.

In this paper, I treat nine macroeconomic variables as noisy indicators of economic activity and estimate an index that measures the economic activity of racial demographic groups in the U.S., called Economic Activity by Race (EAR). The noise of the indicators motivates the use of Kalman filter estimation to extract a common component from the noisy indicator variables. My index suggests that there are empirical differences between Black and White economic activity in the U.S., supporting the disparities found between races in racial stratification literature. Further, my results suggest that a structural shock to White economic activity is more persistent than a structural shock to Black, Asian, or Hispanic economic activity due to more heterogeneous sensitivity to various measures of economic well-being.

Abstracts

Abstracts

Reynaldo Ortiz Minaya Following the crisis of global capital in the period 2007-8, I have been examining multiple ways to better interpret the new and old forms of structural violence with the unforeseen manifestation(s) of finance capitalism within the world-economy. In such regard, there has been a slowly forging relationship, regardless of how asymmetric its operation may seem, between the financialization of global capital and what can perhaps be deemed as a new character of "structural violence”.

Within such characterization, the Caribbean and Latin American region serve as one example of this and strongly demonstrate such emerging relationship.

From such perspective, I see certain trends that within the daily life of current social existence and its global scale, despite all its recognizable historical and structural heterogeneity, are beginning to be increasingly present and protruding, this affecting, in extreme ways, the principal areas of social relations in everyday social existence. Such trends are mainly: 1) the continuous expansion, intensification, and growing of a culture whose core value, and for many—the only, is the obtaining of “profit” under any conditions and at any costs; 2) the practice of “fraud” as a form of conduct that tends to legitimize itself, given that all speculation implies, in all forms, through certain methods and measures, such said “fraud”; 3) such “profit” and “fraud,” as principal impetuses of the culture of everyday life which support the tendency towards criminality (not just in the sense of illegality), but more as a growing practice of crimes—i.e., extortion, kidnappings, robbery, and murder—as part of the social relations in the daily life of members of society, above all, within the poorest, oppressed, and both discriminated and coerced sectors. Furthermore, it is precisely those deemed as racially inferior, i.e., communities of African descent as well as Indigenous decent, who find themselves the most subjected to such economic processes.

Hence, the “structural violence” that for a long time has been discussed within the social sciences, today has a new and distinct character: thus, it can be named as “structural criminality” under capitalism. Under the hegemony of speculation, within the financialization of global capitalism, actual “profit” is not based so much on surplus- value and the exploitation of a living workforce, but above all, in obtaining “rent” and, within its financial concentration, whatever circumstances or conditions necessary for such acquiring. “Structural criminality” accordingly emerges as a tendency of the social relations within everyday life under the conditions of the financialization of modern capitalism.

Julia Ott "For centuries, individuals and families deemed “white” in the United States have amassed assets and accumulated wealth across generations, thanks to privileges and protections granted by society and by the state. In contrast, Black Americans’ efforts to build wealth have been thwarted by discrimination, exploitation, expropriation, and violence—harms perpetrated by individuals and by institutions, both public and private.

For a century, tax policies favoring investors and investment have sustained and quickened the accumulation of wealth by affluent white households. The United States’ massive system of tax expenditures is, perhaps, the most enduring legacy of some of the most virulent white supremacists ever to sit in the United States Congress.

In the first decades of the twentieth century, these men and their state-level Democratic political machines deployed the racist violence of “Jim Crow” apartheid to seize and to retain political power.

For decades, they strenuously fought racial integration and opposed every legal challenge to racial discrimination in education, employment, housing, and credit access. At the same time, the furtively shaped tax policy to preserve racial gaps in household wealth.

In 2022, the federal government surrendered the equivalent to 8.3 percent of GDP to tax expenditures that favor investors and investment (an estimated $657 billion). This is enough to fund ample investments in sustainable, care-centered infrastructure, social benefits, and other policies to reduce any of the myriad forms of inequality, all of which continue to be marked by profound racial inequity."

Abstracts

Abstracts

Gustav Peebles For centuries, much of the world considered debtors’ prisons as foundational to the very flow of credit and debt throughout society. Depicted in countless memoirs and fiction novels in multiple languages, these “custodial” prisons stretched from Argentina to Russia, offering surety to creditors who feared that debtors could too easily use jurisdictional borders to “flee” their debts; at the same time, debtors who disputed the claims of creditors could also use the debtors’ prisons strategically, as a method of contesting claims in the absence of bankruptcy courts.

As 19th century capitalism gradually displaced feudalism, debtors’ prisons became seen as “barbaric relics” of a bygone era that scandalously imagined that the human body itself could serve as economic collateral for a credit/debt pledge.

Michael Ralph “Police Liability Insurance and the question of moral hazard”: Police liability insurance is designed to keep law enforcement agencies accountable to the populations they take an oath to serve. In the event that a police officer is charged and successfully convicted of misconduct resulting in injury or death, the law enforcement agency holding the policy may draw upon it to pay the injured party or next of kin.

This basic assumption about the way that police liability insurance works is so widespread that scholars and insurance agents alike routinely insist that these policies are an effective means to “regulate” police conduct. Despite this widespread ideal, there has never been a systematic study to examine whether police liability insurance policies have any causal relationship to police misconduct.

This investigation seeks to examine whether police liability insurance works as designed.

Abstracts

Abstracts

David Stovall "The project seeks to offer a counternarrative to the pervasive depiction of Black youth through an interrogation of the intersections of education, housing and law enforcement.

Utilizing the theoretical constellation of Critical Race Theory, racial capitalism, an organized abandonment, the project challenges popularized notions of hyperviolent Black youth through a discussion of state-sanctioned violence in the form of planned instability. The manuscript seeks to understand the current connection between school closings, housing and law enforcement strategies as structurally violent.

By engineering conflict between groupings of Black people, the city of Chicago has paired a set of neoliberal policies, resulting in the destabilization of many low-income AfricanAmerican communities.

Using loss of population density and budget constraints as the rationale to enforce the closing of schools, populations are declared disposable and are systemically “cleansed” from the city boundaries. Operating as a form of statebased violence, school closings, the destruction of public housing and law enforcement exacerbates deeply rooted conflicts in a hyper-segregated city, resulting in tragic results for schools and families."

Tamyra Walker Given this tagging of the human body as a brute object in a market transaction, a reform movement emerged against the debtors’ prison complex at roughly the same time as both the movement to abolish slavery and the movement to criminalize prostitution— two other obvious zones that tragically conflated human value with monetary reckoning. In order to find both additional inspiration and an enlarged tactical repertoire for today’s prison abolitionism movement, this paper will offer a study of the successful international movement to abolish the debtors’ prison. By the end of the 19th century, the bolts and locks of the world’s debtors’ prisons had been shuttered once and for all, marking their trajectory from vital cog in the global economic machinery to useless appendage that could be eradicated. What lessons might be learned from this impressive global eradication effort?

Abstracts

Abstracts

Jhacova Williams The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 authorized the construction of 41,000 miles of the U.S. interstate highway system, making it the largest public works program in U.S. history.

While this system successfully connected states and communities across the nation, the U.S. Department of Transportation estimates that nearly 500,000 households were displaced due to these construction projects. This project examines the economic consequences of a specific highway funded under this Act in one city, namely Interstate 10 in New Orleans. Using newly constructed data from historical maps and exploiting censustract level variation in highway placement, we find that Interstate 10 resulted in differential housing displacement in Black communities compared to White communities. Specifically, Black communities saw a significant decline in housing units compared to White communities when both experienced highway construction.

These results remain for decades following construction, suggesting that highway construction left a legacy of racial inequality in New Orleans.

Tanishia Lavette Williams Beginning with a historical overview, the chapter traces the genesis of standardized assessments to the early 20th century, highlighting their initial purpose in the industrial era to create uniformity in the burgeoning education system. This historical context is crucial to understand how these tools, once seen as revolutionary, have become instruments of social stratification.

The focus then shifts to how standardized testing, often perceived as an objective measure of academic ability, has evolved into a mechanism that inadvertently perpetuates social and educational inequalities. The chapter presents compelling evidence and case studies that illustrate the disproportionate negative impact of these assessments on students from diverse racial, ethnic, and socio-economic backgrounds. It argues that the tests, laden with cultural and linguistic biases, serve to reinforce existing social hierarchies by disadvantaging those outside the mainstream cultural norms.

Moreover, the chapter critically examines the declared purposes of standardized testing in the contemporary educational landscape. It debates the validity of these tests as measures of student ability and school effectiveness, challenging the notion that they are the most effective tools for accountability and improvement in education.

Abstracts

Abstracts

Kideste Yusef This chapter explores how varying degrees of police-public contact (vicarious experiences, over-policing, officer demeanor, threatened force, non-fatal/ low levels of force, and police violence) engender feelings of both personal and altruistic fear and anxiety among Black college students and youth. As the public’s first contact with the criminal legal system, interactions between young people and law enforcement can play a defining role in future encounters, evaluations of police service, and impact levels of trust and participation in collaborative crime prevention. While research reveals that Black youth and adults (and Latinos to lesser degree members) are disproportionately impacted by forms of structural police violence and discriminatory practices, fewer studies focus primarily on the experiences and perceptions of African American college-aged youth. Informed by critical race theory, intersectionality, and procedural justice, this study utilizes a mixedmethods participatory approach based on data collected through survey and group interviews with over 100 college students primarily attending HBCUs across the country. Assessing policerelated fear among young people provides an important window into their experiences with trauma, mental health, measures of avoidance, and perceptions of police policy and practices, while centering their narratives and experiences.

GuestS

Alethia Russell is a doctoral student studying higher education and education policy studies at Indiana University, where she works as a Project Associate for the National Survey for Student Engagement. She completed her M.A. in Higher Education Administration at The University of Alabama and received a B.A. in Journalism from Auburn University. Russell has worked in journalism, admissions, university recruitment, and student involvement and engagement.

Her research focuses on high-achieving Black undergraduate women, undergraduate student activism, and student voice in education policy.

Alethia

Bobby Nweke is a dynamic educator, facilitator, and speaker dedicated to lifelong learning.

Working with incarcerated youth from his birthplace of Washington, DC, Bobby’s work in Education started at the New Beginnings Maya Angelou Academy (fka Oak Hill). Teaching & learning from his students inspired his interest in educating and coaching adults to positively impact realities and opportunities for all students.

After New Beginnings, Bobby taught Middle School English, coached new teachers across Gen-Ed & SPED; K-12), led a charter school in the city of Oakland, and facilitated convenings and learning experiences for Ed orgs. He developed his aptitude for systems thinking, coaching for equity, and leading learning experiences to not only challenge our cognitive architecture, but also enable educational leaders to think and learn more effectively, in turn passing down learning for employees & students’ success. In recent years, his passion for equipping adults with learning translated to excavating & curating innovative ideas as he pivoted to more creative pursuits as curator and coach for TED Conference’s education initiative (TED-Ed ).

Contributing to over 80% of TED’s education talks on TED.com, Bobby has written, coached, produced, and curated content with Educators, C-suite executives, and VIP clientele across a variety of industries. In the past year, his work has garnered over 20 millions views and been featured as the #1 and #3 TED Talks of 2022. Now the founder of Ready Co, Bobby creates learning experiences, facilitation, and coaching to prepare speakers for the stage and educators for the new frontier of learning.

BOBBY

"Carl “CJ” Greer is a fourth-year Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Originally from Milwaukee, WI, Greer earned his BA in psychology from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee and a dual master of educational leadership and policy and social work at the University of Michigan– Ann Arbor. Greer’s youth worker and educator background within Milwaukee and Detroit contexts inspired him to pursue doctoral training in becoming a community-focused tenure track faculty member that examines how the relationship between schools and community-based education spaces can holistically develop Black youth.

His current scholarship examines the attempt to erase racially minoritized communities’ narratives by censoring Critical Race Theory and other social justice frameworks (e.g., equity, ethnic studies, multiculturalism) in schools.

Greer’s work holds recognition from the Wisconsin Center for Education Research, Morgridge Center for Public Service, University Council of Education Administration, and the Ford Foundation.

CJ

Kristal C. Langford is a doctoral candidate at the Rutgers’ Graduate School of Education in New Brunswick, NJ. Her doctoral work, an historical inquiry, seeks to elucidate how the proliferation of Black bodies in New Jersey’s public schools during the Great Migration agitated the hegemony of whiteness in classroom practices, teaching, and training materials. Also a lecturer in the Department of Psychology at William Paterson University, Kristal teaches courses on the intersectionality of race, racism, and psychology; race and education, and gender studies with an emphasis on the Black and Caribbean Women experience. Kristal’s academic work is complemented by her profession and archival research examining local New Jersey history. She is the Public Historian for the Lost Souls Public Memorial Project researching and sharing the lives and legacies of Black New Jerseyans and New Yorkers illegally sold to the Deep South during the Domestic Slave Trade. Currently, Kristal serves as a thought leader on the Revolution 250 New Jersey, a not-for-profit partner of the New Jersey Historical Commission. She contributes her knowledge and expertise to the creation of an online repository of educational materials and resources for school districts and teachers-with a special emphasis on voices from historically marginalized and disenfranchised communities.

Kristal

Sam is a multidisciplinary designer helping to communicate thoughts and ideas through drawings and visuals.

SAM

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