Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Area

Politecnico di Milano

2020

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Novitasari Leonard Tanaya Laurea Magistrale (LM) Architecture and Urban Design

Laura Pogliani Supervisor

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Novitasari Leonard Tanaya Laurea Magistrale (LM) Architecture and Urban Design Laura Pogliani Supervisor Politecnico di Milano 2020

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Table of Contents.

Table of Contents.

Table of Contents Introduction

Visions

Analysis : Lambrate

Project : Urban Development

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

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Introduction

Introduction

practice - Beruto Plan in the end of 19th century. The radial urban structure of Milan documented back in XIII century in Milanese poet Bovensin de la Riva (1288) in “De magnalibus urbis Mediolani” (“On the greatness of the city of Milan”), in which he wrote - “Civitas ista ipsa orbicularis est ad circulli modum, cuius mirabilis rotonditas perfectionis eius est signum,” (reads as”This same city has an orbital space, in the shape of a circle: this admirable roundness is the sign of its perfection”) (Bernini, 2019). This “grey” radial urban development of the city was later followed by the idea of the Milan Green ring. These subsequent expansions designed in concentric circles in the urban structure (Morandi, 2007).

This ring of infrastructures became important as it was located between the city inner rings and green etablishment in outer ring, in which later could provide connections between human and nature.

The Abandoned railways was still located in the prime location despite the it was left abandoned. In the case of Milan, the railways are still well functioning, although some of the stops were slighlty moved or has been scaled down to suit the current needs. Their locations were mostly in the central of their respective districts, easily accesible and highly infrastructured.

However, the state of being abandoned was affecting the surrounding urban fabric, thus affecting the value of neighboring buildings and public space related to attractiveness and safety.

The transformation of this abandoned railway stations could later create new centralities within districts, as a catalyst of new development in the respective area as the positve regeneration effect spreads forcefully to nearby blocks. (Arup, 2017)

The Regenerations of abandoned urban railways has been an intriguing issue in European city for the past decade, as it was seen as a way out to provide a life while avoiding urban sprawl phenomenons towards natural resources such as agricultural land.

It was an undeniable fact that most of the earth populations live in the city, reaching 72% in number, without any clue of stopping in the near future according to the research conducted by Arup (Arup, 2017). The urban sprawl phenomenon that widely shown in the US was apparently not European city had in mind, as the awareness has been raised on how to preserve the agricultural and natural land territories with sustainable future in mind. Despite Hong Kong shown how far the compactness and high density of the city could become, It was still a possible model to reduce urban sprawl with carefully planned development to avoid the overcrowded and unhealthy environment.

In the “mature” city like Milan, Hong Kong, or other metropolitan city in which most of the area in the city itself already built, land became precious value that not everyone can afford. Therefore, the agricultural land was later on the verge of distinction as it was considerated for providing the city more land to be developed. The regeneration of the abandoned areas came as a solution without further consumption of virgin soil (Arup, 2017) Numerous cities have been establihing their respective abandoned railways for the urban marketing strategy purpose for their size and location.

The establishment of abandoned railways stations in Milan became improtant as not only they were adjacent to functioning railways, but also to promote Milan urban green strategy, in which the probability of the abandoned railway statiom to act as a connection between Milan green ring establishment to the rest of the city.

Milan has been through several urban expansions - in radial manner (Figure 1) - in the history, from the Romans era through the era of modern urban planning

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

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Introduction

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2 km

Figure 1 Layers of Milan’s Urban Development “Rings”

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Introduction

Pavia-Masera (1910) plan

Spanish Walls

Roman Walls

Beruto Master Plan (1884-1189)

Medieval Walls

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Figure 2 Milan’s urban expansion in historical sequences.

Milan that we recognized know was bigger than it was used to be as it was developed through the year to accomodate the increasing population of the city. Roman Wall was the first boundary of the city in which was way smaller than the famous Medieval Wall with outstanding gates - in Italian “Porta” - that we recognized today. Beruto Plan (1884;1889) became one of the important plan that shapped today’s Milan as it was created even beforeThe Institution of Natrional Planning Act (NPA). The plan that supposed to be filled in 20-40 years was developed in no time. Pavia-Masera Plan (1912) developed industrial part within the city.

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

The plan also highlighted urban services such as the development of Citta Studi district with Universita Satale and Politecnico (1927), new fair area - Piazza D’Armi of Beruto Plan, sports area - hippodrome & stadium near San Siro, and east of Milan as fruit and vegtables market.

Infrastructure system was rapidly improved - from new road axis (Viale Romagna/Molise/Puglia/Basilicata - etc) and railway stations. Central Station has been moved from its original position to nowadays situation in 1932. Transit stations along the railways were also reestablished in this era, adjacent in the Milan railway belt around the city.

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Introduction

to. Asso

to. Malpensa

to. Monza

to. Turin

to. Venice

to. Mortara

M1 Sesto FS - Rho Fiera/ Bisceglie

M2 Abbiategrasso/Assago - Gessate/Cologno

M3 S. Donato - Comasina

M5 Bignami - San Siro Stadium

M4 San Cristoforo - Linate Aeroporto

Milan Passante Railway Railway Stations

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to. Genoa

Figure 3 Milan’s Railways - Metro Network

Another ring of the city - Infrastructure ring which was defined by elevated railways around the city developed way back in the beginning of 20th century.

Elevated railways have been abandoned by metropolitan cities worldwide as it became unfavorable as they managed to move further with underground system.

Abandoned elevated railways became new urban void that later been transformed as public spaces. High Lane in New York was one of the succesful pioneer for this urban transformation in which later followed by Paris, Seoul, etc.

However, Milan doesn’t have the same problems.

The elevated railways are fully function and abandoned was far from possible as they were crucial connecting regions in the North Italy. Although the problem later came as stations that previously enermous in size has been shrinked. Large spaces in the station were important a century ago to accomodate the handling process for goods, in which now was recognized as Milan’s biggest void as the handling systems were gradually shifted.

Through this map, the abandoned railways showed how it was well connected to urban transportation systems - how the lands have potentials with strategic locations within the city.

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Introduction

Greco 73,526 sqm

Farini 618,733 sqm

Lambrate 70,187 sqm

Porta Genova 89,137 sqm

Rogoredo 21,132 sqm

Porta Romana 216,614 sqm

San Cristoforo 158,276 sqm

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Figure 4 Milan’s Abandoned Railways within the transformation plan

The topic about the regeneration of the abandoned urban railways station has been under discussions for more than 10 years until Comune di Milano launched guidelines in 2017 under Documento di Visione Strategica Scala Ferroviari - Giugno 2017.

Based on the previous Map (Figure 2) of Milan’s urban expasion, the railway establishment was located in the outer ring of Milan, defining the inner city and periphery area. The elevated railway stood as concrete barrier between district, and the undeveloped brownfield of stations became a leftover the district to overcome.

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

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1

2 km

Introduction

parco martesana parco trotter

parco lambro

parco stella

parco sempione parco forlanini parco monlue

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parco agricolo sud milano

Figure 5 Milan Green Spaces

Series of greens were spread out in the metropolitan area,, while the large cultivated green spaces situated along the border of the city. The idea of connecting green systems to the infrastructure belt has been expressed in the guidelines* - explaining the idea of renaturalization along the railway and development of ecological corridor by PGT*. The implementation of the new projects and the existing will increase the city ecological preservation capabilities, as an effort to encourage the importance of nature in the nowadays situation.

In his vision of Scali Milano, Stefano Boeri came with

the idea of Un Fiume Verde per Milano, a vision of urban reforestation drawn following the bands of railway tracks. The vision explaned the idea of connection developed by continuous system of greens connected with each other by green corridors and cycle paths.

The abandoned railways has wide potential of development, as it was located in the prime area within the urban transportation system. However, as the natural elements were gradualy decreased due to urban civilization, the new projects development would be a great chance to enrich the quality of the city.

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Visions

Visions Located in the East of Milan, Lambrate Railway Station was one of the 7 railways that was under regeneration programms.

Figure 6 n Fiume Verde per Milano - Stefano Boeri Team

The topic about the development of abandond urban railways came to surface in 2005, started with signed aggrement between Municipality of MIlan and Ferrovie dello Stato group. In 2007, the agreement has been perfected by selecting 7 areas of development which no longer functional for railway operations, been abandoned, or soon to be disposed in approximately 1.3 million square meters (1). In 2009, the seven disused railway areas (Farini, Greco, Lambrate, Romana, Rogoredo, Porta Genova, and San Cristoforo) were set with a total SLP of 765,500 sqm. divided between “open-function” (548,500 sqm) and social-function

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

(219,000 sqm). However, in 2016, the discussion was still continued although the building indexes reduced to 636,000 sqm.

5 Scenarios of Railways area development On Dec 2016, the workshop titled “Dagli scali, la nuova citta” was held in Farini, discussing the future of Milan’s disused railways area with participants of professionals in various subjects - economist, architect, engineers, etc. Folloing the workshop, 5 scenarios has been created by the architecture teams and was exhibited in Porta Genova during Aprtil 2017. The

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Visions

works of the EMBT teams (led by Benedetta Tagliabue), Mecanoo (Francine Houben), studio SBA (Stefano Boeri), MAD Architects (MA Yansong) and CZA (Cino Zucchi) held similar key points of the city;s development - Public green spaces, social housing and sustainable mobility.

The imaginery was delivered in different ways - there are those who have imagined a continuous system of parks and gardens, linked together by green corridors created on the buffer area btween teh railway tracks and urban settlements, and there are others who think the circle line could be a catalyst for Milan as predominantly car-free city in the future. Similar to the first idea that mentioned, one of the group imagined the railyards as “broli”, series of new green areas that reformed Milan’s urban condition. There is also an idea of them being a micro-city with capabilities of relating spesific issues, and another idea that relate them to a role of water power plant in the development ofthe territory.

“The concept represents one of the greatest opportunities for urban redevelopment and regeneration seen in Europe for years. Working on this basis, the Green River aims to transform 90% of the seven freight yards into an interconnected system of parks, woods, oases, orchards and gardens for public use linked by green corridors and cycle paths built on the former railway

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Visions

tracks. It will also be possible to build high density urban areas on the remaining 10%, intended to host activities and facilities that are currently lacking in Milan’s neighbourhoods, above all residences and study spaces/ laboratories for young people (young professional housing and student hotels), but also cultural and help services for residents (libraries, clinics and kindergartens) as well as social housing and markets” says Stefano Boeri explaning his studio concepts “Un Fiume Verde per Milano”.

Mecanoo teams came with the similar thought of developing a green circle line connecting the different railway yards with bicycle lane. The railway yards transformed into mobility hubs with multiple transport options to support sustainable living. Most of the teams were well aware the importance of maintaining urban green spaces and how this project of disused railway yards has great potential in Milan’s Urban transformations.

Documento di Visione Strategica The discussion during the workshop provided contribution to the drafting of Documento di Visione Strategica. Launched in June 2017 by Comune di Milano, it consists a future plan - vision - towards the usability of abandoned railyway stations in Milan. The Municipality even held a massive exhibitions, including workshops and official website for this Scali Milano project. Famous architects are involved to give contibutions in the form of idea about Milan’s future hubs in these respective railway stations. Together with the guidelines and recent urban research, this project portray one of the possible visualization of one of these railway stations.

The strategic for the regeneraton of the railway yards was implemmented from Commune Piano di Governo del Territorio (PGT), in which descripted the central issues and objectives around thes topics : urban regeneration of large brownfield and degraded areas as a strategic urban development rearrangement of the railway belt as a transport Farini - San Cristoforo Competition Following the signed programm agreeement for the urban transformation of the disused railway area by Ferrovie dello Stato Spa, FS Sistemi Urbani Srl and RFI Spa, along with Municipality of Milan, competition was held for the preparation of the masterplan.

OMA grab the first place winner with design that offer environmental solution - with linear forest for cooling and purifying urban air and water purification system in the area along the San Cristoforo. Once again, sustainability and urban resilience of climate change became main points for consideration as the impact could affect the health of inhabitants in the future.

Figure 7 Un Fiume Verde per Milano Stefano Boeri Team Figure 8 Scali Milno - Catalysts for Sustainable Living by Mecanoo Team Figure 9 Scalo Farini - San Cristoforo Competition Winner, OMA Figure 10 Scalo Farini - San Cristoforo Competition Winner, OMA

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

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Visions

Reinventing Cities - Greco-Breda/Lambrate Reaching on their second edition, Reinventing cities is the international call launched by Municipality of Milan together with C40 which invites professionals to deliver their visions of the railway yards according the surface rights given by the Agreement. The projects were selected following the first criteria of the resilience abality and environmental friendly solutions.

The competition results portrayed different solutikons of land use. The first winner of Greco-Breda competition was introducing Zero carbon “Social Housing” project with beds for students available. The green areas occupied 60% of total surfaces, in which 1200 sqm designated for Community Food Hub and urban farming. Multimodality strategy appeared to be important as an effort of private car usage reductions by the residents, by building new mobility systems and infrastructures that support slow mobility movement.

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Visions

ATTRA\VERSO San Cristoforo An International competition was held by the Municipality of Milan in collaboration with M4 for urban proposal that connects Lorenteggio and Ronchetto sul Naviglio, in which also connected with the future metro stop “San Crsitoforo”.

AOUMM studio came out as a winner in the design competition of a new intermodal hub that consits of public transportation systems and slow mobility system in the level of cycling/walking for pedestrians.

The project connected two strategic areas that divided by the railways line, extending the benefits of the future M4 constructions.The cycle and pedestrian walkways accompanied with the landscapes that allows the collection of the rain water. The land consumptions were limited as much as possible to maintain the natural elements, although the park combined with the hard surfaces for public/sports activities, such as skating,

Figure 11 Reinventing Cities Grec-Breda Winner - “L’Innesto”

by Barreca & La Varra Figure 12 Reinventing Cities - GrecBreda Winner - “L’Innesto” by Barreca & La Varra Figure 13 ATTRA\VERSO San Cristoforo Competition Winner, AOUMM studio Figure 14 ATTRA\VERSO San Cristoforo Competition Winner, AOUMM studio

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

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Visions

ping-pong, playgrounds, etc.

Supporting its intermodality concepts, parking area was built on the end of the bridge, both for autobus and private cars,, with a tower of automatic parking systems.

Commercial and offices spaces were built on the site to encourage activities in the project area. The position

Figure 15 ATTRA\VERSO San Cristoforo Competition Winner, AOUMM studio Figure 16 ATTRA\VERSO San Cristoforo Competition Winner, AOUMM studio

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Visions

Figure 17 ATTRA\VERSO San Cristoforo Competition Winner, Casatibuonsante Figure 18 ATTRA\VERSO San Cristoforo Competition Winner, Casatibuonsante Figure 19 ATTRA\VERSO San Cristoforo Competition Winner, Casatibuonsante Figure 20 ATTRA\VERSO San Cristoforo Competition Winner, Casatibuonsante

of the private vehicular settlements was located in the seperate area of the bridge and parks, in some ways, could be seen as an effort to prevent both fast and slow mxed all-together.

Casatibuonsante architects also delivered impressive proposal, placing them in the 4th place. The bridge, accompanied with the new structures allowed efficient connection with ramps, as the circular ramp later defined the area of public functions such as basketball court. Under ramp, small functions such as bar, public transportation ticket office, and a flower shop was situated to make use of the negative space.The topic about the development of abandond urban railways

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

came to surface in 2005, started with signed aggrement between Municipality of MIlan and Ferrovie dello Stato group. In 2007, the agreement has been perfected by selecting 7 areas of development which no longer functional for railway operations, been abandoned, or soon to be disposed in approximately 1.3 million square meters (1). In 2009, the seven disused railway areas (Farini, Greco, Lambrate, Romana, Rogoredo, Porta Genova, and San Cristoforo) were set with a total SLP of 765,500 sqm. divided between “open-function” (548,500 sqm) and social-function (219,000 sqm). However, in 2016, the discussion was still continued although the building indexes reduced to 636,000 sqm.

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stop II Change of municipal council: revocation and re-discussion of the PGT

Development of disused railways area

Area identifcation of disused railways in terms of deelopment and urban parameters.

(Comune, FS, Ferrovie Real Estate, RFI)

(Comune, FS)

Strengthening Milan’s Infrastructural Nodes

2005

Strengthening Milan transportation system.

2007

2008

Figure 21

Timeline diagram of disused railway station development

2010

Discipline the areas of abandoned railways, increase building capacity - but considering the implementation based on unitary agreement.

Defines as Agreement aside from the reinvestment of capital gains in interventions on the circle line.

2008-2010 Programm Agreement (Comune, Regione, FS, Europa Gestione Immobiliare Poste Italiane)

2012 New PGT

Enhancement of disused railway areas through definition and adoption from Variant urban plans.

Strengthening Milan’s railways system - with infrastructural interventions, interchange parking, etc)

stop III Fall of the regional council

2007 Agreement

stop I Prodecure interrupted in foresight of transfers from Variant to PGT

2005 Agreement Outline

2010-2011 Piano Di Governo Del Territorio (PGT)

2011

2012

The new plan does not manage the railway area, postponing an unitary AdP that inseparably associated with urban intervention - in which the enhancement of the railways.

2016 Next Phase The FS group, acknowledging the great value of the AdP for the development of the city, intends to resume the procedure with the Mayor, just after resettle for conducting the AdP with a quick conclusions.

stop IV The City COuncil does not ratify the membership of the Mayor within 30 days

June 2017 Documento di Visione Strategica

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2015

The workshop held earlier in the end of 2016 provided some contribution in the discussion of drafting the Documento di Visione Strategica by Municipality of Milan.

2014-2015 Programm Agreement (Comune, Regione, FS)

Enhancement of disused railway areas through definition, resumption and approval of the Variant published in 12/2009, with reduced building capacity from the current PGT. Strengthening Milan’s railways system through sharedinfrastructural interventions

2017

2018

2019

2016

Dec 2016 “Dagli scali, la nuova citta” workshop Dsicussion between professionals in various subjects (architect, economist, etc) at Farini, as a contribution for defining the Programm Agreement between the Municipality of Milan, Italin State Railways, and Lombardy Region.

April 2017 “5 Scenarios of Milan” The exhibition at the Fuorisalone was presented by 5 teams of architects at Porta Genova, listed as below: Stefano Boeri Architetti Un Fiume Verde per Milano MAD Architects Memoria e Futuro: Milano Rinasce Mecanoo Gli scali ferroviari cme catalizzatori di vita ostenibile Miralles Tagliabue EMBT Miracoli a Milano Cino Zucchi Architetti Sette Bellissimi Broli

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2021

2018-2019 Farini - San Cristoforo Competition International competition for drafting the regeneration Masterplan of the Farini and San Cristoforo airports in Milan, in order to facilitate the comparison between different solutions and improve the quality of the interventions.

2018-2019 Reinventing Cities - GrecoBreda

2020-2021 Reinventing Cities Lambrate the International call launched by Municipality together with C40 which provides for the alienation and establishment of the surface rights of sites to be used for the projects.

2019-2020 ATTRA\VERSO San Cristoforo International competition organized by the Municipality and M4 - designing connection between Lorenteggio and Ronchetto sul Naviglio with the future metro stop “San Cristoforo”.

Lambrate

Milan is divided in several districts with unique charactersitics that differentiate one another. There are 88 districs in the whole Milan in which they recognized as NIL (Nuclei d’ Identità Locale) - as a part of bigger division called Municipio (Figure 2). Lambrate is located in Municipio no. 3, along with CItta Studi and Porta Venezia, labeled as NIL no. 23.

Lambrate area was actually seperated into two NIL

by Via Rombon - no 18. on the north side and no. 23 on the south side. Area of Lambrate has a strong identity because of the existance of its natural elemets - Lambro Park in NIL no. 18 and Lambro river in both side of the area.

The locations of the area in which in the border of the city need to be taken into account as this area will serve as a ‘welcome gate’ before entering the city.

In the inner side, NIL 23 was located side by side Citta Studi Area that was known as the area of Milan Campuses of Politecnico di Milano and Universita degli Studi. Both NIL was separated by strongly visible boundary which is the elevated railways that stands in 8 meter high.

Lambrate district has been recognized with its “worker” identity of Munciaplity of Lambrate way back during the dynasty of industrial car production of Maserati and Innocenti brand. The district was later joined under Municipality of Milan and has been left untouched since the departure of Maserati production activity in the 90s, creating major urban void in the

Lambrate Located in the East of Milan, Lambrate Railway Station was one of the 7 railways that was under regeneration programms.

Formerly recognized as industrrial district, the new developments would triggered a change of the district area identity.

Figure 22 Municipality Divison in Milan Figure 23 ATTRA\VERSO San Cristoforo Competition Winner, Casatibuonsante

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

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Lambrate

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Lambro Park

Metro lines

Agriculture Land

Urban Railways

Citta Studi

Main Road

Corso Buenos Aires

Ring Road

Garibaldi - Isola - Porta Nuov

Highway

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2 km

Figure 24 Lambrate surrounding districts

City Center Railways stops Metro stops

district.

As the value of its strategic location was considered, Lambrate was under the PGT new regulations and development scenarios. The existance of different scale of transportation allowed people to change their favorable transportation options, reducing the needs of using private vehicular transportation inside the urban

area.

One of the major public transportation also connect Milan to another city in Italy through railway system, passing the elevated railway that bordered the district with Citta Studi district next door. This physical barrier seperated this two district that have strong identity on their own, CItta Studi as the educational district and also

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Lambrate

Figure 25 Buildings in Garibaldi Area Figure 26 Milan center with the city’s cathedral (Duomo) Figure 27 Politecnico di Milano main building in Cittta Studi Figure 28 Stores in Corso Buenos Aires

Lambrate with the industrial urban typology.

Despite of being recognized as industrial district, Lambrate has natural value that people fail to put more attention on, with the existance of Parco Lambro and Lambro river, a blue infrastructure that was hardly seen in a city like Milan.

The condition of the district itself didn’t encourage

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

connection between inhabitants and natural element, as it was now mostly occupied by industrial factories. The safety of the street raised a question because the lack of frontage activities. As Jane Jacobs famously wrote in her book “The Death and Life of Great American CIties” about the concept of “eyes on the street”. The thriving urban environment help people feel safe and secure in

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Lambrate

Figure 29 Project Area between the elevated railway Figure 30 Socio-demographic data of Lambrate Figure 31 Socio-demographic data of Lambrate

public space despite situated in the middle of complete strangers. The more people in the street the safer they become, as they provide informal surveillance of the urban environment.

One of the significant urban void in the area, which was the location of the former railway station. It was still in disused, in which according to the municipality, this large empty enclosures was under process of new characterization as part of the urban design trasformation of the district. The Milan Municipality in the Documento di Piano 2030 has put most of Lambrate plots under “regeneration area”. Some of the plots already occupied for both private residential and social housing, with one of them being an experimental cases called Lambratte Co-Housing, to deliver affordable housing for young individuals and families. could became a catalyst of Lambrate district development, to ensure the activity on the street that has been lacking.

The station itself has been moved to the north facing Piazza Bottini, creating connection between two district Citta Sudi (left) and Lambrate (right).

According to the study in the previous chapter, the regeneration of former railway station brought much value as it was found to be located in the prime area of a city. It was a result of well-connected infrastructure system of a city, although in some countries, the system was abandoned entirely as they became unfavorable compare to the other modes of transportation. High Line in New York was built in a completely abandoned elevated railway (not the station) because of declining rail traffic and viaduct demolition due to city development.

For Milan cases, the potential of the railway stations were intrigued by the fully-functioned elevated railways, although the station itself has been reduced in size and moved nearby in the North direction of the site.

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Green Analysis

Green Analysis The strong presences of Lambro Park at the North East direction of the railways could not be ignored, as on the other hand, the agricultural area also took presences in the South side.

Along with the Lambro River, this ecological flow became an important starting point of the project.

Milan has become one of the world’s metropolitan city with worldwide-recognized fame. As the city attracted more and more inhabitants coming from all over the world, the city was packed with the development of housing and offices. Green areas turned into “leftovers” than we need to preserved, as now it was barerly found within inner city and was pushed back in the periphery area.

It was an interesting area for Lambrate station to be located between inner city civilizations and natural elements such as Parco Lambro, Parco Forlanini, and teh river itself. Lambro park, one of the MIlan’s biggest public park, was originally a miniature of Lombard country side imaginary eith rivers, canals, lakes, with farmhouses and cultivated fields. The agricultural part were originally managed by several Cascina, although some of the buildings were preserved and now was used under different functions.

As the river streams flowed in South and North directions between two green areas, there was a gap in between these as the industrial area took places, creating a distruption of the continuity.

Existing Green Space at Urban Level Green in Services Area Agricultural Area Media Valle del Lambro Lambro River Elevated Railways Highway

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Rimembranze di Lambrate

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Giardino Condiviso San Faustino

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Parco della Lambretata ex Parco dell’Acqua

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Piazza Leonard Da Vinci

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Parco Forlanini (Agriculture Area)

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Acquabella

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Parco Lambro

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Piazza Enrico Bottini

Figure 32 Project Area between the elevated railway

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Green Analysis

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

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Green Analysis

Figure 33 Rimembranze di Lambrate

Figure 34 Giardino Condivisio San Faustino

As it was called, the Rimembranze of Lambrate was built around 1920 as Lambrate was not part of Milan yet. It was built to remember and commemorate the local fighters who died at the front during the first world war (1915-1918). The number of the planted trees represented the fallen neighbourhood, which is 114 in number.

The San Faustino garden was introduced by Municipality of Milan in 2012 as a shared garden - in which its management was entrusted to Milanese non-profit organizations. They were able to caryy its own project of an environmental, social or cultural nature. The plot was under loan from Uniersita Statale di Milano for 5 year since 2016.

Figure 35 Arco della Lambretta ex Parco dell’Acqua

Figure 36 Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci

The park, located in the east of Milan, was once part of Innocenti-Maserati production complex - an industrial complex that was decommissioned in 1993. A green boulevard, together with playground for children, goes along to via Pitteri, creates connection with the residences. Large square with artistic fountain designed by Arch. Luigi Caccia Dominioni gave richness to the landscape of the park.

Located in the heart of the Citta Studi, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci was famously known among students of Politecnico di Milano as it was situated in front of Leonardo Campus Main Building. After the first part was sucessfully redeveloped at the end of 2015, the second part of the Piazza was inangurated in 2019 with children playgrounds and reconstruction of historical fountain designed

by Andrea Cascella.

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Green Analysis

Figure 37 Parco Forlanini (Agriculture Area)

Figure 38 Parco Lambro

The Forlanini area located in the periphery of Milan and remained one of the important area for the city with facilities such as Linate airport, the gasometers, small lakes, farmhouses (some are abandoned), Tangenziale Est Milan (Highway), and recent development of Milan underground line M4. Between 2013 and 2015,

Parco Lambro is one of the biggest park in Milan located in northeast of the city, under the Municipality 3. As it was located in the periphery in Milan, it bordered with territory of Segrate. The main feature of this park would be the trace of Lambro river that goes along in the nort-south direction.

Figure 39 Acquabella - Piazzale Suza

Figure 40 Piazza Enrico Bottini

This large size greenry was located in Zone 4 of Milanese capital, with the boulevard and M4 establishment underneath to ensure the connection to wider Milan area.w

The Piazza was one of the important transportation hub for both Citta Studi and Lambrate with the entrances of the Metro Stop M1 Lambrate, railway, tram and bus connections.

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

35

Green Analysis

2

Section A 1

Section B 3

4

5

Existing Linear Green Connection Planned Green Connection (PGT) Green Infrastructure Main Axis

Figure 41 Street with greenery planted on the side

36

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Green Analysis

1

2

Residential

3,5

6,5

10

6,5

Offices

3,5

3

2

10

5

Residential

Esselunga

5

4

Figure 42 Section A - Via Edardo Bassini Figure 43 Section B - Via Riccardo Pitteri Figure 44 Via Ricardo Pitteri (In front of Martinitt Campus) Figure 45 Via Edoardo Bassini Figure 46 Via Giovanni Pocini Figure 47 Via Riccardo Pitteri Figure 48 Via Leonardo Bistofi

Green elements are recognized not only in the form of urban parks, piazza, or agricultural land, but also the plantation that defines the structure of Milan’s street. Although it’s not as enormous as Haussmann boulevard’s in Paris, this method has been applied in most cities to bring as much green as possible close to the inhabitants.

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

However, the diagram showed how these two districts in Milan had different perspective on how they treated the streets. The street development inner part of teh railways provided green connection in the street level, and these connection seemed to be missing o the periphery area beyond the railway structure.

37

Mobility Analysis

Mobility Analysis Well-connected public transportation was one of the core for sustainable living. Public transportation facilities were later supported with pedestrian and bike lane connection in the level of neighborhood.

Highway

The mobility study of Lambrate area showed the great potential of the former Lambrate station site. The site was connected with major transportation mode that connect the city itself with wider part of Italy through both railways and highways, respectively in terms of public and private vehicular transportation mode. For the inner city iitself, Lambrate was part of the M2 Metro line - Milan underground system, with both tram and bus served as short range, slower mobility options.

In additional, M4 Metro line was under construction right in the south of the site, which later could be an important line that connected Milan Southern area and Liante airport.

The street itself was defined in different hierarchy based on its structure - on how it was defined in several lanes. In this particular district, The occupancy of tram line delivered opportunity of urban greeneries, while some other street was restricted for vehicular access, providing comfort for pedestrian and cyclist.

Nowadays, cyclist became priorty as Municipality tried to expand bike lane infrastructures across the city, with the enwest development along Buenos Aries, in which connected to Lambrate area via Piazza Loreto Via Noicola Antonio Porpora - Via Rombon.

Highway Exits Two-way Road One-way Road Restricted Street Planned Road Residential Project under Development Historical Path Railway Connection Lambrate Train Station Metro M2 Metro M2 Metro M4 Metro M4 Train Line Milan Circular Bus 90/91 Bus Line Figure 51 Private & Public Mobility Diagram

Figure 49 Via Edoardo Bassini

Figure 50 Via Pedonale Maria Grazia Cutuli

38

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Mobility Analysis

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

39

Mobility Analysis

1

2

Railway Connection Lambrate Train Station Metro M2

Metro M4

Metro M2

Metro M4

Train Line Milan Circular Bus 90/91 Bus Line

Figure 52 Public Transportation Map

40

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Mobility Analysis

1

Figure 53 Lambrate Station

2

Figure 54 Rimembranze di Lambrate - Tram Round About

Lambrate station could be named as the major transportation node in the area with railway, underground, tram, bus line all together. Although, msot of the transportation stops are located in the favor of Citta Studi - the west area of elevated railways. The train station itself served as tunnel that connect two district Citta Studi and Lambrate - located in the east and west of elevated railways. Private vehiclaes also got some

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

privellege with parking area in front of the station, while bike line also available - heading to the south direction.

In the Southern part, Rimembranze di Lambrate was a round-about for the only tram line in Lambrate area.

Therefore, these fact could be helpful for understanding how the pedestrian move, as these two major transportation node helps bring people in and out of the district.

41

Mobility Analysis

Figure 55 Elevated Railway between Lambrate and Citta Studi area

Elevated railways was one of the mobility infrastructures that undeniably affected district urban condition. Stood in almost perfect circle the city of Milan, the elevated railways brought trains from/to other Italian cities or even European continents.

The Railway tracks built varied in heights which in this particular site, the elevated railways stood 8 meters high in the middle of the urban area with some opening - tunnels - as connection. However, as it goes to the south, the middle track sloped down reaching 2 meters above the street.

Railway became a linear elements that define the boundary between two districts - Citta Studi and Lambrate - in the shape of strong edges with visual prominent and continuos form with capability of preventing cross movement (Lynch, 1960). The connection was built through tunnels, while the wall has given visual barrier.

42

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Mobility Analysis

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

43

Mobility Analysis

Highway Highway Exits Two-way Road One-way Road Restricted Street Planned Road Residential Project under Development Historical Path Primary Road Main Road Superstradale Figure 56 Private Transportation Map

44

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Mobility Analysis

Figure 57 Via Carlo Pascal (Politecnico di Milano Parking Area) Figure 58 Cohabitat Lambrate - Progetto Via Crespi Residential Projects Figure 59 Via Pedonale Maria Grazia Cutuli Figure 60 Via Conte Rosso - Historical Path

Located in the periphery of Milan, Lambrate highwasy contributed in bringing people over to the city through the main road (super stradale) - Via Rombon.

Through further studies of Lambrate streets, some of them showed unique structure that could contribute some value to the district. The historical path that lead to the district ancient church was distinguished with well-designed pavement. Some other was an exclusive

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

pedestrian walkway that ensure the comfort and safety apart from the vehicular transportation.

Private settlements also provided accessibilty in the district, as example Politecnico di Milano parking lots and in between Via Crespi residential project in fornt of Rubattino residential project.

45

Function Analysis

Function Analysis Dominant presence of educational facilities - with Italy’s biggest universities Politecnico di Milano and Universita degli Studi appeared int the West side of the railways, meanwhile Lambratee industrial district was planned for transformation.

Both Lambrate and CItta Studi show a different functional settlement within the respective district which later constructed their identity as a distrct. Citta Studi - which lateral translation is “studies city” housed institutional buildings such as Politecnico di Milano Leonardo Campus and Universita Degli Studi.

On the other hand, Lambrate was once famous as industrial district - include famously known brands such as Maserati and Innocenti plants. Nowadays, some of the industrial plants has been destroyed and replaced by multi-stories affordable soical housing complex, in which some of them are marketed for students and young adult.

Both districts also portrayed strong physical differences. The Industrials settlement formed noidentical urban structure with bigger size of blocks.

As the new housing are recently developed, it was mismatched with buildings in Citta Studi that has been built for decades.

Railway Station

Green Spaces

Educational Sport facilities Residential Media Valle del Lambro Lambro River Elevated Railways Highway

Figure 63 District Main Attraction Map

Figure 61 Politecnico di Milano Leonardo Campus

Figure 62 Ventura Lambrate Exhibition Centre

46

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Function Analysis

Quartiere Feltre

Mercato Comunale

Lambrate Station

Primary School

Ventura Lambrate

Industrial area

Ex-Industrial Maserati & Innocenti

Lidl

Crespi Sport Village P.A. ex Denora

Progetto Via Crespi, Pitteri, Tanzi

Media World

Esselunga

Politecnico di Milano and Universita deglli studi

Caserma Rubattino Campus Matinitt

Aquabella

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

47

Function Analysis

Railway Station

Media Valle del Lambro

Educational

Lambro River

Sport facilities

Elevated Railways

Highway

Residential

Figure 64 Function Map of Buildings Figure 65 Residential Projects - P.A Ex Denora Figure 66 Residential Project Progetto Via Crespi, Pitteri, Tanzi

48

Figure 67 Crespi Sports Village

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Function Analysis

Figure 68 Rubattino Residential Project Figure 69 Rubattino Residential Project in Municipality Plan Figure 70 The “Crystal Palace” Maserati and Innocenti ex Plant

Back in 1997, Municipality of Milan, Lombardy Region, and Ministry of Public Works signed an agreement realting to the Urban Redevelopment Programm for area along side Rubattino-Pitteri-Crespi streets. One of the main objective was the redevelopment of former “Innocenti-Maserati” industrial complex to construction of the new district - in which mainy established for residential and another functions compatible with. The new development will be integrated with the green and public space system, accompanied by quotas designated for productive activities to fill the vocation of industrial sector in the area In March 2008, the first phase implementation was completed the residential district on the west side of the plot - one of Lambrate identifiable residential district.

However, in 2011, new amandement was signed under Municipality of Milan, Lombardy Region, and Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport, witht hte addition of Rubattino’ 87 and Camozzia Group. The latter was based on the ownership of the industrial complex INNSE, with a commitment to relaunch the production acctivity and architectural-functional requalification of the industrial shed and the connected office building.

The Ammandemen provies the inclusion of production, teritiary, and commercial quotas for the construction of residential area in th eastern area of the PRU, along with the development of elementry and middle school centre. It also comfirmed the great urban function plan so-called “Crystal Pallace” - the former industrial factory of Innocenti built with iron and glass structure” and the creation of 200,000 sqm greenery for the completion of the Great Urban Park. The “Crystal Palace” will be recovered and established under strategic function with general and collctve interest.

On the 2019, The new PGT was adopted for PRU Rubattino.

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

49

Function Analysis

Figure 71 Folli 50 Art Space Figure 72 Ventura Lambrate during Milan Design Week Figure 73 Art&Bike on Publication

Mostrami Factory@Folli 5.0. is the projectc by Fondazione Bracco in the historical headquarters of the Braco group - an international company which actively works in the healthcare sectors. The company was founded in 1927 in the very same location, before moving expanded productions in another Italy region. Now the space, branded as Folli 50.0, provides spaces for art exhibitions and workshops, along with evenings music, cinema, and also theatrical show.

Art&Bike is a new meeting space promoted by Municipalit through Lambrate Design District. It consist of bike workshop and bar, with occasional gastronomic and wine tasting experience, or even painting workshop so thst visitor able to have a drink and engage in community. It provides space for temporary exhibition that also take part in Milan Design Week.

Space Lambrate is another multi-purpose spaces that was rented for art exhibitions, danace, painting, sculpture, photography, temporary events, workshops, photo shoots, presentations, shows, exhibitions, and concerts (Spazio Lambrate, 2020) Mohole Art School.

Redroom - Design Retail - Visitor will be able to find handcrafted, artistic handmade products, while during designn week, several workshop was held such as live paintings, and scented candle.

50

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Function Analysis

General Analysis : Conclusion

The Fragments of Milan green buffers located in the periphery of Milan was part in the Lambrate district - from the enormous Lambro Park, the Lambro river itself, and Parco Forlanini in the South, adjacent to Parco Agricolo Sud (South Agriculture Park). Together with the highway, the series of city forests, green lawns, and agricultural land border the city in circular manner.

The Green spaces headed to the inner side of the city, passing through Lambrate district as seen in Rubattino residental establishment, followed by the housing project both in Via Crespi, Pitteri, and Tanzi (Cohabitat Lambrate) and in the site of Ex De Nora.

The flow ended in the project site - which is the disused railway yard with functioning railway yard raised 8 meters above the ground. The elevated railway brought travellers to/from Lambrate station - offering intermodal possibilities to the wider area of Milan with underground metro, tram, and bus connection.

Beyond the brownfield and the elevated railways, a stripe of green collaborate with service facilities such as sport fields and libraries built along the elevated railway in Citta Studi side. The city continues lined trees along the street between the blocks of institutional buildings a manner that was not found in Lambrate.

Although Lambrate portrays strong green axis in the middle of their residential development, the former industrial need to work as a whole - as a space between the green and city cente (or even wider city area through railway connection). Green connection failed to appear between the blocks in Lambrate area and the industrial blocks didn’t contribute much acitivites at the street.

The further development of industrial and design district in Lambrate could be seen as an effort to connect wider audience with nature, by providing district that encourage forntage activities and soft mobility movement.

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

51

Function Analysis

Green System Existing

Existing Green Space at Urban Level Green in Services Area Agricultural Area

PGT 2030 Foresight of new urban green space (indirect appliances)

Mobility System Existing

Highway

|

Exits

Main Road

Metro M2 |

Exits

Primary Street in the District with the interchange nodes

Metro M5 |

Exits

Railways

Exits

|

Tram Line

90 - 91 Bus Line

Attractions

Riverbank Area under Development Phases in near future

Politecnico di Milano - Universita Degli Studi

Rubattino - Ex Maserati Innocenti Plant under Urban Development Ventura Lambrate - Lambrate Design District

Abandoned Railway Yard - Project Area

Sports Centre.

Figure 74 Analysis Conclusion Diagram

Commercials

52

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Function Analysis

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

53

Urban Strategies

Urban Strategies The Concept of Connection : Filling the “gap” between Milan Green Ring and Urban Transportation Systems

Figure 75 Concept Diagram

Green spaces in Lambrate periphery was a great value to the city to redefine the relations between the living, the non-living (ther natural elements such as soil, water, air), and the built (building, roads, infrastructures) to encourage sustainability between nature and gray infrastructure (Brady, Brake, and Starks, 2001; Schäffler & Swilling, 2013). Therefore the connection between these green spaces into the inner city was important enough to be developed.

The multifunctional network of environmental assets - whteher it’s street trees, green roofs, gardens, pedestrian and cycle routes, agricultural land, city park, sport pitches refers to a term named Green Infrastructures (Natural England, 2009; Landscape Institute, 2009). The project idea was to link the Milan green buffer in the periphery to the metopolitan in the centre by developing a network of green.

Despite of having plenty of natural element, Lambrate district that barely came out as industrial district need to be developed further to generate the continuous network within the urban blocks.

As according to the analysis, the district itself was under developed, packed with industrial settlement without enough frontage activity on the street. As residential houses begun take a place in the district, the quality of the neighbourhood should be raised by reevaluating the street itself. In The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacob wrote that for a street to be a safe place, “there must be eyes upon the street, eyes belonging to those we might call the natural proprietors of the street.”(Jacobs, 1961) The new Urban strategic will emphasize on forming Green Infrastructure (GI) network within old and new settlement that encourage soft mobility movement for

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

sustainable livin. WIth the idea of district identity as a design district, the under used industrial buildings could be transform as a new urban attraction that bring life and value to the district for the young adults city dwellers.

55

Parco Lambro

Mercato Communale

Lambrate Station School

Rimembranze di Lambrate

Lidl Supermercato

Library

Park

Politecnico

Politecnico di Milano and Universita deglli studi

Media World

Sports Center

Progetto Via Crespi, Pitteri, Tanzi

P.A. ex Denora Sports Center

Progetto Via Crespi, Pitteri, Tanzi

Parco Agricolo Figure 76 Coneceptual Map

57

Urban Strategies

These refenrences exhibit some possibilities on developing connection between urban barrier - in this case, infrastructural element, such as railways, highway, etc

Figure 77 PATH Toronto Pedestrian bridge by Jennis Marman and Daniel Boris in collaboration with James Khamsi Figure 78 Plan of Pedestrian Bride

PATH / Toronto, Canada Path is a pedestrian network that connects more than 70 buildings - mostly office towers in Downtown Toronto. Underground pedestrian tunnels, elevated walkways, and shopping areas form 30 kilometers routes to form slow mobility connection in the city. The underground tunnel was famously known as the historic percusor of PATH - built in 1900, in which later followed by the development of underground mall in 1960s,

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

to overcome the overcrowded Toronto sidewalks and the disappearance of the small business of the street.

The system expanded through decades, as it continues connecting buildings in downtown Toronto, the underground systems are mixed with skywalks above the elevated railways (as in the picture). The settlement along the elevated railways of Toronto is quite dense in downtown Toronto, blurring the boundaries.

57

Urban Strategies

Figure 79 Lutchsingel Pedestrian Bridge across the railway track Figure 80 Through the building Figure 81 Lutchsingel Pedestrian Bridge connected different kind of functions

Luchtsingel Pedestrian Bridge / Rotterdam, Netherlands Dubbed as “world’s first crowfunded public infrastructure”, Rotterdam-based architects ZUS designed pedestrian bridge which connected three districts in the heart of Rotterdam. The bridge connected with office buildings (as the roof was Europe’s first urban farming roof), Pompenburg Park with vegtable garden and

playground located side by side, and also Delftsehof, in which one of Rotterdam’s most vibrant nightlife area. The bridge increased the accesibility for pedestrians, allowing synergy between various sites as mentioned in Archdaily.

58

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Urban Strategies

Figure 82 The Ramp Figure 83 The “Forest-like” Structure Figure 84 Green Space around at the foot of the bridge Figure 85 Ribobn-like pedestrian bridge

Hanging Garden - Milwaukee’s Lake Park / Milwaukee, USA On 2015, AECOM came up with the design of the new lakefront plaza for downtown Milwaukee.

The design was emphasized on pedestrian bridge with circular ramp in which the team called “The Hanging Gardens”. Gonzalo Cruz, design director of AECOM’s New York City landscape architecture studio said, “It;s not a structure, it’s this ribbon floating on the air,”. The team tried to make the

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

bridge dissapear, by randomly scattered the supportive piers like a grove trees. Bellow the bridge, it coated with mirror-clading - named as “Reflecting Forest”, as the spaces bellow used as plaza and meetibg point.

59

Urban Strategies

General Planning Goals

designers to create a “stage” for art adn design events.

Identity of the district & Historical Value The Industrial plant of Innocenti and Maseratti Plan in Lambrate left an historical gem - in which famously

In the new urban strategic, the connection was started not only in physical manner, but also the balance between in the neighborhood quality between two district separated by the elevated railway. Based on the key aspects that has been extracted from Urban Design Compedium (2000), the urban strategic in Lambrate will focus on intriguing the Lambrate district itself.

Palaces for People - “Eyes on the street” Lambrate doesn’t lack neither green nor open spaces with the presence of Parco Lambro and Rubattino development, or even the Giardino Condivisio San Faustino in the south. Although in some ways, Parco Lambro is located way too far at the north beyond the 250 - 400 m limit that was suggested by the Compedium. Variation between the green and other kind of open space could be entwined in the form of sequences, collaborating the existing sport facilities and

Figure 86 ROUNDS by SPORT

re-used “leftover” building.

However, the place for meeting people is not only limited in the parks, but on how the street itself could bring life within the neighborhood in the sense could raise the safety level toegether as community. named as “Crystal Palace”. Adaptive reused of the space has been planned to conclude it under the Milan green rings development. On the other hand, Lambrate itself has been rebranded as Lambrate Design District during the Milan Design week in the last few years - spreading all over the district. Combining both design and green settlement was a success for both Serpentine Pavillion in London and MPavillion - inviting famous architects and designers.

Identity of the district & Historical Value The Industrial plant of Innocenti and Maseratti Plan in Lambrate left an historical gem - in which famously named as “Crystal Palace”. Adaptive reused of the space has been planned to conclude it under the Milan green rings development. On the other hand, Lambrate itself has been rebranded as Lambrate Design District during the Milan Design week in the last few years - spreading all over the district. Combining both design and green settlement was a success for both Serpentine Pavillion in London and MPavillion - inviting famous architects and

Elevated Railways as a Urban Barrier

60

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Urban Strategies

As the distance between two tunnels are more than 1,5 km, there was an urge to develop a connection in between the project area for a direct connection.

However, as the analysis showed the sloping railways on the south part, the possibility to make the viaduct become

in PGT, the revitalization of nature establishment along the river could be implemented to extend the green corridors in the North.

Big parks like Lambro Park (Parco Lambro) and its river were essential for sustainable city living, therefore it was important to observe the interrelations betwwen green spaces and urban population. Green connection was a way to connect this buffer in periphery to inner city by creating sequences of fragmented green within the neighborhood - whether a lined tress along the road or even small parks. As the railway yard located in between inner city establishment and urban greenery in the periphery, it has a full possibility of portraying the

Figure 87 Parklets in Houston

connection between inhabitants and nature in the site.

For the new strategies of railway yard, the land is preserved as much as possible to bring more “nature” inside the city. Green could formed a buffer to reduce the negative effect of elevated railways existance within the site. Urban cultivation could be developed along sdie the railway structure to utilise the space between new development and existing infrastructure. Urban cultivation will later be managed by inhabitants that further supports the future sustainable lifestyle.

Figure 88 Carriageworks in New South Wales Figure 89 Urban Agricultural in Cuba

questionable without undergorund construction. The bridge delivered opennes that the tunnel didn’t have - and with ramp installed, the cyclists are also able to enjoy the facility given.

Mix Uses and Forms : Center for the Young According to the sociographic data of Lambrate, the majority of people living in the district are between young-adult/adult. While the Citta Studi area contributes large number of both national and international students, the Lambrate districts itself filled with industry factories and offices - as in fufrther explanation, contributes number of adult workers. The Mixed-use development could balance the work/studylife by providing entertainment and recreational place

Work with Given Enviornment - Green Infrastructures.

Lambro River was one of the rare natural attraction for the city like a Milan - a city wihthout muchc river available. The river went in vertical direction passing through Lambro Park in the North, while Industrial buildings occupied the riverfront in Lambrate district.

As the Industrial area wa going under new regulation

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

61

Urban Strategies

after day activities, combining commercial and open spaces for people to relax and socialize, while come up with afffordable housing options.

The Mixed-use development allows wider range activity in extended time, ensuring the liveliness of the former industrial district Manage the Investment Collaboration between public-private has been happening in the district even far on the process of changing ideas through workshops and exhibitions. For further investment, the loan system could be done in two ways, from public to private or vice versa depending whose the owner of respective lands. One of the example is Giardino Condiviso San Faustino in the south was loaned by Universita Degli Studi to the Municipality, which later managed by non-profit organization for further development. Another possibilities is to create collaboration to private renting services such as DoveVivo for Student and Social housing development.

Design for Change : Sustainable Living Lambrate became the “gate” of the city located in the periphery, welcoming comers through the exit of the highway that connects Italian, or even European cities.

The new urban strategies could prevent these comers to drive further to the city, contributing more carbon dioxide int he urban area. Through the infrastructure analysis, it has proven Lambrate value as transportation hub. With strategic location in the periphery of Milan city centre, the Lambrate station connects city dweller to another part of the city by railway, bus and underground connection, or even more sustainable options - bicycle withthe expansion of bicycle lane. The New Development could provide underground parking spaces to reduce the volume of cars on the street - also to prevent cars occupying pedesatrian sidewalks for parking purposes.

62

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Places for People

Enrich the Existing

Make Connections

Work with the Landscape

Mix Uses and Forms

safe, comfortable, varied, and attractive.

enrich the qualities of existing urban places.

physically and visually with the surroundings.

the natural and man made environment

widest possible range of users, amenities ad social groups.

meeting people, playing in the street.

the region, the city, the town, the neighbourhood, and the street

foot, bicycle, public transport and the car.

utilise each site’s intrinsic resources to maximise energy conservation and amenity.

different building forms, uses, tenures, and densities

distinctive, and offer variety, choice and fun.

Identity of the district.

“Eyes on the Street”

Historical value.

Jane Jacobs

Elevated railways as a urban barrier.

Mixed-used development.

developers, ensuring long term commitment from the community and the local authority

Design for Change

future changes in use, lifestyle and demography.

felxibility in the use of property, public spaces and the service infrastructure

Community Involvement.

introducing new approaches to transportation, traffic management and parking.

anergy and resource efficiency

Green Infrasturctures.

Students & Young Adult - oriented activity.

Bicycle lane.

Manage The Investment

Workshops and Exhibitions.

Transportation Hub. Re-used.

Frontage activities.

Sports, Art Foundation and Gallery

Fromer Industrial district.

Expansion of existing bicycle lne.

Riverfront establishment.

Entertainment and Recreational spaces.

Loan space for NonProfit organization.

Private - Public transportation hub.

Lambrate Design Week - Design district.

Connection between East and West.

Green Connetion.

Student - Social housing, Private housing with commercial on the ground floor.

Discussion between experts for enhancing the quality of spaces

Re-used of former industrial area.

Urban Cultivation.

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

63

Places for People

Enrich the Existing

Make Connections

Work with the Landscape

Mix Uses and Forms

Design for Changes

Lambrate station with Railways and underground connection, also with bus and ttram services.

Existing bicycle lane in the Lambrate district.

Frontage situation at\ Via Gaetano Crespi

Existing sport facilities Crespi Sport Village

Trees along the street to highlight green connection between spaces.

Several student housing were found in the Lambrate area.

Urban cultivationas an extention from existing agricultural park.

La Luna Lambrate - Art galleries, commercial spaces, bar and restaurant.

Elevated railway between Lambrate and Citta Studi area.

Lambrate Industrial District - Ex Maserati Innocenti

Fondazione Bracco - Bracco Folli 50.0, exhibition space ex Bracco factory building .

industrial warehouses dominated riverfront area.

1

6

3

Entwining the new infrastructure with existing sport facilites.

Pedestrian and Cyclist bridge over the railways to enhance connection between Citta Studi and Lambrate.

4 Introducing new approaches to transportation, traffic management and parking.

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

64

7

Student recreational and living centre.

2 5 The green plot in the site are could be designated for urban cultivation area that manage by the community.

Introducing new functions in the factory area around the riverfront, additional to Maserati and Innocenti ex-factory without demolishing the former structure of industrial factory.

transportation hub that allow people change transportation method from private to public.

Intervention Strategic Green System Existing

Existing Green Space at Urban Level

Green Buffer along the Railway

Green in Services Area Agricultural Area

PGT 2030 Foresight of new urban green space (indirect appliances)

Mobility System Existing

Highway

|

Exits

Metro M2 |

Exits

Railways

Exits

|

Main Mobility Access

Tram Round About

Soft Mobility Path

Planned Soft Mobility Path

Attractions

Politecnico di Milano - Universita Degli Studi

Ventura Lambrate - Lambrate Design District Ventura Lambrate - Venue

Riverbank Area under Development Phases in near future

Rubattino - Ex Maserati Innocenti Plant under Urban Development Rubattino - Ex Maserati Innocenti Plant - Building (“The Crystal Palace”) for Reused

Design Center Sports Centre.

Design Center in the Project Area

Commercials Project : Commercial Area Residentials Student Housing

Project : Residential Project : Student Housing

Industries

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

65

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

66

Intervention Strategic Green System Existing Green Space

Project : Green Spaces

The “Crystal Palace”

Existing Linear Green Connection

Project : Linear Green along the street Lined trees along the street in various dimensions, depending on the width of existing road structure.

Project : Lined trees Separation distance and land buffer fileld with landscaped green spaces and some of agricultural plot to create some distance from a noise source - railways - therefore the negative impacts towards inhabitants could dbe reduced.

Adjacent with the elevated railway,, treees and shribs planted to prevent visual and noise disturbance. Planting evergreen trees could ensure yearround noise screening. (GSA, 2012)

Project : Riverfront Establishment

Redeveloping industrial establishment by the river to allow continuity of natural elements along the river from the north to south.

Mobility Main Road to the Project Area

Project : Vehicular road

Existing Bicycle Lane

Project : Bicycle lane

Existing Pathways - Soft Mobility only

Project : Pathways - Soft Mobility only

Tram Line

An agreement is proposed with the private sectors to generate semi private connection within private residential block, enhancing the flow within the existing green network.

67

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Intervention Strategic Mobility Project: Pedestria-Cyclist Bridge The overbridge should be accessible for cyclist and people with disability by proviing ramps/elevators. The bridge also should directly connected to the new mixed-use development. The bridge will be occupied by small greenery to emphasize the green network within two districts.

Functions Expansion of Lambrate Railway Station

Railway Station

Establishment of the Lambrate Station in the side of Lambrate district to ensure the same frontage quality with Citta Studi side, by collaborating with existing services such as school and public historical market - Mercato Comunale, to create a supportive function for Transportation Hub (rest area, etc.)

Schools

Hospitals

Sport Facilities

Project :Commercials

Commercials

The Combination between student housing and commercials centre able to create a recreational centre for students and young adult along with green and open spaces.

Commercials Frontage The Functions within these buildings should contributes frontage activities to ensure the liveliness of the neighborhood street.

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Project ; Student Housing

Student Housing

The Combination between student housing and commercials centre able to create a recreational centre for students and young adult along with green and open spaces.

Project : Residentials

Residentials

The Private housing located one block away from the commercial centre provides the privacy and exclusivity compare to the student housing located in front.

The Engagement with eexisting adjacent residential block should be encouraged with the common public-green spaces in the middle.

Permanent Design District

Collaborating with permanent exibition space to preserve the identity of Lambrate Design Disrict for a year-long activity.

Project : Design exhibition in reused building Prevent demolition of the old industrial plants and warehouses through the application of adaptive reuse development for exhibition purposes

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Improvement of Soft Mobility Connection : The Street

In this Project, the streets are defined into different structures depends on how it was situated within the urban area. The Path within residential project are found to be restricted for pedestrian and bicycle access, while other street are further planned with spesific bike lanes and lined trees/bushes depends on the width allowed.

Viale Pedonale Maria Grazia Cutuli

Via Privata Gaetano Sbodio

Pedestrian

Two-Way with Separated Bike Lanes

Via Console Flaminio - Via Dei Canzi

Pedestrian and Bike in the same lane for wider green lane

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Street with Parking

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Project of Connections

Politecnico Parking Area

Pedestrian Bridge

al rpos nt po eme rian e r g A t edes the for P within ss ed acce ely own ict t tr priva ntial dis e resid

e hasiz Emp is from i x the a branze d m Rime ate r Lamb

Green Connection in Limited Space

Existing

Project

Pedestrian pathways within the new urban development

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Pedestrian only

Street with wider pedestrian and lined trees

Street with Seperated Bike Lane and Lined Trees Vehicular Street with Pedestrian

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

72 Via Console Flaminio - Via Dei Canzi

Emphasize the axis of Rimembranze di Lambrate by constructing a boulevard

Via Cone Rosso

Applying greenry in a narrow street by relocating parking to new development transportation hub

Project of Connections

Possibility on relocating parking area to provide public park - pedestrian limited access on the bridge axis.

Politecnico Parking Area

p

q

o

r

e

g

4 a

d

a b

m k

h

c

b

n

i

f j

Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci

f

Campo Sportivo Mario Giuriati

k

Residential Projects - P.A Ex Denora

p

Lambrate Design DIstrict

Piazza Leonard Da Vinci

g

Secondary School

l

Residential Project - Progetto Via Crespi, Pitteri, Tanzi

q

Historical Street with Commercial Frontage

r

Nodes of Commercial

c

Politecnico di Milano

h

Offices

m

Commercials (Esselunga - Media World)

d

Policlinic - Institute Neurologico

i

Biblioteca & Sport Centre

n

Residential Area - Rubaattino

e

Politecnico di Milano

j

Crespi Sport Village

o

New Riverfront Development

Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

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l

Bicycle Ramp Green Buffer

Bicycle Ramp

Plaza

Green Roof

Commercial Space Underground Parking

Via Carlo Pascal Elevated Railway

Via Carlo Pascal - with bike lanes and lined trees

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Citta Studi Project Area

Lambrate Project Area

Project Area : Citta Studi - Collaborating ramp with functioning building that provides activity in the ground floor through commercial spaces, which could be related by the fact it is located between library and sport facilities.

Preventing the disruption of green networks by the building itself, the green roof was installed on top of commercial stores.

Project Area : Lambrate - The Green Buffer was placed along the elevated railway to reduce the negative effect of trains passing towards the new development of public plaza.

The former railway yard is planned with underground parking space for intermodal solution, in which one of the example allow city dwellers to park their cars and travel in bicycle.

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

The Bridge

The New Project area in Citta Studi are located within the range of institutional settlements in which belong to Young Adult/Adult . Aside for educational buildings, the new site located adjacent to sport facilities and library, The Ramp is needed to access the overhead bridge across the railways. The Ramp structure could be

combined with functional spaces such as commercial or recreational spaces for the students to take a break between their schedule.

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Between Old and New The New Urban strategic helps strengthen existing green spaces by forming a network of both new and old spaces in the urban area. One of the disused building located in the former railway yard will be reused as exhibition spaces that promote the district identity as design district.

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

The Community

The residential building are settled in the south part of the railway yard, making their space between the green. Inhabitants could formed a local community that cultivated some of the green plot available to introduce sustainable living in urban society.

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Riverfornt Development : The Expansion of Design district Lambro River value should have not have been underestimated as one of he important natural element of the district.. The Redevelopment of waterfront area would contributes more land to the nature by tracing left over space and building that could be transformed in-between active industrial settlement. The Abandoned

industrial building is preserved and given a new function as art galleries and creative workshops for the expansion of the existing design district. Together with the landscape and waterfront, it could form a new design destinations, as example creating a pavillion within the landscape like Serpentine or Melbourne Parks.

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Green Connection for Urban Development in Lambrate Former Railway Yard

Green Connection : The Street

The Reconstuction project might be a crucial part of this project as a thread that connects urban pole and establishing the whole green network. One of the xample of the green connection establishment was a sections of street owned by Politecnico that was already limited in vehicular use - only for paarking purposes. However,

with all the facilities that the street could over such as oarks, sport facilities nearby, and a great acis towards the new proect area - the street could contributes more as a soft mobility designted facilities instead of being just a parking lot.

Image Sources

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Figure 22 Novitasari Leonard Tanaya, 2020.

Figure 23 Novitasari Leonard Tanaya, 2020.

Figure 24 Novitasari Leonard Tanaya, 2020.

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Figure 30 Novitasari Leonard Tanaya, 2020.

Figure 31 Novitasari Leonard Tanaya, 2020.

Figure 32 Novitasari Leonard Tanaya, 2020.

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Figure 42 Novitasari Leonard Tanaya, 2020.

Figure 43 Novitasari Leonard Tanaya, 2020.

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Figure 45 Google Maps. 2020.

Figure 46 Google Maps. 2020.

Figure 47 Google Maps. 2020.

Figure 48 Google Maps. 2020.

Figure 49 Google Maps. 2020.

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Figure 52 Novitasari Leonard Tanaya, 2020.

Figure 53 Google Maps. 2020.

Figure 54 Google Maps. 2020.

Figure 55 Google Maps. 2020.

Figure 56 Novitasari Leonard Tanaya, 2020.

Figure 57 Google Maps. 2020.

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