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Sometimespruningisnecessarytoremovedeadordyingbranchesorthoseaffectedbyinsectdamageordisease(Thecollarisaslightbulgeatthebaseofa Moresimplyput,pruningistheadjustment(shortening)oreliminatingofabranch.Whenpruningatreeorshrubforthefirsttime,followthesesimplesteps. prune%Forfloweringshrubs,pruneatatimetominimizedisruptionofbloomingdFORESTNOTESSpring,FigureImproperlyprunedbranchescoveredwith wounddressingHabitsoffloweringtreesandshrubscHabitsofbroadleafandnarrow-leafevergreensTheplacement(proximitytobranchcollar),angle(which determinesboththesizeandshapeofthewound),andproficiency(smooth,cleanwound)ofthethirdandfinalcutwilldeterminehowquicklyandwelltheplant closesthewoundAuthorLindseyPurcell,ForestryandNaturalResourcesleaves)atanyonetimeDescribehowtosubordinatepruneamedium-agedtreewith thefollowingsituations:aProducingstrongstructureshouldbetheemphasiswhenpruningyoungtreesThisisthemostimportantcutbIfpossible,avoidpruning duringthetimeleavesareexpanding.Codominanttrunks.Roundedoff.Whentoprune?Cutsshouldbemadejustoutsidetheswollenbranchcollar,whichis wherewoundhealingbeginsThebesttimetoprunemosttreesisattheendoftliedormantperiod.Next,removecrossoverbranchesorbranchesthatrubtogether. ThishelpsdefendagainstthespreadofthepestandpreventfurtherdamageImproperpruningistheFormoreonpruningandtheconsequencesofimproper pruning,contacttheauthorDonotremovemorethanpercentofthetree’slivebranches(andthereforeFirst,removeallbroken,deadanddiseasedlimbsWhen cuttingaProperpruningtechniquesThepurposeofpruningistoregulatesizeandformandtodirectgrowthforthepurposeofPruningToolsAfteryears, frequencyofpruningdependsonthetypeoftreeandamountofshadethecanopyreceivesTreescontinuetosurvivedespitethemanyTreePruningGuideSome Beginningyearsafterplanting,prunelightlyeveryyearoreveryotheryearThisguideisacombinationofworkby:theCaliforniaDepartmentofForestryandFire Protection,theNationalArborDayAssociation,andtheUniversityofFNRTreePruningEssentials.PruningApproaches.FigureCrownraising branchestobe removedareshadedinblue;pruningcutsshouldbemadewhereindicatedwithredlinesretain%crownToomanyupright-growingbranchesDescribekey elementsinwritingspecificationsforstructuralpruningofmedium-agedtreesDefinePruningTrees&ShrubsGeneralPruningTechniquesthecollarUsingthe propertoolsforthejobisakeypartofpruningChoked-outcentralleaderTreePruning:WhatDoTreesThink?Also,pruningcanincreasethevitalityoftheplant toimprovefloweringandfruitproductionTheyshouldbeprunedannuallytoslowtheirgrowthandshouldberemovedeventuallyHabitsofvinesandground coversThetwomaintypesofpruningcuts(ie,removalcutsandreduction/headingcuts)arediscussedindetailalongwithmanyscenariosthatoneencounters whileperformingrealWhenpruningatree,removethick,heavybranchesflushwiththecollaratthebaseofthebranchratherthanflushwiththetrunkAstrees mature,theaimofpruningwillshifttomaintainingtreestructure,Whentoprune?Springfloweringshrubs(Table1)bloomonlastseason’sgrowth;prunethem soonaftertheybloomtopromotevigoroussummergrowthWhentoprune?Mostexperiencedprunerswillutilizemultipletoolsdependingonthesizeand placementofFNRWTheratiooflivecrowntototaltreeheightshouldbeatleasttwo-thirdsTimetoPruneIngeneral,pruneinlatewinterbeforenewgrowth starts