Complementary Use of Top Lights in Folding Roofs for Effective Daylighting in Shop Lots

ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIVE ENVELOPE (DAYLIGHTING)

COMPLEMENTARY USE OF TOP LIGHTS IN FOLDING ROOFS FOR EFFECTIVE DAYLIGHTING IN SHOP LOTS Nur Syuhada’ Binti Abdul Rahman 1, Roshida Abdul Majid2 Abdul Halim Hussein3 & Yakubu Aminu Dodo4 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, 81310 Johor, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia syuhadarhmn1997@gmail.com1, b-roshida@utm.my2, b-halim@utm.my3, yadodo@utm.my4 Abstract The research intention is to design an environmentally responsive envelope for an architect office’s in a row of shophouses, where a lot of energy is required to light up the spaces that daylight cannot penetrate.

Fundamental theories of top-lighting design in folding roofs were employed to complement the inadequate of daylight penetration from side-light. The theories underpinned the Malaysian sustainability plan in the energy sector. The more the usage of daylighting in a building, the less energy consumption will be. An experiment was carried out using a 1:25 scaled model and two ideas were tested, use of transparent material for the folding roof while the second idea was the use of the frosted glass material to diffuse the light for the folding roof also additional features of light well. Design Idea 2 gives a better amount of daylighting and creates ambient light within shop lots, while the other idea produced excessive glare. The lux level reading shows the desired amount of daylighting in the building especially in the deep plan, low level of the mezzanine floor. There is also glare from the east and west side. The novelty of the research is the improvement of the lighting condition for shop lot spaces, which was achieved through the proposed design principles and thereby could reduce the amount of energy used for lighting. This would probably contributes to the Malaysian sustainable economic, that is in line with the Malaysian 12 National Key Economic Areas (NKEA) and Exhibit 1-2 Economic Transformation Programme 57; a roadmap for Malaysia on the issues of sustainability. In order to effectively use the design principle of the findings, further research needs to be carried out over a long period of time as the research results were based on a short time period.

Keywords: complementary, daylighting, effective, folding roof, shop lot & top lights,

ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIVE ENVELOPE (DAYLIGHTING)

1.0 Introduction In tropical climate country like Malaysia, the amount of sunlight receives are sufficient where the temperature ranging 20 °C to 30 °C throughout the year. According to A. ZainAhmed et al. in The availability of daylight from the tropical skies – A case study of Malaysia, Solar radiation and daylight are important to human as energy can be saved to achieve sustainable environment. In addition, illuminance values result in Malaysia could exceed 100,000 lux, hence design of building in Malaysia should applied daylighting strategies also eco-green design.

Daylighting strategies are significant for creating comfort especially visual and thermal comfort for the user of a building. Instead of receiving direct sunlight that can produce glare and excessive heat gain, daylighting offers diffused natural light from the sky as well as avoiding the

effect of the direct sunlight. Hence, well distribution of daylight should be applied so that the light receive appropriate according to the specific user. At the end of this paper provided recommendation on some strategies used in the experiment of this project.

2.0 Aims and Objectives This experiment aims to investigate the transmission of daylight and solve the problem on deep planning, critical lighting at the mezzanine floor also, the glare from the east and west sunlight.

The proposed design attempts the use of roof strategy including the combination of clerestory and the folding concept of the roof to transmit necessary daylight throughout the shop lot. While for facade, glass being used to enhance view also daylighting including the sun shading device to avoid glare.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIVE ENVELOPE (DAYLIGHTING)

ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIVE ENVELOPE (DAYLIGHTING) 3.0 Problem Statement In this experiment, an intermediate shop lot drawing was given including the plans and section. Hence, the drawing was analysed and the problem as stated below: • Deep planning occur in ground and mezzanine floor.

• The high of the mezzanine floor is a bit lower than the other floors and receive critical lighting.

• Orientation of the building that cause glare from the east and west direct sunlight hit the front also the back façade of the shop lot.

4.0 Novelty According to Brundlant report (1987), sustainable development defined as development that meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The current consumption and production levels are 25 percent higher than the earth’s sustainable carrying capacity, according to the Ecological Footprint Sustainability Measure, an independent measure based on United Nations statistics. Means that the energy consumption demand are so high throughout the time.

Hence, daylighting strategies are one of the way to reduce the energy consumption and achieve the earth sustainability in its own way.

The more the usage of daylighting in a building, the less energy consumption will be.

5.0 Methodology The experiment was conducted using the 1:25 scale model to test the use of daylighting strategies of the roof and facade of the shop lot. Two idea were generated and observed during the experiment. Firstly, the use of transparent material that act as transparent glass for the folding roof while the second idea was the use of frosted material for the folding roof also additional features of light well. Next, the lux meter used to record the illuminance level inside the shop lot at point A and B as showed in the plan. The combination of the strategies tested on 5th March, 2018 and on 7th March, 2018 at the rooftop of block B12,

Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Sky condition was intermediate and sometimes cloudy. Result were recorded in Table 1-6.

-The experiment held on 5th - 7th of March on the rof top of B12, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM).

6.0 Results and Discussions The result showed the second design idea achieve better amount of daylighting compare to the first design idea. When sunlight hit the shop lot in the first design idea, there were solid light formed especially at the first floor and create glare. The result was different to another design idea where the light form was diffused at the folding roof and create ambient light that enters the shop lot while the use of light well make the light travel through the shop lot in every levels.

The use of material are important to provide appropriate daylight and visual also thermal comfort to the users.

The result could be further developed into an industrial scale for commercial purpose.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIVE ENVELOPE (DAYLIGHTING)

POINT

INTERNAL ILLUMINANCE (LUX) BUILDING ORIENTATION NORTH-SOUTH WEST-EAST

LEVEL

EAST-WEST SOUTH-NORTH GROUND 400 117 166 257 FLOOR A MEZZANINE 106 155 154 171 FLOOR FIRST FLOOR 682 301 442 736 GROUND 140 268 565 100 FLOOR B MEZZANINE 140 168 236 187 FLOOR FIRST FLOOR 480 269 1142 280 TABLE 1 : INTERNAL ILLUMINANCE ( 06.03.2018 | 1500 | SKY CONDITION : INTERMEDIATE)

POINT

LEVEL EAST-WEST

INTERNAL ILLUMINANCE (LUX) BUILDING ORIENTATION NORTH-SOUTH WEST-EAST

SOUTH-NORTH

GROUND 666 815 630 FLOOR A MEZZANINE 260 322 525 FLOOR FIRST FLOOR 236 290 503 GROUND 833 807 1216 FLOOR B MEZZANINE 165 145 287 FLOOR FIRST FLOOR 155 108 367 TABLE 2: INTERNAL ILLUMINANCE ( 07.03.2018 | 0900 | SKY CONDITION : INTERMEDIATE

754 255 327 726 185 122

ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIVE ENVELOPE (DAYLIGHTING)

CASES

AREA

GROUND FLOOR

CASE 1 -CLEAR GLASS FOR SKYLIGHT MEZZANINE FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

GROUND FLOOR

CASE 2 -FROSTED GLASS FOR SKYLIGHT -LIGHT WELL

MEZZANINE FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

EAST-WEST ORIENTATION

0900

1200

1500

ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIVE ENVELOPE (DAYLIGHTING) CASES

AREA

GROUND FLOOR

CASE 1 -CLEAR GLASS FOR SKYLIGHT MEZZANINE FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

GROUND FLOOR

CASE 2 -FROSTED GLASS FOR SKYLIGHT -LIGHT WELL

MEZZANINE FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

NORTH-SOUTH ORIENTATION

0900

1200

1500

ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIVE ENVELOPE (DAYLIGHTING)

CASES

AREA

GROUND FLOOR

CASE 1 -CLEAR GLASS FOR SKYLIGHT MEZZANINE FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

GROUND FLOOR

CASE 2 -FROSTED GLASS FOR SKYLIGHT -LIGHT WELL

MEZZANINE FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

WEST-EAST ORIENTATION

0900

1200

1500

ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIVE ENVELOPE (DAYLIGHTING)

CASES

AREA

GROUND FLOOR

CASE 1 -CLEAR GLASS FOR SKYLIGHT MEZZANINE FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

GROUND FLOOR

CASE 2 -FROSTED GLASS FOR SKYLIGHT -LIGHT WELL

MEZZANINE FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

SOUTH-NORTH ORIENTATION

0900

1200

1500

ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIVE ENVELOPE (DAYLIGHTING) 7.0 Findings and Conclusion In this experiment, the combination of clerestory and the folding roof has contribute better daylight transmission throughout the shop lot especially on the first and mezzanine floor. The use of light well also effect the lighting in the shop lot and improve the deep planning problem. In addition, the material used also influenced the daylighting in the shop lot where the frosted kind of material diffused light better than the transparent material, create ambient light and transmit into the shop lot. For the facade, the use of vertical garden enhance the avoiding of glare at the front facade from enter the shop lot.

The implementation of these strategies could contribute some points on the rating of Green Building Index (GBI) Malaysia. This would probably contributes to the Malaysian sustainable economic, that is in line with the Malaysian 12 National Key Economic Areas (NKEA) and Exhibit 1-2 Economic Transformation Programme 57; a roadmap for Malaysia on the issues of sustainability.

8.0 Acknowledgement All the members of staffs and students of Department of Architecture, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), for their support in this research.

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9.0 References  Dodo Y.A., Lei L.X., Hussein A., Annexing Green Building Rating Points through Multipurpose Vertical Light Pipes, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(46), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i46/107133, December 2016  Edmonds I.R., Greenup P.J., Daylighting in the tropics, 2002; 73 (2) : 111-121

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Exhibit 1-2 Economic Transformation Programme 57. Economic Transformation Programme: a Roadmap for Malaysia.

Performance Management and Delivery Unit, Jabatan Perdana Menteri, 2010. [Internet].

[Retrieved 2018 March 12].Available from: http://etp.pemandu.gov.my/upload/etp_handb ook_chapter_1-4_economic_model.pdf Solar Poster [Internet]. [Cited 2006]. Available from: http://www.heliodons.org.

The Energy Commission Diamond Building.

Energy Commission [Internet]. [Retrieved 2018 March 13]. Available from : http://www.st.gov.my/index.php/en/aboutus2/energy-commission-diamond-building