Classification of Power Supply and Its Different Types

Classification of Power Supply and Its Different Types

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Power Supply • The power supply unit is the part of the hardware that is used to convert the power provided from the outlet into usable power to many parts inside an electrical device.

• Every energy supply must drive its load, which is connected to it.

• Depending on its design, a power supply unit may obtain energy from various types of energy sources, like electrical energy transmission systems, electromechanical systems such as generators and alternators, solar power converters, energy storage devices such as a battery and fuel cells, or other power supply.

• There are two types of power supplies existed, AC and DC power supply. Based on the electrical device’s electric specifications it may use AC power or DC power.

Different Types of Power Supply

Variable AC Power Supply • The different AC voltages are generated by using a transformer.

• The transformer may have multiple windings or taps, in which case the instrument uses switches to select the different voltage levels.

• Alternatively, a variable transformer (adjustable autotransformer) can be used to continuously vary the voltages.

• Some variable AC supplies are included meters to monitor the voltage, current, and/or power.

Unregulated Linear Power Supply • Unregulated power supplies contain a step-down transformer, rectifier, filter capacitor, and a bleeder resistor.

• This type of power supply, because of simplicity, is the least costly and most reliable for low power requirements.

• The main disadvantage is that the output voltage is not constant.

• It will vary with the input voltage and the load current, and the ripple is not suitable for electronic applications.

• The ripple can be reduced by changing the filter capacitor to an LC (inductorcapacitor) filter, but the cost becomes more.

Regulated Linear Power Supply • Regulated linear power supplies are same to the unregulated linear power supply except that a 3-terminal regulator is used in place of the bleeder resistor.

• The main aim of this supply is to provide the required level of DC power to the load.

• The DC power supply uses an AC supply as the input.

• Different applications require different levels of attributes voltages, but nowadays the DC power supplies provide an accurate output voltage.

• And this voltage is regulated by an electronic circuitry so that it provides a constant output voltage over a wide range of output loads.

Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) • The AC voltage is rectified to an unregulated DC voltage, with the series transistor and the regulator.

• This DC is chopped to a constant high-frequency voltage which enables the size of the transformer to be dramatically reduced and allows for a much smaller power supply.

• The disadvantages of this type of supply are that all of the transformers have to be custommade and the complexity of the power supply does not lend itself to low production or economical low power applications.

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) • UPS is a Backup power source that, in the case of power failure or fluctuations, allows enough time for an orderly shutdown of the system or for a standby generator to start up. • UPS consists usually of a bank of rechargeable batteries and power sensing and conditioning circuitry.

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