Giancarlo de Carlo Università degli Studi of Urbino:Tridente preservation project

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Index 1.HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

Giancarlo de Carlo Collegio della Tridente

History of the campus ..............................................3.

History of Tridente .......................................... 4.

Reminisence .......................................... 10.

Transformations .............................................. 11.

2.USE Analysis of Use .............................................. 21.

Transformation of use .............................................. 28.

Compliance to the law ....................................... 29.

Problemartic issues ....................................... 35 .

GROUP 1

3.Construction

Architectural Preservation Studio

Redrawings......................................................... 41.

Survey.................................................................. 50.

Material Survey..................................................... 62.

Aleksic Marina Banovic Ognjen Buyanov Peter Han Mengyao Krunic Danijela Medunjanin Ismar

4.Conservation project Conservation strategy......................................... 81 "QR code" application .......................................... 85 Common Spaces.......................................... 90 Room units ...............................................98 Technical details................................................ 105 Material Solutions.................................................. 112

5.Photografic Archive Photographic Archive......................................... 119

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1.HISTORY

*CONNECTION TO THE NATURE/ Confluence of nature and artifice. One of the main characteristics of the complex which has to be preserved is the connection with the nature and surroundings of the buildings. Visual impact with the surrounding landscape is an important issue, since it gives the character to the whole project.

* The

BREAK DOWN THE COMPLEX INTO IDENTIFIABLE “TERRITORIES”, each being different from desire to

the others in its organisation of the space, its articulation of architectural forms and its presence of some particular activity which gives it a specifis role. For De carlo, this process of differentiationwas an essential part of the “simulation of slow growth”. It is only through gradual innovation and adjustment over a long span of time that the city achieves both its cohesion and variety.

*Giancarlo De Carlo: “Le ragioni dell'architettura” edited by Margherita Guccione, Alessandra Vittorini, Milano, Electa, 2005 **Benedict Zucchi: “Giancarlo De Carlo”, Oxford, Butterworth Architecture, 1992

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history of the campus Overall Progress of the project

collegio delle serpentine collegio della vela

1981 222 beds

commission Giancarlo de Carlo was commissioned for this project

by Carlo Bo, who was the Princi pal of the UniversitĂ degli Studi of Urbino.

1960

1961

1962 1963

1.HISTORY

1981 152 bedsv

1964

collegio del colle

collegio del tridente

1962-1966 150 beds

1965

1966 1967 1968

1979-1980 352 beds

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

collegio dell'aquilone

1983 128 beds

1981 1982

1983 1984

historical photography ( order without timeline )

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history of tridente Overall Design

1.HISTORY

collegieo vella tridente 1973-1983,352 beds The design of the Collegio del tridente has an internal focus but the resulting exterior form seems not only less discreet than in the Vela or Aquilone but also more diagrammatic.Here,Decarlo arranges the residential accommodation in three prongs. In the tridente the collective amenities are articulated,above ground,into two elements: an orthogonal block containing a large performance space,lounge and study areas and a semi-circular lecture facility .

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history of tridente

Overall Design

1.HISTORY

If as was suggested earlier,the first college may be represented almost as the Renaissance adjustment of an idea form to its site.It is as if,in the newer colleges, De Carlo'’s princpal preoccupation was with honing this ideal form rather than with accommodating to its setting. In part, this is due to the internal architectural exigencies of attenuating what De Carlo felt.However,it is also due in large measure to an external objective: the desire to break down the complex into indentifiable terriotories”,each being different from the others.

original axonometries of tridente:

In tridente,more than anywhere else in the newer colleges,the disadvantages of internalizing the circulation are evedent. One wishes that the building had been moreliteral in its parallels with the city: preserving the outdoor nature of its streets and public spaces, and allowing different parts of the complex to find their own formal expression. In the tridente, the room modules seems too insistent and their engagement with the communal block too abrupt.

In the tridente,as at St Andrews, the effect of internalizing the circulation is thus to devalue the outdoor space which,as an inclined wedge of land between the splayed student wings,already has a forlorn,left-over quality.Perhaps indeed a “screen of trees” is called for(to reintegrate the softer,flowing forms of nature which in Le Corbusier’s urbanism were always the compositional complement of the hard Cartesian geometries of his buildings).

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history of tridente

Main ideas recognised in Tridente

1.HISTORY

*THE MOVEMENT FROM COLLECTIVE TO PRIVATE PLACES comes about through an incredible variety of intermediate passages that suggest and promote every type of associative life. In Tridente, gradation of spaces from private to collective is strong. Starting from private rooms in dormitories, one enters semi-private common area for 8 room units.After entering semi collective corridor, the completely common area in the main building is reached.

*COMMON SPACES, as spaces where interpersonal exchanges take place. Giancarlo De Carlo’ s idea of creating a complex as a city, is seen in his attempt to create common spaces used not only by students living in Collegi, but also from Urbino residents.

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history of tridente

Main ideas recognised in Tridente

1.HISTORY

*CONTINUITY appears

as one of the ideas of

the project. It appears to have been invested in those aspects of the design which could have been varied.

Conversely, variety has been introduced in those aspects which demand the greatest continuity: the relationshi p between the buildings, the hillside and the sequence of internal and external spaces. In the forms of the city (its individual buildings) that change most rapidly, whereas the morphology adapts only very slowly and subtly. The urban structure embodies continuit and the forms embody change.

*MATERIALS are

an important part of this project, since

unity of whole complex is found in the use of the materials Bricks, concrete and wood make the majority of materials used by original plans, and since they are used in the whole complex, the unity is achieved.

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history of tridente REMINISCENCE Collegio del Tridente

Reminisence

Tridente vs Alvar Aalto’s Wolfsburg Cultural Center 1.HISTORY

Giancarlo de Carlo, after travelling with his wife around Europe and got a book of European’s recent architectural projects on that travelling, was redrawing projects of Alvar Aalto, James Stirling and Le Corbusier. He was trying to understand the logic of this great architect and it certainly affected Giancarlo de Carlo’s way of thinking about architecture.* For this reason, we believe that the semi-circular collective area is reminiscent of Alvar Aalto’s Wolfsburg Cultural Center.

(1958 - 1962)

*Reference: Franco Bucunga and Giancarlo de Carlo, :Conversazioni con Giancarlo De Carlo”, Eleuthera, Milano, 2001

*Reference: Franco Bucunga and Giancarlo de Carlo, :Conversazioni con Giancarlo De Carlo”, Eleuthera, Milano, 2001

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history of tridente

REMINISCENCE

Reminisence

Collegio del Tridente

1.HISTORY

Tridente vs St Andrews University Based on the same book, Conversazioni con Giancarlo De Carlo, by Giancarlo de Carlo, we can understand that the layout of three prongs that project radially from the communal area us reminiscent of James Stirling’s design - St Andrews University (1964 - 1968), four figner-like blocks, composed of repititive cells, spread out downhill from a communal building towards a spectacular view.

*Reference: Franco Bucunga and Giancarlo de Carlo, :Conversazioni con Giancarlo De Carlo�, Eleuthera, Milano, 2001

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history of tridente Reminisence /Materials

1.HISTORY

Tridente vs Le Corbusier’s Maisons Jaoul The detailing of materials is reminiscent of Le Corbusier’s Maisons Jaoul (1955) and Brutalist aesthetic which it inspired.* Walls: -brick, capped with bands of shuttered concrete -bold concrete bands also define the covered walkways and form parapets to the white marble-chip flat roofs -the raw tectonic quality of the beton-brut

*Reference/ Benedict Zucchi. Giancarlo De Carlo. Butterworth Architecture, 1992

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history of tridente Transformations / Comparison between original drawings and current situation

1.HISTORY

LEVEL 1 : Cantine, Public hall

ORIGINAL PLAN:

CURRENT SITUATION:

As it is seen on the original plan, the dining hall had larger area than it is now, providing bigger number of available seats and tables. There were no partitions projected inside the dining room. There were direct way from the ground level to the cantine, using the stairs in the northern part of the building.

We found that some partitions had been added previously inside the dining hall. The Kitchen increased in size and have occupied the south-east part of the dining room. It is divided from the hall with new walls marked on the plan. Also the bar had been divided from the hall to serve the public area.

In the common space we detected two wooden partition walls, which veil the staircases. Near the bar there are some fixed tables and chairs, plus two vending machines. Fixed tabels are also located in the western corner of the room and near the window in the south part. There are also two call-boxes near the emergency exit.

Small interventions such as surveillance systems, fixed trash bins and not-original movable furniture had also been noticed.

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history of tridente

Transformations / Photo documentation

LEVEL 1 : Cantine, Public hall 1.HISTORY

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Timber and concrete partitions

Partitions and vending machines

In the dining hall there are some partitions which divides the space.

Some of them used as a callboards.

These light dividers split the hall into multiple areas making it more cozy.

Timber partition walls were placed to divide the stairs from the common area. Vending machines selling the necessary goods are here, because of scarcity of the shopping facilites and grocery stores near the Collegio.

Bar and fxed tables with chairs

Call-boxes

The bar now is an independed facility, detached from the dining hall with the wall. In front of it, there are fixed tables as well as fixed chairs. The obvious need for the seating place near the bar is understandable, however, fixing is unnecessar y because it makes the public zone less flexible. The newly added furniture is in contrary with the interior stylistics.

Two call-boxes in the common area.

The facility is underused because everybody uses his own mobile phone to make calls.

history of tridente

Transformations / Comparison between original drawings and current situation

LEVEL 2: Entrance hall, Study rooms, Auditorium 1.HISTORY

ORIGINAL PLAN:

CURRENT SITUATION:

We noticed that the Enttrance canopy and the entrance hall on the original drawing is different to the real situation, nevertheless, we consider this part was initially built not according to the De Carlo drawings. From the original drawing we can also clearly seen that the area of tridente is completly inaccessible for disabled people. The study area on the groundfloor of the central building wasn’t detached from the corridor with the partition.

There is one significant difference with De Carlo’s plan in the study area, we detected that there is a newly added concrete partition wall with the wooden door, which detaches corridor from the study room.

We also found that on the original drawing there was no small ramp at the entrance of auditorium, however, the inclination is so small that it could be built initiallly in this way.

In the southern part of the middle building the area is occupied by the vending machines. There are also some new tables along the walls nearby. One of the staircases had been painted with the light grey paint, also the bottom part of the staircase is divided from the corridor with the curtains and is used as a storage.

In the study rooms we found that in two of them the orignal seating was replaced with the new ones. Plus, the teachers’ tables have a new covering.

In the courtyard, there are new benches and ash-stands.

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history of tridente Transformations / Photo documentation

1.HISTORY

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LEVEL 2: Entrance hall, Study rooms, Auditorium Partition and fixed tables

Barrier pillars

Under the auditorium there is a small partition which prevents access under the stairs. There are 4 fixed tables along the windows.

Three pillars to prevent the car traffic on the square.

Vending machines

Benches

Vending machines selling coffee, juices and snacks.

Benches around the garden blocks on the main square of Tridente.

Bicycle parking

Chairs, table and roller blinds

Small steel rails in the southern part of groundlevel area.

Two study rooms are currently equipped with the new seats.

The concrete table has an MDF covering.

Roller blinds are used to protect the room from the direct sunlight.

history of tridente Transformations / Comparison between original drawings and current situation

1.HISTORY

LEVEL 3: Auditorium, Study room

ORIGINAL PLAN:

CURRENT SITUATION:

There are some issues in the original project, for instance, the dormer windows above the study rooms allows the rays of sun to enter directly inside the building volume, which causes overheating. Moreover in some rooms the sun shines directly into students eyes, making the study process hard.

Due to the problem mentioned above, the university covered the dormer window from inside using curtains and roller blinds. Also there were added several automatic window openers to control the ventilation.

In the main building, we found a newly fixed projector screen on of the beams above the auditorium. During two workshops in Urbino we had not seen a single day it was used to show movies or etc.

Additionally there are one painted staircase and one painted brick wall detected on this level.

Outside, we noticed the new/replaced downsprouts, which has a clearly new concrete work in the places of fixing.

There are two TV antennas on the upper part of western facade.

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history of tridente Transformations / Photo documentation

LEVEL 3: Auditorium, Study room 1.HISTORY

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New downspouts

Painted concrete

We found these new downsprouts only on the upper terrace of western side of the buiding.

The internal part of the southern staircase is painted with the light grey colour.

TV antennas

Painted bricks

Located on the western facade, these antennas recieve the signal for the tv sets situated in the dining hall.

The wall which divide the office from the corridor is painted.

Fixed screen

Roller blinds

Screen for projections is fixed on the beam.

Roller blinds are used to protect the room from the direct sunlight.

history of tridente

Transformations / Maps of replaced windows and newly added doors 1.HISTORY

DORMITORIES: Private and public areas The main transformation the dormitories have suffered from is the replacement of original window systems to the modern PVC ones.

Nevertheless, they are economically and energy efficient, their impact on the building appearance is horrible. Due to the special plastic look and wider frames the windows are too flashy. Such intervention has diminished the historic value of the De Carlo’s project.

In overall there are sligtly more than half of all windows in dormitories have been replaced. In the northern wing, we also detected two new sliding door systems, which fight the air draught in the corridor.

There are also several areas with painted brick in this wing.

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history of tridente

Transformations / Photo documentation

DORMITORIES: Private and public areas

COLLEGIO : Other transformations throughout the buildings

1.HISTORY

Glass partition with sliding doors

Photovoltaic panels

The two partition walls with the doors were installed to prevent the strong wind draughts inside the corridor. The frame coloue is equal to that used for railings and doors.

PV panels to make the structure more sustainable (to decrease the costs).

PVC windows

Technical boxes

PVC windows The windows which replace the original ones.

Hanged obove the entances in the auditorium area (on the grounfloor).

Painted brick wall Probably an attempt to cover the graffitty, but the colour is not matching the brick one.

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2

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use

Analysis of use Use

FLOOR -2

GARAGE

LAUNDRY ROOMS

LEGENDS

2.USE

TECNNICAL ROOMS

FUNCTIONAL LAUNDRY ROOMS

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use Analysis of use

FLOOR -1 common spaces

2.USE

LEGENDS student lounge-common space

kitchen - services

restaurant

radio station

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use

Analysis of use

FLOOR -1 room units

2.USE

LEGENDS single rooms common space for 8 rooms corridoor common space common space for 8 rooms single rooms

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use Analysis of use

ground floor common spaces

2.USE

LEGENDS communication open space classroom open space piazza corridor & study areas study room auditurium reception ambulance

1

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use

Analysis of use

ground floor room units

2.USE

LEGENDS single rooms common space for 8 rooms bathrooms common space for 8 rooms single rooms

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use

Analysis of use

FLOOR 1 common spaces

2.USE

LEGENDS study room administration communication

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use

Analysis of use

FLOOR 1 roo, units

2.USE

LEGENDS roof terrace

unused space

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use

Transformations of use

2.USE

floor -2 28

floor -1

ground floor

floor 1

use: Compliance to the laws Accessibility

2.USE

It is possible for disabled people to reach Tridente from the main road, but once you get to the collegio it is impossible to access the piazza or the building itself due to the cascade that leads from the road to the open public space.

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use:compliance to the laws Accessibility regulations

LEVEL 1: Cantine, Public hall

CURRENT SITUATION Today, the area of cantene is almost not accessible for the handicap people. There is a possibility to reach this level for them using the car track to the underground car park, however, the inclination (more than 8%) of this ramp does not comly with the accessibility regulations.

2.USE

There is also a problem with the access to the building itself. As far as plan is concerned, the two only ways to get inside the cantene for disabled people are through the kitchen or through the small connection in the southern part, in this case, the connection should be cleared of bicycles, which some students store there.

ORIGINAL PLAN The original plan did not include the possibility for disabled people to enter the building, even the connection in the southern part, we mentioned, seems to be added, because it is not seen on the original drawings of Giancarlo De Carlo.

1

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use: compliance to the laws

CURRENT SITUATION

LEVEL 2

The groundlevel of Tridente is not a barrierless area, however, the administration had put some effort to make it more accessible for disabled people.

Accessibility regulations

Entrance hall, Study rooms, Auditorium

2.USE

There are several modifications, which we noticed. The first one is an attempt to make a small ramp above the stairs which lead from the road to the main square. The “ramp� is done using asphalt outgrowth to smooth the steps of the stairs. Even if the method is completely wrong, it gives the opportunity for handicap to enter the piazza. So the university consider this area as accessible.

The second one is a small wooden ramp added to the auditorium entrance.

The study rooms are partly accessible. The problem here is that the direct entrance without levelling is provided, but the corridor lading to them is too narrow, also the door-system does-not comply with the accessibility regulations as it can cause blocking (See the image I.1).

ORIGINAL PLAN The original plan did notinclude the possibility for disabled people to enter the building, as long as there are stairs which lead from the road to the main public square.

The minimum width of the corridor for the disabled people is 900 mm, nevertheless if such corridor has a door, it should be at least 500 mm wider in order to prevent the blockage.

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use:compliance to the laws Accessibility regulations

LEVEL 3: Dormitory, Study room, Auditorium

2.USE

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CURRENT SITUATION Currently the upper floor of tridende is completely inaccessible for disabled people.

There are no dormitories for handicaped people in this Collegio.

ORIGINAL PLAN The original plan did not include the possibility for disabled people to enter the building, as long as there are stairs which lead from the road to the main public square.

use:compliance to the laws Accessibility regulations

MANIFESTATION : Students of the campus trying to attract university’s attention to the problem

2.USE

What for?

The main issue is that the disabled students, who live in the Vela campus, cannot access the cantine.

And also all the territory of collegio are not meeting the requrements of handicap.

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use:compliance to the laws Safety regulations

LEVEL -1 Dormitories, Basement

CURRENT SITUATION

2.USE

We found that, nowadays, some of the emergency exits in tridente dormitories wings are closed for no reason. Most of the closed doors are on the north-west sides of the buildings.

As a result in the unlikely event of fire inside the campus, the emergency routes might be overcongested and dangerous during the evacuation.

The original plan did not include the possibility for disabled people to enter the building, as long as there are stairs which lead from the road to the main public square.

ORIGINAL PLAN The original plan by De Carlo provided the dormitories with the emergency exit, in average, every 20 meters along the evacuation route. Moreover the people who live on the second floor of the dorm unit can also use the emergency exit to the terraces, which are interconnected.

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use:PROBLEMATIC ISSUES Safety

OUTDOOR STAIRS: domitories

CURRENT SITUATION 2.USE

The outdoor stairs which connect the terraces on top of the units has a 45 degrees angle which is quite dangerous and also does not comly with the modern safety regulations.

Moreover, one of these stairs has once already caused the serious injury of the student. Because of the huge gap between the stairs and rails there is a possibility to fall down.

Sometime ago this happend to thegirl, who lived in the tridente dormitory.After that, the university, instead of trying to solve the problem, just prohibited the access to the terraces for students. But they still using it, as they tell, on their own risk.

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use:PROBLEMATIC ISSUES Safety

inDOOR STAIRS: domitories

CURRENT SITUATION 2.USE

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The indoor stairs inside the unit have the same problems as the outdoor one. Their structure is very familiar.

The inclination of the stairway is 45 degrees, which makes the usage quite inconvenient. The size of the thread is 230 mm, which is also not comfortable for the human being.

The metal lattice which is used as a surface of stairs and intermediate platform is quite slippery, which is also an issue for the people who live there. Another minus is a handrail, which clearance is around 550 mm, while the comfortable one is 900 mm.

use:PROBLEMATIC ISSUES Misuse, Accessibility

CIRCULATION issues: main building

CURRENT SITUATION 2.USE

The circulation throughout Tridente is partly limited by the closed doors leading from cantine to the main square. Due to the closure people are forced to use the internal staircases to reach the mensa. This way is used mostly by the students from other campuses, hence, it increases the flux of people inside the building, provoking the noise disturbance.

Other problem is misuse of spaces.Some areas like vending machines corner and the common area on the level 1 produce the noise which is harmful for such students who use this area for study (also wrongly).

Our concern is that for students it’s quite hard to organise the space for themselves but according to the others needs too. That was one of De Carlo’s programming ideas, so, perhaps, we need to describe it more clear to the students who live there.

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use:PROBLEMATIC ISSUES DECAY

2.USE

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WINDOWS:

CURRENT SITUATION

mAIN BUILDING

The windows in the main building has a single layer of glass, which is bad for transmittance value. Some of the windows lost the paint and cracked.

use:PROBLEMATIC ISSUES DECAY

WINDOWS:

CURRENT SITUATION

Dormitories

The windows in the dormitories suffer hardly from the precipations, the conditions of some windows are very bad. The other issue is that more than half of all the old windows have been replaced with the PVC ones which dramatically decrease the historical value of the building.

2.USE

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2

construction REDRAWINGS

-2f plan 1:600

3.CONSTRUCTION

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construction REDRAWINGS

-1 f plan 1:600

3.CONSTRUCTION 1

42

construction REDRAWINGS

groundfloor plan 1:600

3.CONSTRUCTION

2 43

construction REDRAWINGS

1f plan 1:600

3.CONSTRUCTION

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construction REDRAWINGS

detail 1:100

3.CONSTRUCTION

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construction REDRAWINGS

detail 1:200

3.CONSTRUCTION

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construction REDRAWINGS

sections 1:500

a-a 1:500 2.USE 3.CONSTRUCTION

b-b 1:500

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construction REDRAWINGS

sections 1:500

c-c 1:500

3.CONSTRUCTION

d-d 1:500

1

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construction REDRAWINGS

sections 1:500

3.CONSTRUCTION

e-e 1:500

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construction SURVEY

DORM UNITS

3.CONSTRUCTION

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construction SURVEY

DORM UNITS

section b-b

section c-c

section d-d

3.CONSTRUCTION

section a-a

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construction SURVEY

DORM UNITS

double-side

3.CONSTRUCTION

one-side

floor plan 1

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roof plan

construction SURVEY

DORM UNITS axonometry

2.USE 3.CONSTRUCTION

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construction SURVEY

DORM UNITS axonometry

3.CONSTRUCTION

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construction SURVEY

sketches

3.CONSTRUCTION

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construction SURVEY

3.CONSTRUCTION

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sketches

construction

SURVEY SURVEY

photo

common area

3.CONSTRUCTION

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57

construction SURVEY

photo

3.CONSTRUCTION

58

construction SURVEY

photo

3.CONSTRUCTION

59

construction SURVEY

window-detail

3.CONSTRUCTION

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SURVEY detail- window

construction SURVEY

window-detail

3.CONSTRUCTION 40

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construction MATERIAL SURVEY

MATERIAL INdEX

CONCRETE 3.CONSTRUCTION

DECAY

cracks efflorescence spalling honeycombing

cavitation ALTERATION graffiti patina paint

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BRICK

WOOD

METAL

STONE

cracks efflorescence

rot

corrosion

efflorescence

graffiti

vandalism

vandalism

TILES

synthetics

construction concrete | typologies MAP

MATERIAL SURVEY

CASTED CONCRETE | AGGREGATES TYPOLOGIES

FINISHINGS beton brut | horizontal form

type of aggregate 1 beton brut | vertical form

PLASTER 3.CONSTRUCTION

type of aggregate 2

exposed stone

type of aggregate 3 polished stone

Prefabricated Concrete | Aggregates typologies

FINISHINGS

type of aggregate 4

exposed stone

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construction MATERIAL SURVEY

concrete | typologies MAP

FINISHING:

brut concrete horizontal form

exterior walls beams

3.CONSTRUCTION

type of aggregate 1 Béton brut

FINISHING:

brut concrete vertical form

internal walls columns

The imprint of the wood used for pouring presented on the surface, are particularly expressed in the game of shadow and light. emphasizes the brutalist desire of the architect.

type of aggregate 2 Plaster

FINISHING:

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PLASTER

Internal walls

Plaster is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid. Plaster was used to cover less visually appealing construction materials such as concrete and brick, or to add light, in zones that are designed as “living space”, such as -1 story of main building and rooms.

construction MATERIAL SURVEY

concrete | typologies MAP

type of aggregate 3 Exposed stone

FINISHING:

exposed stone

floors and stairs of the accomodation blocks

A composite of cement and fine aggregates, casted on the spot, with a final layer of texture that makes exposed aggregate. This finishing is used for floors in corridors.

FINISHING:

polished stone

floors of the main building

A composite of cement and fine aggregate, which is cast on site. after drying, the surface finish is grinded and polished, to obtain the effect of gloss.

This finishing is used for the floors in main building, stories ground, -1, +1.

3.CONSTRUCTION

Polished stone

type of aggregate 4 Prefabricated concrete has been used for making plates 60k120cm in size. Used aggrefate grain size is maximum 20mm. plates are used to cover the roof terraces. The picture shows part with the new smaller plates.

FINISHING:

exposed stone

floors of the terrace

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construction MATERIAL SURVEY

concrete DECAY

CRACKS

Description

3.CONSTRUCTION

A common adage is that there are two guarantees with concrete. One, it will get hard and two, it will crack.

Cracking occurs over time in virtually all concrete. Cracks vary in depth, width, direction, pattern, location, and cause.

Cracks can be either active or dormant (inactive). Active cracks widen, deepen, or migrate through the concrete.

Dormant cracks remain unchanged. Cracking is a frequent cause of complaints in the concrete industry.

Main causes The main causes of these fenomena are to be addressed to possible original design inadequacies, that didn’t take into account in a proper way the effect of loads.Cracking can be the result of one or a combination of factors such as drying shrinkage, thermal contraction, restraint (external or internal) to shortening, subgrade settlement, and applied loads. Cracking can not be prevented but it can be significantly reduced or controlled when the causes are taken into account and preventative steps are taken.

*Reference: -Failed stones. Problems and solutions with concrete and masonry. Patrick loughran; Birkhauser-publishers for Architecture, Basel, 2007 -Concrete: Building Pathology, Susan MacDonald, Blackwell Pub, 2002

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construction MATERIAL SURVEY

concrete DECAY

Efflorescence

Description

3.CONSTRUCTION

Efflorescence is a white crystalline deposit that can develop on new concrete. Water in wet hardened concrete contains dissolved salts (usually a carbonate).

As the salt-water solution evaporates, salts may be left on the surface.

*Reference: -Failed stones. Problems and solutions with concrete and masonry. Patrick loughran; Birkhauser-publishers for Architecture, Basel, 2007

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construction MATERIAL SURVEY

concrete DECAY

SPALLING Steel corrosion

3.CONSTRUCTION

Corrosion of steel reinforcing members is a common cause of damage to concrete. Rust staining will often be present during a visual inspection if corrosion is at work. If the cracks are running in the straight lines, as parallel lines at uniform intervals that correspond with the spacing of steel reinforcement material, you can suspect corrosion is at the root of the problem. In time, spalling will occur, and eventually, the reinforcing material will become exposed to a visual inspection.

Description Spalling is the loss of surface material in patches of varying size.

Main causes It occurs when reinforcing bars corrode, creating high stresses within the concrete. As a result, chunks of concrete pop off from the surface. Similar damage can occur when water absorbed by porous aggregates freezes.

Spalling may also result from the improper consolidation of concrete during construction.

*Reference: Steel corrosion in concrete: fundamentals and civil engineering practice; Arnold Bentur, Sidney Diamond, Neal S. Berke; E&FN spon, an imprint of chapman & hall, London; 1997 -Concrete: Building Pathology, Susan MacDonald, Blackwell Pub, 2002 1

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construction MATERIAL SURVEY

concrete DECAY

Honeycombing

Description

3.CONSTRUCTION

Honeycombing is a defect resulting in zones of concrete that are devoid of cement mortar.

While these are generally visible at the surface, they can extend to some depth within the concrete. This flaw comes from a failure of the cement mortar to effectively fill the spaces between coarse aggregate particles.

Causes Its cause is typically linked to an inappropriate concrete composition or to inadequate compaction during a pour. The composition of the mix must be well graded and take into account the water content of sand and aggregate.

*Reference: R. Dodge Woodson. Concrete structures. Protection, Repair and Rehabilitation. Elsevier Inc. Burlington, MA. 2009

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construction MATERIAL SURVEY

concrete alterations Honeycombing

3.CONSTRUCTION

Honeycombing

Honeycombing

Cavitation is a result of complex flow chharacteristics of water over concrete surfaces. Fast water and irregular surface areas of concrete can result in cavitation.

Graffiti and other acts of vandalism can discolor exterior walls wherever they are accessible; however, there are ways of protecting the appearance of facades. The causes are to be linked directly to the action of the young people living in the building.

Final treatment of the concrete, the work of nature and the passage of time. usage of the lower quality concrete for non-structural parts of the building, such as fences and pathways, has resulted in the creation of a desirable patina, which highlights the beauty of concrete.

Applied coat of paint, in order to hide graffiti, reduces the visibility of the wood texture. Used color is white.

Honeycombing

70

construction

exterior and internal walls

MATERIAL SURVEY

brick After concrete the most used material is brick. It is used for walls of all thickness. It is fired face brick block 250x120x50mm.

fired face block

3.CONSTRUCTION

71

construction MATERIAL SURVEY

brick brick decay

cracks The appearance of cracks in brickwork can generally be divided into two categories. Firstly cracks that appear in walling due to structural reasons, secondly, cracks that are already visible in the face of individual bricks prior to laying or which may subsequently appear in service.

When cracks appear in continuing stretches through bricks and mortar it is usually a sign that there has been some sort of structural movement. This could be due to numerous different means such as soil movements, tree roots, impact damage, structural loading, chemical changes i.e sulphate attack, vibration or physical changes i.e temperature (thermal expansion & contraction) and moisture movement.

3.CONSTRUCTION

effolorescence Efflorescence can be defined as the deposit of soluble compounds carried by water onto the surface of a building. Efflorescence can disappear after a short period of time, as the new building dries out and rainwater rinses the facade clean of the salt deposits. If left untreated, the consolidation of powdery salts can crystalize and become a serious detriment to a building envelope.

Efflorescence is a calcium or alkaline salt which forms as a blotchy, powdery or crystalline deposit on the surface of masonry walls and the concrete products. There are many kinds of salt that can be detected in samples of efflorescence.

brick alterations effolorescence Graffiti and other acts of vandalism can discolor exterior walls wherever they are accessible; however, there are ways of protecting the appearance of facades.

The causes are to be linked directly to the action of the young people living in the building

72

construction MATERIAL SURVEY

wood Wood with painted surface is mostly used for exterior frames of doors and windos, as well for the interior doors.

painted wood

door and window frame

solid wood

3.CONSTRUCTION

Solid wood is mostly used for some furniture such as benches are. In main building wood is used for floor of amphitheatre and small table area on -1story.

interior flooring Plywood is used for all diferent kindes of furniture, like tables, chairs, closets, cabinets,... also for indoor doors.

Plywood

interior furniture

73

construction MATERIAL SURVEY

wood

wood | decay Wet wood is the first requirement for wood rot to begin. The moisture content of the wood has to exceed its Fiber Saturation Point (FSP), which is typically around 30% or more water content.

Rot

Next, wood decay spores, which are constantly being blown around in the wind, settle on the moist wood surface. When the temperature is warm enough, the spores germinate into tiny fungus “plants” with root-like hyphae tubes that penetrate the wood and secrete enzymes, which soften the wood and make it easier for the fungi digest. The fungi multiply to form a colony and, under the right conditions, they can expand rapidly across the wood.

3.CONSTRUCTION

WOOD | аlteration

Vandalism

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Graffiti and other acts of vandalism can discolor wood surfacewherever they are accessible; however, there are ways of protecting the appearance of facades.

The causes are to be linked directly to the action of the young people living in the building.

construction MATERIAL SURVEY

METAL

Galvanized steel is used for areas that need corrosion protection, that are outside or that are frequently used, exposed. Such as stairs, rails and bars. It is used in colour of the steel or painted in blue or red. Although galvanizing will inhibit attack of the underlying steel, rusting will be inevitable.

galvanized steel

stairs steps

steel tube

tube corridor

iron

4.PROJECT

Iron is used for doors, window frames and water protection beneath window. Usually white color is used to paint iron, but sometimes metal color is left.

3.CONSTRUCTION

Steel tube is prefabricated unit used for connection corridors between main building and room sections. It is covered with white protective color..

frames

painted railes

5.PHOTOGRAPHY

Steel profil with painted surface was used for handrail, parapet railing, and staircase railing.

railes

75

construction MATERIAL SURVEY

STONE Cobblestone

STONE Small stone cubes cca 5x5x5cm maximum dimension, are used to pave outside areas and classrooms, using segmental arc pattern.

3.CONSTRUCTION

Efflorence DECAY OF STONE Efflorescence is a naturally occurring substance that appears as a white, powderlike deposit on the face of some concrete, stone, and masonry products. It is caused by soluble salt deposits in either the construction material (bricks, concrete paving stones, mortar, etc.) or the backfill behind the material. Efflorescence often diminishes with time as the soluble salts naturally “sweat out� of the source.

1

76

construction MATERIAL SURVEY

TILES locations

Ceramic tiles

bathroom

3.CONSTRUCTION

Unglazed ceramic tiles 100x100mm, with white surface, are used for covering floors and walls in bathroom areas.

Unglazed terracotta tiles 100x200mm with red, textured surface, are used for covering floor of main bulding garage -2 story, and for covering floors in loundry areas.

Terracotta tiles

garage floor

77

construction MATERIAL SURVEY

synthetics locations

Red rubber sheets 50x50cm are used for covering floor of metal tube, that is connector between main building and room sections.

Rubber 3.CONSTRUCTION

garage floor Linoleum is used for floors. This floor is no coupling, warm, supple, hardly flammable, sound deadening, easy to clean and maintain. For this reason it is used for rooms, common space before rooms and study areas. Used color is blue-grey.

Linoleum

garage floor

1

78

construction MATERIAL SURVEY

material map

3.CONSTRUCTION

79

2

stakeholders

Interests of different values

INHABITANTS (Students)

OWNERS (University)

CONSERVATORS

Age Value

Age Value

Age Value

To students, the completeness and the newness of the building are more imperative rather than any value given by the pass of the time.

Age value has the lowest rating.

Any damage caused by time or nature in the building is affecting the patrimonial value of it -as it is changing the original characteristics of the property.So the age value is also the lowest for owners.

use value

use value

One of the most important features of Tridente is its integration with the landscape through the use of terraces. Therefore, the pass of the time enriches that union. Also, some patina added by time to some materials, such as brick or concrete, testifies the age of the building.

So age value has a medium importance for conservators.

To students, the most important interest is the use value, since they live all their days in the building. If the building is totally usable, safe, efficient, and functional, it will be desirable for them.

The utility of the building is one of the main interests of the owners, in this case the University, because all the spaces are used by students , the Auditorium might be used by the town as well.

HISTORICAL VALUE

HISTORICAL VALUE

Since nowadays the buildings hardly cover the expectations of the students, the historical value is not essential to their consideration which leads to a quite low historical value.

Owners and technicians in charge of the building are conscious of the value of Tridente; nevertheless, they have not taken care of it sufficiently to preserve its historical value. It is not priority, but it has a relative importance.

use value 4.PROJECT

Use value has an intermediate relevance to conservators because it is decisive for the life of the building and its conservation that it is usable. Thus, the process of conservation should look for the update and adaption of the building to the new needs.

HISTORICAL VALUE This value has the highest evaluation because of the significance of Tridente and De Carlo in the history of the Modernism in Italy.

Fascinating ideas from De Carlo can be exclusively observed on this Collegio, as the relation private-public, building-nature and so on. Those ideas constitute Tridente into Heritage.

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VALUES ASSESSMENT Evaluation of the building value

Age Value

Current situation

The pass of the time is materially visible in Tridente. The incompleteness is not an importantissue; The material decay in some areas of the building is slightly contributing to the dissolution of forms and colors.

However, this process is not deep; but if it is not reversed, it could affect the Historical or Use Values in the future. Currently, the age value has a high ranking.

use value

4.PROJECT

In the current condition the use value in tridente is somehow not satisfying based on mixed reasons.

The major part of the building is currently working, although some areas do not accomplish the present necessities of the inhabitants in regard to technical or functional issues. Some space have become functionally obsolete, meanwhile others have been poorly adapted to recent requirements. Particularly, the building has been incompletely modified to meet the regulations nowadays, even creating new problems.

Therefore, although the building works for different purposes, it is not enough to present times.

historical value Some historical values that make Tridente a part of the Italian Heritage have been changed. The relation public-private, the original functions,the brutalist materials,the use of the open spaces promoting a sort of new ‘sociality’ -for instance, neglecting and changing the primary meaning of the building. In the present conditions, the Historical Value has one of the lowest evaluations. Therefore, any intervention should rescue those values trying to increase the historical value in the building, since the building has a patrimonial value.

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STRATEGY

Interests & Method: POINT OF BALANCE

balanced situation Age Value In the whole collegie, The age value has the lowest ranking among the interests of this conservation project since all the skateholders who took part in the building are not concerned about the incompleteness or the effects of the time on the building. Thus, this conservation project will not strengthen the factors which increase the age value.On the other hand, in order to increase more valuable values like use value,the age value will decrease.

use value

4.PROJECT

The use value is the most important purpose for the stakeholders involved in this process. As the use value of the building depends on the utility of it. The conservation project must search for the suitability of the space, adjusting the spaces (materially and functionally) to the needs of the inhabitants, taking into consideration the original purposes of Giancarlo de Carlo. Nevertheless, it is clear that needs and interests of the first students in 60’s have changed; hence, this conservation project will attempt to increase the use value of Collegio Tridente.

historical value The perception about the historical value is diverse to each stakeholder.While to conservators and owners is a priority to preserve it, to inhabitants is not that important. This balance try to get a medium point between those perceptions, knowing that Tridente has a patrimonial value and is part of the architectural history of Italy. The conservation project must increase dramatically this value, since in the Values Assessment the result are that the historical value is the lowest in the present conditions of the building.

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PROJECT CONSTRUCTION Based on issues

4.PROJECT

84

QR COLLEGIO Concept

TRIDENTE

4.PROJECT 85

QR COLLEGIO Concept

TRIDENTE As the big complex as the whole ERSU Urbino is, the idea is to introduce a mean of fast communication and acting, that will unify all campus. In the time when everyone is using smartphones, QR code was putting itself as a logical solution. A QR code (Quick Response Code) is a machine-readable optical label that contains information about the item to which it is attached. In such way, all Collegio could be organized as unique system.

In the way that Giancarlo De Carlo organized all Collegio with a specific function attached to every building, such as main restaurant, library,… the idea is to continue that organization, but with the help of modern technology, help students to experience all Collegio in the right way.

QR would be put throughout every Collegio, and it would be labeled to various services, such as restaurant, library, study and lectures, administration, emergency services, student services, informative and various student’s organizations.

Restaurant that is situated in the Tridente building, was meant to be the main canteen of all Collegio, but students are not using its full capacity. With the introduction of the QR code for restaurant, students should be able to choose their own menu, it means that every day or week they would have different menu and with the scanning of QR they can choose what will day eat for that day, and instead of using canteen cards, they will be able to pay food via phone application. Thus it will save the time of waiting in the queue. It would make also more economically rational food managing, as there will not be extra food that will finish in the dump. QR codes would be put in every room, big common spaces, restaurants,…

Study areas are not so many, but with this app students would have possibility to organize themselves better. Scanning the QR code they can see available places and can book those places. To make possible for them to take the place they had booked, tables would have also codes, so those codes can recognize students that have made booking. Again, codes would be spread everywhere.

In the similar manner would function library app, where students will be able to book a book they need.

4.PROJECT

Emergency service would be one really important app, as it affects the security and wellbeing of the students. This is important because the Collegio is huge, and in the situation of emergency, it could be a problem to find the source of emergency. With the help of QR code, students would be able to ask for help with the scanning of the code, which would immediately alarm the service and show the location of the problem.

QR codes could act also as locators, for different events, like student parties, meetings,… With scanning the code, it will recognize the exact location, where it is took, and in that way other people could be informed via social networks of location, where event is taking place. For all the other services QR code would have the same function, where the student will be able to make some action, or simply to be informed about events, that are taking place throughout Collegio. And to know better the environment, where they study and live, there are also QR codes with historical and basic information about buildings and nature, with videos and photos.

QR codes should help students to organize their communal lives much better, and to start to be more related, connected with the building. Furthermore, with the smallest intervention to building, the idea is to make big change to all Collegio.

86

QR COLLEGIO

QR code_helping everywhere

TRIDENTE

QR codes are everywhere. In every student room there is on the table with the list of explanations. Because there is five elementary QR codes with fixed color and usage, and a lot of changeable QR codes, connected with various students interests. The basic ones are: red-emergency, blue-administration, orange-canteen and green-study. The black ones are connected with student services and organization.

4.PROJECT

Black are always spread throughout all Collegio, in every common area, hall, advertising wall, everywhere where will attract attention of the students. Red one are always near meeting points, places where is easy to escape, or to be found, for instance every floor in front of rooms inside main hall, on the doors or where are fire extinguishers. The similar is situation with common areas, also near fire extinguishers, main staircases, emergency exits‌ Orange, can be found of course in canteen, but also in big common areas, like study rooms, libraries, living rooms. Green have the same distribution. Blue are connected with some administration services, as well as repairing services. They are not often, and are placed in big common places.

87

QR COLLEGIO

QR code_helping in eating

TRIDENTE

Going to canteen from other part of Collegio and finding bad food choice, is changed with QR_canteen.

Easy way of choosing favourite menu for every student, throughout all Collegio

4.PROJECT Accessing Tridente canteen, can be done from every room in Collegio by scanning QR code for canteen

88

Or from any common area, including the canteen itself

Then by entering menu, student can choose his and by it with canteen credits, instead of using card.The student receives order number, which is used after for picking order.

QR COLLEGIO

QR code_helping in studying

TRIDENTE

When the student doesn’t want to stay all time in his or her room, and fill better when studying with other people, study360 app helps students in finding available places. The first step is scanning QR for studying.

4.PROJECT

After scanning QR, student is booking a free found place. With successful booking, student gets a QR of the table.

When a student has arrived, he can use received QR code to find his spot. Passing with the phone around the room, blinking spot will appear. As every table has a unique QR code, app recognizes the right table.This helps in the situation, when the room has more available tables.

Finaly, student will scan again QR on the table. In that way, he will successfully confirm his booking.

89

CURTAINS Concept

TRIDENTE

4.PROJECT 90

CURTAINS Concept

TRIDENTE

Curtains are basically framed structural elements that act like separators of the space. But the idea is to distinguish smaller groups of people, which will fill privacy, without destroying unity of the big space. In that way curtains are light transparent textile materials, which slightly blurs the view, but doesn’t completely stop the same.

The structure is simple metal frame, with the T-shape legs. It is moveable and light, so they do not have one fixed place, but can be moved according to will and need of users. In that way, the concept of sociality should be improved. As Giancarlo De Carlo once said: “Only in small groups it is possible to be represented and recognized and have positive exchanges. Therefore, when it is really not possible to avoid putting together large numbers of people together we must decentralize, divide, break up the mass into many small groups in which individuals may continue to be reunited with their own particular aura of thought and actions and recognize themselves in themselves and in others�.

Furthermore, to help personal recognition and communication with others, the same curtains are able to be used as exhibition panels, as it is possible to attach lighter student products on them, or with some more technological means, like QR codes, the communication and experience of exhibition can be more interactive and interesting.

4.PROJECT 91

CURTAINS

Access to the canteen

Main building

4.PROJECT 92

48dpi dincond-light CURTAINS

WHAT TO PRESERVE

STRATEGY 18dpi Common space

Living room

HOW TO PRESERVE

original furniture. > DinCond-Light 14 dpi

to maintain the original atmosphere of the > DinCond-Light 14 dpi USE rooms and thus enhance the historical HFKASDFHKFH SE HFKASDFHKFH value of the building DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF

has to be preserved but adapted > DinCond-Light 14 dpiHFKASDFHKFH to ergonomic demands and moved FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF according to the new efficient layout

finishing14materials > DinCond-Light dpi

to> maintain the original DinCond-Light 14 dpiatmosphere HKFH FSSEof theHFKASDFHKFH rooms and thusFSF enhance FGDF the GDFhistorical GDFG value of the building.

DFGF

periodical maintenance > DinCond-Light 14 dpiDFHKFHis FSF requiered FGDF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Lightdoors 14 dpi

to maintain 14 thedpiauthentic > DinCond-Light SDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDFGdetails DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF

handles should be replaced to > DinCond-Light 14 dpi original F GDFG DFGF ones

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi HFKASDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

AGE VALUE

USE VALUE

HISTORICAL VALUE

Current Conditions

WHAT TO CHANGE

AGE VALUE

windows glass > DinCond-Light 14 dpi USE VALUE

WHY TO CHANGE it does not fulfill the use > DinCond-Light 14 dpiFHKFH FSF value or historical value FGDF GDFG DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF due> toDinCond-Light energy saving14reasons dpi SF and FGDFclimatic GDF situation the single glazed windows are not GDFG DFGF appropriate

HOW TO CHANGE replace the furniture with > DinCond-Light 14 dpi F FGDF GDFG contemporary movable furniture DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF suitable for different activities replace windows double > DinCond-Light 14 dpiwith GDFG DFGFGDF glazed profile with wooden frame GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi FHKFH FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi DF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi FSF FGDF GDF GDFG DFGF

>DinCond-Light 14 dpi DF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

HISTORICAL VALUE

4.PROJECT

newly added furniture > DinCond-Light 14 dpi

Balance Required

WHY TO PRESERVE

93

CURTAINS

Access to the canteen

Main building

4.PROJECT 94

CURTAINS

Common space

Living room

4.PROJECT 95

CURTAINS

Curtain structure

Main building

4.PROJECT 96

CURTAINS Image

Living room

4.PROJECT 97

ROOM UNIT

Common 8-rooms unit

dormitories

4.PROJECT 98

48dpi dincond-light ROOM UNIT

WHAT TO PRESERVE

STRATEGY 18dpi Values

DORMITORIES

WHY TO PRESERVE

HOW TO PRESERVE

original furniture. > DinCond-Light 14 dpi

to maintain the original atmosphere of the > DinCond-Light 14 dpi USE rooms and thus enhance the historical HFKASDFHKFH SE HFKASDFHKFH value of the building.

DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF

refurbishing furniture which have to be > DinCond-Light 14 dpiHFKASDFHKFH refurbished, and periodical maintenance FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF afterwards.

finishing14materials. > DinCond-Light dpi

to> maintain the original DinCond-Light 14 dpiatmosphere HKFH FSSEof theHFKASDFHKFH rooms and thusFSF enhance FGDF the GDFhistorical GDFG value of the building.

DFGF

periodical maintenance is needed. > DinCond-Light 14 dpiDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

AGE VALUE

USE VALUE

> DinCond-Lightdoors.

14 dpi

maintain the 14 authentic details. >toDinCond-Light dpi SDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF

refurbishment and14regular > DinCond-Light dpi maintenance.

F GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Lightstairs.

14 dpi

>toDinCond-Light dpi HFKASDFHmaintain the 14 authentic details.

KFH FSF FGDF GDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light dpi GDFG DFGFGDF refurbishment and14regular maintenance.

GDFG DFGF

HISTORICAL VALUE

Current Conditions

WHAT TO CHANGE

HOW TO CHANGE

common area is used like main kitchen by > DinCond-Light 14 dpiFHKFH FSF students, thus they have a lack of space FGDF GDFG DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG for other activities.

DFGF

returning the main canteen in Tridente, and > DinCond-Light 14 dpi F FGDF GDFG improving the food and service quality.

DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi SF FGDF GDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi FHKFH FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi DF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi FSF FGDF GDF GDFG DFGF

>DinCond-Light 14 dpi DF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

USE VALUE

HISTORICAL VALUE

4.PROJECT

function. > DinCond-Light 14 dpi AGE VALUE

Balance Required

WHY TO CHANGE

99

ROOM UNIT Concept

dormitories

4.PROJECT 100

ROOM UNIT

Common 8-rooms unit

dormitories

4.PROJECT 101

ROOM UNIT

Common 8-rooms unit

dormitories

4.PROJECT 102

ROOM UNIT

Common 8-rooms unit

dormitories

4.PROJECT 103

ROOM UNIT

Common 8-rooms unit

dormitories

4.PROJECT 104

TECHNICAL DETAILS Concept

tridente

4.PROJECT

Common space window detail proposal

(scale 1:40)

105

48dpi dincond-light TECHNICAL DETAILS

STRATEGY 18dpi Public space accessibility

Tridente

WHAT TO PRESERVE

WHY TO PRESERVE

The original design of the piazza. > DinCond-Light 14 dpi

It is a crucial part of the project, keeping > DinCond-Light 14 dpi USE all the values of the project.

HFKASDFHKFH SE HFKASDFHKFH DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF

Scheduled maintenance. > DinCond-Light 14 dpiHFKASDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

Original14materials. > DinCond-Light dpi

is the part of the original >ItDinCond-Light 14 dpi HKFHdesign.

FSSE HFKASDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDF GDFG DFGF

Scheduled14maintenance. > DinCond-Light dpiDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi SDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi F GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi HFKASDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

AGE VALUE

USE VALUE

HISTORICAL VALUE

Current Conditions

WHAT TO CHANGE 4.PROJECT

AGE VALUE

Accessibility of main piazza and ground > DinCond-Light 14 dpi floors of classrooms and ground floor of Tridente.

Putting non fixed ramp between main > DinCond-Light 14 dpi F FGDF GDFG connection of road and piazza, which can DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF be removed when not needed.

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi SF FGDF GDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi FHKFH FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi DF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi FSF FGDF GDF GDFG DFGF

>DinCond-Light 14 dpi DF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

HISTORICAL VALUE

106

HOW TO CHANGE

In order to make it > DinCond-Light 14 dpiFHKFH FSF accessible for disabled FGDF GDFG DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG people.

DFGF

USE VALUE

Balance Required

WHY TO CHANGE

HOW TO PRESERVE

TECHNICAL DETAILS

Accessibility of the public square

tridente

4.PROJECT 107

48dpi dincond-light TECHNICAL DETAILS

WHAT TO PRESERVE

STRATEGY 18dpi Outdoor staircase

The original staircase. > DinCond-Light 14 dpi

Dormitory

Scheduled maintenance. > DinCond-Light 14 dpiHFKASDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi HKFH FSSE HFKASDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpiDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi SDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi F GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi HFKASDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

USE VALUE

HISTORICAL VALUE

Current Conditions

WHAT TO CHANGE

WHY TO CHANGE

HOW TO CHANGE

4.PROJECT

Way of usage. > DinCond-Light 14 dpi

To make the terraces safer. > DinCond-Light 14 dpiFHKFH FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF

Preventing the frequent usage of stairs. > DinCond-Light 14 dpi F FGDF GDFG Open the closed stairs to unblock the DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF emergency routes/exits.

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi SF FGDF GDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi FHKFH FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi DF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi FSF FGDF GDF GDFG DFGF

>DinCond-Light 14 dpi DF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

AGE VALUE

USE VALUE

HISTORICAL VALUE

108

HOW TO PRESERVE

Preserving the age and historical value, > DinCond-Light 14 dpi USE keeping the original idea and original HFKASDFHKFH SE HFKASDFHKFH materials.

DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF

AGE VALUE

Balance Required

WHY TO PRESERVE

TECHNICAL DETAILS Outdoor staircase

Dormitory

4.PROJECT 109

48dpi dincond-light WINDOWS ISSUE

STRATEGY 18dpi Values

DORMITORIES

WHAT TO PRESERVE

WHY TO PRESERVE

HOW TO PRESERVE

All the original windows which can be > DinCond-Light 14 dpi repaired or in a good condition.

It is the part of the original design, keeping > DinCond-Light 14 dpi USE the autenticity of the building. Made of the HFKASDFHKFH SE HFKASDFHKFH original material according to the project.

DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF

Repairment of the damaged window parts, > DinCond-Light 14 dpiHFKASDFHKFH introducing the maintainance plan.

FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

The original14frame > DinCond-Light dpi system.

It is> the part of the 14 window, whichFSSE affects DinCond-Light dpi HKFH the appearanceFSFof FGDF the building.

HFKASDFHKFH GDF GDFG

Keep the original 14 design when replacing > DinCond-Light dpiDFHKFH FSF the windows, which are irrepairable.

FGDF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

AGE VALUE

DFGF

USE VALUE

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi SDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDFG DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi F GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi HFKASDFHKFH FSF FGDF GDF GDFG DFGF

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

HISTORICAL VALUE

Current Conditions

WHAT TO CHANGE 4.PROJECT

The windows which are in irrepairable > DinCond-Light 14 dpi condition.

Such windows dramatically decrease > DinCond-Light 14 dpiFHKFH FSF the use value which is important for the FGDF GDFG DFGFFSF FGDF GDFG students, who live in tridente.

DFGF

PVC windows,14which >TheDinCond-Light dpi were added.

Such windows decrease historical > DinCond-Light 14 dpi the SF FGDF GDF value, GDFGbecause DFGF they harmfully differ the appearance of the building.

Replace the single-layered > DinCond-Light 14 dpi glass in the window with the double-layered one.

The>single-layered not efficient DinCond-Lightglass 14 dpiisFHKFH FSF in termsDFGFFSF of transmittance.

FGDF GDFG FGDF GDFG DFGF

AGE VALUE

USE VALUE

HISTORICAL VALUE

Balance Required

110

WHY TO CHANGE

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi

> DinCond-Light 14 dpi FSF FGDF GDF GDFG DFGF

HOW TO CHANGE Replace the windows with the new ones, > DinCond-Light 14 dpi F FGDF GDFG made of timber, according to the original DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF project, but with addition of the double glass layer to increase efficiency.

Replace the windows withGDFG the new ones, > DinCond-Light 14 dpi DFGFGDF made timber, according to the original GDFGofDFGF project, but with addition of the double glass layer to increase efficiency. the additional14glass >Add DinCond-Light dpi DFlayer, GDFGwithout changing DFGFGDF the GDFGframe DFGFsystem, in order to keep the originallity. >DinCond-Light 14 dpi DF GDFG DFGFGDF GDFG DFGF

WINDOWS ISSUE

Detail (scale 1:20)

Solution

DORMITORIES

Summer situation

The careful but effective measure to increase the efficiency of the building windows is a usage of natural shading provided by the trees. Today, only the southern wing of tridente is protected from the sun with the forest, we propose the planting of a trees with dense greenery to decrease overheating in summer and, at the same time, let the sun get inside the rooms during winter, when the leaves are on the ground.

The addition of the second layer of the glass will decrease the U-value of the window, which will help to make the building more energy efficient.

4.PROJECT

Satellite image

Newly planted trees and bushes Proper density of vegetation

111

MATERIALS Concept

tridente

4.PROJECT 112

MATERIALS

Concrete | Spalling

tridente 1.HISTORY 2.USE 4.PROJECT

4.PROJECT 1

113

MATERIALS

Concrete | Spalling

tridente

4.PROJECT 114

MATERIALS

Concrete | Spalling

tridente

4.PROJECT 115

MATERIALS Concrete | Patina

tridente

4.PROJECT 116

MATERIALS Concrete | Graffiti

tridente

4.PROJECT 117

MATERIALS

Brick | Efflorescence

tridente

4.PROJECT 118

2

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