Test bank for the public speaking playbook 3rd edition teri kwal gamble michael w gamble 2

Test Bank for The Public Speaking Playbook, 3rd Edition, Teri Kwal Gamble, Michael W. Gamble

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Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021

Test Bank CHAPTER 7: INTEGRATING SUPPORT

Multiple Choice 1. The primary use of ______ is to support specific points, to engage the audience. a. examples b. definitions c. analogies d. statistics Ans: A Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Chapter Introduction Difficulty Level: Medium 2. The primary use of ______ is to explain words or concepts. a. examples b. definitions c. analogies d. statistics Ans: B Learning Objective: 7.3: Use and assess the effectiveness of facts and definitions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Chapter Introduction Difficulty Level: Medium 3. The primary use of ______ is to promote understanding via comparisons and contrasts. a. examples b. definitions c. analogies d. statistics Ans: C Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.4. Use Analogies Difficulty Level: Medium 4. The primary use of ______ is to strengthen claims and reinforce facts. a. examples

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 b. definitions c. analogies d. statistics Ans: D Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Chapter Introduction Difficulty Level: Medium 5. The primary use of ______ is to clarify, to evoke a sensory response. a. examples b. explanations and descriptions c. analogies d. testimony Ans: B Learning Objective: 7.2: Use and assess the effectiveness of explanations and descriptions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Chapter Introduction Difficulty Level: Medium 6. The primary use of ______ is to increase believability and credibility. a. examples b. explanations and descriptions c. analogies d. testimony Ans: D Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Chapter Introduction Difficulty Level: Medium 7. Which of the following are true for short examples? a. They support a general argument. b. They are typically a paragraph or more in length. c. When used in a series, they gain power. d. Short examples are equivalent to thesis statements.

Ans: C Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.1a. Short Examples Difficulty Level: Medium 8. Extended examples are also sometimes known as ______. a. illustrations b. episodes

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 c. stories d. metaphors Ans: A Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.1b. Narrative Examples Difficulty Level: Medium 9. When you use examples that have not actually occurred into your speeches, you are using ______ examples. a. hypothetical b. false c. theoretical d. fictional Ans: A Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: 7.1c. Hypothetical Examples Difficulty Level: Easy 10. In order for ______ to fulfill their purpose, audiences must accept that the fictional scenarios you create could really happen. a. analogies b. hypothetical examples c. definitions d. descriptions Ans: B Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.1c. Hypothetical Examples Difficulty Level: Medium 11. Which of the following is not a question you should ask yourself when assessing your examples? a. Is the example universal? b. Is the example vivid? c. Does the example clarify your message? d. Will your listeners be bored by the example?

Ans: D Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.1d. Assess the Power of Your Examples Difficulty Level: Medium 12. ______ examples are very much like stories. a. Extended

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 b. Short c. Hyperbolic d. Metaphoric Ans: A Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.1b. Narrative Examples Difficulty Level: Medium 13. In her speech, Jean provides an overview of the symptoms of a disease, and this facilitates the audience’s understanding of the respective disease. Jean uses ______. a. an explanation b. a definition c. a citation d. a script Ans: A Learning Objective: 7.2: Use and assess the effectiveness of explanations and descriptions.

Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: 7.2a. Explanations Difficulty Level: Medium 14. Speakers use descriptions for which of the following? a. to produce fresh and striking word pictures b. to provoke sensory reactions c. to create greater message vividness d. all of these Ans: D Learning Objective: 7.2: Use and assess the effectiveness of explanations and descriptions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.2b. Descriptions Difficulty Level: Medium 15. Why are definitions useful to your audience? a. They provide easier content for audience members to follow. b. They can trick your audience into believing your message. c. They can facilitate audience acceptance of a speaker’s ideas. d. They help your audience follow the outline of your speech.

Ans: C Learning Objective: 7.3: Use and assess the effectiveness of facts and definitions.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: 7.3. Use Definitions Difficulty Level: Medium

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 16. A definition does which of the following? a. They provide easier content for audience members to follow. b. They can trick your audience into believing your message. c. They help your audience follow the outline of your speech. d. They help bridge cultural divides.

Ans: D Learning Objective: 7.3: Use and assess the effectiveness of facts and definitions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.3b. How Do You Define a Word?

Difficulty Level: Medium 17. ______ are designed to clarify intended meanings of concepts. a. Descriptions b. Definitions c. Explanations d. Analogies Ans: B Learning Objective: 7.3: Use and assess the effectiveness of facts and definitions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.3c. Assess the Power of Your Definitions Difficulty Level: Medium 18. Which of the following is a question that you can ask yourself in order to assess your definition? a. Does my definition contribute to the overall goal and purpose of my speech? b. Is my definition easily understood? c. Am I consistent in the way I define or explain a term or problem? d. All of these are questions you can ask yourself.

Ans: D Learning Objective: 7.3: Use and assess the effectiveness of facts and definitions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.3c. Assess the Power of Your Definitions Difficulty Level: Medium 19. A/an ______ functions to increase understanding through comparison and contrast. a. definition b. explanation c. analogy d. hypothetical example Ans: C Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.4. Use Analogies Difficulty Level: Medium 20. A ______ compares two things from similar classes, for example, two viruses, two novels, or two crises. a. literal analogy b. metaphorical analogy c. figurative analogy d. hypothetical analogy Ans: A Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.4a. Literal Analogies Difficulty Level: Medium 21. A ______ compares two things that are distinctively dissimilar and that at first appear to have little in common with each other. a. literal analogy b. metaphorical analogy c. figurative analogy d. hypothetical analogy Ans: C Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.4b. Figurative Analogies Difficulty Level: Medium 22. The ______ is the difference between the highest and the lowest numbers in a series. a. mean b. median c. mode d. range Ans: D Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: 7.5a. Understand What Statistics Mean Difficulty Level: Easy 23. The ______ is the middle number in a group of numbers arranged in order from highest to lowest. a. mean b. median c. mode d. range

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Ans: B Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: 7.5a. Understand What Statistics Mean Difficulty Level: Easy 24. The ______ is the number that occurs most commonly in a group of numbers. a. mean b. median c. mode d. range Ans: C Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: 7.5a. Understand What Statistics Mean Difficulty Level: Easy 25. Which of the following is a question you should ask yourself when assessing your use of statistics? a. Is it all right if I don’t cite my source? b. Am I being totally honest in my use of these statistics? c. Have I backed up every claim with statistics? d. Are the statistics I used convincing?

Ans: D Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.5e. Assess Your Use of Statistics Difficulty Level: Medium 26. Factual information offered by biased sources may contain ______. a. omissions b. facts c. the truth d. definitions Ans: A Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.5c. Use Statistics Ethically Difficulty Level: Medium 27. When speakers use the opinions of others either to support positions they are taking or to reinforce claims they are making, they are using ______. a. credibility b. sources c. testimony

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 d. statistics Ans: C Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.6. Use Testimony Difficulty Level: Medium 28. ______ testimony is provided by sources recognized as authorities on your topic. a. Professional b. Expert c. Specialty d. Official Ans: B Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.6a. Expert Testimony Difficulty Level: Medium 29. A set of statistics cited in a speech can help to establish the problem’s magnitude by adding ______. a. context b. organization c. interpretation d. definitions Ans: A Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.5. Use Statistics Difficulty Level: Medium 30. When you present the opinions of people who are not necessarily recognized authorities, but “ordinary people” who have firsthand experience with the subject, you are presenting peer or ______ testimony. a. expert b. lay c. normal d. stranger Ans: B Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: 7.6b. Peer or Lay Testimony Difficulty Level: Easy 31. When watching a speech, the speaker should keep in mind that the audience members will have access only to the sources they identify ______.

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 a. through visuals b. through reference pages c. orally d. on their own Ans: C Learning Objective: 7.7: Properly cite support in a speech.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.7. Citing Sources in Your Speech Difficulty Level: Medium 32. In order for hypothetical examples to fulfill their purpose, audiences must accept that the ______ you create could really happen. a. fictional scenarios b. truths c. narrative images d. real scenarios Ans: A Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.1. Use Examples Difficulty Level: Medium 33. Expert testimony is provided by those cognized as ______ on your topic. a. contributors b. authorities c. speakers d. writers Ans: B Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.6. Use Testimony Difficulty Level: Medium

Fill-in-the-Blank 1. The primary use of ______ is to support specific points, to engage the audience.

Ans: examples Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Table 7.1. Support Difficulty Level: Medium 2. The primary use of ______ is to explain words and concepts.

Ans: definitions

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Learning Objective: 7.3: Use and assess the effectiveness of facts and definitions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Table 7.1. Support Difficulty Level: Medium 3. You can use ______ examples to support a specific point.

Ans: short Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: 7.1a. Short Examples Difficulty Level: Hard 4. Rather than being totally contrived, the hypothetical situations you cite will be a ______ of actual situations, people, or events.

Ans: synthesis Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.1. Use Examples Difficulty Level: Medium 5. ______ examples are very much like stories.

Ans: Extended Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.1b. Narrative Examples Difficulty Level: Medium 6. The use of ______ is to promote understanding via comparisons and contrasts.

Ans: analogies Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Chapter Introduction Difficulty Level: Medium 7. While speakers use ______ to clarify the unfamiliar for their receivers, they use ______ to produce fresh and striking word pictures designed to provoke sensory reaction.

Ans: explanations; descriptions Learning Objective: 7.2: Use and assess the effectiveness of explanations and descriptions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.2b. Descriptions Difficulty Level: Medium

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 1. A good ______ should not under-or-over explain, but facilitate audience understanding.

Ans: explanation Learning Objective: 7.2: Use and assess the effectiveness of explanations and descriptions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.2a. Explanations Difficulty Level: Medium 2. Definitions help bridge ______, enhance audience understanding, and facilitate audience acceptance of a speaker’s ideas.

Ans: cultural divides Learning Objective: 7.3: Use and assess the effectiveness of facts and definitions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.3. Use Definitions Difficulty Level: Medium 3. The two types of analogies are ______ and figurative.

Ans: literal Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.4b. Figurative Analogies Difficulty Level: Medium 4. A ______ analogy compares two things that at first appear to have little in common with each other.

Ans: figurative Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.4b. Figurative Analogies Difficulty Level: Medium 5. The ______ is the number obtained from adding all the numbers in the series and dividing that by the number of items.

Ans: mean Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.5a. Understand What Statistics Mean Difficulty Level: Medium 6. A set of statistics cited in a speech can help to establish the problem’s magnitude by adding ______.

Ans: context Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.5. Use Statistics Difficulty Level: Medium 7. ______ testimony is provided by sources recognized as authorities on your topic.

Ans: Expert Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.6a. Expert Testimony Difficulty Level: Medium 8. When speakers use the opinions of others either to support positions they are taking or to reinforce claims they are making, they are using ______.

Ans: testimony Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.6. Use Testimony Difficulty Level: Medium 9. ______ or lay testimony comes from people who are not recognized as authorities, but who have firsthand experience with the subject.

Ans: Peer Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.6. Use Testimony Difficulty Level: Medium 10. Expert testimony occurs when you cite an authority and establish his or her ______.

Ans: reputation Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.6. Use Testimony Difficulty Level: Medium 11. For speeches, testimony often works well because it lets the speaker borrow someone else’s ______.

Ans: credibility Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.6b. Peer or Lay Testimony Difficulty Level: Medium 12. Keep in mind that your audience members will have access only to the sources you identify ______.

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Ans: orally Learning Objective: 7.7: Properly cite support in a speech.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.7. Citing Sources in Your Speech Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False 1. By touching audience members in the way a generalization never could, an illustration helps the speaker pull listeners into the speech.

Ans: T Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: 7.1b. Narrative Examples Difficulty Level: Easy 2. You don’t need to tell your audience when an example you are using is hypothetical.

Ans: F Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: 7.1c. Hypothetical Examples Difficulty Level: Easy 3. Hypothetical examples are intended to trick your listeners into believing something that is not true.

Ans: F Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: 7.1c. Hypothetical Examples Difficulty Level: Easy 4. Extended examples are very much like stories.

Ans: T Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.1b. Narrative Examples Difficulty Level: Medium 5. The primary use of explanations and descriptions is to clarify and/or to evoke a sensory response.

Ans: T Learning Objective: 7.2: Use and assess the effectiveness of explanations and descriptions.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: 7.2. Use Explanations and Descriptions

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Difficulty Level: Easy 6. The primary use of analogies is to explain words and concepts.

Ans: F Learning Objective: 7.3: Use and assess the effectiveness of facts and definitions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Chapter Introduction Difficulty Level: Medium 7. Definitions help bridge cultural divides and enhance audience understanding.

Ans: T Learning Objective: 7.3: Use and assess the effectiveness of facts and definitions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.3. Use Definitions Difficulty Level: Medium 8. The primary use of analogies is to explain what words mean.

Ans: F Learning Objective: 7.3: Use and assess the effectiveness of facts and definitions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Chapter Introduction Difficulty Level: Medium 9. The two types of analogies are literal and figurative.

Ans: T Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.4b. Figurative Analogies Difficulty Level: Medium 10. Literal analogies are those that compare two things that first appear to have little in common with each other.

Ans: F Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.4b. Figurative Analogies Difficulty Level: Medium 11. “A horror movie is like a fairy tale on steroids” is an example of a figurative analogy.

Ans: T Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Answer Location: 7.4b. Figurative Analogies Difficulty Level: Medium 12. Testimony is like borrowing someone else’s credibility.

Ans: T Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.6c. Assess the Power of Your Testimony Difficulty Level: Medium 13. The statistics you choose to use can increase the impact of your points.

Ans: T Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.5b. Put Statistics to Use Difficulty Level: Medium 14. The mean is the number obtained from adding all the numbers in the series and dividing that by the number of items.

Ans: T Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.5a. Understand What Statistics Mean Difficulty Level: Medium 15. The number obtained from adding all the numbers in the series and dividing that by the number of items is called the median.

Ans: F Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.5a. Understand What Statistics Mean Difficulty Level: Medium 16. Presenting your statistics visually can make it easier for your audience to understand.

Ans: T Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.5d. Present Statistics Visually Difficulty Level: Medium 17. Expert testimony comes from “ordinary people” and provides the audience with the insight from those who have “been there.”

Ans: F Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Answer Location: 7.6. Use Testimony Difficulty Level: Medium 18. Testimony does not work because you are taking someone else’s credibility.

Ans: F Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.6b. Peer or Lay Testimony Difficulty Level: Medium 19. Peer or lay testimony comes from people who are not recognized as authorities, but who have firsthand experience with the subject.

Ans: T Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.6. Use Testimony Difficulty Level: Medium 20. Supporting materials are evaluated twice: initially by the speaker, and subsequently by receivers.

Ans: T Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.6a. Expert Testimony Difficulty Level: Medium 21. Quoting an archeologist while giving a speech on the new discovery of fossil remains in New Zealand is an example of expert testimony.

Ans: T Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: 7.6a Expert Testimony Difficulty Level: Hard 22. The audience members will have access only to the sources the speaker identifies through visuals.

Ans: F Learning Objective: 7.7: Properly cite support in a speech.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.7. Citing Sources in Your Speech Difficulty Level: Medium 23. The range measures the dispersion of values.

Ans: T Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Answer Location: 7.5. Use Statistics Difficulty Level: Easy 24. A percentage is a part of the whole expressed in thousands.

Ans: F Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: 7.5. Use Statistics Difficulty Level: Easy 25. Speakers use figurative analogies to awaken the collective imagination of the audience—to prod them into accepting that two things that appear to have little, if anything, in common, actually share one or more vital similarities.

Ans: T Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.4b. Figurative Analogies Difficulty Level: Medium 26. In statistics, the mean is the number that occurs most frequently in a list of values.

Ans: F Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.5. Use Statistics Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer/Essay 1. What are the different types of examples? Define each.

Ans: Answer will typically include: Short, Narrative, Hypothetical—Short examples are used to support a specific point; extended examples are also called illustrations, narratives, or anecdotes. More detailed and vivid than brief examples, extended examples are built very much like a story. They open, reveal a complication, contain a climax, and describe a resolution; when you integrate brief or extended examples that have not actually occurred but could happen into your speeches, you are using hypothetical examples.

Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.1. Use Examples Difficulty Level: Medium 2. What are narrative examples?

Ans: Answer will typically include: Extended examples are also called illustrations, narratives, or anecdotes. More detailed and vivid than brief

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 examples, extended examples are built very much like a story: They open, reveal a complication, contain a climax, and describe a resolution. Though narrative examples are longer, and thus take up more time, when well-planned and placed they are also more emotionally compelling and add a real sense of drama to the speech.

Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: 7.1. Use Examples Difficulty Level: Easy 3. How can hypothetical examples be used efficiently?

Ans: Answer will typically include: When you integrate brief or extended examples that have not actually occurred but could happen into your speeches, you are using hypothetical examples. Speakers are ethically bound to let audiences know whenever they use one. In order for hypothetical examples to fulfill their purpose, audiences must accept that the fictional scenarios you create could really happen. The function of hypothetical examples is not to trick your listeners into believing something that is not true. Rather, you use hypothetical examples when you are unable to find a factual example that suits your purpose, you want to exaggerate your point, or you want to encourage your audience members to imagine facing a particular scenario. Sometimes, rather than being totally contrived, the hypothetical situations you cite will be a synthesis of actual situations, people, or events. But be careful. If you use a hypothetical example that is too far-fetched, audience members won’t judge it credible.

Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.1. Use Examples Difficulty Level: Medium 4. How can a speaker assess the power of their examples?

Ans: Answer will typically include: Whether you use real or hypothetical, brief or extended examples, what matters most is that they reinforce, clarify, and personalize your ideas, as well as relate directly to your listeners. If you think of yourself as a storyteller, and each example as a key part of your story, then you’ll be better able to use your words, your voice, and your body to paint mental pictures that engage, touch, and bring your listeners into the center of your story’s plot. To do this successfully, you need to search for and/or create examples that your listeners can get excited about and identify with. Use the following checklist to gauge the power of each example. Is the example universal? Does the example involve people? Does the example make an abstract idea more concrete? Does the example clarify your message? Is the example directly relevant to your message? Is the example vivid—that is, is it filled with detail? Can you relate the example to your audience without relying excessively on your notes? Can you use speaking rate and volume to increase the impact of the example? Will your listeners readily identify with the example?

Will your listeners accept the example as credible?

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Learning Objective: 7.1: Use and assess the effectiveness of examples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.1. Use Examples Difficulty Level: Medium 5. Define analogies and offer two examples.

Ans: Answer will typically include: An analogy aims to explain one thing by comparing it to another. Like the definition, the analogy functions to increase understanding, but unlike the definition, it does so through comparison and contrast. There are two main types of analogies: literal and figurative; literal example, if you liked the TV show Family Guy, you’ll also love Big Mouth; figurative example, a student giving a speech on horror movies made use of a figurative analogy in his speech, noting “A horror movie is like a fairy tale on steroids.”

Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.4. Use Analogies Difficulty Level: Medium 6. Describe literal analogies and give an example.

Ans: Answer will typically include: A literal analogy compares two things from similar classes, for example, two viruses, two novels, or two crises. When delivering a speech on why we love horror movies, a student used a literal analogy, noting “If you loved the film Saw, you’ll also love The Grudge. Both films are cut from the same cloth.” Another student used a literal analogy to compare the Dodge Intrepid to a NASCAR vehicle, noting that when accelerating in her Intrepid, she felt like she was beginning a NASCAR race. She then went on to describe the engine characteristics of NASCAR race cars that share much in common with the engine in the Intrepid. As long as the things being compared are close enough to one another, the speaker will benefit from using a literal analogy. Because literal analogies tend to come off as more logical than emotional, the audience is likely to accept them as true.

Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: 7.4. Use Analogies Difficulty Level: Medium 7. How can speakers use definitions? What is the purpose of using definitions in your speech?

Ans: Answer will typically include: Definitions help bridge cultural divides, enhance audience understanding, and facilitate audience acceptance of a speaker’s ideas. Definitions are especially useful when your audience members are unfamiliar with the way you are using key terms, or when they might have associations for words or concepts that differ from your own; when you take your definition from a dictionary, you invest the meaning you cite with a degree of authority and credibility; definitions are intended to increase listener

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 understanding or acceptance of your ideas. By helping you explain the nature of a term or situation to your audience members, a definition may help you inform and persuade them.

Learning Objective: 7.3: Use and assess the effectiveness of facts and definitions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.3. Use Definitions Difficulty Level: Medium 8. Discuss and exemplify why we use explanations in our speeches.

Ans: Answer will typically include: We use explanations to clarify what we have said. This type of support helps engage our listeners in our topic.

Learning Objective: 7.2: Use and assess the effectiveness of explanations and descriptions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.2. Use Explanations and Descriptions Difficulty Level: Medium 9. Discuss and exemplify why we use descriptions in our speeches.

Ans: Answer will typically include: We use descriptions to help our audience imagine they can see, hear, smell, touch, taste, or feel what we do. This type of support helps engage our listeners in our topic.

Learning Objective: 7.2: Use and assess the effectiveness of explanations and descriptions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.2. Use Explanations and Descriptions Difficulty Level: Medium 10. Discuss and exemplify the benefits of each way you could define a word.

Ans: Answer will typically include: A dictionary definition lends a degree of authority and credibility. An original definition could help audience members share your personal meaning for a word and could help make the speaker– audience connection more intense. Definitions supplied by experts also could help precipitate audience understanding and acceptance.

Learning Objective: 7.3: Use and assess the effectiveness of facts and definitions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.3. Use Definitions Difficulty Level: Medium 11. How can a speaker gauge the power of the definitions they use in their speech?

Ans: Answer will typically include: Does my definition contribute to the overall goal and purpose of my speech? Is my definition easily understood? Am I consistent in the way I define or explain a term or problem? Will audience members readily accept my definition?

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Learning Objective: 7.3: Use and assess the effectiveness of facts and definitions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.3. Use Definitions Difficulty Level: Medium 12. How can a speaker access the power of their analogies? Give a checklist.

Ans: Answer will typically include: Analogies enhance audience understanding and acceptance of a message by making the unfamiliar familiar or prompting audience members to use their imagination to consider the point being made— Does the analogy have a clear purpose within the context of the speech? Is the analogy easily understood? Is the analogy easily visualized? Is the analogy original? Is the analogy apt and descriptive?

Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.4c. Assess the Power of Your Analogies Difficulty Level: Medium 13. Why do we use statistics in speeches?

Ans: Answer will typically include: We use statistics to clarify and strengthen our ideas and claims, to express the seriousness of a situation, and/or the magnitude of a problem.

Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: 7.5. Use Statistics Difficulty Level: Hard 14. What do statistics mean for a speech?

Ans: Answer will typically include: You need to be able to distinguish among common statistical measures such as range, mean, median, mode, and percentage. The range measures the dispersion of values; it is computed by determining the difference between the highest and lowest number in a list of numbers. The mean is the arithmetic average; it is computed by adding together all the data points in a population and dividing by the total number of data points.

The median is the center point or middle number in a sequence of numbers. The mode is the number that occurs most frequently in a list of values. Though all three may be referred to by the term “average,” the mean, median, and mode are different measures and potentially could be used to mislead those who fail to understand the difference between each measure. A percentage is a part of the whole expressed in hundredth.

Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.5. Use Statistics Difficulty Level: Medium 15. How should a speaker present statistics in their speech? Give an example.

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Ans: Answer will typically include: A visual aid can save time and make it easier for the audience to understand the significance of the statistical evidence you cite. Suppose, for example, you chose to speak on the prevalence of certain kinds of cancer in women and men. In the course of your presentation, you might well include a number of these findings: in women, breast, lung, and colorectal are the three types of cancer most expected to be diagnosed, while in men it’s prostrate, lung, and colorectal cancer. These are interesting findings, but they probably would be even more effective if displayed on a simple graphic.

Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.5. Use Statistics Difficulty Level: Medium 16. What are common statistical measures? Define each.

Ans: Answer will typically include: You need to be able to distinguish among common statistical measures such as range, mean, median, mode, and percentage. The range measures the dispersion of values; it is computed by determining the difference between the highest and lowest number in a list of numbers. The mean is the arithmetic average; it is computed by adding together all the data points in a population and dividing by the total number of data points.

The median is the center point or middle number in a sequence of numbers. The mode is the number that occurs most frequently in a list of values. Though all three may be referred to by the term “average,” the mean, median, and mode are different measures and potentially could be used to mislead those who fail to understand the difference between each measure. A percentage is a part of the whole expressed in hundredths.

Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.5. Use Statistics Difficulty Level: Medium 17. How can a speaker gauge how useful and effective statistics would be in their speech?

Ans: Answer will typically include: The speaker should ask themselves the following questions—Are the statistics representative of what I claim they measure? Am I being totally honest in my use of these statistics? Have I obtained my statistics from a reliable source that has no vested interest in the figures? Have I interpreted the statistics correctly? Have I used statistics sparingly? Have I explained my statistics creatively? Have I rounded off my statistics to facilitate understanding? Have I used a visual aid to increase the memorability of my statistics? Have I provided context for the statistics? Have I used statistics to clarify and enlighten rather than confound and confuse? Are the statistics I used complete and current?

Learning Objective: 7.5: Use and assess the effectiveness of statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.5. Use Statistics

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Difficulty Level: Medium 18. What is peer or lay testimony?

Ans: Answer will typically include: In contrast to expert testimony, peer or lay testimony comes from people who are not necessarily recognized authorities, but “ordinary people” who have firsthand experience with the subject. Peer or lay testimony provides audience members with greater personal insight; such a speaker shares the feelings, the reactions, and the knowledge of individuals who have “been there.”

Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: 7.6b. Peer or Lay Testimony Difficulty Level: Easy 19. How can the speaker assess the power of the testimonies used in their speech?

Ans: Answer will typically include: They should consider—Have I clearly identified the source of the testimony? Is the source I cite recognizable, objective, and credible? Is the testimony I am using absolutely relevant to my presentation?

Have I quoted or paraphrased the source accurately and used his or her words in proper context? Have I used verbatim quotations whenever possible? Have I used lay or peer testimony to enhance the audience’s ability to identify with my topic? Did I use the most up-to-date testimony available? Have I stressed the source’s qualifications so audience members will not have to strain to find his or her statement credible?

Learning Objective: 7.6: Use and assess the effectiveness of testimony.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.6b. Peer or Lay Testimony Difficulty Level: Medium 20. Why is it important to orally cite your sources?

Ans: Answer will typically include: To enhance your credibility, you need to tell audience members where you got your information, and what makes its credible.

You can do this by giving proper credit in your speech. Thus, also avoids plagiarism or making your audience believe another’s words or research is your own.

Learning Objective: 7.7: Properly cite support in a speech.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: 7.6. Use Testimony Difficulty Level: Hard 21. What is the benefit of using literal analogies in your speech?

Ans: Answer will typically include: A literal analogy compares two things from similar classes, for example, two viruses, two novels, or two crises. As long as the things being compared are close enough to one another, the speaker will

Test Bank for The Public Speaking Playbook, 3rd Edition, Teri Kwal Gamble, Michael W. Gamble

Gamble, The Public Speaking Playbook 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 benefit from using a literal analogy. Because literal analogies tend to come off as more logical than emotional, the audience is likely to accept them as true.

Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.4a. Literal Analogies Difficulty Level: Medium 22. What is the primary purpose of using analogies in speeches?

Ans: Answer will typically include: Your primary purpose in using an analogy is to explain the unfamiliar by relating it to something the audience is more familiar with. The essential similarities inherent in your analogies should be readily apparent. If you strain to create them, audience members may conclude that your analogies are far-fetched, inappropriate, unbelievable, or unpersuasive.

Learning Objective: 7.4: Use and assess the effectiveness of analogies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: 7.4b. Figurative Analogies Difficulty Level: Medium

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