Washington State University Arch 401 Final Booklet

Academic Design Research

Architecture 401: Fall 2022

Voiland College of Engineering & Architecture

Washington State University @2022

Project Authors

Dinna Bekalu

Vahid Vahdat - Professor

Amy Borer

Veronica Daudelin

Ethyn Copp-Fukuda

Anh Ngo - Editor

Sydney Troy - Editor

Rosalva Estrada

Mauro Cabrera Garcia

Dorothy Greenhalge

Wendy Hamblin

Luke Nye

Van Nguyen

Cooper Ray

Dylan Moyano

Thane Sautanthavibul

Liam Schill

Dakota Witte

Chenlu Zhang

Project Introduction

Architecture 401 Studio

Architectural Design V Fall 2022

This studio is focused on the development of stranger things with the implementation and exploration of new AI technologies. The overarching project for this studio is the design of the Schweitzer Engineering Hall on the Washington State University Pullman campus. The structure of this course is broken into five main parts used to develop this project; charrette, design research, space planning, virtual crafting, and representation.

Throughout this booklet will be the pre-design work produced by the students of this studio. The projects presented will be the design research for the Schweitzer Engineering building, precedent studies of previous academic student buildings, and fantastic beasts.

Thank you for taking the time to look through this booklet and acknowledge the work created by these students.

TABLEOF CONTENTS

PReceDent stuDy

Trent University Student Centre 11

Bill and Melinda Gate Center 29 ......................

George Town Student Center 69

Lowman Student Center 83

Campus Instructional Facility (CIF) 51 Haibing Center of Nankai University 97

09 111

Design ReseaRch

Fantastic Beast

159

Walking Pillar 163 ......................

Frieden Paix

Fantastic Beast - C.Z Fantastic Beasts - W.H

Wallychomp

Dancing Little Droplets

Abandoned Phone Booth

Map 161 ...................... ......................

Haunted HVAC

Fantastic Beasts - L.S

Thompson Building

Vent Visitor E.T Echo System

...................... ......................

Night Pod by

...................... ......................

Library BowelsMoyano

Vanish Abelson Greenhouse

165 173 187

167 175 189

169 177 191

171 179 193

183

185

181 195

PROJECT OVERVIEW:

To obtain the information required for schematic design, two sets of research will be conducted: one on context and the other on precedents. When studying your subject, it is important to think about how the information will be used in design. This should be the inclusion/exclusion criteria for any data presented in the book.

1)

Provides enough information where the audience are able to develop a clear understanding of the space with the possibility of identifying and recreating the space layout.

Provides programmatic complexities of the space which includes both public and private space and any features that makes the building unique.

To achieve this goal, students were asked to provide an indexicality study consisting of diagrammatic abstractions of the building. Programmatic diagrams cluster similar activities into simplified zones and display adjacencies and relationships while circulation diagrams show the means of horizontal and vertical access by different users (e.g. the way a staff member circulates in the space my differ from other users). Exploded axonometric diagrams were made to make sure the diagrams convey such complexities both in the plan and in the section.

PRECEDENT STUDY

TRENT UNIVERSITY STUDENT CENTRE

Amy Borer, Anh Ngo, & Sydney Troy

TRENT UNIVERSITY STUDENT CENTRE

Location: Peterborough, ON

Square Footage: 35,307 GSF

Architect: Teeple Architects

Building Description:

The Trent University Student Centre was completed in 2017 for educational use for students and faculty at Trent University. The design was meant to be a centre for connection, where users gain a sense of connection to the university, the natural environment, and each other. The project’s primary goals were to connect users to the surrounding riverside landscape as well as connect users to one another. Teeple Architects successfully created this sense of connection by creating a focal point at the forum for increased user interaction as well as providing numerous outdoor areas throughout the centre and panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.

Bird Eye View

East-West Section

Second Floor View of Open Forum and Tierd Seating

Second Floor Forum

Second Floor Student Association Meeting Rooms and Offices

BILL AND MELINDA GATES CENTER

Jacob Kunz, Liam Schill, & Chenlu Zhang

BILL & MELINDA GATES CENTER FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Location: Seattle, WA

Square Footage: 138,670 sqf

Architect: LMN

Building Description:

The Bill & Melinda Gates Center doubles the capacity of the University’s School of Computer Science and establishes a new standard for the study of computer science to attract a broad and diverse student population.

The Bill & Melinda Gates Center doubles the capacity of the University’s School of Computer Science and establishes a new standard for the study of computer science to attract a broad and diverse student population. The building enhances the School’s connections to the campus, community, and thriving local technology sector, and through its spatial and programmatic synergies with the Paul G. Allen Center for Computer Science, creates a new hub of interdisciplinary research and learning.

The central atrium provides visual and physical connections across the building and functions as the School’s cultural heart. The design serves to encourage interaction between students and researchers, furthering the department’s reputation for innovation and cross-disciplinary collaboration. The site design unites the surrounding engineering buildings through an integrated plaza, enhancing pedestrian connections, and creating a major campus connection along the northern edge of the building.

First

Section North - South

Entrance Hall

CAMPUS INSTRUCTIONAL FACILITY (CIF)

Dinna Bekalu, Wendy Hamblin, Dylan Moyano, & Dakota Witte

CAMPUS INSTRUCTIONAL FACILITY (CIF)

Location: 1405 W Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801

Square Footage: 122,000 GSF

Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM)

Building Description:

This project’s goal was to focus on creating a space for students to expand their education while encouraging collaboration and familiarization with their fellow peers. To achieve this, the facility emphasized a combination of active-learning spaces along with distance-learning environments. These environments take advantage of cutting-edge innovation technology that inspire students to pressure professional development in these spaces. With collaboration from both students and faculty, dedicated spaces for programs such as the Professional Masters Programs in Engineering and The Academy for Excellence in Engineering Education were implemented into the design of the building.

Some notable benefits to this structure are the strong attention to detail in the spatial design along with the implementation of new technologies that encourage hands-on learning all while achieving a net zero operational carbon footprint. Some of the most notable spaces of this design are the smaller collaboration hubs located on each floor to encourage student interactions and communication of ideas. A central staircase leads occupants to each floor while staying open so visitors are provided with views across all floors that highlight some of the buildings nearby historical structures such as Bardeen Quadrangle and the Grainger Engineering Library. This building achieves sustainability to strive for by creating classrooms that can be reconfigured as the needs of the school changes. The facility is wrapped in clad brick with large curtains of glass. Designing the exterior of the building this way pays respect to the materials used throughout UIUC’s campus while embracing the future of design and of the campus as a whole.

With a mixture of both large and small classrooms the CIF building is able to host a variety of educational opportunities. Each of these spaces are outfitted with new innovative technology. A conscious decision to design many classrooms with movable furniture gives the facility the opportunity to grow and expand as the university’s needs change. Additionally, as the floor plans show, designers of the CIF separated the large classrooms from the small by placing them on opposite sides of the building.

The structure’s main floor is home to a small café and seating area that encourages interactions amongst students. This main floor also contains a large student hub with projector that showcases student projects and designs. Each floor hold’s small student gathering hubs that yet again encourage student to get to know their fellow peers. Spaces vary is size and location so students may choose what type of environment they would be the most comfortable in. One common factor these spaces share however is a strong connection to the environment, large glass curtain walls blanket each of these spaces.

GEORGE TOWN STUDENT CENTER

Ethyn Copp-Fukuda, Luke Nye, & Cooper Ray

STUDENT CENTER AT GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY

Location: 3700 Tondorf Rd, Washington, DC 20007

Square Footage: 45,000 ft2

Architect: Ikon.5 Architects

Building Description:

The Student Center at Georgetown University has been recently renovated from its previous mid-century residence hall to a new student center. This student center has been deemed as a LEED certified students center. Achieving the status of LEED gold as it has been fitted with features such as a stone clad green wall, becoming a bio-friendly addition, along with many other design features. Students have access to numerous spaces that accommodate for their vast needs. Such examples would be various study rooms, meeting rooms, student lounge,TV lounge, musical practice rooms, smoothie cafe, a pub, and many more.

First Floor Massing

The first floor of the Georgetown University center features two subtractions of the overall mass of the structure. One making room for the smaller outdoor courtyard and the second towards the North direction being for the larger student courtyard. This form allows for direct sunlight on the student study region as well as the outdoor patio area towards the front of the building.

Second Floor Massing

Following the diagram layout we make our way up to the second floor. The second floor removes a large chunk of massing in the North facing portion of the building. The subtraction makes room for the skylight design that allows for natural light to fill the student study space. The sun path diagram also illustrates the direct solar gain of the small cut out in the middle of the western region of the structure. Allowing for spaces near it to receive much needed lighting.

Third Floor Massing

The structure was used as a residence hall for the students prior to the renovations and the remaining floors will continue to serve that function. Allowing for no loss of student housing as well as a newly designed space to meet students needs throughout their academic careers at Georgetown University.

Massing Diagram

Massing Diagram 1

The overall square footage of the Student Center at Georgetown University is 45,000sf

Massing Diagram 2

The first massing diagram illustrates the subtracting masses that make up the two court year areas. The far left subtraction features a small gathering of trees as well as an entry way. The far right subtraction is where the library walk is located. Featuring a larger courtyard for students to gather.

Massing Diagram 3

Following massing diagram demonstrated another subtraction to make room for natural light. The natural light was designed to enter the East and West Great rooms as well as study spaces.

Massing Diagram 4

Next massing diagram showcases yet another subtraction that utilizes natural light to enter into segments of the third floor. Making up for a smaller court yard for additional study use.

As a final result we are left with the finalized form of the Student Center at Georgetown University. Featuring numerous design features that has earned this building a LEED gold certification.

Final Massing Diagram

Circulation throughout the building is accessible through multiple Pathways. And entrances on the Northern side alongside the Eastern Side. The Northern side of the structure has a courtyard that can access The front door however does not ascend. Traveling upward revels Around stairways and elevators. In the central room there exists a Fireplace which can be seen through as well as traveled through from North to South. Large spaces have plenty of space to travel. The spaces Include musical spaces and theaters in order to help student preform And practice.

Level 2 circulation is fairly simplistic as hallways lead directly to separate rooms on either side of the circulation path. Rooms out to the sides have ways of being entered through one another in most situations similar to that of the first level. Dance studios are present in the spaces and are more out of the way than central use spaces. The second layer of the building is full of dormitories and living spaces is fairly simplistic as hallways lead discreetly to separate rooms on either side of the circulation path. Rooms out to the sides have ways of being entered through one another in most situations similar to that of the first level. Dance studios are present in the spaces and are more out of the way than central use spaces. The second layer of the building is full of dormitories and living spaces

South North Section South North Section -Light Diagram

Exterior View of the Southern Side of he building

Interior Gathering Space on the First Floor

Central Fireplace Seating on the First Floor

LOWMAN STUDENT

CENTER

Mauro Cabrera Garcia, Thane Sautanthavibul, & Van Nguyen

SAM HOUSTON STATE UNIVERSITY LOWMAN STUDENT CENTER

Location: Huntsville, TX

Square Footage: 225,000 GSF

Architect: EYP

Building Description:

The Lowman Student Center was built in 1963. It was remodeled in 2017 and the renovation project completed in 2020 with a total of 205,000 sq. ft. The renovation was to accommodate the growing population of Sam Houston State University. The design was to invite more students into the building to collaborate. The design is to have a central living room to let in natural sunlight with the atrium to connect the existing building with the new. It has pool tables, ping pong tables, a bowling alley and much more to attract students to utilize the space. There are many meeting rooms that are configured for each specific need such as meetings, presentations and lectures. The design ensures students to be successful with accommodations for all their needs.

KAT KLUB

TAVERN

Third Floor Massing

Second Floor Massing

First Floor Massing

HAIBING CENTER OF NANKAI UNIVERSITY

Veronica Daudelin, Rosalva Estrada & Dorothy Greenhalge

HAIBING CENTER OF NANKAI UNIVERSITY

Location: Tianjin, China

Square Footage: 71,709 GSF

Architect: Vector Architects

Building Description:

Nankai University’s Haibing Center was renovated in 2019. The project’s goal was to revitalize the old campus by encouraging students, faculty, and alumni by providing a multi-functional cultural space.

The Haibang Center is an attempt to more authentically preserve and unite the new and old textures of campus.

Vector Architects worked with two bodies of water that had very different atmospheres in terms of scale, vegetation, and daylighting environment. The design of a plaza was one way they made it visually and spatially link to the south entrance linking to the Grand Hall entrance while preserving as much of the existing tree as possible. In order to make the grand hall more vertically spacious and tall, a concrete roof was added.

Conference Room Storage Room 103

Program Key: Bathroom

Reception hall Elevator

Memorial Gallery Roof garden

storage conference elevator reception conference network broadcast classroom admin office Lobby

Conference Program Key: Alumni

lobby

banquet hall restrooms storage

alumni reception hall

conference

gallery

Office Network broad cast classorm Admin Office Grand hall Gallery Multi-functional auditorium Banquet hall

reception hall Eqipment Fire control Electrical

Colonnade South End and Lakeshore

View of Grand Hall to the Horseshoe Lake

Public Plaza

South Elevation

Project Overview:

To obtain the information required for schematic design, two sets of research will be conducted: one on context and the other on precedents. The context study will consist of two phases. All research will be compiled into an online book, as each topic will become a separate chapter. Chapters should have an introduction, conclusion, and a SWOT table.

1) 2) 3)

Site Study: The understanding of the building’s site, composed of natural elements such as vegetations and animals that roams around the location and weather.

Demographic Study: The understanding of Pullman’s overall population for better context of who the building will be catered for and what features should be included to better accommodate the occupants.

To accomplish this goal, infographics and data visualization are used to present clear information required to better understand the overall context needed before designing process.

CONTEXT

STUDY

Site Context

Jacob Kunz, Luke Nye, Van Nguyen, & Dinna Tesfaye

NATURAL AND GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Surrounding Green Spaces and Parks

The nearest surrounding green spaces both on and off campus are important to our site in how they become effected by the changes within our site. While our site does contain some foliage, the greater context should become the focus when designing with nature in mind. In which ways does the overall microecosystem become affected by adding our design to the landscape.

For Design, Nearby Greenspace can be considered.

WSU Tree Inventory and Index

Pullman falls into the Washington Steppe classification defined as having zonal soils too dry for trees and perennial grasses dominating the climate

Some of the most common trees found on site include: Mugo pine, Black

Common smaller vegeation include: wheat grass (Agropyron Spicatum), balsam root (Balsamorhiza Sagitta)

Both freezing weather and heat must be accounted for in the design.

having considerable freezing weather but abudnant sumer heat, having climate climaxes

AP A 12 A 13 B 21

Soil Composition and Layers

The soil on our site comprises of four distinct layers that we should consider in our design process: AP soil, A12 soil, A13 soil, and B21 soil.

AP Soil: Dark grey/brown silt loam, moderate fine granular structure making it easy to dig up, many fine roots found here (0” - 7” below grade)

A12 Soil: Dark grey/brown silt, posesses a weak medium granular structure (7” - 14” below grade)

A13 Soil: Gray/brown silt loam, a weak fine sub granular blocky structure (14” - 24” below grade)

B21 Soil: Brown silt loam, a prismatic structure making it tough, hard and firm with many fine pores and little to no roots (24” - 60” below grade)

Black Locust, White Fur, Hedge Maple, and Colorado Spruce

Spicatum), bunch grass (Festuca Idahoensis), bluegrass (Poa Sanbergii), and

Wind Direction

Wind Direction and Speed

The average hourly wind speed experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year. The windier part of the year last 6.6 months from October 23rd to May 11th with an average wind speed of more than 6.2 miles per hour.

The predominant hourly wind direction varies throughout the year as well. The wind is most often from the West for 7.6 months from March 8th to October 26th, second most often from the South for 3 months in the winter.

Air Quality

For the last month, the AQI (Air Quality Index) has seen a steady increase in Pollutants in the air along with a large jump around September 9th due to wildfires near the Palouse region. This fire season starts in early July and culminates in late September with precipitation returning to the region.

Wildfires increase air pollutants.

Average Wind Speed

Average Monthly Rainfall

Hours of Daylight and Twilight

Rainfall

Rain falls throughout the year in Palouse, the month with the most rain is Palouse in November with an average rainfall of 2.4 inches.

The month with the least rain is August, with an average of 0.5 inches.

The Pacific Ocean is the primary weather generator for this region but is tempered by the influence of the continental air mass which results for the extreme range in temperatures and weather.

Rainfall must be able to drain out of structure

Sun

Sunlight varies over the year with the shortest day in 2022 being December 21st, with 8 hours, 31 minutes. The longest day is Jun 21st with 15 hours, 53 minutes of daylight.

Designs for multiple sun positions can work.

Temperatures and Climate

Extremely low winter temperatures are not common and occur only when the air mass can pass over the Rocky Mountain. Cyclonic precipitation occurs through the year expect in July and August. The transition from a relatively cool, moist spring into a hot dry summer is abrupt.

Lastly, during the winter months, precipitation occurs in the form of snow. Despite the precipitation, the area experiences a low relative humidity.

Comfort Zone and Temperature Range by Month

Design Analysis

April through September fall in line with comfortable temperatures.

For passive solar heating most of the glass area should face south to maximize winter sun exposure and design overhangs to fully shade in summer.

Lower the indoor comfort temperature at night to reduce heating energy consumption.

Tiles or slate (even on wood floors) provide enough surface mass to store winter daytime solar gain and summer nighttime cooling.

Extra insulation might prove cost effective and will increase occupant comfort by keeping indoor temperatures more uniform.

Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can extend occupied areas in cool weather (enclosed patios, courtyards, or verandas).

Small well-insulated skylights (less than 3% of floor area in clear climate, 5% in overcast) reduce daytime lighting energy and cooling loads.

Exterior wind shields or dense planting can protect entries for cold winter winds.

Wind Wheel

Hot summer, cold winter

Varied wind directions

Considerable south wind current

Snow must be considered

Great soil layers with high load bearing capacity

Great drainage system, not in a flooding zone

High amount of daylight within a year

Low humidity despite rain

Extreme range in temperature and climate

High demand for housing and working spaces

High demand for recreation places

Companies need land for their manufacture

Crop and hay land in high demand

Pollution level produced by wild fire

Chances of extreme cold and hot weather

Snowfall, seasonal rain

Demographics

Amy Borer, Veronica Daudelin, Dorothy Greenhalge, & Wendy Hamblin

INTRODUCTION

Pullman Demographics Limitations

The information and data that was able to be collected there was a few limitations that where made apparent.

The first of these is some of the information is too generic or leaves out key members of the community such as LGBTQIA+ people. This causes limitations such as issues that the part of the of the community maybe be experiencing may not be address or it could easily be overlooked. It also makes it difficult to find ways to create safe places as we are forced to use more generic information that may not be as applicable to the people specifically in Pullman.

Another limitation is that some of the information is influenced and skewed by the massive presence of the students at WSU. This is because many live in apartments which would cause them to get counted in certain statistics which can cause them to inflate and look much bigger. It also causes stats like crime rate to have large fluctuation of the years.

Pullman also has a lack of diversity. This can cause certain groups of people to be overlooked and their needs may not be met. An effort needs to be made to ensure that these people and not excluded and that their needs are met to they can have the best path to success and that they can have a safe place to be able to be at.

Pullman Demographics Design Implications

Pullman has populations whose needs can be addressed by design.

Diverse languages can be supported by having translator offices and liasons.

Diverse ethnicities can be supported by creation of spaces for these groups, and spaces for all groups to appreciate accomplishments of marginalized communites such as galleries and museums.

Food scarcity can be addressd by allotted spaces for food pantries, or with kitchenettes to allow students to prepare meals on site.

Those living below the poverty line can be supported by having resources in building which can improve quality of life, such as spaces to bathe and groom themselves, food pantries, free closets of casual and profesional clothes, among other accomodations.

Supporting those in need will help deter crime, especially crime of need such as theft, as if people have what they need to survive and feel good they are much less likely to commit theft.

Importance

Demography is the statistical study of populations, especially of humans, based on factors such as (but not limited to) age, race, sex, gender, income level and education. The analysis of demographics can help people serving a community to consider and address needs of a particular community.

In architecture it is important to consider demographics in order to design a space that will be useful to occupants. Without considering demographics, building design will be confined only to communal needs assumed by the designer, which can enforce conscious and unconscious biases.

Limitations

While analyzing these demographics, we found many limitations of research that should be addressed to create an equitable understanding of these populations. The lack of local data can be supplemented with data that is more generic, though it will not be as impactful as local data, and should not be treated as definitive.

Some limitations are as follows:

• Lack of readily available data about the demographics of the Voiland College, and specific majors in the Voiland college

• Binary gender data

• Absent data about diversity of sexuality among WSU students

• Lack of data analysis that observes intersections of gender, race, class, or other factors. For instance, according to multiple sources women in stem, as a population, are more racially and sexually diverse than men.

• Data skewed by student population, such as percentage of 18-24 year olds, dorms not being counted in housing, and poverty not being nuanced enough to account for dependent students

What does population look like in Washington State?

As of 2022 the state of Washington’s population sits at around 7.9 million people demonstrating a population growth of 1.26% from 2021. Whitman County currently holds a population of 48,613 people spanning across 2,159.08 square miles of land at a density of about 23 people per square mile.

48% 36% 2% 14%

22.52 In State Out of State Out of US Foreign

How racially diverse is Washington State, Pullman, and WSU ?

Washington is primarily composed of people who identify as white, making up 66.1% of the state’s population. In Pullman as well as statewide there is little representation of people who identify as Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, Black or African American, as well as those who identify as American Indian and Alaska Native.

Design Implications

In comparison to both Washington state and the city of Pullman, WSU students display a more racially diverse group but there is still an opportunity to encourage more diversity on campus through design choices. This may include the design of spaces throughout campus for minority groups to gather and connect.

Washington State

What do Washington States households look like?

The total number of households in Washington State add up to around 2,905,822 structures with 63.3% being owned properties. When looking at household types for Washington State, the largest percentage of households are those with a married couple while the second most common household type are non-family households.

What do Pullmans households look like?

The total number of households in Pullman, Washington come out to be around 12,275 structures with only 28.6% being owned properties. While Washington state in total has more households with married couples, Pullman on the other hand holds more nonfamily households at around 7,768 units comprising 63.3% of the city’s households.

Washington Earnings by Educational Attainment

What does Washington States earnings look like?

Washington States earnings based on educational attainment clearly illustrate a wage gap between men and women in every educational attainment level. The average salary for males according to the 2020 census was $56,726 in Washington state while the average salary for women was $39,292.

The average salary for men with an educational attainment level of a bachelor’s degree was $79,847 while the salary for women having obtained the same educational level was $50,597, $29,250 less than the average salary for men.

What do Washington States occupations look like?

STEM related positions in Washington State are predominantly occupied by men at 75.5%, while women occupy a mere 24.5% of jobs within STEM. Looking specifically at architecture and engineering occupations in Washington, 81.8% of jobs are currently occupied by men while 18.2% of positions are given to women.

In the case of life, physical, and social science occupations, there is a smaller percentage gap between men and women with men occupying 53.6% of related jobs and women following closely with occupying 46.4% of related positions.

Computer, Engineering, and Science Occupations

Design Implications

On every educational attainment level there is a clear wage gap between men and women, looking more closely at STEM related positions, more are occupied by men than women. In observing both of these demographics it is clear that a current weakness in washington state is gender equality in stem related careers. This can be implemented at WSU through the design of spaces for women and other minority groups within STEM related buildings and throughout campus as a whole.

ComputerandoccupationsmathematicalArchitectureandengineering occupationsLife,physical,andsocialscience occupations

Program Key:

20% 26% 14% 11% 15% 8% 6% 3%

Limitation:

This statics may be skewed by the inclusion of WSU students as many are unemployed or have low paying jobs and if the have officially moved to Pullman they would be counted as below the poverty line.

FOOD INSECURITY IN PULLMAN

Programs

WSU and surrounding area have a few programs already active. These include Food Recovery Projects with Backyard Harvest and the Community Action Center, Food Recovery with WSU Football, Annual Palouse Care Food Drive, Community Food Pantry Projects, All Greek Food Drive, And Pullman Farmers Market Trip. It is possible to work with these programs to have access to food for the students that are in the center especially while they are doing their work in class. This can also Allow for further mutual Cooperation between these projects and WSU which can help them grow and provide other services.

19.6%

19.6% of people in Whitman County are food insecure, the highest rate for any county in Washington

Pullman

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND CRIME

29.2%

Stats and information

Pullman does have and overall lower crime rate Compared to the rate of Washington State, but that does not mean that it is not a problem that can be addressed. Violent crime is made up of several different types of crime such as murder, rape, robbery, assault, property, burglary, larceny, and auto. The most common of these in Pullman is property crimes and larceny.

One way that we can help provide support to student who need it is by partnering with the local organization called Alternatives to Violence of the Palouse or ATVP for short. They are a none profit organization that seeks to support people who are victims of sexual and Domestic abuse. This away we can benefit students and the overall Community.

What Can Be Done?

Overall it is hard for us to make an impact of crime with the design of our building. Many crimes we cannot effect however we can support people. Having resources available for students if the are a victim of crime such as domestic violence and sexual assault. A safe place is very important and a very good place would be a building that they frequent to go to classes and to do school work.

In Pullman the violent crime rate in Pullman is 121.4 and in overall Washington State is it 293.9 in 2019

Pullman

Gender

Female 54% Male 46%

Race/Ethnic

WSU students

Age 18-19 27.6%

Age 20-21 26.9%

Age 22-24 18.5%

25-29 12.8%

8%

6.1%

Age Student Population

WSU is comprised of 28.8% racial minority students, which is below average. Support for minority students can include spacecs for shared activities, both with members of the group and with those outside of it

20.3% 29.9%

Only 20.3% of Voiland students are women. Despite research excluding LGBTQ students, 20.3% is very low considering 49.6% of all WSU students are women. Given this, it would benefit the college to be more inclusive of women.

While 29.9% of Voiland students are first generation, 34% of all students at WSU are first-gen. Voiland college can benefit by being more inclusive of first-gen students.

Diversify STEM related majors through the implementation of spaces specifically for minority groups to come together and collaborate

Create a familiar place for the student population that may have several housing changes during their educational careers

Further research on the populations of Voiland college majors

Women’s average earnings are less than mens earnings at every educational attainment level

Status quo in STEM may result in pushback from internal and external communities if design caters to needs of marginalized groups back

Populations being deterred from participating in Voiland majors can result in data which can justify continued exclusion

Urban Context

Eythn Copp-Fukuda, Mauro Cabrera, Dylan Moyano, Cooper Ray, Thane Sutanthavibul, & Dakota Witte

URBAN EXPANSION

1890-1918 1919-1941 1942-1971

Early buildings of WSU used a “fire-brick red”. A Romanesque style can be seen with these early buildings, most popular in civic buildings nationwide at the time. Notable architects being, Herman Preusse, James Stephen, Timotheus Josenhans, and Rudolph Weaver.

A spike in enrollments with caused WSU to devise unique plans to create more residential halls. Buildings during this time were designed with classical, colonial revival, more specifically Georgian Revival. Focused architects Rudolph Weaver and Stanley Smith.

After WW2 another spike in caused the campus to expand. new materials were used for reinforced concrete and glass. John Malone and Paul Thiry.

Program Key:

1890-1918 1919-1941 1942-1971 1972-1992 1993-Present

1942-1971 1972-1992 1993-PRESENT

student enrollments expand. Embracing Modernism for structures such as steel, glass. Main architect’s being

The National Energy Crisis and a rise in the environmental movement caused expansion of the campus to slow with designs becoming more focused on architectural and landscape context. Architects during this time were focused on creating a Postmodern architecture.

Architecture on WSU most recently shows the use of clean lines and large expanses of glass. However, structures with more organic shapes have slowly became more embraced such as the Elson S. Floyd Cultural Center.

BUILDING MATERIALS

Overview of Materials

The Pullman Campus at Washington State University employs a a lot of different materials, with each building focusing and consisting mainly of an emphasis on brick structure. There are three different brick blends available for use on the Pullman site. With a quick walk around the vicinity, students and viewers will notice the brick is typically highlighted or accented with some supporting material, whether it be glass, wood, or some other new inventive material. In typical situations, the designer will best try to match the style of the surrounding buildings to the site for a more cohesive effect. This can lead to a gradient of building development in style as seen in the pictures depicting Carpenter Hall compared to a newer structure such as the Spark Building, constructed almost 100 years later.

Traditional Design vs. New Direction

Despite the shift in architectural design after World War II, the general style of WSU’s collegiate architecture involves a heavy use of mainly brick and concrete material. Traditionally, clay collected from College Hill was used in any construction done by the university to give historical effect and affiliation with each structure. A nearby brick production factory also aided in the ease of access to brick as a building material. As technologies advanced and development in design occurred, architects for the school had begun employing the use of steel, reinforced concrete, glass, and timber.

Elson S. Floyd Cultural Center (2017)

The Spark: Academic Innovation (2017)

Daggy Hall (1973)

Carpenter Hall (1926)

Design Implications

New buildings should place nicely within the context of their surroundings in terms of style and brick blend. For new construction, a flat roof system with membrane roofing is preferred. If equipment is placed on the roof, a 42 inch parapet is required to eliminate the need for fall restraints during maintenance. The implementation of fenestration should not distract from campus character. All brick masonry units should be installed above grade. The Pullman Blend is the suggested brick blend for construction on this site due to the context of the surrounding structures, but any of the three options are available for use. Designs that have concrete or stone incorporated into the façade should be done so way that highlights the traditional materials. These elements should be used to enhance the building slink to the history of the campus. Designs that have concrete or stone incorporated into the façade should be done so way that highlights the traditional materials. These elements should be used to enhance the building slink to the history of the campus. The proposed site is located next to both new and historical education facilities on campus. To align with WSU’s commitment for sustainable design it would be wise to aim for larger windows such as those seen on the Spark and College of Education buildings to allow more natural light to enter the space dropping energy prices.

WSU Pullman Standard Brick Blends

Imperial Red 60%

Pullman Blend

URBAN DENSITY Analysis of

Lighting

Most surrounding buildings have poor to adequate lighting, in either classrooms or walkways but rarely both. Daggy Hall, Sloan Hall, and Dana Hall are found to be the most lacking in terms of natural lighting. Cleveland Hall and the Education Addition utilize the most natural lighting on the northfacing sides of each building.

Surrounding Buildings

Hallways and Open Areas

All adjacent buildings have generally spacious walkways with narrow stairs. Exceptions to this include Daggy Hall and the Office of Academic Engagement, which have narrower walkways. Narrow stairs and walkways can be a problem to face when dealing with a high amount of foot traffic throughout the day. Cleveland Hall and the Education Addition have the best examples of open spaces delineatic the user’s experience.

Building Height

Surrounding structures are generally four floors with a basement level. The only building with three floors is the Education Addition. Buildings with five floors include Carpenter Hall and Sloan Hall. The only building with seven floors is the Electrical Engineering/Mechanical Engineering Hall. Some buildings such as the Education Addition and Engineering Halls are connected to other surrounding buildings via skywalk.

Design Implications

It is advised to have at least adequate levels of daylighting and walking space. Commonly seen in surrounding buildings, the windows allowing natural lighting are either in the hallways or in the classrooms, but rarely ever both. Consider the width of stairs as overcrowding at these areas due to narrow stairs is undesirable. Most adjacent buildings to the site are three to five floors. It may be best to stick to that range.

SKYLINE

The buildings near the site have many innovative features and resources. This new projected building should take these resources into account so that it does not duplicate nearby existing services.

The designs of these existing buildings should be taken into account so that the new projected building can pay homage to the other buldings without copying their designs.

WSU PARKING

Washington State University offers a variety of parking spaces available for students and staff to purchase. The diagram above illustrates the parking spots nearest to our site, dividing each parking permit into different colors for ease of visibility. As you can see, the Green parking that is indicated in the darkest blue is located nearest to our site. This does offer students and staff with potential parking spaces but the site location it self was previously a larger Green parking lot. With that real estate being used for the new student center, parking will be limited to those who need to visit our site or need to visit adjacent buildings. Making the parking situation around the student center a high area of traffic for those trying to obtain a space to park.

SITE

PUBLIC TRANSPORT & CIRCULATION

The Pullman transit system began in 1979, introducing public transportation to the growing town of Pullman. Now offering various routes that run through downtown Pullman, WSU campus, across Pullman, as well as to Moscow, Spokane, and Lewiston. Additionally, residents with disabilities or in a wheelchair have a Dial-A-Ride service to be ADA accessible.

The Pullman transit system was designed to promote an energy efficient way or getting around as well as to concentrate bus routes in residential areas. Diverting traffic from circulating through the school and rather around it. Establishing safe pedestrian circulation for college students. A study shows that 69% of students claim that they take the bus to and from school and 27.6% of faculty use the bus.

TRANSIT SYSTEM STATISTICS

When Parkings Hard to find 22.6 When Parkings Prices Increase When Theres Extreme Weather

24.9 37.1

When Parkings Hard to find When Parkings Prices Increase When Theres Extreme Weather

LANDMARKS & PATHS

The book “The Image Of The City” by Kevin Lynch divides city massing in an efficient and simplistic way that allows the viewer to understand key components of a city and navigate them with the given graphics. Breaking down into five different categories as listed below:

1) Landmarks- A type of reference point used to navigate.

2) Paths- Walking routes taken while navigating.

3) Edges- Linear elements not considered paths; but can be, that serve as a defined boundary between two different areas.

4) Districts- Large defined city areas that can be entered using a path.

5) Nodes- Strategic foci the observer can enter, either a junction of paths or characteristics.

Chinook

VACANT SPACE, EXISTING BUILDINGS

Washington State Vacant & Existing Buildings

Washington State University has many areas that are vacant. There are many opportunities to put that scarce to use to utilize the area more. This will Improve the flow of traffic as well as connect the Existing buildings to improve the experience on Campus.

Program Key: Vacant Existing Buildings

SURROUNDING AMENITIES

Surrounding Dining Amenities

Washington State University has a few locations around campus that offer Student Amenities such as dinning Halls, markets, and espresso bars.

In the surrounding area of the proposed site there are three major dining locations that includes North-side cafe, The CUB, and South-side Cafe. There are also two espresso bars this includes Starbucks at the Spark, and South-side Espresso Bar. Another surrounding amenity The South-side Market.

Surrounding Study Spaces

Washington State University has many areas can are utilized for Student Success. This includes private and public spaces in order to accommodate the students need for studying, improving the experience on Campus.

Program Key:

Private Study Area

Public Study Area Site

Community Gathering Spaces

Washington State University has a vast diversity of Student and faculty. Based on the project site we can see that the surrounding spaces are limited, as a result there are opportunities to improve the experience on campus.

Program Key: Community Area Site

Building encouraged to be unique and have character of its own

New building methods are encouraged, sustainability & preservation

Student and staff feedback on building needs

Nearby engineering and architecture educations buildings

Limited with some materials (masonry blend, Glazing size – not to exceed 150 lbs)

Limited with some construction methods

Building may not detract from character on campus

Limited on space (70,000-80,000 GSF)

Small vacant areas near site (potential new life)

New technologies for students to be implemented into design

Do not need to completely follow historical buildings on campus, paying homage to campus history

Limited parking near site

No nearby food area for students

Only one small computer lab nearby site

New bus route may be needed

No unisex bathrooms near site

No community area near site

PROJECT OVERVIEW:

Fantastic Beasts and how to find them.

GHOST HUNTING:

Genius loci is the Latin for the spirit/guardian deity of a place. It originates from Roman mythology and refers to the protective spirit of a building. In this exercise, we search the campus for lost building souls.

1. Much like a flâneur, wandering in the campus, look for not only buildings, but also architectural elements, infrastructural objects, details, ornaments, that seem lost, out of place, unusual, uncanny, ugly, or even spooky.

2. Document the beast with enough images that would allow you to make a model of it.

3. Make a story about its existence, similar to a museum description, or an encyclopedia entry, describing its (constructed) history, existence, decline, and/or death.

4. Model the object, with all its essential details, andgenerate two axonometric line drawings.

FANTASTIC BEASTS

WALKING PILLAR

by Amy Borer

Three years following the opening of Washington State University in 1890, Enoch Albert Bryan was appointed as president of the college. With the campus developing and expanding, Enoch like most, lived relatively far from the central hub of campus and walked to and from his home to work. Due to the general nature of the land WSU was established on, getting to the university resulted in a daily hike for Enoch through a hill filled landscape. In order to shorten his travel time and lessen the intensity of his walk he set out to create a system of pathways to connect downtown Pullman to the campus.

At the very location that the pathways end and the campus begins, Enoch placed his walking pillar to mark the connection between the two. Originally a lamp was placed on the top of the pillar to light Enoch’s way home after a day of work at the university. Location: Behind WSU President House

FRIEDEN PAIX

By Dinna Bekalu

In hopes to commemorate the event of world war I, Wsu wanted to incorporate this sculptural piece called Frieden Paix which means peace in both the french and german language. They chose the name to pay homage to the two countries that were most affected by the war (i.e., German and France) losing about 80 percent of their male population. It looks like a rifle (which was a common weapon used during the war). Something you can notice is that the rifles are facing upward as if shooting vertically into the air instead of horizontally towards people and they did this to symbolize the cry for peace. It was erected during the year 1918 after the devestating effects of the war had taken effect. Location: WSU Abelson Hall

FANTASTIC BEAST

by Chenlu Zhang

It’s a huge, bulky concrete staircase, it’s been around for a long time, in fact there are three of them, hidden around the gym. They don’t lead anywhere, they have no destination and no starting point. So what is the purpose of the stairs? ? Some people say that even in winter, there will be no snow on top of this staircase, and it will not freeze. It is said that before WSU built a gymnasium, in the 1800s, this location was three totem poles, and there were wizards here every year Pray. The totem pole was removed due to the construction of the gymnasium. But with that came the leakage of the foundation, so through the dialogue with the wizard, these three huge concrete stairs were built to quell the ghosts below

Location: Beside Martin Stadium

VENT VISITOR

By Ethyn Copp-Fukuda

Reports of a mysterious creature have been reported from within Washington State Universities Chinook. Leaked severance footage depicts this unworldly creature to have a gelatins like form, able to contour and fit in the ventilation shafts as well as small spaces at the Chinook. Its appearance features a mechanical orb of unknown design no larger than an orange, but this orb seems to be at the center of the slimy gelatins mass. Having no eyes or mouth the creature labeled as “Goob” is still quite hostile. Goob lurks in the ventilation system and waits patiently for an opportunity to attack from above. Releasing what some are calling an “electromagnetic blast” that short circuits any electrical devices, such as the serviceable camera that caught the insentient before loosing connection. So far there has been five missing person reports and the School has put the campus on lock down.

Location: Chinook Basement Interior - Workout Area

WALLYCHOMP

by Veronica Daudelin

Long ago, before Washington State University was a concept, the Palouse was home to the Wallychomp. This creature stood on two stubby legs and had a head that took over their body. It had the largest gaping mouth full of sharp teeth, each the size of a basketball. There was only one small tribe that ever existed. Legend says when the Europeans arrived, the last of the creatures died off. The spirit of the Wallychomp lives on and can be seen in Stimson Hall. However, the creature was not built into the design. The spirit of the animal enchanted the mind of the builders to include a feature similar to the form of the Wallychomp into the chimney.

Location: Stimson Hall

DANCING LITTLE DROPLETS

by Rosalva Estrada Mendoza

The two beautiful five-globe lights always glows every year in a compelling arrangement since they were originally built on december 10, 1926. The electrician has examined into it but has been unable to determine what is causing it. Some people have experienced seeing it in the early morning hours, while others have mentioned seeing it during the late evening or even near midnight. Each light bulb makes a pattern when it lights up, shifting from slowly to quickly, much like the water droplets falling off a leaf. If those who see it listen quietly, it sounds like a lullaby, and the lights would seem to be dancing in circles.

Location: WSU Troy Hall, South Terracotta Exterior Entrance

-DAVID-S-TROY-HALL

FANTASTIC BEASTS

by Wendy Hamblin

This mysterious structure dates back to 1890 the year WSU was founded. They oringally put it in as a public infromation board to tell students about whats going on at the college. For a while it remained just that. One day a young sad girl decided to place her wish on the board. When she got home later that day she was suprised to find that it had come ture!!!! Word quickly spread of this and everyone wanted to try it. Many people placed their wishes on the board and each one of them came true. No one know how this was possible and how it was done so fast. They figured it must have been magic. However one day it stopped working. Some just thought they used up all the magic it had but others werent so sure. Others thought that people who used it now had a dept that would one day need to be paid.

Location: Veterans way and College Ave- Daggy Hall Corner

by Mauro Cabrera Garcia

E.T. Was a stray dog who lived during the 1800’s and would roam around the area, no one knew where he was from nor where he came from. Yet his loyalty and joviality captivated the everyone he came in contact with. This location was known as his favorite spot and would frequently sit there as construction of the University was in progress. Eventually when construction was complete E.T. had unfortunately passed away and in recognition to the loyal companion and the mascot on the construction team. This tombstone was place on his favorite spot.

Location: Between Bryan Hall and Avery Hall

ABANDONED PHONE BOOTH

by Dylan Moyano

As a relic of the past, in a time before a war of iPhones and Androids, this phone booth was originally placed by the school for the purpose of students to chat with each other from a distance in-between class periods or while waiting for the campus bus. In its naivety, the college students found a different purpose for this box. This became a popular place for pickups and trades of unmentionable contraband. Students would place their small ziploc bags of client-requested packages in the booth by unscrewing the receiver of the attached phone and placing the bag inside and would receive the money transactions through the panels on the side, which were loose enough to remove and hold thin folds of money. Soon enough, the school had a massive addiction problem leading to a dark time of overdoses and medical emergencies not brought up often by those who had experienced this period of time. Eventually, the school became aware of how popular this and other phone boxes around campus were becoming. The decision was made to remove the payphones from these box stations, with the intention of removing the boxes altogether. Although presently, the boxes are kept on campus as a reminder of the times of the past and of this event that had changed the way the school views the modern issue of drug addictions. Walking around campus, these stations have since been brought to the present in a new way by the tall gray posts with blue lights on top, used only for emergency purposes.

Location: Intersection of Spokane and College

VANISH

by Anh Ngo

Betsy’s day begins like any other day, starting with a hot cup of black coffee and a bowl of blueberry oatmeal. Halfway through breakfast, her alarm rings, signaling it is time for class. The surrounding hills are covered in snow and the roads are icy. Betsy hears crunching beneath her soles. *CLANK* *CLANK* *CLANK* a galling sound comes from the distance. Following the sound, Betsy finds a roofless structure, composed of two brick walls adorned with a crimson arch entrance guarded by two cats. An old man is hammering away at a metal sculpture. Looking from afar, Betsy cannot make out what it is. Moving closer, she sees that it is a horse. Betsy thinks nothing of it for the next few days. Two weeks later, the galling noise ceases. “The sculpture is probably done!” Betsy says excitedly. She hurriedly walks to the sculpture, but nothing is there. Not even a remnant of the roofless structure remains. She asks around, but no one knows what she is talking about. Did she make it all up? She couldn’t have. Could she? Location: WSU College of Veterinary Medicine

HAUNTED HVAC

by Cooper Ray

The year was 1894, three months after the construction of Todd Hall. Two workers arrived to conduct maintenance on the unit. But only man was seen leaving the site. Students reported the man walk away with freezerburn and bite marks on his neck.

When authorities questioned him, he said his coworker left early that day. Almost a year after this alleged incident, the first worker spoke out in the middle of Terrall Mall with a megaphone. He stated:

“The air conditioning unit, filled with tiny, vicious creatures called glacial frions. Their sole intent is to freeze humans with their ice-cold breath to keep them as trophies. We trapped them in the air conditioning unit, so that their breath only serves as a purpose to cool the building...”

His speech was cut short by two campus security officers who took his megaphone and arrested him. A capsule of Clozapine fell out of his pocket as he was being put into a vehicle, so is his story beievable?

Location: Behind Webster, next to College Street, Exterior

FANTASTIC BEASTS

by Liam Schill

In september of 1998, the famous football coach Dakoda Jacobs was walking up the hill to the stadium entrance when he slipped and fell on a wet leaf. He hit the ground so hard that his teeth came out, including his “lucky” gold tooth that he got after being hit in the face with a football at his very first game as a coach. Most of his normal teeth were retrieved and were able to be transplanted back into his mouth, but no matter how hard anyone searched they could not find his prized gold tooth, to the point where Jacobs even put out a reward of $5,000 for anyone who could find it. It remains lost to this day, so if you see a glint in the vines, check it out! You may just make $5,000.

Location: Martin Stadium Office Exterior

THOMPSON BUILDING

Van Nguyen

In 1908 when Thompson Building was built, Pullman had about 300 inch of rain every years which was ten times more than what the city has nowaday. For that reason, designers thought that the buiding need a large gutter to hold rainwater before it go down to the ground. To make it happen, they had to cut off part of the front wall to install one as needed for the building. Steel was very rare at that time so designer couldn’t find an adequate size downspout, they used the donwspounts they found from one of the surrounding residential building. The result we saw today confirms that they were very good pipes, they have been doing very well and they last for a long period. Until now, they still there for a good reason.

NIGHT POD

by Thane Sutanthavibul

The Night Pod is made of leftover metal from battleships during World War II. People did not have protection from gunfights and the Night Pod allows people to take cover inside. There is a hole located on the top to allow oxygen inside. The Night Pod is made of black metal and can be disguised as an old abandoned piece of metal. It is bullet proof and can sustain grenade explosions. It can be connected on wheels and transported into different locations. Many households during World War II have these outside their houses each one for a family member.

Location: Between Daggy Hall and Carpenter Hall

ECHO SYSTEM

by Sydney Troy

This extensive, exterior ventilation system is located on the south facade of Fulmer Hall on the Washington State University Pullman campus. The ventilation system was included in the original design of Fulmer Hall in 1929 to accommodate the fumigation from the research laboratories inside the building. The designers did not account for the possibility of unknown entities entering the ventilation system. Soon after construction was complete, the building was occupied by students and faculty. There were numerous reports of occupants hearing strange noises coming from the vents. One student that was occupying the building after hours explained that he had heard inhumane movement and sounds coming from inside the vents. Because of the numerous accounts of strange, unexplainable activity, facilities quickly shut down this ventilation system by concealing the vents’ access to the interior of the building. Although the ventilation system still stands today, it is no longer in use and there are still no explanations for the noises that were reported.

Location: WSU Fulmer Hall

LIBRARY BOWELS

by Dakota Witte

December 2nd, 1983; freshman, Chazz Michaels went missing. Chazz was like any other student, he slacked off a bit but was excited to make a name for himself. That dream was in jeopardy after only one semester. Chazz, usually a straight A student, had let his education suffer in pursuit of popularity. He decided to turn his luck around by studying every night at the Holland Library.

This was not uncommon for students at the time. However, as Chazz’s friends would report after the incident, “nobody stayed later than Chazz”. Based off security footage, which has been withheld from public viewing, Chazz can be seen studying in the basement of the library. Classmates said he preferred the area because there were no distractions. Footage witnesses at 3:15 Chazz get up from his desk and enter the rolling bookcases. No one knows if he was trying to retrieve a book or if he saw someone.

It would be 2 days until friends reported Chazz missing. Police followed Chazz’s footsteps to his last known location, but he was not there. A month passed with no sign of Chazz, until another student at the library found something chilling. A book had this message, “Hello, I think I am lost.. Chazz Michaels December 5th 1983”. Police searched thousands of books locating 4 more messages, none of which were released to the public. WSU worried it might be a sick prank, but the police never released the footage, questioning who would have done this? Again as time went on the case went cold and mostly forgotten. No students have gone missing since the rolling bookcases are still feared by many as a place to avoid.

Location: WSU Holland Library Basement

ABELSON GREENHOUSE

by Dorothy Greenhalge

Framing the sky on library road is an odd looking glass structure sitting atop of a typical brick academic building. Many students pass this on their way to classes everyday, and the atypical roof undoubedtebly catches their eyes. Whispers of how this mysterious structure came to be have passed down from students since the 1970’s when it was built seemingly overnight during a spring break. Legend has it that a professor, working on some unauthorized genetic experiments accidentally created the first human-plant hybrid out of his son and a palm tree sprout. The professor attempted to keep his abomination secret, but keeping this tropical boy-plant in his office proved to almost kill his only son. As the story goes, the professor, rich from outlandish research patents, paid off the school to bypass typical avenues for building approval, and hired a team of rogue construction workers to build the greenhouse to house his beloved plantchild. The palm tree man still lives and grows in this greenhouse today, and you can visit him anytime during normal business hours.

Location: Abelson Greenhouse