Laser Security System With PIR Sensor

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is great pleasureforme to express mygratitudeto ourhonorableMinal Rade , for giving the opportunity and platform with facilities in accomplishing the Project Based Learning report.

I express my sincere gratitude to our principal Dr. Pramod Patil, for her administration towards our academic growth.

I express sincere gratitude to HOD of FE Department for his leadership and constant motivation provided in successful completion of our academic semester. We record it as myprivilege to deeplythank for providing us the efficient faculty and facilities to make our ideas into reality.

At last but not least, I would like to thank all my project group members for their constant hard work, dedication and support for making this project successful. Finally, it is pleased to acknowledge to all those who devoted themselves directly or indirectly to make this project report success.

ABSTRACT

This project deals with designing virtual circuits for laser alarm security system with PIR sensor. Laser alarm security system with PIR sensor were difficult to install at homes, offices.

Nowadays, there are dozens of different security systems in market that utilize lasers and sensors. Also, these are efficiently used for security purposes including protection of small materials to large areas of property.

Laser based security system is a type of security and alarm system that uses laser light source. Now, the question arises why laser to be used? So, as we know that laser light can cover a long distance without any scattering effect (disturbing) and it is only visible at source and the destination point, so can be used as a mediator between source and destination. Alerting is done using a buzzer.

In case of the PIR sensors, they allow you to sense motion and almost always used to detect whether an object or a human has moved in or out of the sensors range. Also, buzzer acts as an alerting system.

Hence, in this project we come to know about the usage of laser and PIR sensor for security purposes with the help of simulating mechanism.

LIST OF FIGURES

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 OBJECTIVES

Need of security is the basic necessity of any individual. The feeling that we are safe and everything around us is all fine is imperative for a peaceful living. Security is the most important factor nowadays. As technology is developing day by day, the criminals are also finding newer ways to do robbery and crime. How can one attain that sense of security? Here, “LASER ALARM SECURITY SYSTEM WITH PIR SENSOR” provides us with a solution and for this more and more people are installing them in order to stay safe and secure. Various electronic security systems can be used at homes, offices and other important places.

1.2 PROBLEM SPECIFICATION

Laser alarm security system with PIR sensor is used for security purposes. It has a wide application in fields of security and defence starting from house hold material to the precious material of an organization.

1.3 CONTRIBUTION

In case of laser system and for PIR sensors, they sense the motion of a human or an object when entered or moved in sensors range. Lasers differs from other light sources in significant ways. There are two features that are important for security systems. Unlike a light bulb or flashlight, laser doesn’t produce any scattering effect and is narrow beam. Laser is also monochromatic in nature (single color). Laser can travel a long way since it does not spread much and still have enough energy in asmall area to trigger the security system.

1.4 METHODOLOGY

TheyaremostoftenusedinPIR-basedmotiondetectors.PIRsensorsdetect the general movement. They entirely work by detecting infrared radiation emitted byorreflectedfromobjectsorhumans.Allobjects withtemperatureaboveabsolute zero emit heat energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Usually, this radiation is not Visibletothehumaneyebecauseit radiates at infraredwavelengths. Here PIR sensor comes in DY PATIL INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY, PIMPRI as it can detect any object in infrared region. So, when an object passes in front of the background, the temperature at that point in the region of PIR sensor will rise from room temperature to body temperature. In this way, it triggers the alarm.Hence, PIR sensors can be used in security alarm systems.

1.5 LAYOUT OF PROJECTS

In this project, we have built two virtual circuits on tinkerCad software, one using laser and other using PIR sensor for assuring safety.

Fig. 1.1 Motion sensing laser

2.1.Battery

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY COMPONENTS

Fig.2.1.Battery

A battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices such as flashlights, mobile phones, and electric cars. When a battery is supplying electric power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode. The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that will flow through an external electric circuit to the positive terminal. When a battery is connected to an external electric load, a redox reaction converts high-energy reactants to lower-energy products, and the free-energy difference is delivered to the external circuit as electrical energy. Historically the term "battery" specifically referred to a device composed of multiple cells, however the usage has evolved to include devices composed of a single cell.

Primary (single-use or "disposable") batteries are used once and discarded, as the electrode materials are irreversibly changed during discharge; a common example

is the alkaline battery used for flashlights and a multitude of portable electronic devices.

Secondary (rechargeable) batteries can be discharged and recharged multiple times using an applied electric current; the original composition of the electrodes can be restored by reverse current. Examples include the leadacid batteries used in vehicles

The basic operation of the light-emitting diode (LED) is as follows. When the device is forward-biased, electrons cross the pn junction from the n-type material and recombine with holes in the p-type material. Recall from Chapter 1 that these free electrons are in the conduction band and at a higher energy than the holes in the valence band. The difference in energy between the electrons and the holes corresponds to the energy of visible light. When recombination takes place, the recombining electrons release energy in the form of photons. The emitted light tends to be monochromatic (one color) that depends on the band gap (and other factors). A large exposed surface area on one layer of the semiconductive material permits the photons to be emitted as visible light. This process, called electroluminescence.

2.2.LED

Fig.2.2. LED

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other use of power resistors that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat, may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or operating voltage

2.3.Resistor

Fig.2.3.Resistor

2.4.Piezo Buzzer

Fig.2.4.Piezo Buzzer

In simplest terms, a piezo buzzer is a type of electronic device that’s used to produce a tone, alarm or sound. It’s lightweight with a simple construction, and it’s typically a lowcost product. Yet at the same time, depending on the piezo ceramic buzzer specifications, it’s also reliable and can be constructed in a wide range of sizes that work across varying frequencies to produce different sound outputs.

Audible Sound Transducers

Simple, compact, and reliable, piezoelectric audible sound transducers also called tone generators, or buzzers can deliver a high sound output from a small (milliwatt) energy input. Emitted sounds range from soft hums to stridentalarms. Thesedevices arewell suitedforusein portable,batterypowered equipment,andareemployedinawidevarietyofproducts,includingtimers, smoke alarms, games, telephone ringers, metal detectors, watches, automobile alarms, and many other

A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiatingfrom objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR based motion detectors. PIR sensors are commonly used in security alarms and automatic lighting applications.

PIR sensors detect general movement, but do not give information on who or what moved. For that purpose, an imaging IR sensor is required.

PIR sensors are commonly called simply "PIR", or sometimes "PID", for "passive infrared detector". The term passive refers to the fact that PIR devices do not radiate energy for detection purposes. They work entirely by detecting infrared radiation (radiant heat) emitted by or reflected from objects.

2.5.PIR Sensor

Fig.2.5. PIR Sensor

2.6.Arduino

Fig.2.6.Arduino

Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices. Its hardware products are licensed under a CC-BY-SA license, while software is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially from the official website or through authorized

Abreadboard,orprotoboard,is aconstructionbaseforprototyping of electronics. Originally the word referred to a literal bread board, a polished piece of wood used when slicing bread.

In the 1970s the solderless breadboard (a.k.a. plugboard, a terminal array board) became available and nowadays the term "breadboard" is commonly used to refer to these.

2.7.Breadboard

Fig. 2.7.Breadboard

Because the solderless breadboard does not require soldering, it is reusable. This makes it easy to use for creating temporary prototypes and experimenting with circuit design.

For this reason, solderless breadboards are also popular with students and in technological education. Older breadboard types did not have this property. A stripboard (Veroboard) and similar prototyping printed circuit boards, which are used to build semi-permanent soldered prototypes or oneoffs, cannot easily be reused. A variety of electronic systems may be prototyped by using breadboards, from small analog and digital circuits to complete central processing units (CPUs).

Light amplification by stimulated emission radiation. There are different types of lasers like gas laser, solid state laser and cw mode laser, pulse laser etc. Common basic steps required for the production of laser

Absorption/spontaneousemission:WhenanatomjumpsfromE1 statetoE2 state with the help of any pumping system either optical or electrical, then this atom will stay in E2 state for the relaxation time

T= 10-8 sec(approx.) After that atom returns back to E1 state and emits energy hν = E2 – E1.

2.8.Laser

Fig.2.8.Laser

Chapter 3: WORKING

Passive infrared (PIR) sensors use a pair of pyroelectric sensors to detect heat energy in the surrounding environment. These two sensors sit beside each other, and when the signal differential between the two sensors changes (if a person enters the room, for example), the sensor will engage. That maymean it triggers an alarm, notifies authorities, or maybe turns on a floodlight. IR radiation focuses on each of the two pyroelectric sensors using a series of lenses constructed as the sensor’s housing. These lenses widen the device’s sensing area.

While the lens setup and sensor electronics are sophisticated technology, these units are easy to use in a practical application. You only need power and ground for the sensor to produce a discreet output that’s strong enough for a microcontroller to use. Typical adjustments include adding potentiometers for sensitivityand tweaking how long a PIR stays engaged once it’s triggered. You can also toggle the sensor between:

Staying on for a set amount of time after detecting movement. Pulsing on and off in a “non-retriggering” mode

Fig3.1 Working of PIR Sensor

You’ll commonly see PIR sensors in security alarms and automatic lighting setups. These applications don’t require that the sensor detect an object’s specific location, just that objects or people in a particular area are moving around.

Working Principle of Light Dependent Resistor

The working principle of an LDR is photoconductivity, which is nothing but an optical phenomenon. When the light is absorbed by the material then the conductivity of the material enhances. When the light falls on the LDR, then the electrons in the valence band of the material are eager to the conduction band. But, the photons in the incident light must have energy superior to the bandgap of the material to make the electrons jump from one band to another band (valance to conduction).

Chapter 4: MARKET SURVEY Description

The Laser technology market size is expected to grow from USD 11.7 billion in 2020 to USD 17.6 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 8.6%. Increasing demand from healthcare vertical and better performance of lasers over traditional material processing techniques are the key factors driving the growth of the Laser technology market.

Market for solid type lasers to hold largest share during the forecast period

The market for solid lasers accounted for the largest size in 2019. A solid laser is the one that consists of an active medium in the solid form. The active medium in a solid laser comprises a glass or crystalline host material, which is later doped using rare earth materials, such as neodymium, chromium,

erbium, or ytterbium. Solid lasers use a solid material as the active medium, and the upper energy levels of ions are without any radiation; however, when the energy transition takes place, the metastable upper laser level is reached. This is the point where emission occurs, resulting in lasing. Solid lasers prevent the wastage of materials in the active medium and produce both continuous and pulsed output at a higher efficiency than He-Ne and argon lasers by about 2% to 3%.

Primary Research

Extensive primary research has been conducted after gaining knowledge about the Laser technology market scenario through secondary research. Several primary interviews have been conducted with market experts from both demand (commercial application providers) and supply (equipment manufacturersand distributors)sidesacrossfourmajorregions: North America, Europe, APAC, and RoW. Approximately 20% and 80% of primary interviews have been conducted with parties from demand and supply sides, respectively. The primary data has been collected through questionnaires, emails, and telephonic interviews.

Secondary Research

Inthesecondaryresearchprocess, various secondarysources have been referred to for identifying and collecting information pertinent to this study. Secondary sources include annual reports; press releases; investor presentations; white papers; journals and certified publications; and articles from recognized authors, directories, and databases. Secondary research has been conducted to obtain important information about the industry’s supply

Chapter 5: COST ANALYSIS

A laser torch powered by 3V power supply is used for generating a laser beam. A combination of plain mirrors M1 through M6 is used to direct the laser beam around the house to form a net. The laser beam is directed to finally fall on an LDR that forms part of the receiver unit. Any interruption of the beam by a thief/trespasser will result into energisation of the alarm. The 3V power-supply circuit is a conventional full-wave rectifier filter circuit. Any alarm unit that operates on 230V AC can be connected at the output.

Chapter 6: APPLICATIONS

6.1.APPLICATIONS OF LASER ALARM SECURITY SYSTEM WITH PIR SENSOR

A security alarm is a system designed to detect intrusion, such as unauthorized entry, into a building or other areas such as a home or school. Security alarms used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military properties protect against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal protection against intruders. Security alerts in neighbourhoods show a connection with diminished robbery. Car alarms likewise help protect vehicles and their contents. Prisons also use security systems for the control of inmates.

Some alarm systems serve a single purpose of burglary protection; combination systems provide fire and intrusion protection. Intrusion-alarm systems are combined with closed-circuit television surveillance (CCTV) systems to record intruders'activities and interface to access control systems for electrically locked doors. There are many types of security systems. Homeowners typically have small, self-contained noisemakers. These devices can also be complicated, multirole systems with computer monitoring and control. It may even include a two-way voice which allows communication between the panel and monitoring station.

• Sensors: Devices that detect intrusions. Sensors' locations are at the perimeter of the protected area, within it, or both. Sensors can detect intrudersbydifferentmethods.Forexample,sensorscanmonitordoorsand windows for openings or monitor unoccupied interiors for motions, sound, vibration, or other disturbances

• Passive infrared detectors

A passive infrared sensor used to detect motion

The passive infrared (PIR) motion detector is one of the most common sensors found in household and small business environments. It offers affordable and reliable functionality. The term passive refers to the fact that the detector does not generate or radiate energy; it works entirely by detecting the heat energy given off by other objects. Strictly speaking, PIR sensors do not detect motion; instead, they identify abrupt changes in temperature at a given point. As an intruder walks in front of the sensor, the temperature at that point will rise from room temperature to body temperature, and then back again. This quick change triggers the detection.

LASER SECURITY SYSTEM

Laser based Security System is a type of security and alarm system that uses laser light and a light sensor. A security system protects our homes, offices, banks, lockers etc. from intrusion and unauthorised access. There are different types of security systems available and laser-based security system is an important and efficient type. A Laser security system can act as a standalone system, which makes some sound or noise when it detects any irregular activity, or can be part of a much bigger securityand home automation system, which can send messages, call the owner etc.

In this project, we have designed a simple DIY lased based security system, which acts as a tripwire like security system and triggers an alarm when the laser in interrupted. Home security.

Home security includes both the security hardware placed on a property and individuals' personal security practices. Security hardware includes doors, locks, alarm systems, lighting, motion detectors, and security camera systems. Personal security involves practices like ensuring doors are

locked, alarms are activated, owning a Dog, windows are closed, and extra keys are not hidden outside.

According to an FBI report, 58.3% of burglaries in the United States involved forcible entry. Per the most recent statistics, the average burglary in the United States takes about 90 seconds to 12 minutes, and on average, a burglar will break into a home within 60 seconds. Most target cash first followed by jewels, drugs, and electronics. Common security methods include never hiding extra keys outside, never turning off all the lights, applying small CCTV stickers on doors, and keeping good tabs with neighbours.

6.2.CONCLUSION

Laser security system with PIR sensor provides us the security against any crime, theft in our day-to-day life and so people can install them in order to staysafe, secure and sound. lt is a great opportunity and source of saving man power contributing

Fig.6.1 laser security system

no wastage electricity. The "Laser Security System with PIR sensor" is an important helping system. Using this system robbery, thefts & crime can be avoided to large extend.

Avoiding thieves results in the safetyof our financial assets and thereby this system provides us protection against all. The Laser & LDR system is highly sensitive with a great range of working. The system senses the light emitted bythe Laser fallingover the LDR connected with the circuit. Whenever the beam of light is interrupted by any means, it triggers the alarm or siren, also the PIR senses the movement of an object and hits alarm if somebody moves in certain area using its range. This highly reactive approach has low computational requirement; therefore, it is well suited to surveillance, industrial application and smart environments.

PIR sensors designed to be wall- or ceiling-mounted, come in various fields of view, from narrow-point detectors to 360-degree radar. PIRs require a power supply in addition to the detection signalling circuit.

Chapter:7 : REFERENCES

1] Web resources.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page)