2010 Research Bulletin of Faculty & Students

Research Bulletin of Faculty and Students Volume Thirty-Three, 2010 Edited by Fenobia Dallas

Saginaw Valley State University Office of the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs University Center, Michigan 2011

The Research Bulletin of Faculty and Students publishes news of scholarly and creative activities in the following categories: Books; Edited Publications; Articles, Book Chapters, and Essays; Papers and Presentations; Fiction; Poetry; Art Works; Performances; Online Resources; Poster Sessions; Book Reviews; and Grants and Funded Research. “Books” includes scholarly books in print: monographs, textbooks, and collections of the author’s work. “Edited Publications” includes both single volumes edited by the contributor and journals or collections of which the contributor is the primary editor.

“Articles, Book Chapters, and Essays” includes articles published in refereed journals or in collections of scholarly papers; papers presented at conferences and subsequently printed in Proceedings are included in this category. “Papers and Presentations” includes refereed papers presented at conferences of scholars. “Fiction” includes published novels and short fiction. “Art Works” includes art works when they are first exhibited at an adjudicated exhibition. “Performances” include contributions to adjudicated performances. “Online Resources” includes online web sites and resources of scholarly material of which the contributor is the primary author. “Poster Sessions” includes refereed posters presented at conferences of scholars. “Book Reviews” includes critical reviews of scholarly works in print or other media, published in refereed journals. “Grants and Funded Research” includes funding for research completed or underway. In all the categories, the Editor will alphabetize the names of multiple authors, and designate their institutional affiliations.

Multiple entries in any category are alphabetized.

The Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs calls for contributions to the Research Bulletin once a year. Contributions should be confined to the categories described above, and should bear dates within the calendar year of the call for contributions, Contributions to in-house publications are not included. Contributors should make their entries conform to the style evident in Volume Thirty-Two, 2009-2010 or the most recent edition of the Chicago Manual of Style. Abstracts may be supplied for all submissions, and should be limited to two hundred and fifty words each. Contributions should be submitted to the Editor as e-mail at fidallas@svsu.edu.

The Research Bulletin can be seen online at www.svsu.edu/researchbulletin.

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Featured Art J. Blake Johnson Assistant Professor of Art AIGA Faculty Advisor

Expletus Funis Paper sculptures (series, all depicting beetles).

27” height, 25” width, 5” depth Made from over 60 pieces of paper.

To produce the final sculpture, all of the individual pieces are cut and adjusted numerous times. It begins as a hand produced rough model, that I scan in, then redraw in vector format. Then it is cut by a plotter cutter, then the pieces are separated, folded and rarely fit together. I make adjustment, scan it in and go through the process again until all of the pieces fit together correctly.

GRANT SVSU Professional Growth Awards: Funding for the paper sculpture series.

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Preface The hallmark of a university is encapsulated in its growth as well as its stability. In 1979, seeds were planted for the 1st Bulletin of Faculty Research and Publication. This seminal edition highlighted the research interests of faculty at Saginaw Valley State College. At that time, our address was 2250 Pierce Road, and the cornfield was larger than the campus. Today, well, the surrounding acreage is still larger than the campus, but the physical changes are catching up. We see growth in buildings, in departments, in colleges, and most importantly, in scholarship.

While change can be disorienting, change can also be a source of inspiration. The renovations to Wickes, Pioneer, Curtiss, and Ryder, as well as the construction of the Health and Human Services Building, all serve as reminders that change is equated with growth. The varied research interests and scholarly activities evidenced in this publication remind us of the intellectual growth on the campus, where ideas are conceived, investigated, and shared.

Change and growth in technology have provided new tools, but the research methods they are based upon are solid and timeless.

The new tools encompass ideas like “green energy,” and “hybrids,” and “environmental footprint,” leading to a renewed interest in how technology impinges on the social sphere. This intellectual growth and collaborative opportunities extend beyond the campus and surrounding acreage to impact the Great Lakes Bay Region in a positive way.

As we reflect on this edition of the Research Bulletin, we bid farewell to some colleagues as we welcome others. Dr. Janet Rubin, Theatre Department, retired after many years of service to SVSU. Change and growth continues.

Our colleagues’ stories are shared in their teaching, their research, and through sharing and extending those interests with students and community alike. I know you will enjoy learning about your colleagues, and growing in the scholarship they share with us.

Some events on the university’s annual calendar serve almost as rituals– events like commencement, for example, remind us as a university community of what we do, what’s been accomplished in the past, what aspirations and goals we have for the future.

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The publication of the annual Research Bulletin of Faculty and Students does something more–in a fundamental sense, it reminds us of who we are: a community of learners and teachers who embrace our professions, research our burning questions, and communicate not only what we’ve learned but also what we value.

As I review the pages for this, our 32nd Bulletin, I feel a great sense of pride. An amazing range of research is being conducted by faculty, staff, and students in many different fields: new insights into alternative energies, broader understandings of the impact of globalization, research-based methods to help children succeed, innovations in everything from computers to working with criminal offenders. And, in the midst of trying economic times, I also feel a surge of hope for the future. Working in a university means we have chosen a profession that is always looking to the future, to developing our students so they can accomplish their dreams, to developing ourselves as ever-more-insightful professionals. As we research, write and give presentations within our community of co-learners, we enrich ourselves, our students, our professions and our communities.

In this publication, you will see examples of faculty, staff, and students who exemplify “something more, something better.” Having been a faculty member myself for eighteen years, I know something about the stresses of a heavy teaching load and the challenges of working with students who may or may not share our passion for our subject area.

This Bulletin is testament to the fact that in spite of these challenges, we as a university community remain committed to honing our intellectual curiosity, as well as contributing to both the scholarship of teaching and the disciplinary research that characterizes professional university faculty. I invite you to share my pride in our collective work.

Donald J. Bachand Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs

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From the Editor The culmination of any publication involves many individuals, resources, and the commitment to see the work to completion. This edition of the Research Bulletin continues the work of my previous colleagues, David Rayfield and Jane Girdham, to showcase and present the scholarship that is indicative of this institution. I also want to thank Nancy Collison and Kirsten McIlvenny for their editorial assistance, and Teresa Stackhouse for her verification assistance.

Fenobia Dallas

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Contents

College of Arts and Behavioral Sciences

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College of Business and Management

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College of Education

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Crystal M. Lange College of Health and Human Services

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College of Science, Engineering and Technology

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Students

197

University Wide

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Index

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College of Arts and Behavioral Sciences The College of Arts and Behavioral Sciences is the largest and most diverse academic unit at Saginaw Valley. It offers many basic skills courses to prepare students for university study and also offers a majority of the General Education courses designed to provide all SVSU students with a well-rounded education; an understanding and appreciation of a wide range of knowledge and experiences. Through its fourteen academic departments, and two graduate programs, the College is dedicated to providing students with intellectual skills and analytical abilities in preparation for success in a complex and everchanging world.

In the College, there is a deliberate integration of “pure knowledge� with applied or professional knowledge and skills. That is, our arts, humanities, and behavioral sciences curricula combine both types of knowledge to prepare our students to succeed in their personal and professional lives. The College of Arts and Behavioral Sciences shall continue to occupy a central role at the University, producing alumni with broad-based knowledge, excellent communications skills, and professional proficiencies to excel in both public and private sectors.

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Ellen E. Adams Instructor of History Appointed to SVSU in 2010 M.A. College of William and Mary B.A. Vassar College

PAPER “Colonial Geographies, Imperial Romances: Travels in Japan with Ellen Semple and Fannie Macaulay,� Annual Conference, Pacific Ancient and Modern Language Association, November 2010.

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Martin R. Arford Associate Professor of Geography Appointed to SVSU in 2005 Ph.D. University of Tennessee, Knoxville M.S. University of Tennessee, Knoxville B.S. Indiana University of Pennsylvania

PAPER with Horn, S.P., Schlachter, K.J., Graham, J.E., Haberyan, K.A. and Sanchez, M. Lake-sediment records of Holocene droughts, Indigenous agriculture, and prehispanic vegetation and fire regimes from the Miravalles lake district of northwestern Costa Rica. Presented at the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America, Oct. 31–Nov. 3, 2010.

GRANT Research Award, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, $665.09 for research expenses including station fees, room, and board at the Rocky Mountain Biological Lab. Field Research with Berry Brosi, Stanford university on project: “Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Pollinator Diversity, Specialization, and Plant Reproductive success.” June-July 2010.

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Robert C. Braddock Professor of History Appointed to SVSU in 1970 Ph.D. Northwestern University M.A. Northwestern University A.B. Middlebury College

BOOK CHAPTER “To Serve the Queen,” in Tudor Queenship: The Reigns of Mary and Elizabeth, edited by Alice Hunt and Anna Whitelock, 225-238. New York and Basingstoke (UK): Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

This essay examines the appointments to the Royal Household made

by Mary and Elizabeth when they assumed the throne. While both were loyal to those who had served them as princess, Elizabeth also honored the claims of existing officials. It concludes that as her reign progressed, even officers who served “at the Queen’s pleasure” were deemed to hold their posts as a form of property. Consequently, even those who flagrantly broke the rules were rarely dismissed and even those who did were compensated for their loss.

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Geoffrey V. Carter Assistant Professor of Rhetoric & Professional Writing Appointed to SVSU in 2007 Ph.D. Purdue University M.A. Central Michigan University B.A. Central Michigan University

GUEST EDITOR with Sarah Arroyo, California State University at Long Beach.

Enculturation: A Journal of Rhetoric, Writing, and Culture. “Video and Participatory Cultures: Writing, Rhetoric, Performance, and The Tube.”

Issue 8, Fall 2010.

In this special issue of Enculturation, we invited scholars to explore the ubiquity of video and participatory cultures. We started our own investigation into this theme in a panel presentation, “YouTube U.: Home Video Goes to College” at the Conference on College Composition and Communication in New Orleans in 2008. In our work, we considered the limitations of viewing YouTube merely as a broadcasting platform and argued that YouTube should be regarded within the context of an everchanging and growing networked ecology. We decided our questions and conclusions might be best extended in an on-line journal setting like Enculturation, especially as the contributors could link to and engage with examples of video directly. Our initial CFP drew inspiration from a series of propositions about video culture forwarded by Henry Jenkins, and as the project unfolded, we found ways for our twelve authors to respond to emerging scholarship, such as John Burgess and Joshua Green’s _YouTube: Online Video and Participatory Culture_, Michael Strangelove’s _Watching YouTube: Extraordinary Videos by Ordinary People_, and Pelle Snickars and Patrick Vonderau’s _The YouTube Reader_. We see our collection as speaking to these recent works while also forging new connections and drawing sometimes conflicting conclusions about video and participatory cultures.

ARTICLES “Everything is in Everything: Why Writer’s Block Still Matters.” PRE/ TEXT: A Journal of Rhetorical Theory. 20.1 1-4 (2010): 45-73.

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This article examines the intersection between Joseph Jacotot, a French Reformation schoolmaster who posited a notion of the equal intelligence between students and teachers, and current academic scholarship on the problem of writer’s block. I argue that Jacques Ranciere’s reading of Jacotot’s work in _The Ignorant Schoolmaster: Five Lessons in Intellectual Emancipation_ invites a re-examination of “writer’s block” to the degree that it binds writers together. Dedicated to the memory of Donald M. Murray, my work uses Jacotot and Ranciere to return to Murray’s essay “When Writer’s Block in Isn’t” in Mike Rose’s often cited collection, _When A Writer Can’t Write_.

“Diogenes, Dogfaced Soldiers, and Deployment Videos.” Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy. 14.3 (Summer 2010). (w/ Bill Williamson) This webtext explores the cynical/kynical humor of soldier videos in combat zones like Iraq and Afghanistan. I suggests that the amateur videos paradoxically both undercut authority and honor effective leaders, both make light of and also publicly reveal deployment hardships, and both distance the performers from military groupthink and celebrate unit camaraderie. Bill Williamson designed the web interface and contributed valuable suggestions to this webtext’s final content.

“The Benefits of Integrating an Information Literacy Skills Game into Academic Coursework: A Preliminary Evaluation.” D-Lib Magazine: The Magazine of Digital Library Research. 16: 7/8. (July/August 2010). (w/ Karen Markey, University of Michigan et al., primary authors) This pilot study examines the outcomes of using a library search engine game called BiblioBouts that was designed to run in concert with the Web 2.0 library database tracking system, Zotero. This essay was written

by Karen Markey from the University of Michigan, and I am listed as one of its twelve co-authors. I granted access to my English 212 classroom and participated in numerous follow-up interviews on the project. SVSU student input also played a significant role in this publication.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS “The Sounds of Windows 95/Vista: Softing Our Aural Wares.” Rhetoric Society of America, Minneapolis, MN, May 2010. (w/ Thomas Rickert, Purdue University) “The Mask of Zotero 2.0: All About BiblioBouts, the Citation Game.”

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Computers and Writing Conference, Lafayette, IN, May 2010. “Virtual Change is in the (F)air: Electracy, Remixing, and the Ethics of Fair Use.� Conference on College Composition and Communication, Louisville, KY, March 2010.

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Basil A. Clark Professor of English Appointed to SVSU in 1975 Ph.D. Ohio State University M.A. University of Maine A.B. Bowdoin College

PAPERS “The Dwarf and Male Desire in Chrétien de Troyes.” Forty-fifth International Congress on Medieval Studies, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 13 May 2010.

Dwarfs are ubiquitous in medieval romance, most commonly as attendants upon chivalric knights. The locus of interest in my paper is on male sexuality in romance, specifically on how dwarfs become surrogates for ambivalent cavalier gender identity. The paper is informed by psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan and his symbolic-realimaginary triad, especially the symbolic and imaginary components. A dwarf may advance a knight’s reputation or he may retard it; if there are homosocial and homoerotic scenes in a romance and a knight or the narrator is uncomfortable about them, then this ambivalence may be displaced upon a dwarf, thus relieving a knight of character traits which he or the narrator rejects as unsuitable to the knight’s ideal conception of himself, the Lacanian Ideal-I (Freudian ego). I develop this argument with reference to Chrétien’s Erec et Enide, Le Chevalier de la charrette, and Le Chevalier au lion.

“Desire in Le Roman d’Enéas: A Twelfth-Century Romance.” Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI, 26 March 2010.

Le Roman d’Enéas is important to the development of chivalric romance.

Composed by an anonymous Norman poet around the middle of the twelfth century, it bridges the older epics and chansons de geste to a new romance style which became popular among an aristocratic audience at the end of the century and culminated, in England, in Sir Thomas Malory’s mid-fifteenth stories of King Arthur and his court. A reworking of the Aeneid, Le Roman d’Enéas stays close to Virgil for the most part, but at the end diverges remarkably from its Roman source to move from epic Research Bulletin 2010

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poetry to chivalric romance through its treatment of love. With reference to Jacques Lacan’s concept of desire de l’Autre (“desire of the Other”), my paper explores how the love of Enéas and Lavine is congruent with fin amor in romance and remarkably divergent from the lustful affair of Dydo and Enéas earlier in Carthage, which remains close to Virgil.

“Masculinities in Chrétien de Troyes: A Homoerotic Subtext.” The Seventeenth Biennial New College Conference on Medieval and Renaissance Studies, New College, Sarasota, FL,12 March 2010.

This paper follows the critical lead of recent queer theory to develop a response to three romances by Chrétien de Troyes: Erec et Enide, Le Chevalier de la charrette, and Yvain, The paper argues that these romances imperfectly conceal homoerotic tensions and that we should not assume that all of the eroticism in them is heterosexual. A queer reading of Chrétien, I argue, reveals the complexity and subtlety of these stories. We are fascinated by how martial agility and sensitivity to courtly love define a knight’s address to a lady whose servant he becomes in love, but love, even under these highly artificial standards, was as complex then as it is today. It does not work to insist upon a clean break between heterosexual and homosexual desire; the two are inescapably mixed.

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Sara Brooks Clark Studio Arts Technician Appointed to SVSU in 1992 M.F.A. Ohio University B.F.A. Illinois Wesleyan

ART EXHIBITIONS Art In the Heart of the City, Saginaw Art Museum Regional Exhibit, Saginaw, MI Nov. 2010 Exhibited Frozen Moss Geode Michigan Clay & Porcelain Artists Invitational, Greater Flint Arts Council, Flint, MI, Nov. 2010 Exhibited a selection of giant ice cream cones and lidded muffin sculptures.

Spirit of Art Winter Fine Arts Festival, Andersen Enrichment Center, Saginaw, MI, Dec. 2010 Exhibited a selection of functional work.

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Fenobia Dallas Associate Professor of Rhetoric & Professional Writing Appointed to SVSU in 2006 Ph.D. Michigan Technological University M.A. University of Tennessee at Chattannoga B.A. Fisk University

PRESENTATION Coordinating Professional & Technical Writing Internships—Praxis.

Techne. Metis. Nommo. Presentation at the 2010 Conference on College Composition and Communication, Louisville, Kentucky.

An integral component of many professional and technical writing programs is the application or practice step, known as an internship.

This paper addresses the coordinator’s changing role in managing semester-long internships from the initial student query to the completion of the projects. Much of the literature discusses the types of rewarding experiences for technical writers where classroom lessons are reshaped into workplace experiences. The actual management of internship programs is often identified as a coordinator position, with the requisite release time. However, in these times of shrinking resources—both in manpower and release time—a different approach to internship coordination is desired. The use of technology to connect students with the internship coordinator mimics the distance worker concept, providing students with a means to check-in and connect with other interns, while keeping the coordinator apprised of their updated status. In this instance, the use of an online course management system serves a three-fold need: 1. To provide students with academic assignments; 2. To provide students with a place to report workplace status reports; and 3. To provide students with a means to communicate with their cohort. Analysis of students’ weekly written comments about their internship experiences has revealed the importance of ensuring that students’ personality, skills, maturity, and organizational know-how be considered when assigning internships.

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Monika Dix Assistant Professor of Japanese Appointed to SVSU in 2010 Ph.D. University of British Columbia (Canada) B.A. University of Victoria (Canada)

ARTICLES AND PROCEEDINGS “Good Mother, Bad Mother: Reading the Jojin Ajari no haha no shu through the Lens of Gender.” Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meeting of the Association for Japanese Literary Studies (AJLS), New Brunswick, New Jersey, 6-8 November 2009, 21-27.

PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS “The Female World of Love and Ritual: Renegotiating Motherhood in Heian Japan.” Association of Teachers of Japanese (ATJ), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 25 to 28 March 2010.

“Miraculous Power of Music: The Buddhist Magic of the Flute in the Sixteenth-century Tale Bontenkoku.” Fourteenth Annual Asian Studies Conference Japan (ASCJ), Tokyo, Japan, 26-27 June 2010.

“Japanese Language and Culture: What IS Culture and How Can IT BE Used to Enrich Communicative Competence?” Teaching Japan: Pedagogical Possibilities in U.S. Higher Education, Chicago, Illinois, 29 to 30 October 2010.

GRANT Monika Dix. Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Chicago (JCCC) Japanese Language Education Grant. $200.

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Jesse Donahue Professor of Political Science Appointed to SVSU in 1996 Ph.D. Boston College B.A. University of California, Santa Cruz

BOOK with Erik Trump and Jesse Donahue, American Zoos During the Great Depression: A New Deal for Animals (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2010).

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Erik Trump and Jesse Donahue, “Danger! Circus Snakes Escape, Bite, and Terrify Audiences,” paper presented at the Popular Culture Association/American Culture Association, St. Louis, April 2, 2010

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Robert Drew Professor of Communication Appointed to SVSU in 1998 Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania M.A. University of Pennsylvania B.A. Columbia University

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION “Bohemia Meets the Borscht Belt: All Tomorrow’s Parties at Kutsher’s Country Club,” presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association, San Francisco, November 2010.

In 2008 it was announced that All Tomorrow’s Parties, an independent music festival originating in the U.K., would make its first-ever appearance in the Eastern U.S. at Kutsher’s Country Club in Monticello, New York. As a die-hard indie music fan who happens to have grown up in Monticello and spent a good part of my youth navigating Kutsher’s in various roles, this particular harmonic convergence of Borscht Belt culture and hipster culture served as an opportunity for reflection, remembrance, and ethnographic investigation. In this paper I watch, wander, converse, and dust off old diaries and photos, tacking between multiple roles as music maven, lapsed Jew, and upstate yokel, trying to make sense of indie’s mining of the past for authentic experience and of my own ambivalent quest for a home in modernity.

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Julie A. Foss Assistant Professor of Modern Languages Appointed to SVSU in 2009 Ph.D. Michigan State University M.A. Eastern Michigan University B.A. Albion College

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION “Refueling Your Textbook: Authentic Materials as Contextualized Language Input.” Annual conference of the Michigan World Language Association, Lansing, Michigan, October 2010.

Input has been called the “gas” that fuels language acquisition (Lee & VanPatten, 2003). Yet, the limited language input provided by many foreign language textbooks can leave both students and teachers “running on empty”. This presentation focused on supplementing textbook resources with culturally, contextually rich materials as input for acquisition of language forms and meanings. Strategies for integrating authentic materials (e.g., texts, songs, film clips) with an existing textbook and for developing standalone lessons and activities were presented.

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Eric Gardner Professor of English Appointed to SVSU in 1996 Ph.D. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign A.M. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign B.A. Illinois Wesleyan University

EDITED BOOK Hearts of Gold by J. McHenry Jones. West Virginia University Press, 2010.

Co-edited with John Ernest (West Virginia University).

This new scholarly edition shares—for the first time since its original publication—a fascinating 1896 novel of nineteenth-century Black life written by educator and activist J. McHenry Jones (1859-1909). In addition to providing the fullest biography of Jones to date, the in-depth bio-critical introduction places Hearts of Gold within key post-Reconstruction contexts and examines the novel’s treatment of subjects ranging from Black fraternal orders and interracial love to the late nineteenth-century’s notorious convict labor system.

ARTICLES “Forgotten Manuscripts: William Steward’s John Blye.” African American Review.

This piece shares, for the first time since their original publication in the African Methodist Episcopal Church’s flagship newspaper the Christian Recorder, a set of excerpts from John Blye, a novel that the Recorder serialized in 1878. The piece’s introduction establishes conclusively that William Steward was the “Will” to whom the novel was attributed and offers biographical information on Steward (1840-?), as well as contextual information on his important New Jersey family and early African Methodist Episcopal Church print culture. It then places John Blye within a broader framework of post-Reconstruction Black letters and considers a cluster of thematic issues key to the novel.

“Nineteenth-Century African American Literature and the ‘New Regionalism.’” Literature Compass 7.10 (October 2010): 935-945.

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While the study of nineteenth-century African American literature has gained a stronger position in the academy, the field often remains reduced to the study of stories of the South published in a handful of northeastern urban centers. However, paired with recent recovery efforts, new attention to questions of location and to various understudied regions like the Black West may cause a radical rethinking of nineteenth-century Black textual presences. This essay thus offers a preliminary discussion of the following questions surrounding the “new regionalism” within the study of nineteenthcentury African American literature: How do “new regionalist” scholars define and deploy ideas of region, place, and location? How to they engage with the expectations and stereotypes inherent in existing regional labels? How do the (sometimes) micro-historic approaches of “new regionalism” fit in dialogue with seemingly broader conceptions of hemispheric studies and/ or a “Black Atlantic”? What do “new regionalist” approaches offer the field of African American literature and the broader community? “‘Yours for the cause’: The Christian Recorder Writings of Lizzie Hart.”

Legacy, A Journal of American Women Writers 27.2 (2010): 367-391.

This piece shares, for the first time since their original publication in the African Methodist Episcopal Church’s Christian Recorder, a series of fourteen texts written by Jane Elizabeth (Lizzie) Hart. An introduction offers basic biographical information on Hart (1837-1887), who lived in the small town of Morrow, Ohio, as well as contextual information on the Recorder. It surveys Hart’s rich choice of subjects—ranging from commentary on the Fort Pillow massacre and the discriminatory practices in paying Black Union troops to discussions of local events and questions of Black education. As part of a thematic cluster on women and journalism in this issue of Legacy, it considers the ways in which Hart negotiated with the print venues open to her and discussed methods for the study of figures who literary critics and historians have often ignored.

“James Birney,” “Charlotte Forten,” “Marie Laveau,” “Daniel Payne,” and “Arthur Tappan.” Encyclopedia of African American History. Eds. Leslie Alexander and Walter Rucker. ABC-CLIO, 2010. 2: 326-327, 2: 407-409, 1: 223-224, 2: 499-500, and 2: 547-548.

These entries for a peer-reviewed reference volume provide biographical information—including some newly rediscovered material—on figures key to nineteenth-century African American history and culture, including white abolitionists James Birney and Arthur Tappan, Black author and teacher Charlotte Forten, Black mystic and entrepreneur Marie Laveau, and African Methodist Episcopal Bishop and author Daniel Payne.

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CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS “Early African American Print Culture and the American West,” Conference on Early African American Print Culture in Theory and Practice, Library Company of Philadelphia / McNeil Center for Early American Studies, Philadelphia, March 2010.

This paper begins with the recognition that the rich print culture emanating from Black California has suffered massive neglect because of both the failure of most models of print culture studies, literary history, and journalism history to consider African Americans’ interactions with periodical texts and because of geographic biases within some areas of nineteenth-century African American studies favoring the Northeast and the South as central subjects. To begin the kinds of re-mapping that will be necessary to realize the power and complexity of the potential nexus between scholarship of print culture and African American texts and textual interactions, this essay begins a comparative examination of three early African American newspapers in the San Francisco area—the Mirror of the Times (founded in 1857), the Pacific Appeal (founded in 1862), and the Elevator (founded in 1865). “‘Household Words’: Transnationalism and the Nineteenth-Century Black Press,” C19: The Society of Nineteenth-Century Americanists Inaugural Conference, Pennsylvania State University, State College, May 2010.

Focusing mainly on examples drawn from Frederick Douglass’s periodicals—especially Douglass’s dialogue with Punch cartoons and his reprinting of and commentary on the works of Charles Dickens—this paper examines how the nineteenth-century Black press represented and used British periodicals. It considers these issues in terms of both editorial reviews (of both periodicals in general and literary works in specific) and reprints, and it functions in dialogue with both Meredith McGill’s sense of cultures of reprinting and Ellen Gruber Garvey’s work on the physicality of cutting and pasting. It is also especially interested in the various conceptions of “exchange” in the early Black press.

REVIEWS Property Rites: The Rhinelander Trial, Passing, and the Protection of Whiteness, by Elizabeth M. Smith-Pryor. African American Review. Neither Fugitive nor Free: Atlantic Slavery, Freedom Suits, and the Legal Culture of Travel, by Edlie L. Wong. Journal of American History 97.1 (June 2010): 177.

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Daniel Gates Assistant Professor of English Appointed to SVSU in 2008 Ph.D. University of Notre Dame M.A. University of Notre Dame B.A. Seattle Pacific University

PAPER “‘Your Sense Pursues Not Mine’: Performing Measure for Measure 2.4 in Class.” Annual Meeting of the Shakespeare Association of America, Chicago, April 3, 2010.

Over the past thirty years, it has become the norm for students to learn Shakespeare by performing his plays in class. While numerous books and articles have been published outlining performance activities for more commonly taught plays such as Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar, Measure for Measure has generally been overlooked even though its ambiguities can be strikingly illuminated through contrasting performances. The pivotal conversation between Angelo and Isabella in Act 2, scene 4, in which he demands she sleep with him in exchange for her brother’s life, can produce remarkably different effects, revealing to students the variety of possibilities within the text. Dividing the long scene into units of about twenty-five lines allows students to rehearse and even memorize parts of it in a single class. Assigning the same brief section to multiple groups of students and having them perform it for their classmates lets the class assess the merits of alternative performances. The exercise can produce remarkable contrasts; in one instance, students were initially impressed by an overheated Angelo who thundered threats at Isabella, but they then found a disturbingly calm, laid-back Angelo who detailed how he planned to torture Isabella’s brother to death more persuasive in the context of the character’s behavior in the play as a whole. The approach also reveals when students do not grasp the meanings of a line, since it is clear when students are reciting lines unintelligibly. This exercise offers an immediate approach to the classroom study of a crucial and difficult scene, and it also demonstrates to students the range of interpretive possibilities in a single passage.

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Jane Girdham Professor of Music Appointed to SVSU in 1995 Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania M.A. Cardiff University H.Dip.Ed. Trinity College, Dublin B.Mus. University of Edinburgh

PAPER “Music for Girls: Both Education and Recreation.” Invited paper, Chawton House Library Seminar, Chawton, Hampshire, England, January 2010.

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Christopher Giroux Instructor of English Appointed to SVSU in 1999 M.A. Wayne State University B.A. Wayne State University

PAPERS “Composing the Body Historic: Time, History, Memory in Doug Wright’s I Am My Own Wife.” Michigan Academy, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI, 26 March 2010.

“Swinging with the Sisters Wing: Exploding Binaries in Shirley Geok-Lin Lim’s Sister Swing.” Louisville Conference on Literature and Culture since 1900, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 18-20 February 2010.

POETRY “Coffin.” Thema 22.2 (2010).

“Failing.” The Prose-Poem Project 1.3 (2010).

“Garden.” Bear River Review 2008-2009 5 (2010).

“Heartland.” The Ambassador Poetry Project 1.3 (2010).

“Peninsula.” The Ambassador Poetry Project 1.4 (2010).

“Stepmother.” The Prose-Poem Project 1.2 (2010).

“Uprooted.” Bear River Review 2008-2009 5 (2010).

“Winter Solstice.” The Prose-Poem Project 1.2 (2010).

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Gladys Hernandez Professor of Modern Foreign Languages Appointed to SVSU in 2001 Ph.D. Ohio University M.A. Ohio University M.A. Ohio University B.S. Universidad Pedagogica Nacional, Bogota, Columbia

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION “El Español en la clase de Negocios.” American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese, in Guadalajara, Mexico. July 2010.

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Dawn Hinton Associate Professor of Sociology Appointed to SVSU in 1997 Ph.D. Western Michigan University M.A. Western Michigan University B.A. University of Michigan–Flint

PUBLICATIONS “Creating Community on the Margins: The Successful Black Female Academician,” Urban Review 42 (2010): 394.

The experiences of a Black female academic, working at a predominately white institution (PWI), is explored in this work. The author suggests that Black women have been historically marginalized within most PWI’s and have been viewed in a negative light. Here it is suggested that Black women, in academe, view this position as one of power which can be used to propel them towards the goals of tenure and promotion. This work uses Black feminist theory to examine these experiences and to provide a proper context for analysis.

“The Impact of the Negative Image of the ‘Angry Black Woman’ on One’s Professional Career,” North Central Sociologist (Spring 2010): 9.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS “From the Bottom Up: Race, Gender, Class and Community” (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Sociological Society, Chicago, Illinois, March 31 - April 3, 2010).

Considerable literature exists that examines the contributions of Black Women’s Club Movement (BWCM) in the development of the Black community. However, the majority of those in leadership positions in the BWCM were overwhelmingly Black middle-class women. There is a dearth of literature that highlights the voices and the contributions of lower- and working-class Black women in the development of the Black community during the early and mid 1900s. This article uses the oral histories of two women who participated in the Black Woman’s Oral History Project (BWOHP). These women were active members of their communities and selected for the BWOHP because they were believed to have made considerable contributions to American society. A 34

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qualitative analysis is employed and findings indicate that both narrators lacked formal education, yet actively pursued knowledge and were self taught social researchers. In spite of their lack of formal training these women were actively involved in creating community organizations or joining previously existing organizations. The organizations to which they belonged were based on a social gospel, which applies biblical principles to solve social problems of the day. The lives and work of these two women illustrate that lower-class women were active in philanthropic activities during the mid 1900s.

“Teaching as a Scholar of Color.” Invited panel discussant at the annual meeting of the Midwest Sociological Society, Chicago, Illinois, March 31 April 3, 2010. with Karen Lang Krause, “The Effects of Race and Gender on Students’ Perceptions of Faculty Performance,” (Presented at the annual meetings of the Michigan Sociological Association November 5 - 6, 2010).

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Elaine Hunyadi Co-Director, Saginaw Bay Writing Project Appointed to SVSU in 2007 M.A. Saginaw Valley State University B.A. State University of New York

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Helen Raica-Klotz and (SVSU). “Transitional Conversations: Connecting Writing in High School and College.” Invited presentation, annual conference of the National Writing Project, Orlando, November 18, 2010.

This half-day workshop for high school and university teachers explored ways to increase understandings of each others’ teaching context, so teachers might enable students to make a smoother transition between high school and college writing. The goal of the presentation was to offer educators a framework for developing a Crosstalk project within their own teaching contexts. Klotz shared a 2009 collaborative project between SVSU First Year Writing faculty and area high school English teachers. Hunyadi discussed ways in which this project has inspired Saginaw Bay Writing Project to offer other venues for collaboration between high school and university faculty.

PERFORMANCES Midland Symphony Orchestra, violin. Works by Barber, Elgar and Mendelssohn, 6 November 2010. Works by Botticelli, Gillis, Murphy, Respighi, Tyzik and Wendel, 4 December 2010.

Midland Music Society, violin. Rogers and Hammerstein, The Sound of Music. 23, 24, 29, 30 October 2010.

GRANTS AND FUNDED RESEARCH with Diane Boehm and (SVSU). “Saginaw Bay Writing Project.” National Writing Project grant. $46,000. 1 July 2009 through 30 June 2010.

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Brad D. E. Jarvis Assistant Professor of History Ph.D. University of Minnesota M.A. Michigan State University

BOOK Author. The Brothertown Nation of Indians: Land, Identity, and Nationalism in Early America, 1740-1840. University of Nebraska Press, July 2010 “’For their own use and benefit’: The Brothertown Indians and the Difficulties of Land Ownership in the Old Northwest.” Panel titled “The Brothertown Indians and Citizenship: Race, Property, and Nationalism in the Early Republic.” Panel Organizer and Presenter. Thirty-second Annual Meeting of the Society for Historians of the Early American Republic, Rochester, New York, 25 July 2010

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J. Blake Johnson Assistant Professor of Art Appointed to SVSU in 2007 M.F.A. University of Idaho B.F.A. Art Center College of Design

GRANT SVSU Professional Growth Awards Funding for the paper sculpture series titled: Expletus. Artwork will be shown in the Alden B. Dow Museum of Science & Art, and the Midland Creative 360 gallery in 2011.

EXHIBITIONS “Bugs Plus,” Displayed at the Golden Gallery, Bay City, MI., April-May 2010. The ten works shown were skateboard decks of various sizes, each displayed a different design. All graphics were applied as printed vinyl.

PERFORMANCES Created the event graphics & costumes for Professor Theodore Sipes’ stage performance. Professor Sipes is in the Department of Music at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,

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Beth Jorgensen Assistant Professor of Rhetoric and Professional Writing Appointed to SVSU in 2007 Ph.D. Iowa State University M.A. Iowa State University B.A. Iowa State University

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION “What’s Shakespeare Have to Do with It? Identity in Professional & Technical Writing.” Association of Teachers of Technical Writing Conference, Louisville, KY. 2010.

Teachers and students of Professional and Technical Writing often struggle with misperceptions of our field both inside and outside the academy.

Within academics, rhetoric and technical writing are often housed in English departments which historically focus on literature. Consequently, our departmental colleagues may perceive our work as “mere” praxis; our interdisciplinary publication may be judged as “too far afield” or lacking theoria; and the journals which publish our scholarly work may be judged as marginal. Outside the academy, as our students enter the job market, potential employers often ask, “Why should I hire someone with an English degree?” under the assumption that English equates to literature.

Meanwhile, often struggle to understand the purposes of theory in a field which they, too, often label “technical” and “practical.”

The institutional context for this paper is the transformation of the SVSU Professional and Technical Writing (PTW) program into the Department of Rhetoric and Professional Writing. Three concerns emerge: establishing an institutional identity for rhetorical scholarship; gaining scholarly recognition while engaging in interdisciplinary and applied scholarship; and encouraging students to see themselves as “analysts” and “theorists” in addition to “makers” and “doers.”

The backdrop for my discussion includes three intersecting historical contexts: the dismissal of rhetoric as an epistemic pursuit, the two cultures split as characterized by the debate between F.R. Leavis and C.P Snow, and the fragmentation of intellectual work, within the academy as well as between the “ivory tower” and the civic arena. The presentation concludes with implications for pedagogy.

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Emily Kelley Assistant Professor of Art Appointed to SVSU in 2009 Ph.D. Cornell University M.A. Cornell University B.A. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

PAPER “Image and Text: The Relationship between the ‘Golden Legend’ Printed

by Juan de Burgos (c.1500) and the High Altarpiece of the Church of San Nicolás in Burgos (c. 1505).” Presented at the Bi-annual meeting of the Early Modern Image and Text Society. Beaufort, South Carolina; October 2010.

At the turn of the sixteenth century, printed books were becoming more accessible among middle class Castilians, making private religious devotion easier and impacting the content of lay artistic commissions.

Addressing the relationship between text and image in Burgos, Spain at the turn of the sixteenth century, this paper considered the link between the portrayal of saints on the high altarpiece of the Church of San Nicolás de Bari, a funerary altarpiece commissioned by the merchant Gonzalo López de Polanco, and a printed version of the Golden Legend, a book of saints’ lives that was produced in Burgos just three years earlier. This study examined the eight-scene narrative of the life of St. Nicholas that is at the center of Polanco’s altarpiece in terms of its connections to the account of St. Nicholas’s life printed in the Golden Legend. In doing so, this paper established that while Polanco was faithful to the printed text in many ways he also departed from it in order to enhance the relevance of the St. Nicholas legend for his family. By posing these comparisons between the high altarpiece of the Church of San Nicolás and the Golden Legend, this paper demonstrated that Gonzalo López de Polanco was able to not only enhance the religious experience of the parishioners of San Nicolás through the content of his altarpiece, but also he was able to highlight his own accomplishments as a pious citizen of Burgos.

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Sara Beth Keough Assistant Professor of Geography Appointed to SVSU in 2007 Ph.D. University of Tennessee M.S. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University B.S. Jacksonville University B.A. Jacksonville University

PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS “Keeping it Local: The Influence of Newfoundlanders on the Ft. McMurray Radio Market.” Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C. April 2010.

“Media and Migration: Negotiating Newfoundland Space and Place in Ft. McMurray, Alberta.” Midwest Association of Canadian Studies Meeting, Windsor, ON. October 2010.

GRANTS SVSU Foundation Grant for Senegal Study Abroad Trip ($10,500).

Canadian Embassy Faculty Research Grant ($7,520).

SVSU Faculty Research Grant ($5,750).

Student Research and Creativity Grant (Advisee: Bethany Benson): $7000 “Bi-lingualism and Bi-culturalism in Quebec City’s 400th Anniversary Celebration.”

EDITOR Material Culture (Pioneer America Society)

ARTICLES 2010. “The Wenhai Ecolodge: A Case Study of Culture and Environment in Southwest China.” FOCUS on Geography. 53 (2): 65-71.

2010. “The Importance of Place in Community Radio Broadcasting: A Case Study of WDVX, Knoxville, Tennessee.” Journal of Cultural Geography. 27 (1): 77-99.

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Jeffrey Koperski Professor of Philosophy Appointed to SVSU in 1997 Ph.D. Ohio State University M.A. Ohio State University B.E.E. University of Dayton

SEMINAR “The Philosophy of Science and Religion,� a one-week seminar presented to undergraduates and graduate students at Wuhan University, China, May 2010. The seminar was hosted by the Philosophy Department at Wuhan and paid for by a grant from Calvin College.

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Nameeta Mathur Associate Professor of History Appointed to SVSU in 2001 Ph.D. West Virginia University M.A. St. Stephen’s College, University of Delhi B.A. St. Stephen’s College, University of Delhi

ARTICLE “Images of Women’s Physical Culture in Communist Poland: A Critique of Press Reports” in European Studies in Sports History: 3 (2010): 79-95.

BOOK REVIEW Phyllis Lassner, Anglo-Jewish Women Writing the Holocaust. Minerva Journal of Women and War, Vol. 4, no. 1 (Spring 2010), pp.115-117.

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Margret McCue-Enser Associate Professor of Communication Appointed to SVSU in 2005 Ph.D. University of Iowa M.A. Colorado State University B.A. College of Saint Benedict and Saint John’s University

ARTICLE Derek Sweet and Margret McCue-Enser, “Constituting “the People” as Rhetorical Interruption: Barack Obama and the Unfinished Hopes of an Imperfect People.” Communication Studies, 61.5 (November December) 2010.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Derek Sweet, “Reprinting Martin Luther King Jr.: Barack Obama and the Homogenization of Injustice.” Western States Communication Association Convention, Rhetoric and Public Address Division. February 2011.

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Jennifer McCullough Assistant Professor of Communication Appointed to SVSU n 2009 Ph.D. Purdue University M.A. Purdue University B.A. Hanover College

GRANT “Time to Celebrate?: A Study of the Perceived Realism of Celebratory Scenarios and Celebratory Support Messages.” SVSU Endowed Faculty Association Scholarship, 2010.

This grant was awarded with the partnership of Bethany Kindley (Communication major)

JOURNAL ARTICLES with Bodie, G.B., Burleson, B.R., Gill-Rosier, J., Holmstrom, A.J., Rack, J.J., Hanasano, L., Mincy, J. (2010). Explaining the impact of attachment style on evaluations of supportive messages: A dual-process framework.

Communication Research. with Greene, J.O, Morgan, M., Gill, E., Graves, A. (2010). A phrase well turned: Creative facility in narrative production. Communication Studies, 61, 118-140. with Bodie, G.B., Munz, E. (2010). Now you’re speaking my language: Teaching Students to Translate Scholarly Research into Lay Vernacular.

Listening Education, 1, 20-26.

PAPERS PRESENTED AT PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS with Burleson, B.R., Bodie, G.B., Holmstrom, A.J., Rack, J.J., Hanasono, L.K., Rosier, J.G. (2010, November). Testing a Dual-Process Theory of Supportive Communication Outcomes: How Source, Message, Contextual, and Recipient Factors Influence Outcomes in Support Situations. Presented at the 97th Annual National Communication Association Conference, San Francisco, CA.

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with Bodie, G.B., Munz, E. (2010, April). Now you’re speaking my language: Teaching Students to Translate Scholarly Research into Lay Vernacular. Presented at the Central States Communication Association, Cincinnati, OH. with Burleson, B.R. Hanasano, L.K, J.J., Gill, Bodie, G.B., Holmstrom, J.N. (2010, April). Are Gender Differences in Responses to Supportive Communication a Matter of Ability, Motivation, or Both?: Reading Patterns of Situational Responses through the Lens of a Dual-Process Theory. Presented to the Central States Communication Association, Cincinnati, OH.

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Marsha Millikin Lecturer of Rhetoric & Professional Writing Appointed to SVSU in 2006 M.A. Texas A&M University Commerce B.S. The University of Texas at Tyler

PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS “Negotiating the First year Composition Gateway: From Basic Writing to the General Education Literature Class.” 61st Annual Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC) in Louisville, KY, March 18, 2010.

(Dis)Lodging the Basic Writers’ Paralysis: Contested Space and Contested Knowledge in Martin Luther King Jr.’s ‘Letter from Birmingham Jail.’” Michigan Council for the Teachers of English (MCTE) Conference in Lansing, MI, October 29, 2010.

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Michael R. Mosher Professor, Art/Communication & Digital Media Appointed to SVSU in 2000 M.F.A. San Francisco State University M.A. San Francisco State University B.A. Dartmouth College

PAPERS “San Francisco 1978-83: Socialist School and Rats for Profit”, presented in Autonomizing Art Spaces panel, 98th College Art Association (CAA), Chicago, IL. “Convergence 2K: Cell Phones, PDAs & the World Wide Web”, presented in History of Science and Technology panel, Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters meetings, Grand Rapids, MI. “Los Tres Grandes & San Francisco Community Murals”, presented in Spanish Language and Culture panel, Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters meetings, Grand Rapids, MI. “Bison Boys and Famous Monsters: 1970s Super-8mm Films of Jimm Juback and Carey Loren”, presented as part of 48th Ann Arbor Film Festival, Ann Arbor District Library, Ann Arbor MI.

ART WORKS Two Alaska mural proposals presentation sketches included in Grand Ideas exhibition, SCENE Metrospace, East Lansing, MI. “Cineastes: Pioneer High Film Teachers of the 1970s”, painting in acrylics and bronze leaf on Styrofoam, included in Intermission: new media artists reflect the Ann Arbor Film Festival. Curated by Donald Harrison, Director, AAFF. Ann Arbor Art Center, Ann Arbor MI. “LayOff’d”, painting, acrylics and china marker on panel, included in 2010 MEA/MAEA Art Purchase Exhibition, Michigan Education Association headquarters, Lansing, MI.

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Online Resources: Leonardo: The International Society for the Arts, Sciences and Technology http://leonardo.info/reviews/reviews2010.php January 2010. Review of City/Art: The Urban Scene in Latin America by Rebecca E. Biron, Editor. Review of Critical Play: Radical Game Design

by Mary Flanagan.

April 2010. Review of The Blender Gamekit, 2nd Edition: Interactive 3D for Artists by Carsten Wartmann, Editor.

May 2010. Review of Engineering Play: A Cultural History of Children’s Software by Mizuko Ito and Communities of Play: Emergent Cultures in Multiplayer Games and Virtual Worlds by Celiia Pearce and Artemesia.

June 2010. Review of The Manga Guide™ to Calculus by Hiroyuki Kojima, Shin Togami, and Becom Co., LTD. July 2010. Review of Dada in Paris by Michel Sanouillet; Michèle Humbert, Editorial Consultant; translated by Sharmila Ganguly; revised and expanded by Anne Sanouillet.

November 2010. Review of The England’s Dreaming Tapes by Jon Savage.

December 2010. Review of Mashup Cultures by Stefan Sonvilla-Weiss, Editor.

AWARDS SVSU Foundation Resource Grant, “Art Students’ Entrepreneurship Murals and Detroit Field Trip.” $2,000 in matching funds awarded.

Supplemental funds, $300, for CAA conference presentation of “San Francisco 1978-83: Socialist School and Rats for Profit.”

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Eric Nisula Professor of Music

PERFORMANCE bass gamba, the vielle, the lute and the alto recorder NORTHERN RENAISSANCE, a concert at First Presbyterian Church in Flint on Sunday, February 13, 2011.

Works by Adriano Banchieri, Jean Mouton, Pierre Passareau, Glogauer Liederbuch, Heinrich Isaac, Francisco Ortega, Loyset Compere, J.S. Bach, Jay Unger, Johann Fux and others.

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John H. Parham Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice Appointed to SVSU in 2010

PAPER Reexamining Political Participation in Rousseau’s Political Thought: Does Citizens’ Political Participation Include Public Discussions and Debates?

Commentators have interpreted that citizens are not allowed to engage in discussion and debate in public assembly in Rousseau’s Social Contract. However, authors dispute this negative interpretation and argue that citizens are allowed to do so.

Chaired panel on Disputing Citizen’s Rights and Maintaining Order MPSA, Chicago, IL, March 30 - April 3, 2010.

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Helen Raica-Klotz Writing Center Coordinator / English Lecturer Appointed to SVSU in 1998 M.A. Central Michigan University B.A. Central Michigan University

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS “What We Write, What We Say, What We Know: The Language of Peer Review.” Conference on College Composition and Communication, Louisville, Kentucky, 15 March 2010. (Co-presented with Mary Ann Krajnik Crawford, Christina Montgomery, and Ellen Schendel.)

“Conversations, Collaborations, and Creation: The formation of a Tutoring Program for Developmental Writers.” The Writing Program Administrators National Conference. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 16 July 2010.

“Harboring No Doubts: Cross Collaboration and Creation of a Developmental Writing Tutoring Program.” The International Writing Centers Association Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, 5 November 2010.

“Transitional Conversations: Connecting Writing in High School and College.” The National Writing Project Annual Conference, Orlando, Florida, 19 November 2010. (Co-presented with Elaine Hunyadi).

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Evelyn Ravuri Associate Professor of Geography Appointed to SVSU in 2004 Ph.D. University of Cincinnati M.A. Indiana University of Pennsylvania B.A. Indiana University of Pennsylvania

ARTICLE “Determinants of Net Migration in Montana, 1995-2000.� Great Plains Research. 2010. 20(2). Pp. 179-192.

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Thomas J. Renna Professor of History Appointed to SVSU in 1970 Ph.D. Brown University M.A. University of Nebraska B.A. University of Scranton

ARTICLE “Avignon vs Rome: Dante, Petrarch, Catherine of Siena.” Expositions: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities. Villanova Center for Liberal Education, vol.4, nos. 1-2 (2010), pp. 47-62.

PAPERS “Dante and Rome.” Annual meeting of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences & Letters, Calvin College, 26 March 2010.

“The Idea of Rome in Late Medieval Political Thought.” Annual conference of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, 21-25 April 2010.

“Franciscans on Empire.” 45th International Congress of Medieval Studies, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 13 May 2010.

“Augustinians on the Empire During the Avignon Papacy.” International Conference on Patristic, Medieval, and Renaissance Studies, Villanova University, Pennsylvania, 21-23 October 2010.

FUNDED RESEARCH Braun Fellowship Award – Year 3

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Kerry W. Segel Professor of English Appointed to SVSU in 1986 Ph.D. University of Texas at Austin M.A. University of Texas at Austin B.A. University of Utah

PRESENTATION “Beyond Translation: Designing ELL-focused Professional Development for Paraeducators and Mainstream Educators”. The NRCP 2011 Paraprofessional Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, May 12-14, 2011 English Language Learners (ELLs) are at greatest risk of academic failure in classes without teachers prepared in ESL methodology and second language acquisition. Bilingual paraeducators in such classrooms may be given the task of “teaching” these students without having the necessary educational preparation, or simply asked to translate, assuming that is sufficient for knowledge transmission. The key to academic success for ELLs in such classrooms is to provide professional development which fosters a teamwork approach involving both the paraeducator and the mainstream teacher. This presentation provides the underpinnings of such professional development, including understanding myths and realities of ELL education; exploring the appropriate roles of paraeducators in ELL education; L1 teaching methodologies appropriate for ELLs, and cooperative lesson planning and assessment. Participants will take part in a “mini” PD session, and be provided with useful resource information. with Noah Essenmacher: “Forugh Farrokhzad: A Twentieth-Century Poetic Voice for the Twenty-first Century”. Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters Annual Meeting, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, March 11, 2011.

The 20th-century Iranian poet Forugh Farrokhzad is revered by Iranian both inside Iran in the diaspora, and her work has been translated into many languages, including English. Despite these translations, Farrokhzad’s work is not well known in the English-speaking world. This presentation is designed to introduce Farrokhzad’s life and poetry, with Research Bulletin 2010

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a goal of encouraging the audience to seek out her works and introduce them to others. Each presenter will introduce and discuss one of her poems– focusing on what drew us to this particular work.

Task-based Language Teaching: From the Crossroads to the Course Syllabus”. Michigan Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (MITESOL) Annual Conference, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, October 01-12, 2010.

This workshop is designed to give participants the basic tools needed to develop a task-based syllabus. Participants will be given an overview to the fundamentals of task-based language learning, including a framework for creating a task-based syllabus. This framework, accompanied by examples, will provide the basis for engaging participants in the creation of a “mini-course” syllabus during the workshop. The workshop will utilize multiple media, with application handouts and resource guides for all participants.

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Kevin M. Simons Instructor of Music Appointed to SVSU in 2010 M.Music Central Michigan University B.Music University of Oklahoma

PERFORMANCES Baroque on Beaver, Chorus Conductor. Carissimi, Jephthe, 31 July 2010. Copland, Old American Songs, Set 2, 1 August 2010.

The Steiner Chorale, Artistic Director and Conductor. Works by Bruckner, Thiman, Liszt and Young, 11 December 2010. Mozart Requiem, 27 March 2011. Vaughan Williams Serenade to Music, works

by Dickau and Rodgers, 7 May 2011.

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Brian J. Thomas Assistant Professor of Sociology Appointed to SVSU in 2005 M.S. University of Oregon B.S. Michigan State University B.A. Michigan State University

ARTICLE “Food Deserts and the Sociology of Space: Distance to Food Retailers and Food Insecurity in an Urban American Neighborhood” International Journal of Human and Social Sciences 5:6 2010 Recent changes in food retailing structure have led to the development of large supercenters in suburban areas. These changes have led some authors to suggest that there are food deserts in some urban areas, where food is difficult to access, especially for disadvantaged consumers. This study tests the food desert hypothesis by comparing the distance from food retailers to food secure and food insecure households in one urban, Midwest neighborhood. This study utilizes GIS to compare household survey respondent locations against the location of various types of area food retailers. Results of this study indicate no apparent difference between food secure and insecure households in the reported importance of distance on the decision to shop at various retailers. However, there were differences in the spatial relationship between households and retailers. Food insecure households tended to be located slightly farther from large food retailers and slightly closer to convenience stores. Furthermore, food insecure households reported traveling slightly farther to their primary food retailer. The differences between the two groups was, however, relatively small.

GRANTS with Caitlin Cooper and Alyssa Tarrant (SVSU students). Allen Foundation Student/Faculty Research Grant. $2,776. May 2010-December 2010. “The SVSU Dirt Bag Earthen Greenhouse: Better health through year-long fresh vegetable.”

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earthbag construction techniques and earthen greenhouse productivity.

The greenhouses was built partially underground which better harnesses thermal energy to prolong the growing season well into the winter months. The purpose of the earthen greenhouse was to provide fresh produce year round. The project explored earthbag construction as an option for extending the growing season.

October 2010-October 2011. USDA Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education. $4,662. “Nutrition Education at Farmers Markets.”

This project will implement nutrition education pilot programs that focus on the benefits of eating a vegetable and fruit-rich diet, as well as presenting the farmers markets as venues for healthy food choices and active lifestyles. The programs will highlight the importance of eating fresh vegetables and fruits daily and the skills needed to change this behavior. This involves knowing how to prepare fresh produce as well as how to shop for this produce within the neighborhood.

Farmers markets will be introduced in the context of nutrition education program as a site where SNAP recipients and eligibles may use their Bridge Cards to acquire fresh produce. The farmers markets will also be introduced as a fun place for families to get their children interested in such foods. Each of the selected farmers markets is located in and surrounded by census tracts in which at least 50% of persons have gross incomes that are equal to or less than 185% of the poverty threshold. In addition, each of these farmers markets describe themselves as being located in “food deserts” in which the nearest grocers offering fresh fruits and vegetables are between two to five miles away.

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Diana Trebing Assistant Professor Communication Appointed to SVSU in 2007 Ph.D. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale M.A. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale Diplom, Johannes Gutenberg Universitaet, Mainz, Germany

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS “Give us Your Waste and we will shine: An Analysis of the Controversy Surrounding Nuclear Waste Transports in Germany.” National Communication Association Conference, San Francisco, CA, November 15, 2010. “’She/he Looked Like a Teacher….:” Exploring Barriers to Accurate Perception.” National Communication Association Conference, San Francisco, CA, November 15, 2010.

“Change Starts in the Classroom: Intercultural Communication Textbooks Under the Microscope.” Central States Communication Conference, Cincinnati, OH, April 15, 2010.

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Erik Trump Professor of Political Science Appointed to SVSU in 1998 Ph.D. Boston University B.A. University of California at Santa Cruz

BOOK with Jesse Donahue, American Zoos During the Great Depression: A New Deal for Animals (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2010).

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Jesse Donahue, “Danger! Circus Snakes Escape, Bite, and Terrify Audiences,” paper presented at the Popular Culture Association/ American Culture Association, St. Louis, April 2, 2010

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Bill Williamson Associate Professor of Rhetoric and Professional Writing Appointed to SVSU in 2005 Ph.D. Michigan Technological University M.S. Michigan Technological University B.S. Michigan Technological University

EDITED PUBLICATIONS Programmatic Perspectives: Journal of the Council for Programs in Technical and Scientific Communication. 2.1 (March 2010). Editors: Tracy Bridgeford, Michael Salvo, Bill Williamson.

Programmatic Perspectives: Journal of the Council for Programs in Technical and Scientific Communication. 2.2 (September 2010). Editors: Tracy Bridgeford, Michael Salvo, Bill Williamson.

ARTICLES “Some Thoughts on Emerging Programmatic Phenomena: Professional Certification and Online Technical and Scientific Communication Programs.” Programmatic Perspectives: Journal of the Council for Programs in Technical and Scientific Communication. 2.2 (September 2010).

PAPERS “Rewriting Institutional Geographies and Crafting Departmental Identities in Times of Uncertainty and Change.” Delivered at the Council for Programs in Technical and Scientific Communication in Boise, ID. “Negotiating Institutional and Cultural Value Gaps.” Delivered at the Conference of the Association of Teachers of Technical Writing in Louisville, KY. 2010

GRANTS AND FUNDED RESEARCH Green News Network, $1,500, a project by Lisa Luce and Julie Luce funded by the Student Research and Creativity Institute.

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William B. Wollner Associate Professor of Music Appointed to SVSU 1982 M.A. University of Denver B.M.E. Indiana University

PERFORMANCES Midland Symphony Orchestra, Midland, Michigan, principal horn. Works

by Wagner, Gershwin, Rimsky-Korsakov, 6 February 2010. Works by Holst and Bruckner, 17 April 2010. Works by Dvorak, Rachmaninoff, McMichael and Respighi, 2 October 2010. Works by Mendelssohn, Barber and Elgar, 6 November 2010. Works by Gillis, Respighi, Adam, Murphy, Rimsky-Korsakov and others, 4 December 2010.

Midland Music Society, Midland, Michigan, horn. Charlap, Styne, Leigh, Comden and Green, Peter Pan, 20, 25, 26 and 27 March 2010. Rodgers and Hammerstein, The Sound of Music, 23, 24, 29 and 30 October 2010.

Holiday Extravaganza, 18 December 2010.

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Matthew Zivich Professor of Art Appointed to SVSU in 1976 M.F.A. Indiana University B.S. University of Michigan

ART WORKS Oil painting, “Kathy, Bloomington, 1964,” Slusser Gallery, 2000 Bonisteel Boulevard, North Campus, Ann Arbor, Michigan. July 16 to August 6, 2010.

Sculpture, “Enclaves,” 2000, wood, foam-core board, illustration board, collage, acrylic paint and Plexiglas vitrine on view at the University of Michigan School of Art “Work.Detroit” gallery. “Considering the City” September 10, 2010 to October 8, 2010.

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College of Business and Management The College of Business and Management recognizes that students pursuing four-year degrees in business and economics at SVSU have two major objectives for their academic training at SVSU. First, they intend to achieve specialized skills adequate to qualify them for entrylevel positions in a variety of private and public enterprises. Generally, the specialized content of majors offered by the College makes this objective possible. But the College also recognizes that students have a broader objective. During their four-year experience at SVSU, business and economics students plan to lay a broad foundation of knowledge, and they plan to sharpen their communication skills with the expectation that these efforts will enrich their lives generally and prepare them for leadership roles in our society.

As a result of the total SVSU experience — including careful selection of coursework outside of the College and participation in cultural and other campus events and activities — students expect to gain a better appreciation of the arts, literature and the sciences; they expect to have a better sense of history and the workings of the social, political and legal institutions that form their environment; they expect to be able to speak, listen, write and read more effectively; and they expect to have a more global perspective of their total environment.

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Saginaw Valley State University

Anthony R. Bowrin Associate Professor of Accounting Appointed to SVSU in 2009 Ph.D. Southern Illinois University – Carbondale M. Sc. The University of the West Indies B.Sc. The University of the West Indies

PUBLICATIONS Anthony R. Bowrin (SVSU) and James King II (SIU-Carbondale). Time Pressure, Task Complexity and Audit Effectiveness. Managerial Auditing Journal 25.2 (2010): 160-181.

This study examines the relationships among time pressure (TP), task complexity, and audit effectiveness. It was motivated by the conflicting results reported in prior TP studies. The research hypotheses were developed using McGrath’s (1976) interactional model of the YerkesDodson Law. Data were collected using a two-treatment field experiment involving sixty-three public accountants. The results show a negative, interactional relationship among time pressure (TP), task complexity and audit effectiveness. The first limitation concerns the non-random procedure used to recruit public accounting firms and auditors. Secondly, there is the less than perfect operationalization of the task complexity construct. Firstly, the findings suggest that public accounting firms may need to resist the urge to reduce the time allowed for performing compliance tests, and provide training to improve the detection rate for all type of compliance deviations. Secondly, the fact that the rate of change in audit effectiveness, in response to changes in TP, was different for the two audit tasks studied, suggests that it may not be appropriate for audit planners to assume a uniform TP effect across the various tasks involved in an audit. This insight has implication for the trade-offs between the lower direct audit costs associated with tighter time budgets, and possible increases in audit risk associated with lower audit effectiveness. Two unique aspects of this study are the operationalization of TP as a continuous random variable and the use of z-scores to standardize the audit effectiveness measure.

Anthony R. Bowrin (SVSU). Traditional Craft Designs: Getting the number right! The CASE Journal 7.1 (2010): 1-5 Research Bulletin 2010

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Traditional Craft Designs (TCD) was a sole proprietorship located in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. The firm’s owner, Ms. Debra Atwell, was recently offered an attractive opportunity to lease space at the Crown Point International Airport, Trinidad and Tobago to establish a retail outlet. She met with an officer of the National Entrepreneurship Development Company (NEDCO) to discuss the opportunity and seek a $40,000 loan to finance the capital and operating costs associated with the proposed retail outlet. Students are required to assist Ms. Atwell with the preparation of historical financial statements and the financial analysis that must accompany her loan application. The process is complicated by the fact that Ms. Atwell maintained piecemeal financial records. It is expected that students will spend approximately 6 hours preparing the case and that the case can be covered in 3 to 4 hours of class time.

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Gary L. Clark Professor of Marketing Appointed to SVSU in 1991 D.B.A. University of Kentucky M.B.A. Eastern Illinois University B.S. Eastern Illinois University

ARTICLE with Michael L. Crawford and Michael E. King. “Opinions of Marketing Faculty About Client-Financed Real-World Projects: A Qualitative Study Using Content Analysis.” Review of Management Innovation and Creativity. July 2010, Volume 3, Issue 6.

Lectures have long been a central characteristic of traditional university learning; however, increasingly marketing faculty are including clientbased projects in their curricula. Even though client-based projects have been used for several years, there are gaps in our knowledge about marketing professors’ opinions regarding the value of such “live-case” projects. This study empirically explores the perceptions of marketing faculty toward a specific type of client-based project: the client-financed project (C-FP). We surveyed a nationwide sample of marketing faculty at AACSB accredited schools to empirically address two questions: 1) “What are the demographics of marketing faculty who have supervised a client-financed project since September 2006?” and 2) “What are the qualitative opinions of marketing educators about client-financed projects?” Evaluation results indicate widespread support for using C-FPs because such projects provide multiple benefits for the students.

Our respondents made several positive statements about the value of a C-FP such as: useful, realistic, fun and invaluable for the students, an essential component in the learning process that improves higherorder learning, and is a great learning experience that is a good way for students to apply their knowledge to a real-world issue. From our content analysis of respondents’ statements, it is apparent that marketing faculty have a high opinion of the value of the client-financed project.

For example, one professor wrote “for students; best return on their educational investment.”

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CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Austin Beattie (Honors Student at SVSU), Dr. Mark W. McCartney (SVSU). “The Role of Perceptions in Viewing Annual Reports� 41st Annual Meeting of the Decision Sciences Institute. November, 2010.

This study used the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion (ELM), a social persuasion model used in commonly in marketing and psychology, to observe the effect of peripheral cues (distractions) on the perceptions of users of annual reports. The ELM postulates that the recipient of a persuasive communication will follow one of two routes to persuasion, the central route or the peripheral route, depending on the expertise the individual has to process the central merits of the persuasive communication as well as his or her motivation to process the central merits of the persuasive communication.

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Said Elfakhani Harvey Randall Wickes Endowed Chair in International Business Appointed to SVSU in 2008 Ph.D. University of Texas at Dallas M.Sc. University of Texas at Dallas M.B.A. University of Texas at Arlington B.B.A. Lebanese University

ARTICLES AND CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS with Chahine, S. (American University of Beirut), 2010. “The Effect of Deregulating Price Limit on Stock Split in Japan.” The International Review of Applied Financial Issues and Economics Journal, Vol. 2, No. 3, http://www.irafie.com/effect-fulltext.php.

This paper examines the market reaction to the abolition in 2001 of the minimum ¥50,000 net asset value (NAV) per share required for stock splits in Japan. Using pre-split NAV levels for a sample of 321 splits from 2002 to 2005, we find that split announcements are associated with statistically significant positive abnormal returns regardless of the level of NAV, which is consistent with the fixed-signalling hypothesis.

However, we find that high-NAV firms significantly out-perform low-NAV firms after the new law passed, thus suggesting a lower signalling effect in low-NAV splitting firms. Our empirical findings confirm that the market strongly reacts to relevant information on neglected firm, but fail to show empirical support to the value of the strength of the split signal, thus refuting the trading price range hypothesis. Based on a sub-sample, we find that the post-split trading volume increases in percentage of the total shares outstanding, thus providing support to the liquidity hypothesis. Interestingly, further investigations show that splitting firms with a higher NAV and a smaller size (or higher split ratio) have a higher market reaction at the time of the news. This suggests that investors do consider the level of the NAV in their trading strategies around stock split announcements. with Haddad, M. (University of Tennessee-Martin), G. Homaifar (Middle Tennessee State University), H. Ahmedov (Middle Tenessee State University), 2010. “Intertemporal Test of Beta Stationarity Performance of Islamic Sector Structured Mutual Funds.” The Journal of International Business & Entrepreneurship Development, Vol. 4, No. 4 (2009), pp.

275-285.

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The purpose of this research paper is to examine social Islamic mutual funds’ financial performance. Since Islamic mutual funds have only been around for the past two decades, most of the research on this topic is fairly new. In this study we apply the single factor model of Schwert and Seguin (1990) to a sample of Islamic Mutual funds. Several studies have investigated the characteristics of individual Islamic mutual funds . Using the S&P500 and the FTSE Global Islamic indices on sector structured Islamic mutual funds, our results suggest that the volatility of the market and that of the Islamic mutual funds portfolio behave in a different manner with inter and intra market proxies. The volatility persistence of each Islamic mutual fund portfolio and its systematic risk are significantly related. The systematic risks of different portfolios tend to move in a different direction during periods of increased market volatility. We gain an insight into the return dynamics and the process in which Islamic Mutual funds prices are determined. with N. El-Meslmani (Concordia University), 2010. “An Examination of the Interrelationship between Arab Markets and Economic Indicators.�

The Middle-East Journal of Business, Major Study, Vol. 5, Issue 2.

The stock markets in the MENA region, and particularly in the GULF, have experienced significant growth and earned exceptional returns in the past decade. This observation deserves further investigation aimed at understanding the dynamics within which these markets have developed. Toward this end, this paper explores whether the sampled seven MENA Arab markets have long-term relationships with specific global economic indicators such as movements in oil prices, gold prices, S&P 500 index, and MSCI index. Such a relationship, if confirmed, could help in assessing whether these markets are mispriced, and the extent to which these markets movements can be predicted. Using cointegration analysis, our tests confirmed the existence of long-term bivariate relationships between oil prices and the markets of KSA, Kuwait, Egypt, Oman, and Tunisia. Tunisia, Oman, and Egypt also exhibited long-term relationships with gold prices. With regard to other international indexes, long-term relationships were found among KSA and Oman with S&P 500 index; whereas KSA, Morocco, and Oman markets were individually integrated with MSCI. We conclude that investors who are bullish about oil prices can find markets cointegrated with oil to offer good investment opportunities. On the other hand, the lack of integration of some markets with the international capital markets could be considered a sign that these markets need more time to mature.

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with N. Mulama (SVSU), 2010. “Determinants of FDIs in Emerging Markets: The Case of Brazil, China and India.” The Proceedings of the SAICON 2010-Academy of Global Business Advancement (AGBA) South Asia Chapter’s 2nd International conference, Chapter, July, 2010.

This paper seeks to find the main incentives which have made Brazil, India and China attractive for foreign direct investment, and for that we consider new untested explanatory variables to assess the hypothesized impact of financial markets and economic conditions, as well as other social and political factors. Regressing net FDI inflows on these variables during the full data series (1980-2008), and after controlling for severe econometric problems, the nested block regression concludes that the economic/financial variables account for 57% of the change in net inward foreign direct investment, followed by social variables. The nested block regression shows that for the past ten-year data series (19992008), one social variable (life quality proxied by energy consumption) emerges first followed by financial variables including GDP, inflation, trade balance and sovereign credit risk (R2 is 49% for life quality and 26% for financials, respectively), and India appear to lag behind China and Brazil. These findings represent our major contribution to the FDI determinants literature. Therefore, we recommend that countries which intend to attract more inward foreign direct investment may want to consider paying more attention to the economic/financial incentives, among others, to be able to optimize the amount of FDI flowing in from foreign investors. with Wayne Mackie, “The Determinants of FDIs in BRIC Countries” Third Annual Global Management Conference, Budapest, May 4-7, 2011.

This paper identifies the main incentives which have made Brazil, Russia, India and China among the most attractive countries for foreign direct investment. We regress net FDI inflows during the full sampling period (1980-2008) on an expanded set of economic/financial, social and political variables beyond what was reported in earlier studies, but after we control for autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity problems that constrained early literature. Unlike previous studies that found GDP to be a major determinant of FDI, we find that large population size and highly skilled labor are crucial even if the host country had less civil liberties, less economic freedom and restrictive capital repatriation.

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Social variables were found to account for 40% of the change in net inward foreign direct investment in BRIC countries, followed by political variables (7%). The 1999-2008 sub-period, however, experienced a shift in focus to GDP growth, large exports, controlled changes in currency risk and sovereign debt risk, improved health care system, and solid property protection as the main drivers. In particular, the nested regression results show that the economic/financial variables block gained momentum in explaining inward FDI variations compared to the social variables block and political variables (32%, 33%, and 19%, respectively). The emergence of financial variables block as significant determinants for FDI represents our major contribution to the FDI determinants literature. On the other hand, when testing individual countries, there seem to be diverse drivers of inward country FDI.

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Ling He Associate Professor of Accounting Appointed to SVSU in 2010 Ph.D. University of Florida M.S. University of Florida B.A. University of International Business and Economics in China

ARTICLES with Gary Koehler and Haldun Aytug, “Disclosure Control of Confidential Data by Applying PAC Learning Theory”, Journal of Database Management, Volume 22, Number 4, 2010, pages 111-123.

This paper examines privacy protection in a statistical database from the perspective of an intruder using learning theory to discover private information. With the rapid development of information technology, massive data collection is relatively easier and cheaper than ever before.

The challenge is how to provide database users with reliable and useful data while protecting the privacy of the confidential information. This paper discusses how to prevent disclosing the identity of unique records in a statistical database. The authors’ research extends previous work and shows how much protection is necessary to prevent an adversary from discovering confidential data with high probability at small error. with Judith Gebaurer and Douglas Kline, “Password Security Risk Versus Effort: An Exploratory Study on User-Perceived Risk and the Intention to use Online Applications”, Proceedings of CONISAR 2010, Nashville, TN. In the current paper, we present the results of a study that explored the relationship between user-perceived security risk of online applications and the efforts associated with password use. Based on data that were collected from undergraduate students and analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method, we found that the reactions of users to efforts related with password strength differed from the reactions to efforts related with frequency of required password change. In general, long and complicated passwords appear to be more acceptable than passwords that need to be changed very often, in particular for applications that users perceive to be of high risk. The results of our study should be of interest to practitioners who need to balance organizational needs with individual user behavior when developing effective security strategies, and to researchers who are interested in the conceptualization of fit-variables.

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Yu Liu Assistant Professor of Management Appointed to SVSU in 2009 Ph.D. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute M.S. Fudan University B.S. Fudan University

PAPER with Scott Julian and Joseph Ofori-Dankwa, “Nested Resource-Based Contingency in an Emerging Economy”, Academy of Management Conference, August 6-10 2010, Montreal.

The Contingent Resource Based View emphasizes the importance of the external environment in determining resource value. However, such relationships may themselves depend on broader institutional conditions, an instance we term “nested contingency”. While contingency research in the West has shown a negative interaction between dynamism, leverage and performance, the nascent state of financial markets, the resulting difficulty of obtaining capital, and the variety of potential network benefits associated with leverage in sub-Saharan contexts suggests a nested contingency perspective. A varietyof resource advantages attend debt access in such contexts and suggest a positive interaction between dynamism, leverage, and performance. Using longitudinal data from Ghanaian corporations for 1996 through 1999, our findings suggest that the level of environmental dynamism positively moderates the firm leverage-performance relationship, such that, somewhat counterintuitively, a strongly negative effect of leverage on performance in stable sectors becomes slightly positive in highly dynamic ones. We unpack the implications of these results for theory and practice.

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Wayne Mackie Professor of Finance Appointed to SVSU in 1977 Ph.D. Michigan State University M.B.A. Georgia State University B.S. St. Mary’s College

PAPER with Said Elfakhani, “The Determinants of FDIs in BRIC Countries� Third Annual Global Management Conference, Budapest, May 4-7, 2011.

This paper identifies the main incentives which have made Brazil, Russia, India and China among the most attractive countries for foreign direct investment. We regress net FDI inflows during the full sampling period (1980-2008) on an expanded set of economic/financial, social and political variables beyond what was reported in earlier studies, but after we control for autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity problems that constrained early literature. Unlike previous studies that found GDP to be a major determinant of FDI, we find that large population size and highly skilled labor are crucial even if the host country had less civil liberties, less economic freedom and restrictive capital repatriation.

Social variables were found to account for 40% of the change in net inward foreign direct investment in BRIC countries, followed by political variables (7%). The 1999-2008 sub-period, however, experienced a shift in focus to GDP growth, large exports, controlled changes in currency risk and sovereign debt risk, improved health care system, and solid property protection as the main drivers. In particular, the nested regression results show that the economic/financial variables block gained momentum in explaining inward FDI variations compared to the social variables block and political variables (32%, 33%, and 19%, respectively). The emergence of financial variables block as significant determinants for FDI represents our major contribution to the FDI determinants literature. On the other hand, when testing individual countries, there seem to be diverse drivers of inward country FDI.

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Mark W. McCartney Professor of Accounting Appointed to SVSU in 1998 Ph.D. University of Memphis M.B.A. Grand Valley State University B.S. Ferris State University

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Dr. Ronald Marden (Appalachian State University) and Professor Lawrence Kickham (SVSU) “M & M Furniture, Inc.” 41st Annual Meeting of the Decision Sciences Institute. November, 2010.

M & M Furniture, Inc. is an internal auditing case study based on a “real world” audit that went badly. The case study has two primary objectives: (1) to demonstrate the importance of appropriate interviewing skills and a structured audit program; and (2) to identify issues using International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing and the Internal Auditing Code of Ethics, demonstrating how both are an integral part of the audit process. with Mr. Austin Beattie (Honors Student at SVSU) and Dr. Gary Clark (SVSU) . “The Role of Perceptions in Viewing Annual Reports.” 41st Annual Meeting of the Decision Sciences Institute. November, 2010.

This study used the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion (ELM), a social persuasion model used in commonly in marketing and psychology, to observe the effect of peripheral cues (distractions) on the perceptions of users of annual reports. The ELM postulates that the recipient of a persuasive communication will follow one of two routes to persuasion, the central route or the peripheral route, depending on the expertise the individual has to process the central merits of the persuasive communication as well as his or her motivation to process the central merits of the persuasive communication.

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Kaustav Misra Assistant Professor of Economics Appointed to SVSU in 2011 Ph.D. Mississippi State University M.S. University of Kentucky M.B.A. Webster University B.S. Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya

PAPERS “The Effects of Community Social Capital on School Performance: A Spatial Approach”, Western Economics Association International Conference, San Diego, June 29-July 3, 2011.

The influence of social capital on economic activities has been a central theme in the literature for quite a long time, but the relationship between social connectedness and school choice has not been addressed. If the primary objective of social capital is to create cohesiveness through the connectivity of community members, then it is clear that parents’ school choice decisions are influenced by the groups or organizations to which they belong. Ni (2007) argues that parents’ decision not only influence students’ academic performance, but also affect school expenditures.

Thus, it is worthwhile to investigate the effect of social capital on school performance. But measuring of social capital is a debatable issue for a long time. In this paper we create a geographically bounded community around a school with the help of GIS instead of following the commonly used political boundaries such as school district or county to measure social capital. Then we develop the social capital stock for each school to understand the relationship between the school’s performance and social capital. We gathered social capital variable from the Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development (NRCRD) and all other data are collected from the Mississippi Department of Education for the academic year 2005-2006. We find that a school community with a higher social capital significantly increases public primary school performance. The results also suggest that students’ race and socio-economic status significantly reduce primary school performance. This research helps to understand the importance of social capital from spatial perspectives and will guide policy makers for future resource allocation.

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with E. Memili, JJ Chrisman, EPC Chang, “The Propensity to use Nonfamily Managers’ Incentive Compensation in Family Firms” Academy of Management, San Antonio, August 12-16, 2011.

We use an economic utility perspective to examine nonfamily managers’ incentive compensation in family firms. Specifically, we suggest that the family involvement in the business through ownership, management, and intentions for transgenerational succession can influence the incentive compensation paid to nonfamily managers in the form of profit sharing and bonuses in family firms. We develop and test our model on a sample of 1143 small family firms. Our findings suggest that the three components of family involvement are negatively associated with nonfamily managers’ incentive compensation in family firms. Further research and practical implications are discussed. with EPC Chang, E. Memili, “Entrepreneurship Capital in American Countries: A Panel Data Analysis”, Academy of Management, San Antonio, August 12-16, 2011.

Entrepreneurship capital refers to the factors of a region that drives new businesses (Audretsch & Keilbach, 2004). This study considers industry growth and performance in manufacturing, retail and service as components of entrepreneurship capital to drive the long term growth of new establishments. Using a panel data of 2,940 counties from 20022007, our results support the notion that the overall new venture activity is benefited by the industry growth and performance. Future research directions and practical implications are also discussed. with E. Memili, JJ Chrisman, “The Link Between Corporate Governance, Family Involvement, and Firm Performance” Family Enterprise Research Conference, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, May 6-8, 2011.

Many publicly traded corporations in the U.S. and around the world are controlled by families (Villalonga & Amit, 2006, 2009). Family involvement occurs when a family exerts control over the firm through ownership and management (Chrisman et al., 2004). Accordingly, family controlled publicly traded firms are those in which the founders or family members are officers, directors, or blockholders, either individually or as a group (Villalonga & Amit, 2009). When family involvement leads to pursuit of particularistic goals and strategies (Carney, 2005), family firm behavior and performance are expected to be distinct from those in nonfamily firms and other family firms as well. Owing to the inherent differences 80

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between family and nonfamily firms and among family firms themselves, the investigation of family involvement in corporate governance is important to have a better understanding of corporate governance dynamics in family firms, their impact on the firm performance as well as the world economies in the broader sense. We draw upon agency theory (Fama & Jensen, 1983; Jensen & Meckling, 1976) with a focus on owner-owner agency problems (Shleifer & Vishny, 1997) and corporate governance concerned with i) corporate control, power, ownership, and performance; ii) shareholder value and activism; and iii) control enhancing mechanisms (Becht et al., 2005; Gompers et al., 2003; Hart, 1995; Herman, 1981) as well as the extant family business literature to examine the link between family involvement, corporate governance mechanisms, and firm performance. This can enrich not only family business research but also corporate governance studies through enhancing theory development and prompting new empirical studies. with Sam Sarkar, “Determinants of Firm Formation: An International Perspective�, Western Economic Association International Conference, San Diego, June 29-July 3, 2011.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the associated factors which determine the business formation around the European countries. The panel data are used for 15 countries from 2003 to 2006 in this paper.

This paper finds significant relationships between days of firm formation and lending interest rates, start-up procedures, taxes and per capita gross domestic product. This analysis demonstrates that formation of a new business in a country is significantly associated with country’s institutional factors. Hence, to encourage business formation policy makers should develop business friendly institutional tools which will increase interests and capabilities of entrepreneurs to form new businesses.

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Joseph Ofori-Dankwa Professor of Management Appointed to SVSU in 1987 Ph.D. Michigan State University M.Sc. University of Wales M.L.I.R Michigan State University L.L.B. University of Ghana

ARTICLE with Scott D. Julian (Wayne State University) Utilizing an Integrative Multi-Lens Model to Explain Firm Performance in “Double Void” Emerging Economies International Studies of Management and Organization, Vol 41:2, Summer 2001, pg. 5 - 27 Research has examined firm performance primarily in emerging economies such as Central and Eastern Europe and China. These economies had “institutional voids,” characterized by major institutional gaps associated with transitioning from a command to free market system. These economies however had moderate levels of factors of production. This study extends the emerging economies literature in four distinct ways. First, we call for an examination of firm performance in a category of under-research emerging economies that we term “double void.” These have low levels of both market institutions and factors of production. Second, we develop a model integrating two theoretical perspectives used in current research (institutional theory and resource based view) with resource dependence theory, which has not been used much but is particularly relevant to double void emerging economies.

Third, we use our integrative multi-lens model to highlight factors affecting firm performance in double void contexts. Finally, we explore and highlight several research implications of our article for extending research in emerging economies.

PAPER with Scott Julian and Yu Liu, “Nested Resource-Based Contingency in an Emerging Economy”, Academy of Management Conference, August 6-10 2010, Montreal, Canada.

The Contingent Resource Based View emphasizes the importance of the external environment in determining resource value. However, such 82

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relationships may themselves depend on broader institutional conditions, an instance we term “nested contingency�. While contingency research in the West has shown a negative interaction between dynamism, leverage and performance, the nascent state of financial markets, the resulting difficulty of obtaining capital, and the variety of potential network benefits associated with leverage in sub-Saharan contexts suggests a nested contingency perspective. A variety of resource advantages attend debt access in such contexts and suggest a positive interaction between dynamism, leverage, and performance. Using longitudinal data from Ghanaian corporations for 1996 through 1999, our findings suggest that the level of environmental dynamism positively moderates the firm leverage-performance relationship., such that, somewhat counterintuitively, a strongly negative effect of leverage on performance in stable sectors becomes slightly positive in highly dynamic ones. We unpack the implications of these results for theory and practice.

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Hong Y. Park Professor of Economics Appointed to SVSU in 1975 Ph.D. Utah State University M.B.A. Fairleigh Dickenson University M.A. Seoul National University B.A. Kyung Hee University

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Hyejung Chang (Kyung Hee University) and Sang Kyu Lee (The University of Suwon, Korea) “Ideation as a Practice for Knowledge Creation and Protection” is accepted for publication by the International Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Change Management, Vol. 10, No. 3.

Hong Y. Park presented this paper at the 10th International Conference on Knowledge, Culture and Change in Organization, July 26-28, 2010, Montreal, Canada The purpose of this paper is to review the nature of knowledge and knowledge creation. The review of literature identifies issues that need to be resolved in knowledge creation. The paper, then, examines ideation, one of the emerging knowledge creation practices. The paper studies how knowledge creation practices address theoretical issues and evaluates ideation from the theoretical perspective of knowledge creation and protection.

Ideation is defined as “the process of generating or conceiving ideas and concepts that may be useful for attaining some desired state or outcome” (Briggs and Reinig, 2007, p. 1). Ideation is a knowledge creation practice. We can study the techniques of many successful knowledge creating firms, such as Dow Chemical, Johnson and Johnson, and Samsung. Typical processes they follow in new product development are: (1) trend analysis; (2) customer interaction; (3) creative thinking (Simpson, 2008, pp. 2-3).

We found ideation elicits individuals’ tacit knowledge and serves as a facilitator of knowledge creation and ideation team members are committed to protecting organizational knowledge that they have helped create. The paper is useful for knowledge managers to identify issues in knowledge creation and can also be useful in designing a better knowledge creating practice. The paper attempts to build a bridge 84

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between theories and practices. Interactions between theories and practices can offer insight on the application of theories to practices and help improve both theories and practices.

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George M. Puia Associate Dean of the College of Business and Management/ Dow Chemical Company Centennial Chair in Global Business Appointed to SVSU in 1999 Ph.D. University of Kansas M.S. National -Louis University B.S. Edison State College

ARTICLES Puia, G.M. and Potts, M.D. (2010-forthcoming), Fuel Jet Pro, in Welsh, D.H.B. and Carraher, S., Real Cases in Global Entrepreneurship, Dubuque: Kendall-Hunt Carraher, S.M., Buchanan, J.K., and Puia, G. (2010). Entrepreneurial need for achievement in China, Latvia, and the USA, Baltic Journal of Management, 5(3), 378-396.

GRANT AWARDS Business Internationalization and Education (BIE) grant – awarded $164,616 for use in 2010-2012. Grant supports three initiatives: early internationalization of undergrads including training in less commonly taught languages for international business; international business support to the regional solar industry; and support for mid-career, nondegree and non-traditional students to learn skills leading to a CGBP designation. (with Mark Potts and Jill Wetmore)

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Rhonda Ross Assistant Professor of Law Appointed to SVSU in 2008 J.D. Wayne State University M.S. Wayne State University B.S. Wayne State University

PAPER “Criminal Prosecution of the Asbestos NESHAP: Are the Provisions for Category II Asbestos Containing materials Void for Vagueness”, Proceedings International Air and Waste Management Association Annual Conference, June 21, 2011, Orlando Although U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) tends to bring few criminal prosecutions for violations of the Clean Air Act (“CAA”), many of those that are pursued are for violations of the National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (“NESHAP”) for asbestos. However, criminal prosecution for Category II non-friable Asbestos Containing Material (“ACM”) may be unconstitutional on the grounds that the regulation is void for vagueness.

The work practice requirements for the NESHAP do not apply to Category II ACM if “the probability is low that the materials will become crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder during demolition”. Neither the regulations nor the statute define what constitutes “low probability”.

There is also no definition of what constitutes “crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder.” EPA’s guidance indicates that the determination of whether or not the Asbestos NESHAP applies should be “determined by the owner or operator on a case-by-case basis”. However, EPA frequently second guesses owner/operator determinations of nonfriability and then brings civil and even criminal charges for violation of the NESHAP. This is the very definition of “void for vagueness” in that the owner/operator has no definitive manner or method to determine that the material is non-friable since EPA insists on evaluating each situation on a case-by-case basis. In short, the owner/operator cannot prospectively determine with certainty that their actions are in conformance with the provisions of the NESHAP.

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Sam Sarkar Professor of Economics Appointed to SVSU in 1969 Ph.D. Michigan State University M.S. Ranchi University B.S. Ranchi University

PAPER with Kaustav Misra, “Determinants of Firm Formation: An International Perspective�, Western Economic Association International Conference, San Diego, June 29-July 3, 2011.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the associated factors which determine the business formation around the European countries. The panel data are used for 15 countries from 2003 to 2006 in this paper.

This paper finds significant relationships between days of firm formation and lending interest rates, start-up procedures, taxes and per capita gross domestic product. This analysis demonstrates that formation of a new business in a country is significantly associated with country’s institutional factors. Hence, to encourage business formation policy makers should develop business friendly institutional tools which will increase interests and capabilities of entrepreneurs to form new businesses.

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Jill L. Wetmore Associate Professor of Accounting Dean, College of Business and Management Professor of Finance Appointed to SVSU in 1981 Ph.D. Michigan State University M.B.A. Saginaw Valley State University B.A. Knox College

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION Market Discipline of Financial Institutions and the Crisis of 2007-2008; Co-authored with Chiaku Chukwuogor , Eastern Connecticut State University Conference Presentation: Financial Management Association Conference, October 22, 2010, New York We determined if participation in risky mortgages by financial institutions (FIs) prior to and including the period of 2007-08 impacted systematic risk of their stocks which would affect the required rate of return. We examined the stocks of 59 banks and thrifts rated by American Banker having the largest amounts of first mortgages on their balance sheets as of December 31, 2006. A GARCH model was used to determine if systematic risk changes over the time studied. We found systematic risk increases each year during the entire period studied (2004-2008) for stock returns of thrifts and to a lesser extent for stock returns of regional banks. Stock returns of large banks showed a decline in systematic risk during 2004 and 2006 and an increase in 2008. There was no significant change in systematic risk in 2005 and 2007. In the case of foreign bank stock returns, systematic risk declined during the years (2004-2005) and showed no significant change in 2006- 2008. This suggests that systematic risk is impacted for thrifts and regional banks prior to the crisis but not for large banks until the time of the crisis. In the case of foreign banks, there is no change in systematic risk in 2008 and a decline in 2004 and 2005.

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College of Education The Saginaw Valley State University’s College of Education teacher certification, graduate, endorsement, and special education approval programs are designed to provide quality educational opportunities for teachers and school leaders at the lowest tuition rate of any public university in Michigan.

At SVSU, you will find knowledgeable faculty in small classes, scheduled at convenient times and locations for working professionals. The College of Education at SVSU has an excellent reputation for producing exceptional graduates in our many programs of study, giving our graduates a competitive edge.

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David M. Callejo Pérez Carl A. Gerstacker Endowed Chair in Education Appointed to SVSU in 2009 Ed.D. Florida International University M.A. University of Mississippi B.A. Florida International University

EDITED BOOK with Stephen M. Fain (Florida International University), and Judith J. Slater (Florida International University). (2010). Higher education and human capital: Re/thinking the doctorate in America. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers B.V. This book attempts to re-imagine the purpose of the doctorate. We believe the value of a doctorate is Intellectual Capital, and are particularly interested in encouraging reflection as an important characteristic of a successful quality doctoral program. We posit that a “good doctoral” experience fosters active engagement in reflection on all elements of our work—the intellectual, advisory, and pedagogical work of faculty, curricular opportunities, as well as the intellectual of the doctoral candidates through an avocation that drives research and theory in our fields. Specific issues raised in this edited volume include comprehensive analysis of programs, rethinking evaluation and programmatic coherence, doctoral degrees beyond the discipline, subject, and field, and implications of individual identity.

ARTICLES, BOOK CHAPTERS, AND ESSAYS with Allison Swan Dagen (West Virginia University) (2010). Teachers as Decision Makers: Narratives of Power in an Era of Standards. Revista Contrapontos, 10(1).

This article focuses on teachers as decision makers regarding curriculum and teaching. It reflects of what important things can be taught and learned in schools that will endure. We hope to explore the idea of what happens when a teacher’s curricular choices run counter to those ideas and habits put forth by schools and others involved in children’s schooling. These teachers’ success and promise is to expose children to a multitude of experiences that will help shape their life story and one Research Bulletin 2010

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day enact those democratic ideals in everyday practice when they chose to vote, raise a child, live within a neighborhood, attend or not religious services, and mostly, when they are asked to judge themselves as democratic citizens. Regardless of one’s background, place, or economic reality, the successful attainment of skills and fundamentals only occurs when the intellectual and emotional growth of that individual is respected, cared for, and enhanced—this occurring only when the dedication, caring, talent, and intelligence of the teacher is allowed to flourish. with Sebastian R. Diaz (West Virginia University) (2010). The Future of Policy Development in Education: How a rural county can maximize its resources through collaboration. In Judith J. Slater (Florida International University) & Ruth David (National Louis University). Collaboration in Education. New York: Routledge.

This chapter outlines a strategy for facilitating professional development in public schools by relating the narrative of the professional development initiative that provided implementation sessions in a rural West Virgina school district. The first section of this chapter describes the formation of the collaborative relationship. The second section explains in more detail the particular approaches used in the professional development. The third and final section discusses findings and conclusions. Even though our initiative enjoyed reasonable success in helping teachers and administrators develop better skills and attitudes regarding achievement data, the initiative also highlighted for us the complexity of this phenomenon.

The Doctorate and Cultural Capital. In Callejo PĂŠrez, D., S.M. Fain, and J.J. Slater. (Eds.) Higher education and human capital: Re/thinking the doctorate in America. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers B.V. Our doctoral students are different and the institutions they will work in are different. Ironically, we continue to prepare doctoral students like we have in the past, have expectations of them that do not match their identity, and are preparing persons for jobs that no longer exist.

Guided by Eisner, we posit that doctoral education and its outcomes are a process, a series of authentic conversations, which are public and open. Advisors and students need to (a) engage in an active process of questioning that examines what is visible and hidden in an aesthetic method, (b) develop leadership skills to affect change, and (c) prepare for a wider understanding of research, teaching and service.

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President’s Message. Curriculum and Teaching Dialogue, 12(1 & 2), xiiixv.

Conversion of Appointment to the Tenure Track (2009) which stated that by 2007 “almost 70 percent of faculty members were employed off the tenure track” concludes, “the erosion of the tenure track rests on the ‘fundamentally flawed premise’ that faculty ‘represent only a cost, rather than the institution’s primary resource’” (4). The nature of higher education like all enterprises is ephemeral (Woodward, 1960/1993), leading contributors to struggle for consciousness between past and present when establishing groundwork of their worldview and values where work is built (Hobsbawm, 2002). AAUP’s groundbreaking Statement of the Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure stated that “the intellectual and economic securities of the tenure system must be the bedrock of any effort by higher education to fulfill its obligations to students and society” (1940/2006). As participants in this endeavor, we tend too many times to all interpret the idea of the professoriate, tenure and academia but only insofar as they relate to ourselves and not to the larger collective mindset—historical and political. with Joseph Flynn (Northern Illinois University), Andrew T. Kemp (Augusta State University), & D.M. Callejo Pérez. (2010). You Can’t Teach Where You Don’t Know: Fusing Place-Based Education and Whiteness Studies for Social Justice. Curriculum and Teaching Dialogue, 12(1 & 2), 137-152.

Because many students find the content of schools lacking relevance, the study of the local place can be used as a springboard to student engagement. However, there is a significant limitation. Many times placebased educators ignore Whiteness and how Whiteness pervades our societal institutions. By studying the intersection of place and Whiteness, perhaps educators can address the underlying issues of identity that imbue the public schools system.

The Future of our Making: Recapturing the Identity of the Curriculum Field (Foreword). In J. Wesley Null (Baylor University). Curriculum: From Theory to Practice. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.

In Curriculum Matters: From Theory to Practice, J. Wesley Null provides the reader a guided journey through curriculum—discussions on its history and etymology—especially its context and role within the American mind. The question driving the study of what and how we teach and learn in schools always centered on the deeper idea that there Research Bulletin 2010

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needed to be an ethical and philosophical force driving the curriculum.

Curriculum, Null explains, is at the center of the most permanent and ephemeral issues in education—controversial as they may seem—the answer(s) may only be found if we evolve the profundity of the questions about curriculum. Ultimately, J. Wesley Null, like Paulo Freire (1970) begins and ends his work with the proposal that curriculum needs to be a liberating path leading toward humanization. Thus, in his work, Null provides the reader with traditions and thinkers who have and continue to shape the field. This historical analysis guides us to Null’s method of deliberative curriculum that seeks to address the identity crisis facing curriculum today.

Foreword. In P.B. Uhrmacher (University of Denver) and K. Bunn (University of Denver). Beyond the One Room School. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers B.V. The authors’ proposal was to capture “pioneering learning environments,” through the recounting of extraordinary activities that describe a unique educational setting, provide an interpretation, and create a context for others to argue for the possibilities in schools. Paulo Freire provides language that depicts the current state of affairs of our schools.

In describing how to overcome the dehumanization in totalitarian Czechoslovakia—ironically with many parallels to our current schools; Havel states that “the most important thing is that man should be the measure of all structures, including economic structures, and not that man be made to measure for those structures.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS Triaging the Higher Education Experience: Thoughts on Degrees, Majors, and the University. A Response to Adapting to Changes in the Curriculum. Research Panel Discussant at the Association for the Study of Higher Education, Indianapolis, IN, November 2010.

The “multi-university” as described by Kerr, (1963/2001) and that many of us work within, ought to bridge the gap among research, extension, and professions/practitioners. However, what occurs at our institutions rarely extends beyond our sphere of influence. Disconnection between us and our public ultimately leads to marginalization in the policy sphere outside our universities. Change begins when we recognize and act on Vaclav Havel’s notion of awareness as explained in Unveiling. For the purpose of this panel, I believe that the presenters provide discussion around the four crucial parts of the higher education experience—which 96

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I borrow from the CID (1) Purpose; (2) Evaluation; (3) Reflection; and (4) Transparency. The papers are particularly interesting because they encourage reflection as an important characteristic of what they imagine to be successful quality educational programs.

Retrospective Session: Craig Kridel and the Nature of Curriculum Studies: An Analysis of the Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies with Donna Breault (Northern Kentucky University), Jackie Bach (Louisiana State University), Chara Bohan (Georgia State University), Bob Boostrom (University of Southern Indiana), Cheryl Craig (University of Houston), David Flinders (Indiana University), Marcella Kysilka (University of Central Florida), Wesley Null (Baylor University), and Barbara Slater Stern (James Madison University). Participants in the panel, who were members of the Society for Professors of Curriculum wrote responses to the broad themes in the Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies (Sage 2009) edited by Craig Kridel. Proceedings from this session will be published in the Journal of Curriculum Studies, Fall 2011. Presented at the American Association for Teaching and Curriculum, St. Louis, October 2010.

A Presidential Retrospective of American Association for Teaching and Curriculum: Presidents Panel. Presented at the American Association for Teaching and Curriculum, St. Louis, October 2010. Participants include: O.L. Davis (University of Texas), Francis P. Hunkins (University of Washington), Stephen M. Fain (Florida International University), P. Bruce Uhrmacher (University of Denver), David Flinders (Indiana University), Cheryl Craig (University of Houston), Gretchen Schwarz (Baylor University), Ron Wilhelm (University of North Texas), Karen Riley (Auburn University), Robert Boostrom (Southern Indiana University), J. Wesley Null (Baylor University). Each of the participants wrote narratives about the impact of leadership during their tenure as President of the American Association for Teaching and Curriculum, the oldest and largest organization in the field of Curriculum Studies.

Educating for Michigan: A New Proposal for Teacher Education 2010.

A paper presented at the American Association for Teaching and Curriculum in St. Louis, MO, October 2010.

Schools, community agencies, daycares, and other educational settings across Michigan and the nation are charged with the difficult task of educating an increasingly diverse student population under new demands from the White House. The goal of this proposal is to expand educators’ theoretical and experiential knowledge base by teaching them how to embrace the complexities of the classroom and community life, Research Bulletin 2010

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and maximize learning achievement that contributes to healthy individual and community identities within the confines of legislative changes in Michigan (School reforms hailed, but issues linger, Detroit Free Press, 12/20/2009). To accomplish this goal, College of Educations must begin to formalize three alternative routes for teaching and teachers: 1) a one year program for UG students at SVSU and other institutions to become certified; 2) a one year program for mid-career individuals to become certified; and 3) a unique Masters for certified teachers that addresses curricular trends in the research.

The Red Light in the Ivory Tower: Contexts and Implications of Entrepreneurial Education. Co-written with Donna Adair Breault (Northern Kentucky University). A paper presented at the American Association for Teaching and Curriculum in St. Louis, MO, October 2010.

This paper grapples with complex multiplicities of leadership and power in Colleges of Education by examining leadership and sustainable change in light of economic forces. We argue that stakeholders need to value an open community and confront the complexity of the social, political, economic and historical influences on our universities.

We attempt to address the complex multiplicities of our profession, specifically leadership and its role how Colleges of Education became driven by a business model, changed its practice to earn money, professional place and respect within the university, and serve all constituents. The focus of this book is a critical examination of the notions of leadership and the role it can have in sustainable change Colleges. The focus on the failure of Colleges of Education speaks to the basic assumptions behind the role of the business culture and creates a foundation from which we offer approaches for sustainable change.

What I Learned on the Road to Mississauga: Democracy and Curriculum.

Presidential Address presented at the 17th Annual Conference of the American Association for Teaching and Curriculum, St. Louis, October 2010.

The problem facing higher education is one of self-expression. In the case of the US, where we have so few institutions we can all share it stands to question: can one of those institutions survive the onslaught?

Stronach and MacLure (1997) state that it “may be possible to envisage new concepts and practices of research that do not simply surrender to ‘conformative evaluation’” (99-100). John Dewey (1934) illustrated that “an experience of thinking has its own esthetic quality” (38). Political Candidates, frequently representing little more than an unclear anger 98

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against the cultural changes in the US, have mounted strong challenges to deep-rooted beliefs about higher education. In many ways, anger is the shared experience driving change in our institutions these days. Over the past year, rhetoric has threatened to bog our educational culture.

Increasingly, a language of acrimony, dissatisfaction, and rage has become our response to the unraveling of universities. For many of us in higher education, we wandered about the changes he would usher such as lifting bans on federal funding on medical research, funding Humanities and Arts, and a new climate for change in our youth. We were moved by the activism of our students who mobilized and exercised their political power.

Liberation and Empowerment of the Self: Imagining Teacher Education and the Future of the Profession in an Era of Anti-Intellectualism. A paper presented at the American Educational Research Association, Denver, Colorado, April 2010.

This article seeks to foster teacher choices in fostering what is good education for children and for society. The theoretical framework for analyzing the narratives uses place-based knowledge to re/think diversity in teaching and learning and curriculum; while continuing to address the place of race in our worldview and the formal and informal curriculum that schools use. First, this article explores this relationship among a new way to examine school interactions while acknowledging the traditions that dominate our schools. Last, I retell the narrative of the teachers, using their words—to honor their work.

Why does teaching about global health matter? Co-Presented with Joshua J. Ode (SVSU). A presentation of a panel on International Global Health Workshop at Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin, March 2010.

In this panel discussion, we present different disciplinary responses to “Why does teaching about global health matter?” The paper begins with three important notions: 1) Assess the capital (knowledge, skills, attitudes) of your faculty members more explicitly to incorporate Global Health into the professions, staff, and students; 2) Assess whether your curriculum system is aligned with your mission when dealing with interdisciplinary projects; and 3) Modify the Teaching-Research-Service expectations to include skills needed among faculty to include projects, curriculum, and initiatives that can emerge from real-life problems. We create a case-study that analyzes how all three notions are practiced at one institution. Second, the work with research projects on issues in their education, practice and professional endeavors is examined Research Bulletin 2010

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and undergirds the practice of working with students on research about specific issues with interdisciplinary approaches.

Weaving health as a human right into the curriculum. Global Health and Higher Education. A presentation of panel on International Global Health Workshop at Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin, March 2010.

This projects strengthened social and medical access of Hispanic citizens by enhancing the capacity of U.S. first responders to provide emergency and social services. Particular attention was paid to interactions among first responders and Hispanics in rural areas located near urban centers. The goal was to expand First Responders’ theoretical and experiential knowledge base by teaching how to embrace the cultural complexities of community life, and maximize learning achievement that contributes to healthy individual and community sustainability. We analyzed the role and place of theory in professional development that addresses language and culture to document the relationships among First Responders’ inner processes and behaviors when faced with the possibilities of treating culturally diverse populations.

Last, we informed how to adapt curriculum to enhance the ability of any medical personnel or social service provider to successfully and safely negotiate the unique intercultural interactions that they encounter while serving their increasingly diverse local communities.

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LaCreta M. Clark Associate Professor, Department of Advanced Educational Studies Appointed to SVSU in 2003 Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters, Urbana University Ph.D. University of Dayton M.S. Wright State University B.S. Wright State University

BOOK CHAPTER Parental involvement in the secondary classroom. Society, the Classroom, Instructional Practice: Perspectives on Issues Affecting Secondary Classroom in the 21st Century. Sparapani, E. (Ed.); Rowman & Littlefield Education.

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Colleen D’Arcy Assistant Professor of Teacher Education: Elementary, Early Childhood, and Special Education Appointed to SVSU in 2009 Ph.D. Oakland University M.A.T. Saginaw Valley State University B.A. Saginaw Valley State University

GRANT PROGRAM EVALUATION “Evaluation of Imagination Library Program.” from U. S. Department of Education, 2009-2010 Title II, Part D - ARRA Data Initiatives Grant. for Bay-Arenac Intermediate School District

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Jonathon A. Gould Assistant Professor, Middle and Secondary Education Fieldwork Coordinator Secondary Field Placements Appointed to SVSU in 2008 Ph.D. Central Michigan University Ed.S. Saginaw Valley State University M.A. Saginaw Valley State University B.S. Wayne State University

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS “A high-school senior is just a kindergartner, with twelve years experience!” International Lilly Conference for College and University Teaching, Washington D.C., June 3, 2010.

“Creating a positive classroom climate through collaboration, rich discourse, and …” Florida Council of Exceptional Children, Clearwater, FL, October 23, 2010.

ARTICLES AND PUBLICATIONS “Does it really take a village to raise a child (or just a parent?): An examination of the relationship between the members of the residence of a middle-school student and the student’s satisfaction with school.”

Education, Accepted December, 2010.

“Gould’s triangles.” Michigan Council for Teachers of Mathematics (MCTM) Summer Mathematics Workbook Activity – 2010 SumMore Math, Dexter, MI.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS SVSU Scholarship Committee’s “Talk Series” (with over 200 people in attendance from school districts in the Great Lakes Bay Region, and SVSU Faculty, Staff, and Students): “The four billion dollar question: Teacher preparation under President Obama’s ‘Race to the Top Program’” Saginaw Valley State University ‘Talk Series’ University Center, MI

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Elizabeth Hansen Professor and Chair, Department of Advanced Educational Studies Appointed to SVSU in 2001 Ph.D. Michigan State University M.S. Central Michigan University M.A. Central Michigan University B.A. Western Michigan University

ARTICLES with Hansen, J., Tapp, A., James, S. & Bidgoli, M. (2010). Using Assignments in a VB.Net Class to Create Simulations for Use by Teachers. In C. Crawford et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (pp.1912-1916). Chesapeake, VA: AACE. The authors discuss the use of VB.Net as an authoring tool to create a dice throwing simulation for use by teachers. VB.Net is used to produce small simulation programs so users can conduct experiments that they would not be able to do in reality. Creating e-learning simulations will enable students to fully exploit the multimedia possibilities that online learning offers. A case study illustrates the potential of simulations to enhance the delivery of instructional material in an academic context. with Tapp, A., Hansen, J. & Long, R. (2010). Developing Future Educational Technology Faculty: Creating an Effective Model. In C. Crawford et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (pp. 1015-1017).

Chesapeake, VA: AACE. A case study approach has been employed to describe the mentoring experiences of three master’s level, educational technology program graduates. Due to their successes within the program, each was encouraged to consider a career as university faculty. As a result, each was mentored by a full time faculty member, had an opportunity to teach within the educational technology program, and is researching the pursuit of a terminal degree. The authors will discuss the effects of this model on these graduates, their students, as well as the implications for their program. A model based on these experiences has been developed, and will be presented.

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with Tapp, A. & Rubin, S. (2010). What Do We Teach the Teachers about Technology? In C. Crawford et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (pp. 2246-2248). Chesapeake, VA: AACE. There has been a continuing problem with technology preparation for preservice teachers. If our current educational technology courses continue to spend a considerable amount of time on basic computer literacy we stand little chance of correcting this problem. Some work suggests that a stand-alone course along with modeling in technology use in courses and informal learning opportunities may be best. Three viewpoints are presented: an administrator’s view of teaching teachers about technology, a teacher’s view on what we should be doing from the k-12 classroom to the university, and a scientist’s perspective on the need for technology education.

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Susan L. Hillman Professor of Teacher Education: Elementary, Early Childhood, and Special Education Appointed to SVSU in 1999 Ph.D. University of Delaware M.A. Michigan State University B.A. Alma College

PAPERS with Vidya Thirumurthy (Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA), Georgianna Duarte (University of Texas, Brownsville), and Cherie Gilman (Emeritus, St. Cloud State University, MN). “Crossing boundaries: Enhancing understanding of culturally-different education contexts in India, Peru, and China.” Presentation at the annual international conference of the Association for Childhood Education International.

Phoenix, AZ, April 28-May 1.

This paper provides a platform for promoting greater understanding of education around the world and collaboration between countries through sharing of three distinct aspects: (1) experiences each of the authors have had in schools and communities in developing nations, (2) perspectives on understanding education and schools as culturally based institutions and (3) how one could prepare for experiencing schools within a cultural context that is very different from one’s own. The authors worked collaboratively with teachers, schools, and communities in India, Peru, and China, and documented the cultural variations observed in the ways schools worked in the education of children and the supporting roles communities played. This paper highlights the aspects that support the argument that schools are cultural institutions, and draws attention to the unique challenges that each of the countries face in providing fair and equitable education for all children. with Stuart Moskowitz (Humboldt State University), Barbara Garii (State University of New York, Oswego), and Carol Langbort (San Francisco State University). “Expanding horizons: Renewing yourself and others through international experiences in mathematics education.”

Presentation at the annual meeting of the Association of Mathematics Teacher Educators. Irvine, CA, January 28-30.

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Experiencing and sharing a variety of ways of teaching and learning mathematics is a window through which we may examine our own teaching practices. Each author has experience with teaching mathematics and/or working with mathematics teachers (including practicing and preservice teachers) in schools from Mexico, Benin, Burkina Faso, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and India. The purpose of this paper is to provide awareness and appreciation for how working with teachers and students in other cultures/places helps one to examine or study one’s own teaching practices. Many countries participate in international studies (e.g., TIMSS), and much has been written about mathematics teaching in the U.S. and other countries (e.g., Ma, 1999; Stigler & Hiebert, 1999). These writings suggest that studying mathematics teaching and learning as a cultural activity provides a broader and deeper perspective on teaching practices in the U.S. While these international studies and comparisons provide evidence of general patterns or trends, personal experiences with mathematics teachers, students, and schools from around the world provide a sharper image of what it means to teach and learn mathematics that complements broad generalizations from large international studies. The ways these experiences have impacted our teaching and the learning of our students will be shared, including the reality of limited resources for teaching, different teaching methods, and explicit use of mathematical language when communicating with others whose first language is not English.

The authors will also indicate how these experiences impacted, and continue to impact, the teachers and students we met during our travels.

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Kathy Kalmar Associate Professor of Teacher Education: Elementary, Early Childhood, and Special Education Appointed to SVSU in 1998 Ph.D. Oakland University M.A.T.E.C. Oakland University B.S. Wayne State University

ARTICLES Bringing the New Baby Home Top: Tips on Parenting v. 12, (2) Utah State University. (1-5).

The purpose of this article is to help parents and families when a new sibling comes home from the hospital. It deals with the steps needed to make a smooth transition from pregnancy, birth, hospitals and the arrival home. Strategies and resources are provided to help make the transition to home successful. with Marple, K. (2010, Spring). A Death in the family and your young child: What to say and what to do when it happens to you. Top: Tips on Parenting. Utah State University. (1-5).

Coping with death and loss is difficult at any age but for young children with their limited experience it can be confusing and overwhelming.

The adults in their lives are under stress and burdened with their own sense of loss and grief. This article helps parents and children alike to cope. The article deals with terminal illness,funeral home and religious services,children’s reactions, resources for parents, and when to enlist professional help.

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Ervin F. Sparapani Professor of Middle/Secondary Teacher Education Appointed to SVSU in 1985 Ph.D. University of Michigan–Ann Arbor M.A. Eastern Michigan University B.S. Northern Michigan University

ARTICLE with Kyle M. McCallumore (M.A.T. Secondary Classroom Teaching, SVSU). “The Importance of the Ninth Grade on High School Graduation Rates and Student Success in High School” in Education, 130 (3), 2010, pp. 447-456.

This article was reprinted in the October, 2010, edition of The Education Digest (volume 76, #2), pp. 60-64.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION “Differentiating Instruction and Teaching for Higher-Level Thinking by Using the Thinking/Learning (T/L) System,” presented at the 2010 Hawaii International Conference on Education, Honolulu, Hawaii; January, 2010.

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Ann-Catherine Sullivan Associate Professor of Teacher Education: Elementary, Early Childhood, and Special Education Appointed to SVSU in 2000 Ph.D. The Ohio State University M.A. The Ohio State University B.A. Saint Michael’s College

ARTICLES with Suzanna Dillon (Wayne State University). “Adapted Physical Education in Michigan: Part II: Addressing the Questions from Parents, Physical Educators and Administrators”. Michigan Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Journal. Winter 2010, IN PRESS. Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA), P.L. 101-476 (1990) the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) and it’s reauthorizations including P.L. 105-17 (1997) and P.L. 108-446 (2004) with a name change to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA), have continued funding and mandating physical education for students with disabilities. However, parents, physical educators and administrators continue to seek clarification about providing physical education and/or adapted physical education for students with identified special needs. It is worth mentioning at this point that when a district only offers one choice students with disabilities to receive services, this does not constitute a continuum of possible placements. This Adapted Physical Education in Michigan article series has been written in response to the questions and concerns that have been voiced to members of the Michigan Department of Education Adapted Physical Education and Physical Education Advisory Committees. The committee members have been contacted by hundreds of physical educators, adapted physical educators, parents and special educators about APE and what the rules in MI say about APE and how it should be implemented in the schools. This article series is an attempt to share the information in a succinct and easy to read fashion and supplement the excellent online resources available such as the PE Central Adapted Physical Education site and the Wrightslaw Physical Education and Adapted Physical Education site.

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with Suzanna Dillon (Wayne State University). “Adapted Physical Education Updates for General Physical Educators and Administrators in Michigan: Part I”. Michigan Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Journal. Fall 2010, 13-15.

The public law mandating physical education for students with disabilities, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) was enacted over 35 years ago. However, administrators and physical educators within the public school setting still struggle with implementation of the law. EHA along with subsequent bills reauthorizing special education funding such as the Individuals with Disabilities Act and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act require that “physical education services, must be made available to every child with a disability receiving free and appropriate public education, unless the public agency enrolls children without disabilities and does not provide physical education to children without disabilities in the same grades” (P.L. 108-446, Sec. 300.108(a)). Additionally, Sec. 300.108(b) of P.L. 108-446 requires that “a child with a disability must be afforded the opportunity to participate in the regular physical education program available to non-disabled children unless (1) the child is enrolled full time in a separate facility; or (2) the child needs specially designed physical education, as prescribed in the child’s [individualized education program or] IEP.” This means that every student in Michigan with an identified disability must participate in general physical education (GPE) with the same frequency and duration as his/her age appropriate peers unless his/her disability impacts successful progress through the GPE curriculum. School districts are required to provide a continuum of placements for students with identified special needs (see chart). The IEP team must determine the best placement in the least restrictive environment for each subject area, including physical education.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Rebecca J. Berkowitz (Westerville City Schools), Suzanna Dillon (Wayne State University). “Classroom Teacher Led Physical Activity in the Kindergarten Classroom: A Pilot Study” Physical and Health Education National Conference, Toronto, ON, 22 October 2010.

The purpose of this study was to determine if significant gains would be made in Kindergarten students’ gross motor, strength and balance skills when classroom teachers directed physical activity in the classroom. Preand post-intervention gross motor, balance and strength assessments Research Bulletin 2010

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were conducted for the six classrooms of Kindergarteners (N = 111).

Analyses of variance on pre-test scores confirmed that all of the classes were statistically similar prior to the intervention. Descriptive statistics and paired samples t-tests were conducted using SPSS-17 with α set at .05. Findings indicate significant gains in balance (M1 = 8.52, SD1 = 3.37, M2 =11.0, SD2 = 2.96, t(110) = -7.07, p ≤.001), and in gross motor skill (M1 = 29.21, SD1 = 6.86, M2 =33.72, SD2 = 6.67, t(110) = -7.00, p ≤.001), between the pre- and post-intervention scores. However, significant differences in strength were not found (M1 = 5.40, SD1 = 1.20, M2 =5.66, SD2 = .96, t(110) = -1.81, p = .07). Medium effect sizes were found for the impact of the teacher-led physical activity programming on balance (d = .63) and on gross motor skill (d = .66). Participants, on both measures, improved from the pretest to the post-test scores demonstrating a 28.35% improvement for balance and 15% improvement on gross motor skills. From this pilot study, it appears that classroom teacher led physical activity sessions, performed regularly as a part of classroom instruction, can improve the total gross motor and balance skills in Kindergarten students. with Suzanna Dillon (Wayne State University), Timothy Davis (SUNY Cortland). “Adapted Physical Education: State and National Changes Impacting PE and APE Teachers” Michigan Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Annual Conference, Grand Rapids, MI, 11 November 2010.

This session is designed to clarify existing state level policies regarding PE for students with disabilities, update general and adapted physical educators on new state and national changes in teacher certification specific to adapted physical education, and provide an overview of APENS as well as the important recent US Government Accountability Office (GAO) Report to Congressional Requesters specific to physical education and athletics for students with disabilities. Participants will be encouraged to question the presenters about current APE issues in their districts and how these changes and trends will impact their teaching.

Objectives of session for participants:

1. Understand the current state policies specific to Physical

Education for students with disabilities (including Adapted

Physical Education services).

2. Understand the role of the general physical educator and the

adapted physical educator in Michigan.

3. Understand what the Adapted Physical Education National 112

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Standards (APENS) are and how they can become nationally certified.

4. Understand what the GAO found in their national study of PE and athletics for students with disabilities and what the implications are from those findings.

5. Participate in discussions with the presenters and fellow participants.

with Roberta Faust (Eastern Michigan University). “PE Metrics Elementary Standards-Based Assessment” Michigan Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Annual Conference, Grand Rapids, MI, 12 November 2010.

Finally, the resource you’ve been searching for! NASPE has expanded its best-selling, revolutionary PE Metrics for Elementary book to include all six National Standards for Physical Education. Now, elementary physical educators can use PE Metrics assessments—including a valid and reliable test bank—to evaluate student success toward meeting the National Standards. This presentation will describe how to use the PE Metrics book and easily incorporate assessment into physical education class. with Roberta Faust (Eastern Michigan University), Suzanna Dillon (Wayne State University), Deb Berkey (Western Michigan State University) and Patricia Van Volkinburg (University of Michigan). “MDE Physical Education Update-Elementary School.” Michigan Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Annual Conference, Grand Rapids, MI, 12 November 2010.

This session provided an update on the status of elementary physical education in Michigan including current legislative initiatives, Grade Level Content Expectations overview, motor skill and fitness assessment techniques, curriculum assessment and development strategies.

Resources to facilitate local curriculum development were provided.

Participants had the opportunity to provide input on the future MDE initiatives. with Roberta Faust (Eastern Michigan University), Suzanna Dillon (Wayne State University), Deb Berkey (Western Michigan State University) and Patricia Van Volkinburg (University of Michigan). “MDE Physical Education Update-High School.” Michigan Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Annual Conference, Grand Rapids, MI, 12 November 2010.

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This session provided an update on the status of high school physical education in Michigan including current legislative initiatives, Michigan Merit Expectations overview, motor skill and fitness assessment techniques, curriculum assessment and development strategies.

Resources to facilitate local curriculum development were provided.

Participants had the opportunity to provide input on the future MDE initiatives. with Roberta Faust (Eastern Michigan University), Suzanna Dillon (Wayne State University), Deb Berkey (Western Michigan State University) and Patricia Van Volkinburg (University of Michigan).

“MDE Physical Education Update-Higher Education Forum.” Michigan Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Annual Conference, Grand Rapids, MI, 12 November 2010.

This session provided an update on the status of physical education in Michigan including current legislative initiatives, Grade Level Content Expectations, Michigan Merit Expectations overview, motor skill and fitness assessment techniques, curriculum assessment and development strategies. Resources to facilitate local curriculum development were provided. Participants had the opportunity to provide input on the future MDE initiatives.

GRANTS with Michael Smith (SVSU student). “American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance 2010 Convention”. Saginaw Valley State University Foundation Grant. $2,500. Winter 2010. (Mike is a Physical Education Major and Political Science Education minor).

The funding from this grant assisted SVSU students to attend the annual American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) Convention in 2010 located in Indianapolis, IN. This grant helped fund AAHPERD membership, AAHPERD conference fees, travel, lodging and meals. Students attending will have opportunities to further individual knowledge within the fields of health, physical education, recreation, and dance. The students were able to gain a great deal of new knowledge in their field, through attending a variety of presentations and leadership activities at the Convention. Students attended different conference sessions, scheduled concurrently, as a means to gather a greater amount of professional knowledge. The group converged to discuss their experiences and to share handouts and materials gained from the sessions. Upon returning from the convention, students 114

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dedicated one PE Club meeting to convention highlights. Those who attend were able to build social bonds, and gain new relationship with experts within these fields. Additionally, attendees had opportunities to review and apply for posted job vacancies and interview onsite for potential career opportunities. The students who attended the conference are active participants of SVSU’s Physical Education Club.

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Anne R. Tapp Associate Professor of Educational Technology and Development Appointed to SVSU in 2002 Ed.D. Wayne State University M.A. Oakland University B.S. Central Michigan University

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Hansen, J., Hansen, E., James, S. & Bidgoli, M. (2010). Using Assignments in a VB.Net Class to Create Simulations for Use by Teachers. In C. Crawford et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (pp.1912-1916). Chesapeake, VA: AACE. The authors discuss the use of VB.Net as an authoring tool to create a dice throwing simulation for use by teachers. VB.Net is used to produce small simulation programs so users can conduct experiments that they would not be able to do in reality. Creating e-learning simulations will enable students to fully exploit the multimedia possibilities that online learning offers. A case study illustrates the potential of simulations to enhance the delivery of instructional material in an academic context. with Hansen, E., Hansen, J. & Long, R. (2010). Developing Future Educational Technology Faculty: Creating an Effective Model. In C. Crawford et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (pp. 1015-1017).

Chesapeake, VA: AACE. A case study approach has been employed to describe the mentoring experiences of three master’s level, educational technology program graduates. Due to their successes within the program, each was encouraged to consider a career as university faculty. As a result, each was mentored by a full time faculty member, had an opportunity to teach within the educational technology program, and is researching the pursuit of a terminal degree. The authors will discuss the effects of this model on these graduates, their students, as well as the implications for their program. A model based on these experiences has been developed, and will be presented.

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with Hansen, E., & Rubin, S. (2010). What Do We Teach the Teachers about Technology? In C. Crawford et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (pp. 2246-2248). Chesapeake, VA: AACE. There has been a continuing problem with technology preparation for preservice teachers. If our current educational technology courses continue to spend a considerable amount of time on basic computer literacy we stand little chance of correcting this problem. Some work suggests that a stand-alone course along with modeling in technology use in courses and informal learning opportunities may be best. Three viewpoints are presented: an administrator’s view of teaching teachers about technology, a teacher’s view on what we should be doing from the k-12 classroom to the university, and a scientist’s perspective on the need for technology education.

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Crystal M. Lange College of Health and Human Services The College of Health and Human Services offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in health science, kinesiology, nursing, occupational therapy, and social work. Each of these programs combines theoretical courses with practice experiences to prepare students for professional positions in health and human services.

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David Berry Associate Professor of Kinesiology Appointed to SVSU in 2010 Ph.D. Ohio University M.A. Western Michigan University M.A.T. Sacred Heart University B.S. Umass Lowell

ARTICLES, ABSTRACTS, BOOKS with Burningham D., Deru L. (2010). What qualities make for an outstanding athletic training educator, teacher, and mentor? Athletic Training Education Journal, 5(4):183-186. Available at: http://www.nataej. org/5.4/0504-183186.pdf.

Learning with mnemonics in a therapeutic modalities course: A case report. Athletic Training Education Journal, 5(3):90-93. Available at: http:// nataej.org/5.3/0503-143147.pdf.

Teaching RARE students. Athletic Training Education Journal, 5(2):9093. Available at: http://www.nataej.org/5.2/0502-9093.pdf.

PRESENTATIONS with Herzog V. Athletic training educators’ perceptions and preferences for using games and puzzles as pedagogical tools. Poster presentation, National Athletic Trainers’ Association Educators Conference, Washington, DC. Games and puzzles: A fun and interactive method of teaching. Invited speaker, Michigan Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, Grand Rapids, MI. with Potter TA. Idiopathic sixth cranial nerve palsy in a female collegiate softball Player: A case report. Great Lakes Athletic Trainers’ Association Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, WI.

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Jennifer Bridges Professor of Kinesiology Appointed to SVSU in 1987 Ph.D. Texas Woman’s University M.A. Indiana University - Bloomington B.A. Northwestern University - Evanston

BOOKS/CURRICULUM PACKAGES with Weiller Abels, K. (2010). Teaching movement education: Foundation for active lifestyles. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. (book)

PAPERS/PRESENTATIONS Boyd, R. & Weiller-Abels, K. “English Vocabulary Development to ELL’s Using Movement.” Texas Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages State Conference. San Antonio, TX. October, 2010.

Weiller-Abels, K. & Bridges, J. “Fitness and Literacy for the Elementary Child: A Focus on Movement Education”. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. Indianapolis, IN. April, 2010.

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Karen M. Brown-Fackler Associate Professor of Nursing Appointed to SVSU in 2008 Ed.D. Central Michigan University M.S. University of Michigan B.S.N. University of Michigan

GRANTS $30,000 Nurse Professional Fund Scholarship Grant for MSN, BSN, and RN to BSN students, Michigan Department of Community Health. $64,643 Nurse Faculty Loan Program Grant, US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration. $33,553 Advanced Education Nursing Traineeship Grant, US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration.

PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS “Student Incivility in the Classroom.� Great Lakes Conference on Teaching and Learning, Central Michigan University, Michigan, 24 to 25 May, 2010.

Student incivility in the classroom can range from being an annoyance to the faculty member and other students to threatening the safety of others. Regardless of the severity of the problem, student incivility in the classroom adversely affects teaching and learning. The presentation was a review of the literature and research regarding uncivil student behavior as well as strategies that can be effective in preventing and dealing with classroom incivility.

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Sally A. Decker Professor of Nursing Appointed to SVSU in 1980 Ph.D. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor M.S.N. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill B.S.N. University of Maryland

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS Bias in the Choice of Reference Material by Nursing Students. Poster presentation with Elizabeth Roe at MNRS. Kansas City, April, 2010.

Nursing students are frequently assigned to write papers exploring phenomena important to their discipline. In most undergraduate programs in the US, students have access to electronic search engines to identify material. However, the choice of reference material used in the exploration of these phenomena may be influenced by availability of instant electronic access. From a critical social theory perspective, the knowledge gained by students in their exploration of nursing phenomena may be biased based on the electronic availability of articles, thus overrepresenting specific journals and authors. The problem to be addressed is: Are the paper references used by nursing students influenced by the electronic availability of supporting articles? If this is found, do those articles represent a bias in the exploration of the literature?

Previous studies in library science have identified an increase in the use of electronic journals and decrease in the use of print journals, but have not explored the differences in the source materials obtained in these formats. The method for analysis is that the reference page from phenomenon papers from a baccalaureate nursing class collected over several semesters were reviewed. Papers written on the phenomenon of pain were selected (N=100) due to the wide variety of literature which could be utilized. The references from these papers were analyzed for journal title, article title, date, country of origin of the authors, and availability of the article in full text in CINAHL or other databases. Ten of the “best� articles (strongest evidence, most closely related to health care system of student, and appropriateness for phenomenon) were identified and then compared with the list of references students used. Content analysis is being used for data analysis. Preliminary data indicates an over-reliance on full-text CINAHL database material and European authors.

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Use of Student Papers to Explore Chronic Pain as a Syndrome. Paper presented with E. Roe at AENTE-NANDA, Madrid, Spain, 2010.

Chronic pain has been proposed as a syndrome diagnosis by several authors. Syndrome designation indicates that several identifiable individual nursing diagnoses cluster together. Cruz and Pimenat have identified the cluster as disturbed sleep, ineffective coping and activity intolerance; while Simon identified disturbed sleep, constipation, deficient knowledge, impaired physical mobility and anxiety/fear. Several authors have pointed out the importance of anxiety as either an indicator of pain or part of the cluster of diagnoses, and still others have used labels of depression-pain syndrome and pain insomnia depression syndrome (PIDS), indicating that depression and insomnia are part of the pain experience. To further explore chronic pain and the associated diagnostic clusters, papers from 90 nursing students written as part of a course were reviewed. As part of the paper the students had to explore the concept of chronic pain, identify the defining attributes and associated research, and then identify a patient from practice experiencing chronic pain based on the defining attributes. The student papers included NANDA diagnoses/assessment data and interventions for chronic pain for this individual patient. As previously identified, different clusters of diagnoses are seen in patients with non-cancer pain. Depression, although not a NANDA diagnoses, was used to describe these patients.

In addition, sleep disturbance (insomnia versus sleep deprivation) and anxiety were frequently identified. Constipation or risk for constipation was not commonly identified and impaired physical mobility, although common in this group of patients was not commonly identified as related to pain. Student papers with detailed case analysis are a potential source of information for further exploration of chronic pain as a syndrome.

Evidence-Based Practice: From the Classroom to the Clinical Setting, a Mentoring Approach. Paper presented with Elizabeth Roe at Sigma Theta Tau International Research Congress, Orlando, Florida, July, 2010.

For twenty years, undergraduate nursing students at Saginaw Valley State University (SVSU) and nurses in local agencies have collaborated on Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) projects. These projects have resulted in changes in practice, having an impact on the nursing practice in the surrounding area. However, as has occurred elsewhere, the implementation of EBP in the clinical area has been slow. With this in mind, a faculty member from SVSU who has been involved in the course where these projects occurred served as an EBP mentor at one local Research Bulletin 2010

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hospital. In this role, she promoted EBP using an inquiry-based approach with the goal of improving the patient care. An inquiry-based approach is related to critical thinking in that it makes visible how to engage in higher level information processing to guide practice. This approach requires the students and nurses at the agencies to consider the context including the culture, capacity, and infrastructure within the agencies all of which have been identified as important to the promotion of EBP. With the student projects, nurses in the agencies identify practice concerns that they would like summarized in a EBP presentation. The students formulate questions using the PICO format and collect information from a variety of sources and evaluate the evidence using an evidence rating system.

The students then make practice recommendations to the nurses at the agency. With the EBP mentor, the same approach is used for the identification of the clinical problems, but the mentor also serves to help integrate the findings of both the student projects and the agency based projects into clinical practice. In addition, the role of the EBP mentor was able to take this a step further and help the nurses at the agency do their own EBP reviews and implement the EBP recommendations, including changes in policies.

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Donald W. Earley Associate Professor of Occupational Therapy Appointed to SVSU in 1999 O.T.D. Creighton University M.A. Central Michigan University B.S. Eastern Michigan University

ARTICLE with Herlache, E. & Skelton, D. (2010). Use of occupations and activities in a modified contraint-induced movement therapy program: A musician’s triumphs over chronic hemiparesis from stroke. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 64, 735-744.

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Mark A. Giesler Assistant Professor of Social Work Appointed to SVSU in 2007 Ph.D. University of Nebraska-Lincoln M.S.W. University of Nebraska-Omaha M.A. University of Northern Iowa B.A. Hanover College

ARTICLE with John M. Palladino, Ph.D. (Eastern Michigan University). Systemic challenges of infant foster care home visits. Early On Field Notes, 68-69.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS Recruiting and retaining male social work students: Implications for BSW programs. Annual Program Meeting, Council on Social Work Education, Portland, OR, October 2010. with John M. Palladino, Ph.D. (Eastern Michigan University). Getting back to our passion: Overcoming compassion fatigue. 2010 Early On Annual Conference & Faculty Colloquium, East Lansing, MI, October 2010.

Big (male) fish in a big (female) pond: Gender-based negotiation of male social work students in a BSW program, Ethnographic and Qualitative Research Conference, Cedarville, OH, June 2010. with John M. Palladino, Ph.D. (Eastern Michigan University). Baby talk: Identifying a grounded theory about infant special education practitioners’ perceptions of foster care. Ethnographic and Qualitative Research Conference, Cedarville, OH, June 2010.

Rolling with the punches: Using motivational interviewing to serve Head Start and Early Head Start families. Michigan Head Start Association 19th Annual Training Conference, Kalamazoo, MI, April 2010.

How gender competent are you? Diversity competence revisited.

National Association of Social Workers-Michigan Chapter Annual Conference, Dearborn, MI, April 2010.

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The recruitment and retention of male social work students: A diversity perspective. American Mens Studies Association Conference, Atlanta, GA, March 2010. with John M. Palladino, Ph.D. (Eastern Michigan University). The collaborative engagement of preservice special education teachers and school social workers. American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA, February 2010.

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Bonnie McKay Harmer Assistant Professor of Nursing Appointed to SVSU in 2004 Ph.D. University of Nebraska, Lincoln M.S.N. Saginaw Valley State University M.S.Ed. Niagara University B.S.N. Michigan State University

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Jaime Huffman (Saginaw Valley State University) and Barbara Johnson (Aleda E. Lutz VA Hospital, Saginaw). “Strengthening Clinical Education by Implementing a Clinical Peer Mentoring Program.” Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2010 Conference on Enhancing Nursing Undergraduate Teaching and Learning in the Clinical Setting: What do we know and how do we move forward? Arlington, Virginia, 19-21 October, 2010. with Jaime Huffman (Saginaw Valley State University). “The Use of a Clinical Peer Mentoring Program” RN-AIM Annual Conference, Okemos, Michigan, 15 September, 2010. with Jaime Huffman (Saginaw Valley State University), Barbara Johnson, Lina Boudiab (both Aleda E. Lutz VA Hospital, Saginaw). “Clinical Peer Mentoring: Educational Innovation in the Dedicated Education.”

Department of Veterans Affairs 3rd National Nursing Academy Conference, Chicago, Illinois, 3-5 August, 2010. with Maureen Anthony (University of Detroit, Mercy), Virginia Nelson, Jemica Carter, Lorraine Wadlington, Margaret Freundl (all John Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit) and Barbara Johnson (Aleda E. Lutz VA Hospital, Saginaw). “Using Simulation to Introduce Veteran Centered Care.” Department of Veterans Affairs 3rd National Nursing Academy Conference, Chicago, Illinois, 3-5 August, 2010. with Janalou Blecke (Saginaw Valley State University), Barbara Johnson (Aleda E. Lutz VA Hospital, Saginaw) and Margaret Freundl (John Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit). “Evidence based Nursing Practice: A Pillar of the Dedicated Education Unit” Department of Veterans Affairs 3rd National Nursing Academy Conference, Chicago, 3-5 August, 2010.

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with Jaime Huffman (Saginaw Valley State University). “A Continuous Care Simulation to Improve Handoffs Among BSN Students Caring for Veterans.” Emerging Technologies Conference, Boston, Massachusetts 18-20 July, 2010. with Jaime Huffman (Saginaw Valley State University). “The Use of Standardized Patient Actors in Simulation to Enhance Didactic Teaching of Empathy” Sigma Theta Tau, Region 10 Conference, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 16-17 April, 2010. with Jaime Huffman (Saginaw Valley State University). “The Use of Clinical Peer Mentoring to Promote Leadership in Senior BSN Students.”

Sigma Theta Tau International Leadership Summit, Atlanta, Georgia, 2324 April, 2010.

“Baton Pass: A Continuous Care Simulation to Improve Handoffs between BSN Student Nurses.” Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2010 Conference on Enhancing Nursing Undergraduate Teaching and Learning in the Clinical Setting: What do we know and how do we move forward? Arlington, Virginia, 20 October, 2010. with Barbara Johnson (Aleda E. Lutz VA Hospital, Saginaw). “Driving Quality and Safety Education in Nursing by using Clinical PeerMentoring” Department of Veterans Affairs 3rd National Nursing Academy Conference Chicago, Illinois, 5 August, 2010.

“Silenced in history: A Historical Study of Mary Seacole.” [Dissertation] under the supervision of Dr. Marilyn Grady, University of Nebraska, Lincoln.

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Ellen Herlache Research Coordinator, Occupational Therapy Appointed to SVSU in 2008 Ed.D. Argosy University M.A. Central Michigan University B.S. Saginaw Valley State University

ARTICLES with Earley, D. & Skelton, D. (2010, Sept/Oct). The Use of Occupations and Activities in a Modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy Program: A Case Report on a Musician’s Triumphs over Chronic Hemiparesis from Stroke. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 64(5), 735-744.

This case report addressed the use of therapeutic occupations and activities within a modified constraint induced movement therapy (mCIMT) approach for a 52 year old female violinist who was 4 years post ischemic stroke. Analysis of occupational performance was completed before and after intervention using a modified version of the Fugl-Meyer Sensorimotor evaluation, the Motor Functioning Assessment, the Arm Improvement and Movement Checklist, and information obtained from a client journal maintained throughout the course of treatment. The mCIMT protocol included use of distal constraint worn on the affected arm, with emphasis placed on participation in meaningful occupations and activities. Improved function in the affected extremity was noted at the conclusion of mCIMT. Shortly after completion of therapy, the client reported a return to playing the violin. The findings from this case report suggested that therapeutic use of meaningful occupations and activities integrated into a mCIMT protocol may be effective in addressing functional skills deficits for clients with upper extremity chronic hemiparesis. with Sheff, A. (2010, May 10). Meeting the needs of clients with hearing impairments. OT Practice, 7-8, 21.

It is likely that most occupational therapy practitioners will work with a client with a hearing impairment at some point during their careers.

Therapists working with clients with hearing impairments must place particular emphasis on learning about each client’s history and personal 132

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beliefs, to ensure that intervention plans and recommendations are respectful of the client’s perspectives about his or her hearing loss and goals of therapy, as well as his or her preferred communication methods.

This article provided guidelines for occupational therapy practitioners working with clients who are deaf, Deaf, or hard of hearing (HOH), to help them establish effective therapeutic relationships and provide the best possible services to these clients.

PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS Assistance Dogs: Facilitating Independence for People with Disabilities.

Annual Michigan Activity Therapy Conference, Midland, MI, September 2010.

With their focus on improving quality of life for clients with disabilities, rehabilitation professionals are in an ideal position to educate clients about Assistance Dogs. During this presentation, attendees learned about the steps involved in the training and placement of Assistance Dogs, and observed an Assistance Dog demonstration.

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Jaime Huffman Instructor of Nursing Ph.D. student Wayne State University M.S.N. Saginaw Valley State University B.S.N. Western Michigan University

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Bonnie Harmer (Saginaw Valley State University) and Barbara Johnson (Aleda E. Lutz VA Hospital, Saginaw). “Strengthening Clinical Education by Implementing a Clinical Peer Mentoring Program.” Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2010 Conference on Enhancing Nursing Undergraduate Teaching and Learning in the Clinical Setting: What do we know and how do we move forward? Arlington, Virginia, 19-21 October, 2010. with Bonnie Harmer (Saginaw Valley State University). “The Use of a Clinical Peer Mentoring Program” RN-AIM Annual Conference, Okemos, Michigan, 15 September, 2010. with Bonnie Harmer (Saginaw Valley State University), Barbara Johnson, Lina Boudiab (both Aleda E. Lutz VA Hospital, Saginaw).

“Clinical Peer Mentoring: Educational Innovation in the Dedicated Education.” Department of Veterans Affairs 3rd National Nursing Academy Conference, Chicago, Illinois, 3-5 August, 2010. with Bonnie Harmer (Saginaw Valley State University). “A Continuous Care Simulation to Improve Handoffs Among BSN Students Caring for Veterans.” Emerging Technologies Conference, Boston, Massachusetts 18-20 July, 2010. with Bonnie Harmer (Saginaw Valley State University). “The Use of Standardized Patient Actors in Simulation to Enhance Didactic Teaching of Empathy” Sigma Theta Tau, Region 10 Conference, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 16-17 April, 2010. with Bonnie Harmer (Saginaw Valley State University). “The Use of Clinical Peer Mentoring to Promote Leadership in Senior BSN Students.”

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Sigma Theta Tau International Leadership Summit, Atlanta, Georgia, 2324 April, 2010. “Baton Pass: A Continuous Care Simulation to Improve Handoffs between BSN Student Nurses.� Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2010 Conference on Enhancing Nursing Undergraduate Teaching and Learning in the Clinical Setting: What do we know and how do we move forward? Arlington, Virginia, 20 October, 2010.

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Jeremy Knous Assistant Professor of Kinesiology Appointed to SVSU in 2008 Ph.D. Michigan State University M.A. Michigan State University B.A. University of Texas of the Permian Basin

ARTICLES, BOOK CHAPTERS, ESSAYS Richard Carpenter (Thomas Jefferson University), Jeff Lemmer (Grand Valley State University), Ryan Francis (Michigan State University), Jeremy Knous (SVSU), Mark Sarzynski (Pennington Research Center), Christopher Womack (James Madison University). Tissue plasminogen activator and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene expression in muscle after maximal acute aerobic exercise. Journal of Exercise Physiology. 13(6) 2010.

Renee Privette (SVSU student), Kari Bowlbi (SVSU student), Jeremy Knous (SVSU), Joshua Ode (SVSU). The comparison of field tests to the Wingate test in professional hockey players. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (Supplement): 2010.

Kari Bowlbi (SVSU student), Renee Privette (SVSU student), Jeremy Knous (SVSU), Joshua Ode (SVSU). The Assessment of Repeat Wingate Performance in Professional Hockey Players. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (Supplement): 2010.

PRESENTATIONS “Fueling for Training and Performance� Athletes, Students, and Parents of Lake City Michigan High School. March 2010.

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Dorothy Lee Associate Professor of Nursing Appointed to SVSU in 2009 Ph.D. Wayne State University M.S.N. Wayne State University B.S.N. Wayne State University

ARTICLE The hypoxic ventilatory response and ventilatory long-term facilitation are altered by time of day and repeated daily exposure to intermittent hypoxia. with Gerst DG 3rd, Yokhana SS, Carney LM, Badr MS, Qureshi T, Anthouard MN, Mateika JH. This study examined whether time of day and repeated exposure to intermittent hypoxia have an impact on the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) and ventilatory long-term facilitation (vLTF). Thirteen participants with sleep apnea were exposed to twelve 4-min episodes of isocapnic hypoxia followed by a 30-min recovery period each day for 10 days.

On days 1 (initial day) and 10 (final day) participants completed the protocol in the evening (PM); on the remaining days the protocol was completed in the morning (AM). The HVR was increased in the morning compared with evening on the initial (AM 0.83 ± 0.08 vs. PM 0.64 ± 0.11 l•min-¹•%SaO2-¹; P ≤ 0.01) and final days (AM 1.0 ± 0.08 vs. PM 0.81 ± 0.09 l•min-¹•%SaO2-¹; P ≤ 0.01, where %SaO2 refers to percent arterial oxygen saturation). Moreover, the magnitude of the HVR was enhanced following daily exposure to intermittent hypoxia in the morning (initial day 0.83 ± 0.08 vs. final day 1.0 ± 0.08 l•mi-¹•%SaO2-¹; P ≤ 0.03) and evening (initial day 0.64 ± 0.11 vs. final day 0.81 ± 0.09 l•min-¹•%SaO2-¹; P ≤ 0.03). vLTF was reduced in the morning compared with the evening on the initial (AM 19.03 ± 0.35 vs. PM 22.30 ± 0.49 l/min; P ≤ 0.001) and final (AM 20.54 ± 0.32 vs. PM 23.11 ± 0.54 l/min; P ≤ 0.01) days.

Following daily exposure to intermittent hypoxia, vLTF was enhanced in the morning (initial day 19.03 ± 0.35 vs. final day 20.54 ± 0.32 l/min; P ≤ 0.01). We conclude that the HVR is increased while vLTF is decreased in the morning compared to the evening in individuals with sleep apnea and that the magnitudes of these phenomena are enhanced following daily exposure to intermittent hypoxia.

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Averetta E. Lewis Professor of Nursing Appointed to SVSU in 1994 Ph.D. Michigan State University M.S.N. Saginaw Valley State University B.S.N. Saginaw Valley State University B.A. Saginaw Valley State University

PUBLICATIONS HIV Testing among Adolescents in the United States: Update Using the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Data with Joseph Inungu, M.D.,Dr.PH, Deidre Verdun, M.P.A., M.P.H., Indiana University, Jessica Wood, B.S., Sara O’Brien, B.S. OPEN AIDS Journal published by Bethamscience.

For the purpose of this study, we examined the prevalence of HIV testing among adolescents and youth, assessed the location and type of test used during their last HIV testing, and described the socio-demographic characteristics of those who had tested for HIV. Data on adolescents and youth who participated in the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey were analyzed.

Of the 6,628 adolescents and youth who participated in the 2009 BRFSS, 54.4% were male, 59.1% were white, 37.4% graduated from high school, 29.6% lived in the west side of the United States. Their mean age was 20.9 years (Âą 2.07 SD). Of these participants, 31.8% had been tested for HIV. The majority of adolescents were tested for HIV either at a private doctor office (38%) or at a clinic (31.7%). Only 30.5% of adolescents were tested using a rapid HIV antibody test. Being female, African-American, Asian or multiracial, Divorced/Widowed, and living in the west or south in the US were associated with a high probability of testing for HIV. The low prevalence of adolescents who tested for HIV as and the low proportion of those offered rapid HIV testing raise in the aftermath of the 2006 new guidelines about HIV testing raise serious concerns about the effectiveness of HIV prevention efforts particularly among adolescents, a 138

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high risk group for HIV infection worldwide. Special attention must paid to groups including men, single, and Hispanic found to be less likely to have tested for HIV compared to their counterparts.

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Joshua Ode Assistant Professor of Kinesiology Appointed to SVSU in 2006 Ph.D. Michigan State University M.A. Central Michigan University B.A. Saginaw Valley State University

ARTICLES, BOOK CHAPTERS, ESSAYS Dawn Coe (University of Tennessee), Joshua Ode (SVSU), Karin Pfeiffer (Michigan State University), James Pivarnik (Michigan State University).

Accuracy of body mass index to determine overweight in youth.

International Journal of Body Composition Research 8, 147-154, 2010 Joshua Ode (SVSU). “Re-defining the meaning of impact� in Higher education and human capital: Re/thinking the doctorate in America (Amsterdam: Sense Publishers, Fall 2010) Joshua Ode (SVSU), James Pivarnik (Michigan State University).

Semester Changes in Physical Activity and Fitness in College Students.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (Supplement): 2010.

Renee Privette (SVSU student), Kari Bowlbi (SVSU student), Jeremy Knous (SVSU), Joshua Ode (SVSU). The comparison of field tests to the Wingate test in professional hockey players. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (Supplement): 2010.

Kari Bowlbi (SVSU student), Renee Privette (SVSU student), Jeremy Knous (SVSU), Joshua Ode (SVSU). The Assessment of Repeat Wingate Performance in Professional Hockey Players. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (Supplement): 2010.

Jennifer Flynn (University of Tennessee), Dawn Coe (University of Tennessee), Joshua Ode (SVSU). The Association between Vigorous Physical Activity and Grade Point Average in College Students. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (Supplement): 2010.

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PRESENTATIONS Exercise is Medicine on Campus: The Kinesiology Departments Role. Midwest American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting; Indianapolis, Indiana, October 2010.

Why does teaching about global health matter?. Teaching Workshop: Global Health and the Liberal Arts Curriculum, and Weissberg Conference: The Right to Health; Beloit College, Beloit, WI March 2010.

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Elizabeth A. Roe Associate Professor of Nursing Appointed to SVSU in 1988 Ph.D. Wayne State University M.S.N. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor B.S.N. Northern Michigan University

PAPERS “Bias in the Choice of Reference Material by Nursing Students.” Poster presentation with Sally Decker at Midwest Nursing Research Society.

Kansas City, April, 2010.

Nursing students are frequently assigned to write papers exploring phenomena important to their discipline. In most undergraduate programs in the US, students have access to electronic search engines to identify material. However, the choice of reference material used in the exploration of these phenomena may be influenced by availability of instant electronic access. From a critical social theory perspective, the knowledge gained by students in their exploration of nursing phenomena may be biased based on the electronic availability of articles, thus overrepresenting specific journals and authors. The problem to be addressed is: Are the paper references used by nursing students influenced by the electronic availability of supporting articles? If this is found, do those articles represent a bias in the exploration of the literature?

Previous studies in library science have identified an increase in the use of electronic journals and decrease in the use of print journals, but have not explored the differences in the source materials obtained in these formats. The method for analysis is that the reference page from phenomenon papers from a baccalaureate nursing class collected over several semesters were reviewed. Papers written on the phenomenon of pain were selected (N=100) due to the wide variety of literature which could be utilized. The references from these papers were analyzed for journal title, article title, date, country of origin of the authors, and availability of the article in full text in CINAHL or other databases. Ten of the “best” articles (strongest evidence, most closely related to health care system of student, and appropriateness for phenomenon) were identified and then compared with the list of references students used. Content analysis is being used for data analysis. Preliminary data indicates an 142

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over-reliance on full-text CINAHL database material and European authors.

“Use of Student Papers to Explore Chronic Pain as a Syndrome.” Paper presented with Sally Decker at AENTE-NANDA Congress, Madrid, Spain, 2010.

Chronic pain has been proposed as a syndrome diagnosis by several authors. Syndrome designation indicates that several identifiable individual nursing diagnoses cluster together. Cruz and Pimenat have identified the cluster as disturbed sleep, ineffective coping and activity intolerance; while Simon identified disturbed sleep, constipation, deficient knowledge, impaired physical mobility and anxiety/fear. Several authors have pointed out the importance of anxiety as either an indicator of pain or part of the cluster of diagnoses, and still others have used labels of depression-pain syndrome and pain insomnia depression syndrome (PIDS), indicating that depression and insomnia are part of the pain experience. To further explore chronic pain and the associated diagnostic clusters, papers from 90 nursing students written as part of a course were reviewed. As part of the paper the students had to explore the concept of chronic pain, identify the defining attributes and associated research, and then identify a patient from practice experiencing chronic pain based on the defining attributes. The student papers included NANDA diagnoses/assessment data and interventions for chronic pain for this individual patient. As previously identified, different clusters of diagnoses are seen in patients with non-cancer pain. Depression, although not a NANDA diagnoses, was used to describe these patients.

In addition, sleep disturbance (insomnia versus sleep deprivation) and anxiety were frequently identified. Constipation or risk for constipation was not commonly identified and impaired physical mobility, although common in this group of patients was not commonly identified as related to pain. Student papers with detailed case analysis are a potential source of information for further exploration of chronic pain as a syndrome.

“Evidence-Based Practice: From the Classroom to the Clinical Setting, a Mentoring Approach.” Paper presented with Sally Decker at Sigma Theta Tau International Research Congress, Orlando, Florida, July, 2010.

For twenty years, undergraduate nursing students at Saginaw Valley State University (SVSU) and nurses in local agencies have collaborated on Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) projects. These projects have resulted in changes in practice, having an impact on the nursing practice Research Bulletin 2010

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in the surrounding area. However, as has occurred elsewhere, the implementation of EBP in the clinical area has been slow. With this in mind, a faculty member from SVSU who has been involved in the course where these projects occurred served as an EBP mentor at one local hospital. In this role, she promoted EBP using an inquiry-based approach with the goal of improving the patient care. An inquiry-based approach is related to critical thinking in that it makes visible how to engage in higher level information processing to guide practice. This approach requires the students and nurses at the agencies to consider the context including the culture, capacity, and infrastructure within the agencies all of which have been identified as important to the promotion of EBP. With the student projects, nurses in the agencies identify practice concerns that they would like summarized in a EBP presentation. The students formulate questions using the PICO format and collect information from a variety of sources and evaluate the evidence using an evidence rating system.

The students then make practice recommendations to the nurses at the agency. With the EBP mentor, the same approach is used for the identification of the clinical problems, but the mentor also serves to help integrate the findings of both the student projects and the agency based projects into clinical practice. In addition, the role of the EBP mentor was able to take this a step further and help the nurses at the agency do their own EBP reviews and implement the EBP recommendations, including changes in policies.

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Suzanne M. Savoy Assistant Professor of Nursing Appointed to SVSU in 2005 Ph.D. Loyola University Chicago M.N. University of California, Los Angeles B.S. Columbia University, New York

POSTER PRESENTATIONS Savoy, S. M. (SVSU) & Penckofer, S. (Loyola University Chicago).

“Depressive Symptoms in Women Being Screened for Cardiovascular Disease Risk”, Midwest Nursing Research Society Annual Meeting, Kansas City, KS, March 2010.

Depressive symptomology is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and remains under-diagnosed as well as undertreated by healthcare providers. Over 15% of persons with CVD have depressive symptoms, and women are twice as likely to experience these symptoms. Assessment of depressive symptoms in women “at risk” for CVD has not been well studied, and hence was the justification for this research study. This study investigated the relationship between depressive symptoms, health-promoting lifestyle behaviors, heart disease risk awareness, cardiac risk, and quality of life in women. Study participants (n=125) were predominantly urban, non-Hispanic, white, married women, with some college education, employed full-time, and a household income between $25,000-49,999. Over one-third of the women were depressed with a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score equal to or greater than 16. Depressive symptoms were not associated with cardiac risk or risk awareness in this sample of CVD “at risk” but risk aware women. The higher the depressive symptoms score, the less likely were the women to follow a healthy lifestyle and the less likely were they to report a good quality of life. Since depressive symptoms reduce the likelihood of following a treatment plan, depressive symptoms are recommended to be added to CVD risk assessment in women.

Savoy, S. M. “Health-Promoting Lifestyle Behaviors Mediate the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Life in Healthy Women.” RN-AIM Annual Meeting, Okemos, MI. September 28, 2010.

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Depressive symptomology is experienced twice as frequently in women and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The association between depressive symptoms, health-promoting lifestyle behaviors (HPLB), and quality of life (QOL) has not been investigated in healthy women being screened for CVD risk. In a study of 125 women (mean age 57.7, ± 9.6), one-third were depressed with a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score equal to or greater than 16. While the self-reported HPLB total score indicated that two-thirds of the women often followed a healthy lifestyle, their lifestyle subscale scores and CVD risk profile revealed that most women were physically inactive, over half were obese, nearly a half had hypertension and were dylipidemic, and one-third did not follow a healthy diet. Based upon the American Heart Association guidelines for risk assessment in women, only a quarter of these women were in the optimum risk group.

Physical inactivity was the most frequently reported risk factor placing these women in the “at risk” heart disease category. A strong inverse relationship was found between depressive symptoms and both HPLB and QOL. A strong positive association was found between HPLB and QOL. Following the Baron and Kenny (1986) mediation analysis, HPLB did mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and QOL. Therefore, HPLB, QOL, and depressive symptoms assessment are recommended to augment the traditional CVD risk assessment in women. This will enable the development of a CVD risk modification program tailored to a woman’s mood, lifestyle, and QOL status.

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Debra Wagner Assistant Professor of Nursing Appointed to SVSU in 2006 D.N.P. Rush University Chicago M.S.N. Saginaw Valley State University

ARTICLE An Exploration of the Nature of Caring Relationships in the Writings of Florence Nightingale with Bonnie Whaite, M.S.N., R.N. Journal of Holistic Nursing 2010 28: 225 DOI: 10.1177/0898010110386609 The purpose of this qualitative, historical field study was to identify the nature and attributes of caring relationships as depicted in the writings of Florence Nightingale. Latent content analysis was the methodology used for the discovery and analysis of words, ideas, and themes from selected Nightingale works.

Five themes were identified that represented a caring relationship: attend to, attention to, nurture, competent, and genuine. These themes are congruent with Nightingale’s threefold concept of nursing.

Watson’s Carative factors were used to cross-validate the results.

The findings of this study indicate that the phenomenon of caring relationships in nursing has been a part of our professional language since Victorian times. Historical research provides a sense of connectedness to nursing’s past and contributes to the ongoing education of nurses and further development of the nursing profession.

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College of Science, Engineering and Technology We believe that SVSU provides exceptional opportunities for students interested in the sciences, mathematics, engineering, or computer science. We are proud of our many programs in these areas. Students who enroll in SVSU’s science and engineering courses experience: • Small classes taught by full-time faculty members or qualified adjunct faculty members • New, well-equipped laboratories and classrooms • Opportunities for hands-on operation of modern instrumentation and equipment • Opportunities for independent research and engineering design projects • Excellent advising and mentoring in preparation for advanced study in professional, medical or graduate programs • Active student organizations in biology, chemistry, physics, math, computer science, health professions, engineering, Formula One racing, and robotics • Attractive physical facilities Our dedicated faculty and staff are committed to providing the highest quality undergraduate programs geared towards personalized attention and hands-on learning.

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Mohammad Saad Alam Assistant Professor Electrical & Computer Engineering Appointed to SVSU in 2010 Ph.D. Tennessee Technological University M.S. Illinois Institute of Technology B.S. Aligarh Muslim University

ARTICLES “Industrial think tank’s approach towards fuzzy logic”, CSI Communication’s special issue on Fuzzy Computing, November, 2010 “Technical Challenges in the integration of plugin-hybrid evhicles with the smart grid”, Key note Speaker at the Conference of advances in Mechanical Engineering, Aligarh, UP, India, Nov 27-28, 2010 with A. Alouani, “Dynamic modeling of PV array for real-time maximum power tracking ”, Journal of Renewable Sciences and Energy, AIP, NY, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2010

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with A. Alouani, “Hardware in the Loop Verification of the Dynamic Model of a Photovoltaic Module for Maximum Power Point Tracking”, National Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering, Aligarh, UP, India, Nov 27-28, 2010

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Cyrus P. Aryana Associate Professor of Mathematics Appointed to SVSU in 2000 Ph.D. University of Georgia M.S. Sharif University of Technology B.S. University of Tehran

PAPER “A direct calculation of the vector Riemann constants corresponding to the marked doubles.” National Joint Mathematics Meetings, American Mathematical Society Sessions, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 6-9, 2011.

When a multiply connected planar region D is the conjugate symmetric region obtained from the unit disc by removing g greater than or equal to 1 disjoint closed discs D1,...,Dg centered on the real axis then the double X of such a region has the extra anticonformal involution map Q: X → X of reflection in the real axis. A direct calculation for the vector Riemann constants Δ0 for such double X is given.

The calculation is made through marking X by a symmetric canonical homology basis, an earlier work of Gholamreza Akbari Estahbanati (now known as Cyrus P. Aryana) [Proc. of The Amer. Math. Soc., vol. 124, 9 (1996), 2737-2744].

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Moe Bidgoli Associate Professor of Computer Science and Information Systems Appointed to SVSU in 1985 M.S. University of Nebraska B.S. University of Tehran

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Hansen, J., Hansen, E., Tapp, A., James, S. (2010). Using Assignments in a VB.Net Class to Create Simulations for Use by Teachers. In C. Crawford et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (pp.1912-1916). Chesapeake, VA: AACE. The authors discuss the use of VB.Net as an authoring tool to create a dice throwing simulation for use by teachers. VB.Net is used to produce small simulation programs so users can conduct experiments that they would not be able to do in reality. Creating e-learning simulations will enable students to fully exploit the multimedia possibilities that online learning offers. A case study illustrates the potential of simulations to enhance the delivery of instructional material in an academic context.

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Stephanie A. Brouet Assistant Professor of Chemistry Appointed to SVSU in 2010

PRESENTATION with Amber M. Hupp, “Creative Learning Activities for a ‘Chemistry in Context’ course for Non-Science Majors” Oral presentation, American Chemical Society Conference, San Francisco, CA, March 2010.

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Alan D. Freed Clifford H. Spicer Chair in Engineering Appointed to SVSU in 2007 Ph.D. University of Wisconsin, Madison M.S. University of Wisconsin, Madison B.S. University of Wisconsin, Madison

PAPER “Hypoelastic Soft Tissues, Part I: Theory.” Acta Mechanica, 213 (2010), 189-204. DOI: 10.1007/s00707-009-0276-y. with Einstein, D. R., and Sacks, M. S. “Hypoelastic Soft-Tissues, Part II: In-Plane Biaxial Experiments.” Acta Mechanica, 213 (2010), 205-222.

DOI: 10.1007/s00707-010-0357-y.

FUNDED PROJECT Title: Viscoelastic Model for Lung Parenchyma for Multi-Scale Modeling.

Funded by: The National Institutes of Health. Supported by Award Number R01HL073598 from the National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute. Funding period: September 2010 - September 2012.

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John C. Hansen Professor of Computer Science and Information Systems Appointed to SVSU in 1999 Ph.D. Michigan State University M.S. Ohio University A.B. University of Miami

PAPER with Hansen, E., Tapp, A. & James, S. (2011). The Use of E-collaboration in Educational Technology and Development Courses at Saginaw Valley State University. In Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2011 (pp. 321-326).

Chesapeake, VA: AACE. The potential for collaborative learning in higher education is well documented and is traditionally recognized through face-to-face interaction. More recently, studies show the benefits to computersupported online collaboration or e-collaboration. This paper looks at levels of e-collaboration in three course offered under the educational technology and development designator.

ARTICLES with Hansen, E., Tapp, A., James, S. & Bidgoli, M. (2010). Using Assignments in a VB.Net Class to Create Simulations for Use by Teachers. In C. Crawford et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (pp.1912-1916). Chesapeake, VA: AACE. The authors discuss the use of VB.Net as an authoring tool to create a dice throwing simulation for use by teachers. VB.Net is used to produce small simulation programs so users can conduct experiments that they would not be able to do in reality. Creating e-learning simulations will enable students to fully exploit the multimedia possibilities that online learning offers. A case study illustrates the potential of simulations to enhance the delivery of instructional material in an academic context.

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with Tapp, A., Hansen, E. & Long, R. (2010). Developing Future Educational Technology Faculty: Creating an Effective Model. In C. Crawford et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (pp. 1015-1017).

Chesapeake, VA: AACE. A case study approach has been employed to describe the mentoring experiences of three master’s level, educational technology program graduates. Due to their successes within the program, each was encouraged to consider a career as university faculty. As a result, each was mentored by a full time faculty member, had an opportunity to teach within the educational technology program, and is researching the pursuit of a terminal degree. The authors will discuss the effects of this model on these graduates, their students, as well as the implications for their program. A model based on these experiences has been developed, and will be presented.

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Olivier Heubo-Kwegna Assistant Professor of Mathematical Sciences Appointed to SVSU in 2009 Ph.D. New Mexico State University Diploma ICTP Trieste, Italy M.A. University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon B.A. University of Douala, Cameroon

ARTICLE “Kronecker Function Rings of Transcendental Field Extensions.”

Communications in Algebra 38 (2010): 8, 2701-2719.

We consider the ring Kr(F/D), where D is a subring of a field F, that is the intersection of the trivial extensions to F(X) of the valuation rings of the Zariski-Riemann space consisting of all valuation rings of the extension F/D and investigate the ideal structure of Kr(F/D) in the case where D is an affine algebra over a subfield K of F and the extension F/K has countably infinite transcendence degree, by using the topological structure of the Zariski-Riemann space. We show that for any pair of nonnegative integers d and h there are infinitely many prime ideals of dimension d and height h that are minimal over any proper nonzero finitely generated ideal of Kr(F/D).

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Ming-Tie Huang Associate Professor of Physics Appointed to SVSU in 2002 Ph.D. Kansas State University B.S. National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan

PAPER DAMOP 2010 (annual meeting for the Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics of American Physical Society) Houston, Texas, 5/25 ~5/29, 2010 “ Even-parity resonances with synchrotron radiation from Laser Excited Lithium at 1s22p State” Correlated many-body dynamics is still one of the unsolved fundamental problems in physics. Such correlation effects can be most clearly studied in processes involving single atoms for their simplicity. Lithium, being the simplest open shell atom, has been under a lot of study. Most of the studies focused on ground state lithium. However, only odd parity resonances can be populated through single photon (synchrotron radiation) absorption from ground state lithium (1s22s). Lithium atoms, after being laser excited to the 1s22p state, allow the study of even parity resonances.

We have measured some of the even parity resonances of lithium for resonant energies below 64 eV. A single-mode diode laser is used to excite lithium from 1s22s ground state to 1s22p (2P3/2) state. Photoions resulting from the interaction between the excited lithium and synchrotron radiation were analyzed and collected by an ion time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer with a Z- stack channel plate detector. The Li+ ion yield was recorded while scanning the undulator along with the monochromator. The energy scans have been analyzed regarding resonance energies and parameters of the Fano profiles. Our results for the observed resonances will be presented.

GRANT Unit Committee Grant, 2010,

$2,917

“Polarization Dependence of Resonant Ionization Processes Using Laser and Synchrotron Radiation” Research Bulletin 2010

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Scott James Associate Professor of Computer Science and Information Systems Appointed to SVSU in 2000 Ph.D. Oakland University M.S. GMI Engineering and Management Institute B.S. Saginaw Valley State University

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Hansen, J., Hansen, E., Tapp, A. & Bidgoli, M. (2010). Using Assignments in a VB.Net Class to Create Simulations for Use by Teachers. In C. Crawford et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (pp.1912-1916). Chesapeake, VA: AACE. The authors discuss the use of VB.Net as an authoring tool to create a dice throwing simulation for use by teachers. VB.Net is used to produce small simulation programs so users can conduct experiments that they would not be able to do in reality. Creating e-learning simulations will enable students to fully exploit the multimedia possibilities that online learning offers. A case study illustrates the potential of simulations to enhance the delivery of instructional material in an academic context.

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Garry L. Johns Professor of Mathematical Sciences Appointed to SVSU in 1988 Ph.D. Western Michigan University M.S. Michigan State University B.A. University of Michigan – Flint

ARTICLE with Amy Hlavacek (SVSU), and Steven J Winters (University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh). “The exterior of a graph or tree.” Ars Combinatoria Vol. 133 (2010): 223-234.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS “Knight’s tours on rectangular chessboards using extensions.”

Southeastern International Conference on Combinatorics, Graph Theory and Computing, Boca Raton, Florida, March 2010.

The classic puzzle of finding a closed knight’s tour on a chessboard consists of moving a knight from square to square in such a way that it lands on every square once and returns to its starting point. The 8 x 8 chessboard can easily be extended to rectangular boards, and in 1991, A. Schwenk characterized all rectangular boards that have a closed knight’s tour. More recently, Demaio and Hippchen investigated the impossible boards, and determined the fewest number of squares that must be removed from a rectangular board so that the remaining board has a closed knight’s tour. In this paper we define an extended closed knight’s tour for a rectangular chessboard as a closed knight’s tour that includes all squares of the board and possibly additional squares (called extensions) beyond the boundaries of the board, and answer the following question: How many squares must be added to a rectangular chessboard so that the new board has a closed knight’s tour? with Tom Zerger. “Conjecturing with GeoGebra animations.”

International Conference on Technology in Collegiate Mathematics, Chicago, Illinois, March 2010.

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tools. Sliders allow students to visually compare graphs and figures, while the navigation bar illustrates many step-by-step procedures.

The presenters demonstrated how to create animations and shared downloadable samples from algebra and geometry.

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David S. Karpovich H.H. Dow Endowed Chair Professor of Chemistry Appointed to SVSU in 1998 Ph.D. Michigan State University B.S. Saginaw Valley State University

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Gretchen Roekle, Christopher Alvey, Jacob Pederson, (all SVSU students); Christopher Schilling. “Biodegradable Plastics from Proteins and Polysaccharide Carboxylates,” poster presented at the annual meeting of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, Grand Rapids, MI, March 26, 2010. with Christopher Alvey, Jordan Cotton, Gretchen Roekle (all SVSU students), Christopher Schilling, Tami Sivy. “Bioplastics from protein and polysaccharide carboxylates: Structure and strength relationships.”

National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 2010.

This poster will present our work on the structure and strength relationships in bioplastic materials made from protein and polysaccharides obtained from agriculture and bio-fuel byproducts.

The aqueous process to make these materials involves conversion of the C6 hydroxyl to a carboxyl in the polysaccharide, followed by gel formation upon interaction with soy protein. The gel is dried to yield a material with high strength relative to control samples. This material is further processed through compression molding (10,000 psi at 125oC) resulting in dimensionally accurate shapes that have tensile strengths approximately 2.5 times those of the starting materials. Our data suggests the properties of these materials are the result of several intermolecular processes including hydrogen bonding between polymeric chains and chemical bonding involving polysaccharide carboxylates and protein ammonium groups. with Anthony J. Lucio, Cassie J. Patterson, Iwan Setiawan (all SVSU students), Christopher Schilling. “Glycerin/fuel oil emulsions for use in heating applications.” National Meeting of the American Chemical Research Bulletin 2010

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Society, San Francisco, California, March 2010.

Biodiesel is commercially produced using a base catalyzed transesterification reaction between triglyceride oil and methanol.

This process also yields the major byproduct, glycerin, containing contaminants which include the base catalyst and partially reacted mono- and diglycerides. Rather than purifying the glycerin for high value applications, we found wide interest in using it in the crude form as a heating fuel. We accomplished this using emulsions of glycerin and fuel oil. These were developed by using a systematic hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) study to determine the optimum surfactant mixture. In this poster we will present our results on the emulsion formulations including their burning efficiency and exhaust emissions when burned in a commercially available oil furnace. with Margot M. London, Anthony J. Lucio, Rafe A. MacKenzie, Jason Vogel, David Armstrong, Christopher M. Alvey (all SVSU students).

“Growing as individuals, unifying as a team, achieving success.” National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 2010.

As many are aware, recruiting and retaining members from year to year is a difficult task. This year, our chemistry club has incorporated new managerial techniques to enhance the professionalism of our club.

These new techniques consist of holding weekly officers meetings, increasing awareness and attendance of club events, and encouraging club members to participate more in the organization of events. With more students in the club being actively involved with events, we hope to be able to use our improved numbers to become a more active chemistry club this year in our school and community. Some initiatives we intend to execute this year to maintain these high numbers and accomplish more as a club include implementing an events committee, establishing a member of the year award, and hosting a research symposium on campus to attract students interested in on-campus research. This poster will detail the outcomes of these initiatives. with Anthony J. Lucio (SVSU student), Lanny Robbins (Lacro Technologies). “Surfactant technology for oil/glycerin emulsions.” Fall Scientific Meeting of the Midland Section, American Chemical Society, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, November 2010.

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When soy biodiesel production peaked in the last decade, excess byproduct glycerin overwhelmed the market. Research began to find uses for the impure glycerin with considerable interest in its use as a heating fuel. However, glycerin alone is difficult to burn with its low volatility and high flash point. Previously, we successfully burned glycerin using a co-fuel in a furnace equipped with dual-fuel injection capabilities. However, to make use of more widely available single-fuel furnaces, we began work to emulsify glycerin and fuel oil into a single fuel. Model surfactants that produce oil/water emulsions established the starting point for the study but it was quickly discovered that oil/glycerin emulsions had very different surfactant needs. The glycerin byproduct can contain contaminants such as the base catalyst, salts and partially reacted glycerides. As a result, a host of surfactants were studied with glycerin and fuel oil to produce stable emulsions. This poster will discuss the unique surfactant systems necessary for stable fuel oil/glycerin emulsions. with Gretchen Roekle, Christopher Alvey, Rafe MacKenzie, Jordan Cotton (all SVSU students), Christopher Schilling. “Bioplastics from protein and polysaccharide carboxylates: Structure analysis using ATRFTIR.� Fall Scientific Meeting of the Midland Section, American Chemical Society, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, November 2010.

Due to the inherently impure nature of reactant materials, the structural analysis of agricultural and biofuel waste derived protein/polysaccharide complexes can be difficult. The formation process involves the conversion of the C6 hydroxyl on glucose moieties of the polysaccharide to a carboxyl using oxidation and acylation. This is followed by gel formation upon interaction with soy protein isolate. The gel is then dried to yield a material with high strength relative to control samples. This material is further processed through compression molding (10,000 psi at 125oC) resulting in dimensionally accurate shapes that have tensile strengths of approximately 2.5 times those of the starting materials.

Using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, we were able to confirm the conversion of the C6 hydroxyl to a carboxyl using both oxidation and acylation reactions, and we have found spectral evidence for amide formation during heated compression molding.

GRANTS: with Lanny Robbins (Larco Technologies), and Christopher Schilling.

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“Developing Glycerin in oil emulsions for heating fuel supplements”, Michigan Soybean Promotion Committee, $19,975, September 2008 – September 2010.

This goal of this project is to develop glycerin/oil emulsions in order to facilitate the use of glycerin as fuel in commonly available fuel oil burners. A recently completed MSPC funded project at SVSU demonstrated a dual fuel furnace system for using glycerin as a heating fuel. While successful, that study revealed some limitations of the dual fuel system that can potentially be addressed with this proposal.

Specifically this study will determine if stable glycerin/oil emulsions can be made in the laboratory using inexpensive and environmentally friendly surfactants. If the emulsions can be made, it will be determined if they can be used interchangeably with pure fuel oil in an oil burner without adjustment or secondary fuel storage. Finally, if the glycerin/oil emulsions burn successfully, a pilot testing opportunity will be pursued with a commercial fuel consumer which may include an area asphalt plant as suggested from the first glycerin fuel study. with Jason Pagano, Christopher Schilling Tami Sivy, and Ronald.

Williams, “MRI-R2: Acquisition of Raman and thermal analysis instrumentation for materials studies.” National Science Foundation, $308,954. February 2010 – January 2012.

The instrumentation requested in this proposal enables new studies in the bio-plastics research already established at SVSU by Drs. Karpovich and Schilling. This multidisciplinary research involves faculty and students in several areas of chemistry (analytical, biochemical, physical) and mechanical engineering. Drs. Sivy and Karpovich will work to further understand several aspects of the interactions between the bio-plastic components and their relationship to strength using Raman spectroscopy. Drs. Pagano, Schilling, and Karpovich will further study the thermodynamics of these interactions using DSC-TGA and relate them to molecular scale properties with Raman spectroscopy. The latter group will also use Raman microscopy to study the spatial variation of molecular structure on a micron scale for the purpose of mapping the chemical nature of material heterogeneities and defects. Drs. Williams and Karpovich will investigate the structure/strength relationship between Raman spectral trends in both the precursor materials and bio-plastics at various stages of preparation. In addition to the bio-plastics research, in a separate research project Dr. Pagano will study precipitation tube reactions and the resulting silica precipitation tube materials using 166

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Raman spectroscopy and microscopy as well as DSC-TGA. with Amanda Ross, Martin Arford, and Edward Meisel III. “Great Lakes Innovative Stewardship Through Education Network (GLISTEN) Collaborative Cluster Planning Grant.” National Center for Science and Civic Engagement. $10,000, November 2010 – May 2011.

Saginaw Valley State University and its GLISTEN partners reside in the Saginaw Bay Watershed, the largest in Michigan. Land use within the watershed can strongly influence water quality in Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron. Nutrient loading, bacterial pollution, erosion, and the spread of invasive plant species are key issues related to land use in the watershed. This GLISTEN cluster will engage college students with regional partners in activities designed to impact the key issues through education, awareness, and service. The GLISTEN partners to be involved in the planning phase include Saginaw Valley State University, Delta College, Chippewa Nature Center, and Bay City State Park (MIDNRE Parks Division). with C. H. Schilling (PI). “Biodegradable DDG Sporting Clays,” Michigan Corn Marketing Program, $11,800, January 1, 2010 to December 16, 2010. C. Schilling (PI), and D. Karpovich, “Biodegradable Plastics from Protein and Polysaccharide Carboxylates,” Michigan Initiative for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, $83,000, August 2008 to June 2010.

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Kenneth L. Kearns Assistant Professor of Chemistry Appointed to SVSU in 2010 Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Madison M.S. University of Wisconsin-Madison B.S. Saginaw Valley State University

ARTICLES with Mark D. Ediger (University of Wisconsin-Madison), Heiko Huth and Christoph Schick (both University of Rostock), “One Micrometer Length Scale Controls Kinetic Stability of Low-Energy Glasses.” Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters (2010): vol. 1 pg. 388-392. with Tim Still, George Fytas (both Max Planck Institute for Polymer Physics), Mark D. Ediger (University of Wisconsin-Madison), “HighModulus Organic Glasses Prepared by Physical Vapor Deposition.”

Advanced Materials (2010): vol. 22, pg. 39-42. with Katherine R. Whitaker, Mark D. Ediger (both University of Wisconsin-Madison), Heiko Huth and Christoph Schick (both University of Rostock), “Observation of low heat capacities for vapor-deposited glasses of indomethacin as determined by AC nanocalorimetry.” Journal of Chemical Physics (2010): vol. 133, pg. 014702/1-014702/10.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Stephen F. Swallen, Ye Sun, Kevin Dawson, Tian Wu, Lian Yu, Mark D. Ediger (all University of Wisconsin-Madison) Heiko Huth, Christoph Schick (University of Rostock) Tim Still, and George Fytas (Max Planck Institute for Polymer Physics) “Leveraging enhanced surface dynamics to prepare extraordinarily stable organic glasses.” Midland Section meeting of the American Chemical Society, Mt. Pleasant, MI, November 2010.

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Saginaw Valley State University

Gary M. Lange Professor of Biology Appointed to SVSU in 1995 Ph.D. Michigan State University M.S. Central Michigan University B.S. Saginaw Valley State University

GRANTS with Rosalyn Sweeting (SVSU) “Science for First Generation in College Program” Michigan Space Grant Consortium - Pre-College Education Program. $4,700 Funds from this project are used to develop undergraduate student tutors who work in two different local schools to foster understanding of science and to serve as role models for high school students. The primary focus is on assisting high school students who are potential first generation students in their family to pursue a college education.

PAPERS with Nick Halaby, Matthew Holden, James Payne, and Travis Washburn (SVSU students) “Effects of Diisononyl Phthalate on Development and Behavior of the Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)” Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Phthalates are a commonly used plasticizing agent used in the manufacturing of a wide array of products including lubricants, binders, glues, and surfactants. The general public is most commonly exposed to phthalates through the use of everyday items, such as plastic drink wear or plastic packaging. Several phthalate forms exist, and in the different forms, several have been shown to display endocrine disrupting properties, including alteration in gonadal function and development.

Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. In this study we will use a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model to determine the effects of this compound on neural growth, development and fecundity.

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flies following DINP exposure. Results are examined in comparison to mutant strains of fruit flies relevant to neuroscience. with Renee` S. Moretz, Jessica A. Short, and Tyler Beyett (SVSU students) “Effects of Lead Acetate on the Growth, Development, and Fecundity of Different Strains of Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)” Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Lead acetate is a chemical compound that has been widely used in manufacturing and commercial activities for decades. The use of this chemical is especially prominent in the textile industry where it is used as an agent in the inks that dye a variety of fabrics. Historically lead acetate has been used as a drying component in paints and varnishes where as in the modern day, residues of this compound remain in many forms including hair dyes and many cosmetics. The use of many different forms of lead along with other heavy metals has been banned due to known effects on cognitive ability. Some of these neurological effects are suspected a result of endocrine disruption. Specifically, lead acetate has been shown to cross the placenta in utero, leading to profound developmental effects in the offspring of exposed, pregnant mammals.

Current theories suggest lead acetate may be a contributor to altering immunogenicity of various nervous system proteins, a likely pathway for endocrine disruption. In this study we will use a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model to determine the effects of this compound on growth, development and fecundity. Results are examined in comparison to various strains of fruit flies with known genetic mutations relevant to neuroscience and endocrinology. with Tyler Beyett (Saginaw Valley State University student) “A Study of the Effects of Developmental Pentachlorophenol Exposure on the Adult Locomotor Behavior in Fruit Flies (Drosophila melanogaster)” Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) has been use since the 1930s in many different biocidal roles. Since the 1980s, PCP has been primarily used as a wood preservative. Recent research has begun to call into question the safety of PCP treated lumber for workers and in the environment.

There is evidence that PCP leaches significantly out of the wood and can contaminate local water sources especially in climates with high precipitation and/or soils that hold and retain water readily. Previous 170

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work in our lab has shown that PCP exposure has been shown to delay development in fruit flies and has been shown to alter pupation heights.

In the present study we report on the developmental effects of PCP specifically on locomotor behavior of adult fruit flies. Our current working theory is based upon an inference that PCP may act as an antagonist on ecdysone receptors related to growth and development. with Kaitlin DuCharme, Brenton Fetting, Oleg Kinachtchouk, Ryan Phillips, and Elizabeth Wall (SVSU students) “Effects of Prenatal Exposure to the Plasticizer Diisononyl Phthalate on the Development and Behavior of Neonatal and Juvenile Female Rats (Rattus norvegicus)�

Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Phthalates are a commonly used plasticizing agents used in the manufacturing of a wide array of products including enteric coatings on medications, lubricants, binders, glues, surfactants and a myriad of other common uses. The general public is most commonly exposed to phthalates through the use of common plastic items, such as plastic drink wear or plastic packaging. Several phthalate forms exist, and in the different forms, several have been shown to display endocrine disrupting properties, including alteration in gonadal function and development, and more notably, changes in muscular system development. Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. Prior work in our laboratory suggests the effects of DINP appear to be sexually dimorphic at environmentally relevant exposures. Effects were noticed in neuromuscular function in females. In the present work, pregnant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) were exposed daily to environmentally relevant levels of diisononyl phthalate. The female pups from these litters were examined at birth and their weight, anogenital statistic, ability to nurse, and righting responses were measured and compared with a control population. As juveniles, exposed and control animals were tested via elevated plus maze, rotarod, grip strength meter, and open field tests to compare behavioral and muscular development between control and exposed populations of females. Data were compared to previously collected physiological and behavioral data. The results of this study may be indicative of how plasticizing agents, such as DINP, alter the success of the mammalian physiological systems, leading to further potential study of long term generational effects.

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POSTERS “The Study of Endocrine Disruption as a Method for Guiding Undergraduate Student Research” The Council of Undergraduate Research National Meeting: Undergraduate Research as Transformative Practice - Developing Leaders and Solutions for a Better Society.

Weber State University, Ogden, Utah. June 2010.

Research in the field of endocrine disruption is at the cutting edge of science in a wide array of subdisciplines of biology including physiology, neuroscience, ethology, and environmental science. As such, it is of interest to a broad mix of students in traditional and ancillary majors associated with biology. In this work, methodology developed to create undergraduate research teams is described that has allowed my lab to foster significant undergraduate student participation in research.

Emphasis is given to describing the tools employed to help students transition from being simply student workers in this research to becoming actual collaborative research partners. with Kaitlin DuCharme, Brenton Fetting, Oleg Kinachtchouk, John Macheso, Ryan Phillips, and Elizabeth Wall (SVSU Students) “Effects of Prenatal Exposure to the Plasticizer Diisononyl Phthalate on the Development and Behavior of Neonatal and Juvenile Rats (Rattus norvegicus)” The Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada, July 2010.

Similar in scope to the paper presented at the Michigan Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters in March, this poster examines the effects of Diisononyl phthalate (DINP). This compound is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. In the present work, both male and female pups were examined at birth and their weight, anogenital statistic, ability to nurse, and righting responses were measured and compared with a control population. As juveniles, exposed and control animals were tested via elevated plus maze, rotarod, grip strength meter, and open field tests to compare behavioral and muscular development between control and exposed populations of males and females.

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Tai-Chi Lee Professor of Computer Science & Information Systems Appointed to SVSU in 1988 Ph.D. University of Utah M.S. Southeastern Louisiana University M.S. University of Illinois at Chicago B.S. National Taiwan Normal University

ARTICLE “An Implementation of Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems.” The International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics & Computing, Academic Publications. Vol. 66, No 2, page 229-244. 2011.

This research proposes a public key generation for an ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem) using FPGA’s. To improve the strength of encryption and the speed of processing, the public key and the private key of ECC are used in 3BC (Block Byte Bit Cipher) algorithm, which generates session keys for the data encryption. We are investigating a novel approach of software/hardware co-design implemented in Verilog Hardware Description Language (VHDL), which produces hardware algorithm components to place onto the FPGAs, thereby creating adaptive software overlays differentiated by use of a Universal Unique Identifier (UUID) as a functional operand to a custom arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).1

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION “Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems with Custom Computing Machine.” The Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, pp 166-169, July 12-15, 2011, Las Vegas, NV. The majority of products that use public-key cryptography for encryption/ decryption use RSA algorithm. But as we know, the key length for secure RSA has increased over the years. This would demand a heavy computing power for applications, especially for electronic commerce site that process a large number of transaction. Recently, a different approach of generating public key based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) has begun to challenge the weakness of RSA. Its security relies Research Bulletin 2010

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on the problem of computing logarithms on the points of an elliptic curve.

The main attraction of ECC is that it appears to offer equal security for a far smaller key size, thereby saving the processing overhead.

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Bing Liu Professor of Mathematical Science Appointed to SVSU in 2000 Ph.D. State University of New York at Buffalo M.A. State University of New York at Buffalo B.A. Xinxiang Normal University

ARTICLES with Shusen Ding (Seattle University), “Global estimates for singular integrals of the composite operator.” Illinois Journal of Mathematics, Volume 53, Number 4, Winter 2009, Pages 1173-1185. (The issue appeared on November 2010.)

We establish the Poincare-type inequalities for the composition of the homotopy operator and the projection operator applied to the nonhomogeneous A-harmonic equation in John domains. We also obtain some estimates for the integral of the composite operator with a singular density.

“Some estimates of integrals with a composition operator,” Journal of Inequalities and Applications, Vol.2010, Article ID 928150, 10 pages, 2010. doi:10.1155/2010/928150.

We give some estimates of integrals with a composition operator, namely, composition of homotopy, differential, and Green’s operators with the Lipschitz and BMO norms. We also have estimates of those integrals with a singular factor. with Shusen Ding (Seattle University). “Global estimates for singular integrals of the composite operator”, Illinois Journal of Mathematics, Volume 53, Number 4, Winter 2009, page 1173-1185.

We establish the Poincare-type inequalities for the composition of the homotopy operator and the projection operator applied to the nonhomogeneous A-harmonic equation in John domains. We also obtain some estimates for the integral of the composite operator with a singular density.

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Enayat Mahajerin Professor of Mechanical Engineering Appointed to SVSU in 1984 Ph.D. Michigan State University M.S. Michigan State University B.S. College of Science and Technology of Tehran

PAPERS with Gary Burgess (MSU). “Mathematical Modeling of the ASTM Vertical Shock Test.” Proceedings of the 2010 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, November 12-18, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Shipment containers are subjected to dynamic forces due to vibration during transportation. Long term exposure to these forces can adversely affect the container and the product inside. Vibration testings of containers are used to assess the product integrity. One standard test is the ASTM Vertical Shock Test known as Method A1. The test requires that the package and product inside must survive one hour of vertical vibration at a frequency that causes it to repeatedly lift off the Vibration Table. The lift off must be high enough to insert a 1.58 mm (0.0625 inch) shim underneath the container being tested. In this paper, mathematical modeling and a numerical solution applied to this situation are presented. Equations of motion of the package are derived and are solved for displacement, velocity and acceleration fields during contact and airborne. The force experienced by the product during the test as the package bounces on the Vibration Table is computed from the equilibrium equation. The procedure can be used to assess product damage as a result of cumulative damage. Results show that the shim requirement can be satisfied using a range of Table frequencies suggesting that the product can exhibit varying degrees of fatigue.

Variations of motion and the dynamic force with respect to the physical parameters of the package and the Table frequencies are investigated. with Raghu Echempati (Kettering University) and Anca Sala (Baker College). “Assessment of a Common Finite Element Analysis Course.”

Presented at the 2010 American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE) Conference and Exposition, June 17-20, Louisville, Kentucky.

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This paper discusses the outcome of the common assessment of a sample introductory undergraduate level course on finite element analysis taught at three different local four-year engineering colleges.

The assessment is based on the commonly taught course contents at these colleges and based on identifying the common course learning objectives (CLO’s). Assessment tools such as class work, home work, quizzes, tests, as well as the final exam and/or final project work with presentations will be used to assess the performance of the students.

Finite element analysis (FEA) course typically requires prerequisites knowledge in Statics, Mechanics of Materials and to some extent Engineering Materials, Computer Aided Modeling and Machine Design although many students usually take FEA as seniors but there are few mathematical and CAE tools are typically used for this course with more emphasis on finite element methods rather than finite element modeling using a CAE tool. The math tools such as MATLAB involve using matrix algebra for most part to solve the equations obtained by either direct stiffness method or by energy methods for 1D and 2D problems. CAE tools involve modeling components that involve simple or complex geometry, and solving those using SOLID EDGE/UG/ANSYS/IDEAS software. Results of assessment will be presented in the form of charts and tables and discussed in detail. A sample assessment and evaluation form will also be included in the paper. with Gary Burgess (MSU). “Theoretical Investigation of the Effect of Flute Profile on Flat Crush Strength of Corrugated Board.” To appear in the “International Journal of Computational Methods (IJCM).”

The curved beam theory is used to investigate buckling failure of corrugated boards. The corresponding governing differential equation is developed from the geometry of the flute and the equilibrium equations. The resulting differential equation is highly nonlinear for which an iterative algorithm is presented. The method can be used to study buckling of the corrugated board and measure the flat crush load (FCT) of a variety of flute shapes. It is shown that for a given amount of medium, there exists an optimum flute shape that gives the highest FCT. Because a low FCT means poor performance in printing operations and cushioning, the method can help manufacturers to select appropriate corrugated boards. The corresponding MATLAB algorithm and examples are presented.

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Edward C. Meisel III Greenhouse Director Appointed to SVSU in 2005 M.E. Saginaw Valley State University B.Sc. Michigan State University A.S. Delta College

GRANT Evaluation of Organic Gantec Advance LLC Natural Plant Supplements for Effects on Lycopersicon esculentum Cupid Hybrid (grape tomato) Crop Yield. Grant funding of $4,042.45 for Fall 2010.

The overall goal of our research program is to develop a more facile, affordable, and safe means for growth of food produce. In order to accomplish these goals, there needs to be a movement away from commercial synthetic plant products. This research proposal will independently evaluate specific organic plant supplements (both soil additive and emulsifiable foliar concentrate) for effects on grape tomato crop germination, health, productivity, and yield.

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Jason J. Pagano Assistant Professor of Chemistry Appointed to SVSU in 2008 Ph.D. Florida State University M.S. State University of New York at Oswego B.S. State University of New York at Oswego

BOOK CHAPTER O. Steinbock and J. Pagano, “Structure Formation in Inorganic Precipitation Systems.” Nonlinear Dynamics with Polymers: Fundamentals, Methods and Applications, J. A. Pojman and Q. TranCong-Miyata, Ed.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Chapter 11, 219-239, 2010.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS “Physical Characterization of Tubular Precipitates via the Reverse Calcium-Silica Garden.” Annual Conference of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters. Calvin College, March 2010. with F. S. Pratama, H. F. Robinson. “Synthesis and Compositional Analysis of Reverse Calcium-Silica Tubes.” The Midland Section of the American Chemical Society-Fall Scientific Meeting. Central Michigan University, November 2010. with F. S. Pratama, H. F. Robinson. “Physico-chemical Analysis of Reverse Calcium-Silica Tubes.” Gordon Research ConferenceOscillations & Dynamic Instabilities in Chemical Systems. Lucca (Barga), Italy. July 2010.

GRANTS AND FUNDED RESEARCH with Hannah F. Robinson and Fredy S. Pratama (SVSU Students).

“Physical Characterization of Tubular Structures from Reverse Silica Gardens.” SVSU Faculty Research Grant. $3,000. 2010-2011.

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Zhidong “Patrick” Pan Professor of Mathematical Sciences Appointed to SVSU in 1993 Ph.D. University of Connecticut M.S. University of Connecticut B.S. Beijing University, China

ARTICLE “Isomorphisms and Generalized Derivations of Some Algebras,” Journal of Expositiones Mathematicae, Volume 28, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 365373 (Co-authored with Jiankui Li and Jiren Zhou, both of East China University of Science and Technology).

PAPER “Derivable Mappings and Derivations,” Great Plains Operator Theory Symposium, University of Denver, June 14–18, 2010.

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Kathleen Pelkki Biology Laboratory Technician Appointed to SVSU in 1986 M.S. University of Michigan B.S. Western Michigan University

ARTICLE with Jason A. Scott (Queen’s University), John P. Incardon (Northwest Science Fisheries Science Center), Sally Shepardson (SVSU), Peter V. Hodson (Queen’s University). AhR2-mediated, CYP1A-independent Cardiovascular Toxicity in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos Exposed to Retene.

In the embryo-larval stages of fish, alkylphenanthrenes such as retene (7-isopropyl-1-methylphenanthrene) produce a suite of developmental abnormalities typical of exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), including pericardial and yolk sac edema, cardiovascular dysfunction, and skeletal deformities. To investigate the mechanism and target tissue of retene toxicity, we used observational, histological, and protein knockdown techniques in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. The primary overt signs of toxicity are pericardial edema and reduced blood flow, first observed at 36 h post-fertilization (hpf). The most pronounced effects at this stage are a reduced layer of cardiac jelly in the atrium and reduced diastolic filling. Conversely, an increased layer of cardiac jelly is observed at 72 hpf in retene-exposed embryos. Induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) is apparent in a subset of cardiomyocytes by 48 hpf suggesting that early cardiac effects may be due to AhR activation in the myocardium. Myocardial CYP1A induction is transient, with only endocardial induction observed at 72 hpf. Knockdown of cyp1a by morpholino oligonucleotides does not affect retene toxicity; however, ahr2 knockdown prevents toxicity. Thus, the mechanism of retene cardiotoxicity is AhR2-mediated and CYP1A-independent, similar to TCDD; however, the onset and proximate signs of retene toxicity differ from those of TCDD. Retene cardiotoxicity also differs mechanistically from the cardiac effects of non-alkylated phenanthrane, illustrating that alkyl groups can alter toxic action. These findings have implications for understanding the toxicity of complex mixtures containing alkylated and non-alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Christopher Schilling C.J. Strosacker Professor and Chair of Engineering Appointed to SVSU in 2001 Ph.D. University of Washington M.S. University of California at Los Angeles B.S. California State Polytechnic University

GRANTS AWARDED with D. Karpovich, “Biodegradable DDG Sporting Clays,” Michigan Corn Marketing Program, $11,800, January 1, 2010 to December 16, 2010. with D. Karpovich, “Biodegradable Plastics from Protein and Polysaccharide Carboxylates,” Michigan Initiative for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, $83,000, August 1, 2008 to June 30, 2010. with D.S. Karpovich (PI), J. Pagano, T. Sivy, , and R. Williams, “MRI-R2: Acquisition of Raman and thermal analysis instrumentation for materials studies. National Science Foundation , Awarded: $308,954. February 2010 – January 2012.

“Processing Hydrogen and Ethanol from Energy Crops: Engineering Economic Analysis,” U.S. Department of Energy 21st Century Renewable Fuels, Energy & Materials Initiative at Kettering University, $50,000, October 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011. with B. Hart (PI), “Enhanced Algae Growth via Carbon Dioxide Absorption and LED Lighting,” Independent Testing Laboratory subcontract to Michigan Economic Development Corporation and Sequest, L.L.C. (Bloomfield Hills, MI), $60,000, March 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010. with G. Puia (PI), M. Clevey, and B. Thomas, “Social Entrepreneurship Course Development Aimed at Basic Human Needs in the Context of the Comprehensive Entrepreneurship Minor,” National Collegiate Inventors Alliance, $6,500, June 1, 2009 to June 1, 2010.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with C. Alvey, J. Cotton, G. Roekle (all SVSU students), T. Sivy, and D. Karpovich, “Bioplastics from Protein and Polsaccharides: Structure and Strength Relationships”, poster presented at the American Chemical 182

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Society Spring National Meeting, March 22, 2010, San Francisco, CA. with A. Lucio, C. Patterson, I. Setiawan (all SVSU students), and D. Karpvovich, “Glycerin /fuel oil emulsions for use in heating applications,” poster presented at the American Chemical Society Spring National Meeting, March 22, 2010, San Francisco, CA. with G. Roekle, C. Alvey, R. MacKenzie, Jordan Cotton (all SVSU students), and D. Karpovich, “Biodegradable Plastics from Proteins and Polysaccharide Carboxylates: Structure Analysis using ATR-FTIR,” poster presented at the Fall Scientific Meeting of the Midland Chapter of the American Chemical Society, November 6, 2010, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan. with G. Roekle, C. Alvey, J. Pederson (all SVSU students), and D. Karpovich, “Biodegradable Plastics from Proteins and Polysaccharide Carboxylates,” poster presented at the annual meeting of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, Grand Rapids, MI, March 26, 2010. ] with B. Thomas, “Discreet Element Modeling of Transient Heat Flow in a Passive Geothermal Greenhouse,” poster presented at the annual meeting of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, Grand Rapids, MI, March 26, 2010.

ONLINE RESOURCES “Introduction to Wind Turbine Engineering,” invited presentation at a webinar, “Planning for Wind Energy”, hosted by the American Planning Association, Jan 22, 2010. The webinar was simulcast to all US chapters of that association. During the simulcast, over a hundred members were in attendance. Powerpoint slides and an audio recording are retrievable on the internet to association members only.

At the present time, more and more city managers and related regional leaders are engaged in land-use planning of renewable energy infrastructure. Uniform guidelines are needed to assist these individuals as they look ahead to building regional wind farms, solar installations, bioenergy processing facilities, and so on. The American Planning Association, which is the nation’s top professional society for community and regional planning, is taking the lead in providing its members with uniform and consistent educational media for such planning. Focused on wind, this webinar is part of a webinar series on land-use planning of various mainstream renewable energy technologies including solar and bioenergy.

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Sally Shepardson Assistant Professor of Biology Appointed to SVSU in 1991 M.S. University of Maine B.S. University of Maine

ARTICLES with Sophie Breton (Kent State University), Donald T. Stewart (Acadia University), Richard J. Trdan (SVSU), Arthur E. Bogan (North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences), Eric G. Chapman (University of Kentucky), Andrew J. Ruminas (Kent State University), Helen Piontkivska (Kent State Universit), and Walter R. Hoeh (Kent State University).�Adaptive Heteroplasmy via Extramitochondrial Functionality of Novel mtDNA-encoded Proteins: mtDNA-based Sex Determination in Bivalves.� In Press: PLoS (Public Library of Science) Mitochondrial function depends critically on optimal interactions between components encoded by mitochondrial and nuclear DNAs. Strict maternal mtDNA inheritance (SMI) is thought to have evolved in animal species to maintain mito-nuclear complementarity by preventing the spread of selfish mitochondrial elements thus typically rendering mtDNA heteroplasmy evolutionarily ephemeral. Here we show that mtDNA heteroplasmy can have deterministic underpinnings and persist for hundreds of millions of years. We demonstrate that the only exception to SMI in the animal kingdom, i.e., the doubly uniparental mtDNA inheritance system in bivalves, with its three-way interactions among egg mt-, sperm mt- and nucleus-encoded gene products, is fundamental to the maintenance of separate male and female sexes (dioecy) in freshwater mussels. Specifically, this motherthrough-daughter and father-through-son mtDNA inheritance system, containing highly differentiated mt genomes, is found in all dioecious freshwater mussel species. Conversely, all hermaphroditic species lack the paternally transmitted mtDNA (= possess SMI) and have heterogeneous macromutations in the recently discovered, novel proteincoding gene (F-orf) in their maternally transmitted mt genomes. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we have localized the F-ORF protein, likely involved in specifying separate sexes, in mitochondria and in the nucleus. Our results represent strong evidence for the direct involvement 184

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of mtDNA in sex determination, a first case, to our knowledge, in the animal kingdom. Concomitantly, our study demonstrates novel features for animal mitochondrial genomes: the existence of additional, lineagespecific, mtDNA-encoded proteins with functional significance, the involvement of mtDNA-encoded proteins in extramitochondrial functions, and the likely participation of mtDNA gene products in bivalve speciation.

Our results open new avenues for the identification, characterization and functional analyses of open reading frames in the intergenic regions, previously defined as “non-coding”, found in a large proportion of animal mt genomes. with Jason A. Scott (Queen’s University), John P. Incardon (Northwest Fisheries Science Center), Kathleen Pelkki (SVSU), and Peter V. Hodson (Queen’s University). “AhR2-mediated, CYP1A-independent Cardiovascular Toxicity in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos Exposed to Retene.” In Press: Aquatic Toxicology In the embryo-larval stages of fish, alkylphenanthrenes such as retene (7-isopropyl-1-methylphenanthrene) produce a suite of developmental abnormalities typical of exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), including pericardial and yolk sac edema, cardiovascular dysfunction, and skeletal deformities. To investigate the mechanism and target tissue of retene toxicity, we used observational, histological, and protein knockdown techniques in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. The primary overt signs of toxicity are pericardial edema and reduced blood flow, first observed at 36 h post-fertilization (hpf). The most pronounced effects at this stage are a reduced layer of cardiac jelly in the atrium and reduced diastolic filling. Conversely, an increased layer of cardiac jelly is observed at 72 hpf in retene-exposed embryos. Induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) is apparent in a subset of cardiomyocytes by 48 hpf suggesting that early cardiac effects may be due to AhR activation in the myocardium. Myocardial CYP1A induction is transient, with only endocardial induction observed at 72 hpf. Knockdown of cyp1a by morpholino oligonucleotides does not affect retene toxicity; however, ahr2 knockdown prevents toxicity. Thus, the mechanism of retene cardiotoxicity is AhR2-mediated and CYP1A-independent, similar to TCDD; however, the onset and proximate signs of retene toxicity differ from those of TCDD. Retene cardiotoxicity also differs mechanistically from the cardiac effects of non-alkylated phenanthrane, illustrating that alkyl groups can alter toxic action. These findings have implications for understanding the toxicity of complex mixtures containing alkylated and non-alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Tami L. Sivy Assistant Professor of Chemistry Appointed to SVSU in 2008 Ph.D. University of Colorado, Boulder, CO B.S. Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Devan Schlund (SVSU student; Biochemistry major). “Isoprene Synthase as a Possible Relief Mechanism for Dimethylallyl Diphosphate Related Cytotoxicity.” Spring ACS (American Chemical Society) National Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 22 March 2010.

Previous studies involving the expression of exogenous mevalonic acid (MVA) have resulted in pathway flux dependent cytotoxicity. It has been suggested that this cytotoxicity is caused by an overabundance of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), one of the two end products of the MVA pathway. This study aims to pinpoint DMAPP as the cause of MVA pathway related cytotoxicity by expressing the isoprene synthase gene recently isolated from certain species of poplar trees in bacterial cells expressing an exogenous MVA pathway. Since the isoprene synthase gene encodes for an enzyme that converts DMAPP into isoprene, a volatile compound that can easily leave the cell, the expression of this isoprene synthase gene should lower the concentration of intracellular DMAPP produced during MVA expression, thereby lowering the level of cell death. Specifically, E.coli will be engineered to coexpress the MVA pathway and isoprene synthase. By measuring and correlating isoprene production, intracellular DMAPP levels, and cytotoxicity, we can determine whether isoprene synthesis can relieve the hypothesized DMAPP toxicity. It is expected that increases in the level of expression of the MVA pathway in these engineered cells will lead to increases in the level of isoprene produced by these cells. Consequently, the increase in isoprene production should cause a decrease in DMAPP concentration, thereby decreasing cytotoxicity.

GRANTS AND FUNDED RESEARCH with David D. Karpovich, Jason Pagano, Christopher H. Schilling, and Ronald Williams (all SVSU). “MRI-R2: Acquisition of Raman and 186

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thermal analysis instrumentation for materials studies.” National Science Foundation. $308,954. 2010 The purpose of the requested funds is to upgrade and enhance the instrumentation capabilities at Saginaw Valley State University (SVSU) by the addition of a research grade Raman spectrometer with 3D microscopic imaging capability, a research grade differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument.

The complementary research projects described herein will spotlight the need for upgrades in current Raman and thermal analysis capabilities, as well as suggesting important applications of the instruments in new and existing research that are unfeasible with our present resources.

“Exploration of prenyl diphosphates as cytotoxic molecules. SVSU Faculty Research Award.” $5000. 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011 Isoprenoids are ubiquitous metabolites that are important in atmospheric chemistry and as pharmaceuticals. The role of the simplest molecule in this group, isoprene, has not been described. We propose that isoprene is produced as a way to relieve the cell of toxic intermediates of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway and present experiments herein that will explore this. First, as there is no sensitive and specific method to measure the immediate precursors to isoprene production, dimethylallyl diphosphate and its isomer isopentenyl diphosphate, we plan to develop a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method to determine the intracellular levels of these two compounds and see if their concentrations are correlated to isoprene biosynthesis and cell growth.

Additionally, we will knock out a gene, the enzyme product of which uses dimethylallyl diphosphate as a substrate, in the isoprene-producing bacterium Bacillus subtilis. We expect this to increase the cytotoxicity that has been attributed to high levels of isoprenoid pathway flux because of higher dimethylallyl diphosphate pools and perhaps affect the isoprene production as well.

“Measurements of urine lantionine ketimine, a metabolite which could be implicated as a molecular cause of Down Syndrome phenotypes.” Allen Foundation. $3400. 1 May 2010 to 31 December 2010.

The proposed research aims to refine a method to determine levels of lanthionine ketimine (LK) and apply the method to urine samples obtained from individuals with Down Syndrome. We have hypothesized that LK is produced at elevated levels in the cells of those who overexpress the cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) enzyme, such as Research Bulletin 2010

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those with Down Syndrome as it is coded for on their triplicated 21st chromosome. LK is potentially responsible for the oxidative stress that occurs with Down Syndrome, causing much of the physiological effects. If this hypothesis proves to be true, the overactivity of the CBS enzyme and the overproduction of its downstream product, LK, could be targets for nutritional remediation and/or gene therapies in attempts to counteract a molecular cause of Down Syndrome.

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Stephen W. Taber Associate Professor of Biology Appointed to SVSU in 2004 Ph.D. University of Texas at Austin M.S. Texas Tech University B.S. Texas A&M University

BOOK Scott B. Fleenor (University of Texas at Austin) and Stephen Taber (SVSU). 2009. “Plants of Central Texas Wetlands.” Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, Texas.

ARTICLES “A new species of Tricyphona Zetterstedt crane fly (Diptera: Tipulidae). “ The Southwestern Entomologist 35.1 (2009): 59-68.

“The antlered crane fly, Tanyptera dorsalis (Walker) (Diptera: Tipulidae), in Michigan and a review of its distribution and biology. “ Northeastern Naturalist 17.2 (2010): 337-340.

“A new species of Dixella Dyar & Shannon meniscus midge (Diptera: Dixidae).” The Southwestern Entomologist 35.3 (2010): 295-307.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS “A new crane fly species (Diptera: Tipulidae) from Michigan.” SVSU Science & Engineering Symposium, 23 April 2010.

“A new crane fly species (Diptera: Tipulidae) from Michigan.” Annual Conference of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts & Letters, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 26 March 2010,.

“A new meniscus midge species from Michigan (Diptera: Dixidae).”

Annual Meeting of the Michigan Entomological Society, Kettunen Center near Cadillac, Michigan, 26 June 2010,.

“A new Philomycus mantleslug species from Texas and a key to U.S. Philomycus species.” SE&T College Colloquium Series, 18 October 2010.

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Richard Trdan Professor of Biology Appointed to SVSU in 1976 Ph.D. University of Minnesota M.S. University of Minnesota B.S. St. Cloud State College

ARTICLE Sophie Breton (Kent State University), Donald T. Stewart (Acadia University), Sally Shepardson (SVSU), Arthur E. Bogan (North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences), Eric G. Chapman (University of Kentucky), Andrew J. Ruminas (Kent State University), Helen Piontkivska (Kent State University), and Walter R. Hoeh (Kent State University). “Adaptive Heteroplasmy via Extramitochondrial Functionality of Novel mtDNA-encoded Proteins: mtDNA-based Sex Determination in Bivalves.�

In Press: PLoS (Public Library of Science) Mitochondrial function depends critically on optimal interactions between components encoded by mitochondrial and nuclear DNAs. Strict maternal mtDNA inheritance (SMI) is thought to have evolved in animal species to maintain mito-nuclear complementarity by preventing the spread of selfish mitochondrial elements thus typically rendering mtDNA heteroplasmy evolutionarily ephemeral. Here we show that mtDNA heteroplasmy can have deterministic underpinnings and persist for hundreds of millions of years. We demonstrate that the only exception to SMI in the animal kingdom, i.e., the doubly uniparental mtDNA inheritance system in bivalves, with its three-way interactions among egg mt-, sperm mt- and nucleus-encoded gene products, is fundamental to the maintenance of separate male and female sexes (dioecy) in freshwater mussels. Specifically, this motherthrough-daughter and father-through-son mtDNA inheritance system, containing highly differentiated mt genomes, is found in all dioecious freshwater mussel species. Conversely, all hermaphroditic species lack the paternally transmitted mtDNA (= possess SMI) and have heterogeneous macromutations in the recently discovered, novel proteincoding gene (F-orf) in their maternally transmitted mt genomes. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we have localized the F-ORF protein, likely involved in specifying separate sexes, in mitochondria and in the 190

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nucleus. Our results represent strong evidence for the direct involvement of mtDNA in sex determination, a first case, to our knowledge, in the animal kingdom. Concomitantly, our study demonstrates novel features for animal mitochondrial genomes: the existence of additional, lineagespecific, mtDNA-encoded proteins with functional significance, the involvement of mtDNA-encoded proteins in extramitochondrial functions, and the likely participation of mtDNA gene products in bivalve speciation.

Our results open new avenues for the identification, characterization and functional analyses of open reading frames in the intergenic regions, previously defined as “non-coding�, found in a large proportion of animal mt genomes.

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191

Robert B. Tuttle Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineer Appointed to SVSU in 2004 Ph.D. University of Missouri at Rolla B.S. Worcester Polytechnic Institure

ARTICLE “Examination of Steel Castings for Potential Nucleation Phases,” International Journal of Metalcasting, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 17-26, Summer 2010 The production of steel castings needs to meet more stringent requirements on mechanical properties and cost. One possibility to improve mechanical properties is to develop grain refiners for steel castings. There are no industrially significant grain refiners for steels.

While developing grain refiners based on theoretical models could assist development, there is likely already materials that function in current castings as nuclei for austenite dendrites. It was found that TiN inclusions may have assisted in the nucleation of dendrites during the solidification of several industrial castings.

PAPERS “Macroinclusion Sources within the Steel Casting Process,” Proceedings of the 114 th Metalcasting Congress, Orlando, FL, 2010.

The project documented in this paper attempted to identify macroinclusion formation sources by sampling throughout the steel casting process. Liquid steel samples were taken at furnace tapping, prior to pouring, and after the casting solidified. Dissolved oxygen readings were also acquired after blowing and just after tapping. A multitude of process variables were recorded in an attempt to determine relationships between process variables and macroinclusion content.

Metallographic analysis of the steel samples determined the number and size of inclusions larger than 20 µ m. These measurements were then compared to oxygen levels and process variables. Statistical analysis found a statistically weak correlation between the number of oxides, the blow temperature, and after blow oxygen content of the steel. While not statistically significant, the sampling location appeared to play a 192

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role in the macroinclusion count. Macroinclusion size was determined to decrease from the furnace to the ladle but increased within the casting. The reduced inclusion count was attributed to oxide flotation.

The increased inclusion size within the casting is potentially the result of turbulence and reoxidation within gating system.

“Grain Refinement in Plain Carbon Steels,” Proceedings of the 114 th Metalcasting Congress, Orlando, FL, 2010.

Grain refinement has been successfully employed in aluminum, magnesium, and copper based alloys and cast irons. While there has been some work done on grain refinement in steel, there is still not a significant amount of knowledge to help develop an industrial process.

The research documented by this paper attempted to produce grain refinement from selected material powders in 1010 and 1030 steel.

Selected powders were placed in a shell core cup with a Type S thermocouple, which was then filled with liquid steel. Cooling curves were recorded and used to determine undercooling. Microscopy of the samples verified the amount of grain refinement attained in each sample.

CoAl 2 O 4 , NiAl, TiN, and TiO 2 produced a significant reduction in undercooling in 1010. It was not possible to determine as-cast grain size in the micrographs of the 1010 samples. CeO 2 , MgO, and NbC reduced the undercooling for the 1030 samples. While CoAl 2 O 4 did not reduced undercooling, it did produce observable refinement in the 1030 samples.

“Effect of Cooling Rate on the Mechanical Properties of a Fully Pearlitic Ductile Iron,” Proceedings of the 114 th Metalcasting Congress, Orlando, FL, 2010.

The relationship between cooling rate and mechanical properties is not completely understood in ductile iron. Previous work concentrated on ductile irons with a fully ferritic or partially pearlitic matrix. This paper examines the role cooling rate plays on the properties of a fully pearlitic ductile iron. A series of molds with different size tensile bars were poured in resin and green sand molds to vary the cooling rate. Cooling rate had no significant impact on the mechanical properties of this type of ductile iron. However, the as-cast skin and percentage of pearlite had a significant effect on properties.

GRANTS: “Solidification Based Grain Refinement of Steels,” Office of Naval Research, $233,017.83, June 2008 to July 2011.

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This project is a two year project on the development of grain refiners for steels. Grain refinement based on manipulation of solidification has been successfully achieved in aluminum, copper, magnesium, and cast iron alloys. The high temperatures of molten steel, and ability to thermomechanically refine steel has caused a lack of interest in developing a similar technology in steels. However, the need for increased strength in net-shape components and the advent of strip casting at steel mills has caused interest in this area. The goal of the project is to determine how to manipulate the solidification of steels to cause a fine grained structure in the as-cast condition. A finer structure will increase the strength and ductility without the need for expensive alloying elements. “Machinability of FeMnAl Alloys,� American Foundry Society, $24,700, October 1, 2010 to October 1, 2011.

One impediment to employing these alloys is a lack of knowledge about their machinability. The effect of alloy composition on machinability has not been investigated. In fact, no data on machining these new alloys has been published. Nor is any current work on the appropriate cutting parameters or tool geometry being done. Since at some point any product made from these alloys would need some type of machining operation, resources would have to be devoted to elucidate the machining characteristics of these alloys. If this examination and investment had to be done as part of a product development cycle, it is unlikely that any company looking to use the FeMnAl alloys would be willing to adopt them.

By conducting a basic study of the machinability of FeMnAl alloys, companies will have valuable information that can be used in current and next generation military and transportation products. This project will also enable the development of cutting parameters and tooling geometry appropriate for these. As a direct result of this project and the partnership with Fullerton Tool, foundries will have a supplier of cutting tools that has previous experience with the FeMnAl alloys and suitable tooling. The ability to know that these alloys can be effectively machined would reduce the hesitancy in the marketplace to produce FeMnAl alloys.

Therefore, the US military would be able to procure components made from multiple sources. Other possible users, such as the automotive and aerospace markets, would also have an understanding of the basic processing requirements and the necessary information to assist in selecting applications for these alloys.

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William R. Vautaw Associate Professor of Mathematics Appointed to SVSU in 2007 Ph.D. Michigan State University M.A. Purdue University B.S. University of Michigan

ARTICLE with Garry L. Johns (SVSU). “Tour Sets and Tour Vertices in Graphs with No End-Vertices� Congressus Numerantium 203 (2010), pp. 97-104.

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Students

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Christopher Alvey Biochemistry major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Gretchen Roekle, Jacob Pederson, (all SVSU students); David S. Karpovich and Christopher Schilling. “Biodegradable Plastics from Proteins and Polysaccharide Carboxylates,” poster presented at the annual meeting of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, Grand Rapids, MI, March 26, 2010. with Jordan Cotton, Gretchen Roekle (SVSU students), David S. Karpovich, Christopher Schilling, Tami Sivy. “Bioplastics from protein and polysaccharide carboxylates: Structure and strength relationships.”

National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 2010.

This poster will present our work on the structure and strength relationships in bioplastic materials made from protein and polysaccharides obtained from agriculture and bio-fuel byproducts.

The aqueous process to make these materials involves conversion of the C6 hydroxyl to a carboxyl in the polysaccharide, followed by gel formation upon interaction with soy protein. The gel is dried to yield a material with high strength relative to control samples. This material is further processed through compression molding (10,000 psi at 125oC) resulting in dimensionally accurate shapes that have tensile strengths approximately 2.5 times those of the starting materials. Our data suggests the properties of these materials are the result of several intermolecular processes including hydrogen bonding between polymeric chains and chemical bonding involving polysaccharide carboxylates and protein ammonium groups. with Margot M. London, Anthony J. Lucio, Rafe A. MacKenzie, Jason Vogel, David Armstrong, (all SVSU students) and David S. Karpovich.

“Growing as individuals, unifying as a team, achieving success.” National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 2010.

As many are aware, recruiting and retaining members from year to year is a difficult task. This year, our chemistry club has incorporated new managerial techniques to enhance the professionalism of our club.

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These new techniques consist of holding weekly officers meetings, increasing awareness and attendance of club events, and encouraging club members to participate more in the organization of events. With more students in the club being actively involved with events, we hope to be able to use our improved numbers to become a more active chemistry club this year in our school and community. Some initiatives we intend to execute this year to maintain these high numbers and accomplish more as a club include implementing an events committee, establishing a member of the year award, and hosting a research symposium on campus to attract students interested in on-campus research. This poster will detail the outcomes of these initiatives. with Gretchen Roekle, Rafe MacKenzie, Jordan Cotton (all SVSU students), David S. Karpovich, Christopher Schilling. “Bioplastics from protein and polysaccharide carboxylates: Structure analysis using ATRFTIR.� Fall Scientific Meeting of the Midland Section, American Chemical Society, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, November 2010.

Due to the inherently impure nature of reactant materials, the structural analysis of agricultural and biofuel waste derived protein/polysaccharide complexes can be difficult. The formation process involves the conversion of the C6 hydroxyl on glucose moieties of the polysaccharide to a carboxyl using oxidation and acylation. This is followed by gel formation upon interaction with soy protein isolate. The gel is then dried to yield a material with high strength relative to control samples. This material is further processed through compression molding (10,000 psi at 125oC) resulting in dimensionally accurate shapes that have tensile strengths of approximately 2.5 times those of the starting materials.

Using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, we were able to confirm the conversion of the C6 hydroxyl to a carboxyl using both oxidation and acylation reactions, and we have found spectral evidence for amide formation during heated compression molding.

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David Armstrong Chemistry major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Margot M. London, Anthony J. Lucio, Rafe A. MacKenzie, Jason Vogel, Christopher M. Alvey (all SVSU students), and David S. Karpovich. “Growing as individuals, unifying as a team, achieving success.� National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 2010.

As many are aware, recruiting and retaining members from year to year is a difficult task. This year, our chemistry club has incorporated new managerial techniques to enhance the professionalism of our club.

These new techniques consist of holding weekly officers meetings, increasing awareness and attendance of club events, and encouraging club members to participate more in the organization of events. With more students in the club being actively involved with events, we hope to be able to use our improved numbers to become a more active chemistry club this year in our school and community. Some initiatives we intend to execute this year to maintain these high numbers and accomplish more as a club include implementing an events committee, establishing a member of the year award, and hosting a research symposium on campus to attract students interested in on-campus research. This poster will detail the outcomes of these initiatives.

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201

Austin Beattie Public Administration major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Gary L. Clark and Dr. Mark W. McCartney (SVSU). “The Role of Perceptions in Viewing Annual Reports� 41st Annual Meeting of the Decision Sciences Institute. November, 2010.

This study used the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion (ELM), a social persuasion model used in commonly in marketing and psychology, to observe the effect of peripheral cues (distractions) on the perceptions of users of annual reports. The ELM postulates that the recipient of a persuasive communication will follow one of two routes to persuasion, the central route or the peripheral route, depending on the expertise the individual has to process the central merits of the persuasive communication as well as his or her motivation to process the central merits of the persuasive communication.

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Bethany Benson French major

GRANT “French & English Speaking Canadians.� SRCI. $7,000. 2010.

To investigate the cultural differences between the French Canadians and English Canadians in Quebec City, focusing on the larger question of how minority language groups can best be integrated into a multicultural society.

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203

Tyler Beyett Biochemistry major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Renee` S. Moretz, Jessica A. Short, (SVSU students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Lead Acetate on the Growth, Development, and Fecundity of Different Strains of Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)” Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Lead acetate is a chemical compound that has been widely used in manufacturing and commercial activities for decades. The use of this chemical is especially prominent in the textile industry where it is used as an agent in the inks that dye a variety of fabrics. Historically lead acetate has been used as a drying component in paints and varnishes where as in the modern day, residues of this compound remain in many forms including hair dyes and many cosmetics. The use of many different forms of lead along with other heavy metals has been banned due to known effects on cognitive ability. Some of these neurological effects are suspected a result of endocrine disruption. Specifically, lead acetate has been shown to cross the placenta in utero, leading to profound developmental effects in the offspring of exposed, pregnant mammals.

Current theories suggest lead acetate may be a contributor to altering immunogenicity of various nervous system proteins, a likely pathway for endocrine disruption. In this study we will use a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model to determine the effects of this compound on growth, development and fecundity. Results are examined in comparison to various strains of fruit flies with known genetic mutations relevant to neuroscience and endocrinology. with Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “A Study of the Effects of Developmental Pentachlorophenol Exposure on the Adult Locomotor Behavior in Fruit Flies (Drosophila melanogaster)” Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) has been use since the 1930s in many different biocidal roles. Since the 1980s, PCP has been primarily used as a wood preservative. Recent research has begun to call into question 204

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the safety of PCP treated lumber for workers and in the environment.

There is evidence that PCP leaches significantly out of the wood and can contaminate local water sources especially in climates with high precipitation and/or soils that hold and retain water readily. Previous work in our lab has shown that PCP exposure has been shown to delay development in fruit flies and has been shown to alter pupation heights.

In the present study we report on the developmental effects of PCP specifically on locomotor behavior of adult fruit flies. Our current working theory is based upon an inference that PCP may act as an antagonist on ecdysone receptors related to growth and development.

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Julie Boon Political Science and History major

GRANT “President Gerald Ford’s Relations with Portugal, Indonesia, and East Timor in 1975.” SRCI. $645. 2010.

To examine President Gerald Ford’s relations with Portugal, Indonesia and East Timor in 1975 to better understand his presidency and political actions.

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Doug Butterfield Mechanical Engineering major

GRANT with Brennan MacMillan and Jason Haubenstricker. “Waste for Worms Initiative.� SRCI. $2,100. 2010.

To create an all-in-one vermicomposting device, in which composting and separating occur simultaneously. Once implemented this redesign will reduce the amount of waste being transported to landfills by SVSU and provide an alternative solution to inorganic fertilizers used by the SVSU Greenhouse.

Research Bulletin 2010

207

Maegan Byer Graduate student in Communication & Digital Media Design program

GRANT “Cassette Culture.� SRCI. $1,314. 2010.

To discover why home recording became a pioneering medium in bridging distances among creators and consumers before virtual connections were available.

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Caitlin Cooper Social Work Major

GRANT with Brian J. Thomas and Alyssa Tarrant. Allen Foundation Student/ Faculty Research Grant. May 2010-December 2010. “The SVSU Dirt Bag Earthen Greenhouse: Better health through year-long fresh vegetable� $2,776 Modeled after underground greenhouses in China, this project involved constructing an experimental prototype which was used to evaluate earthbag construction techniques and earthen greenhouse productivity.

The greenhouses was built partially underground which better harnesses thermal energy to prolong the growing season well into the winter months. The purpose of the earthen greenhouse was to provide fresh produce year round. The project explored earthbag construction as an option for extending the growing season.

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209

Jordan Cotton Mechanical Engineering major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Christopher Alvey, Gretchen Roekle (SVSU students), David S. Karpovich, Christopher Schilling, Tami Sivy. “Bioplastics from protein and polysaccharide carboxylates: Structure and strength relationships.”

National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 2010.

This poster will present our work on the structure and strength relationships in bioplastic materials made from protein and polysaccharides obtained from agriculture and bio-fuel byproducts.

The aqueous process to make these materials involves conversion of the C6 hydroxyl to a carboxyl in the polysaccharide, followed by gel formation upon interaction with soy protein. The gel is dried to yield a material with high strength relative to control samples. This material is further processed through compression molding (10,000 psi at 125oC) resulting in dimensionally accurate shapes that have tensile strengths approximately 2.5 times those of the starting materials. Our data suggests the properties of these materials are the result of several intermolecular processes including hydrogen bonding between polymeric chains and chemical bonding involving polysaccharide carboxylates and protein ammonium groups. with Gretchen Roekle, Christopher Alvey, Rafe MacKenzie, (SVSU students), David S. Karpovich, Christopher Schilling. “Bioplastics from protein and polysaccharide carboxylates: Structure analysis using ATRFTIR.” Fall Scientific Meeting of the Midland Section, American Chemical Society, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, November 2010.

Due to the inherently impure nature of reactant materials, the structural analysis of agricultural and biofuel waste derived protein/polysaccharide complexes can be difficult. The formation process involves the conversion of the C6 hydroxyl on glucose moieties of the polysaccharide to a carboxyl using oxidation and acylation. This is followed by gel formation upon interaction with soy protein isolate. The gel is then dried to yield a material with high strength relative to control samples. This material is further processed through compression molding (10,000 psi 210

Saginaw Valley State University

at 125oC) resulting in dimensionally accurate shapes that have tensile strengths of approximately 2.5 times those of the starting materials.

Using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, we were able to confirm the conversion of the C6 hydroxyl to a carboxyl using both oxidation and acylation reactions, and we have found spectral evidence for amide formation during heated compression molding.

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211

Kaitlin DuCharme Exercise Science major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Brenton Fetting, Oleg Kinachtchouk, Ryan Phillips, Elizabeth Wall, (SVSU students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Prenatal Exposure to the Plasticizer Diisononyl Phthalate on the Development and Behavior of Neonatal and Juvenile Female Rats (Rattus norvegicus)� Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Phthalates are a commonly used plasticizing agents used in the manufacturing of a wide array of products including enteric coatings on medications, lubricants, binders, glues, surfactants and a myriad of other common uses. The general public is most commonly exposed to phthalates through the use of common plastic items, such as plastic drink wear or plastic packaging. Several phthalate forms exist, and in the different forms, several have been shown to display endocrine disrupting properties, including alteration in gonadal function and development, and more notably, changes in muscular system development. Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. Prior work in our laboratory suggests the effects of DINP appear to be sexually dimorphic at environmentally relevant exposures. Effects were noticed in neuromuscular function in females. In the present work, pregnant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) were exposed daily to environmentally relevant levels of diisononyl phthalate. The female pups from these litters were examined at birth and their weight, anogenital statistic, ability to nurse, and righting responses were measured and compared with a control population. As juveniles, exposed and control animals were tested via elevated plus maze, rotarod, grip strength meter, and open field tests to compare behavioral and muscular development between control and exposed populations of females. Data were compared to previously collected physiological and behavioral data. The results of this study may be indicative of how plasticizing agents, such as DINP, alter the success of the mammalian physiological systems, leading to further potential study of long term generational effects.

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with Brenton Fetting, Oleg Kinachtchouk, John Macheso, Ryan Phillips, Elizabeth Wall, (SVSU Students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Prenatal Exposure to the Plasticizer Diisononyl Phthalate on the Development and Behavior of Neonatal and Juvenile Rats (Rattus norvegicus)� The Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada, July 2010.

Similar in scope to the paper presented at the Michigan Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters in March, this poster examines the effects of Diisononyl phthalate (DINP). This compound is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. In the present work, both male and female pups were examined at birth and their weight, anogenital statistic, ability to nurse, and righting responses were measured and compared with a control population. As juveniles, exposed and control animals were tested via elevated plus maze, rotarod, grip strength meter, and open field tests to compare behavioral and muscular development between control and exposed populations of males and females.

Research Bulletin 2010

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Brenton Fetting Biology major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Kaitlin Ducharme, Oleg Kinachtchouk, Ryan Phillips, Elizabeth Wall, (SVSU students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Prenatal Exposure to the Plasticizer Diisononyl Phthalate on the Development and Behavior of Neonatal and Juvenile Female Rats (Rattus norvegicus)�

Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Phthalates are a commonly used plasticizing agents used in the manufacturing of a wide array of products including enteric coatings on medications, lubricants, binders, glues, surfactants and a myriad of other common uses. The general public is most commonly exposed to phthalates through the use of common plastic items, such as plastic drink wear or plastic packaging. Several phthalate forms exist, and in the different forms, several have been shown to display endocrine disrupting properties, including alteration in gonadal function and development, and more notably, changes in muscular system development. Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. Prior work in our laboratory suggests the effects of DINP appear to be sexually dimorphic at environmentally relevant exposures. Effects were noticed in neuromuscular function in females. In the present work, pregnant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) were exposed daily to environmentally relevant levels of diisononyl phthalate. The female pups from these litters were examined at birth and their weight, anogenital statistic, ability to nurse, and righting responses were measured and compared with a control population. As juveniles, exposed and control animals were tested via elevated plus maze, rotarod, grip strength meter, and open field tests to compare behavioral and muscular development between control and exposed populations of females. Data were compared to previously collected physiological and behavioral data. The results of this study may be indicative of how plasticizing agents, such as DINP, alter the success of the mammalian physiological systems, leading to further potential study of long term generational effects.

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with Kaitlin DuCharme, Oleg Kinachtchouk, John Macheso, Ryan Phillips, Elizabeth Wall, (SVSU Students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Prenatal Exposure to the Plasticizer Diisononyl Phthalate on the Development and Behavior of Neonatal and Juvenile Rats (Rattus norvegicus)” The Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada, July 2010.

Similar in scope to the paper presented at the Michigan Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters in March, this poster examines the effects of Diisononyl phthalate (DINP). This compound is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. In the present work, both male and female pups were examined at birth and their weight, anogenital statistic, ability to nurse, and righting responses were measured and compared with a control population. As juveniles, exposed and control animals were tested via elevated plus maze, rotarod, grip strength meter, and open field tests to compare behavioral and muscular development between control and exposed populations of males and females.

GRANT “Assessing Ecosystem Health and Pollution in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula Using Parasite-Host Relationships in Various Species of Frogs.” SRCI. $4,115. 2010.

To assess Michigan’s ecosystems by surveying parasite-host relationships along with water sample analysis in order to further increase our knowledge and understanding of parasite-host relationships and habitat conservation.

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Korey Force Spanish & International Studies major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS November 15, 2010; National Communication Association; San Francisco, CA Through an observational study in Guadalajara, Mexico, a bridge has been built between public history and Mexican identity. This study found that the enormous colonial influences in Mexico have helped to stratify the society and lead to social unrest and discontentment. The ethnographic essay/analysis is constructed around the photographic data that was collected and is presented as a sequential photo essay of the colonial and global influences that have shaped the Mexican identity.

Keywords: Mexican Identity, Ethnography, Guadalajara

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Joshua Gittings Mechanical Engineering major

GRANT “Effect of Silicon on the Impact Toughness and Tensile Strength of Plain Carbon Steels.� SRCI. $5,291. 2010.

To quantify the effects that silicon has on the impact toughness and tensile strength of plain carbon steels so that those in the steel foundry industry who may use silicon to increase the castability of steel will understand how the addition of the silicon will affect the mechanical properties of steel.

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217

Nick Halaby Biology major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Matthew Holden, James Payne, Travis Washburn, (SVSU students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Diisononyl Phthalate on Development and Behavior of the Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)�

Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Phthalates are a commonly used plasticizing agent used in the manufacturing of a wide array of products including lubricants, binders, glues, and surfactants. The general public is most commonly exposed to phthalates through the use of everyday items, such as plastic drink wear or plastic packaging. Several phthalate forms exist, and in the different forms, several have been shown to display endocrine disrupting properties, including alteration in gonadal function and development.

Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. In this study we will use a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model to determine the effects of this compound on neural growth, development and fecundity. Behavioral and locomotor tests are reported for larval, pupae, and adult flies following DINP exposure. Results are examined in comparison to mutant strains of fruit flies relevant to neuroscience.

218

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Jason Haubenstricker Mechanical Engineering major

GRANT with Doug Butterfield and Brent MacMillan. “Waste for Worms Initiative.�

SRCI. $2,100. 2010.

To create an all-in-one vermicomposting device, in which composting and separating occur simultaneously. Once implemented this redesign will reduce the amount of waste being transported to landfills by SVSU and provide an alternative solution to inorganic fertilizers used by the SVSU Greenhouse.

Research Bulletin 2010

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Matthew Holden Biology major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Nick Halaby, James Payne, Travis Washburn, (SVSU students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Diisononyl Phthalate on Development and Behavior of the Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)�

Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Phthalates are a commonly used plasticizing agent used in the manufacturing of a wide array of products including lubricants, binders, glues, and surfactants. The general public is most commonly exposed to phthalates through the use of everyday items, such as plastic drink wear or plastic packaging. Several phthalate forms exist, and in the different forms, several have been shown to display endocrine disrupting properties, including alteration in gonadal function and development.

Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. In this study we will use a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model to determine the effects of this compound on neural growth, development and fecundity. Behavioral and locomotor tests are reported for larval, pupae, and adult flies following DINP exposure. Results are examined in comparison to mutant strains of fruit flies relevant to neuroscience.

220

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Pamela Johnson Psychology and Sociology major

GRANT “A Qualitative Investigation of the Expectations of African American Mothers in Saginaw and Their Impact on Their Child’s Academic Achievement.” SRCI. $1,131. 2010.

To add qualitative research to previously published quantitative research on maternal expectations and gender differences in academic achievement.

Research Bulletin 2010

221

Oleg Kinachtchouk Biology major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Kaitlin Ducharme, Brenton Fetting, Ryan Phillips, Elizabeth Wall, (SVSU students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Prenatal Exposure to the Plasticizer Diisononyl Phthalate on the Development and Behavior of Neonatal and Juvenile Female Rats (Rattus norvegicus)�

Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Phthalates are a commonly used plasticizing agents used in the manufacturing of a wide array of products including enteric coatings on medications, lubricants, binders, glues, surfactants and a myriad of other common uses. The general public is most commonly exposed to phthalates through the use of common plastic items, such as plastic drink wear or plastic packaging. Several phthalate forms exist, and in the different forms, several have been shown to display endocrine disrupting properties, including alteration in gonadal function and development, and more notably, changes in muscular system development. Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. Prior work in our laboratory suggests the effects of DINP appear to be sexually dimorphic at environmentally relevant exposures. Effects were noticed in neuromuscular function in females. In the present work, pregnant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) were exposed daily to environmentally relevant levels of diisononyl phthalate. The female pups from these litters were examined at birth and their weight, anogenital statistic, ability to nurse, and righting responses were measured and compared with a control population. As juveniles, exposed and control animals were tested via elevated plus maze, rotarod, grip strength meter, and open field tests to compare behavioral and muscular development between control and exposed populations of females. Data were compared to previously collected physiological and behavioral data. The results of this study may be indicative of how plasticizing agents, such as DINP, alter the success of the mammalian physiological systems, leading to further potential study of long term generational effects.

222

Saginaw Valley State University

with Kaitlin DuCharme, Brenton Fetting, John Macheso, Ryan Phillips, Elizabeth Wall, (SVSU Students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Prenatal Exposure to the Plasticizer Diisononyl Phthalate on the Development and Behavior of Neonatal and Juvenile Rats (Rattus norvegicus)� The Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada, July 2010.

Similar in scope to the paper presented at the Michigan Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters in March, this poster examines the effects of Diisononyl phthalate (DINP). This compound is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. In the present work, both male and female pups were examined at birth and their weight, anogenital statistic, ability to nurse, and righting responses were measured and compared with a control population. As juveniles, exposed and control animals were tested via elevated plus maze, rotarod, grip strength meter, and open field tests to compare behavioral and muscular development between control and exposed populations of males and females.

Research Bulletin 2010

223

Margot M. London MEDT major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Anthony J. Lucio, Rafe A. MacKenzie, Jason Vogel, David Armstrong, Christopher M. Alvey (all SVSU students), and David S. Karpovich. “Growing as individuals, unifying as a team, achieving success.� National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 2010.

As many are aware, recruiting and retaining members from year to year is a difficult task. This year, our chemistry club has incorporated new managerial techniques to enhance the professionalism of our club.

These new techniques consist of holding weekly officers meetings, increasing awareness and attendance of club events, and encouraging club members to participate more in the organization of events. With more students in the club being actively involved with events, we hope to be able to use our improved numbers to become a more active chemistry club this year in our school and community. Some initiatives we intend to execute this year to maintain these high numbers and accomplish more as a club include implementing an events committee, establishing a member of the year award, and hosting a research symposium on campus to attract students interested in on-campus research. This poster will detail the outcomes of these initiatives.

224

Saginaw Valley State University

Julie Luce Professional and Technical Writing major

GRANT with Lisa Luce, “News Network.� SRCI. $1,500. 2010.

To purchase adequate digital camcorders, microphones, and tripods for five newscasters so we can continue to film stories for posting to the Green News Network, and improve upon the work that we have already begun.

Research Bulletin 2010

225

Lisa Luce Professional and Technical Writing major

GRANT with Julie Luce, “News Network.� SRCI. $1,500. 2010.

To purchase adequate digital camcorders, microphones, and tripods for five newscasters so we can continue to film stories for posting to the Green News Network, and improve upon the work that we have already begun.

226

Saginaw Valley State University

Anthony J. Lucio Chemistry major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Cassie J. Patterson, Iwan Setiawan (all SVSU students), Christopher Schilling, David S. Karpovich. “Glycerin/fuel oil emulsions for use in heating applications.” National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 2010.

Biodiesel is commercially produced using a base catalyzed transesterification reaction between triglyceride oil and methanol.

This process also yields the major byproduct, glycerin, containing contaminants which include the base catalyst and partially reacted mono- and diglycerides. Rather than purifying the glycerin for high value applications, we found wide interest in using it in the crude form as a heating fuel. We accomplished this using emulsions of glycerin and fuel oil. These were developed by using a systematic hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) study to determine the optimum surfactant mixture. In this poster we will present our results on the emulsion formulations including their burning efficiency and exhaust emissions when burned in a commercially available oil furnace. with Margot M. London, Rafe A. MacKenzie, Jason Vogel, David Armstrong, Christopher M. Alvey (all SVSU students), and David S. Karpovich. “Growing as individuals, unifying as a team, achieving success.” National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 2010.

As many are aware, recruiting and retaining members from year to year is a difficult task. This year, our chemistry club has incorporated new managerial techniques to enhance the professionalism of our club.

These new techniques consist of holding weekly officers meetings, increasing awareness and attendance of club events, and encouraging club members to participate more in the organization of events. With more students in the club being actively involved with events, we hope to be able to use our improved numbers to become a more active chemistry club this year in our school and community. Some initiatives we intend to execute this year to maintain these high numbers and accomplish more as a club include implementing an events committee, establishing a member of the year award, and hosting a research symposium on Research Bulletin 2010

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campus to attract students interested in on-campus research. This poster will detail the outcomes of these initiatives. with David S. Karpovich (SVSU Faculty) and Lanny Robbins (Lacro Technologies). “Surfactant technology for oil/glycerin emulsions.� Fall Scientific Meeting of the Midland Section, American Chemical Society, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, November 2010.

When soy biodiesel production peaked in the last decade, excess byproduct glycerin overwhelmed the market. Research began to find uses for the impure glycerin with considerable interest in its use as a heating fuel. However, glycerin alone is difficult to burn with its low volatility and high flash point. Previously, we successfully burned glycerin using a co-fuel in a furnace equipped with dual-fuel injection capabilities. However, to make use of more widely available single-fuel furnaces, we began work to emulsify glycerin and fuel oil into a single fuel. Model surfactants that produce oil/water emulsions established the starting point for the study but it was quickly discovered that oil/glycerin emulsions had very different surfactant needs. The glycerin byproduct can contain contaminants such as the base catalyst, salts and partially reacted glycerides. As a result, a host of surfactants were studied with glycerin and fuel oil to produce stable emulsions. This poster will discuss the unique surfactant systems necessary for stable fuel oil/glycerin emulsions.

228

Saginaw Valley State University

Rafe A. MacKenzie Chemistry major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Margot M. London, Anthony J. Lucio, Jason Vogel, David Armstrong, Christopher M. Alvey (all SVSU students), and David S. Karpovich.

“Growing as individuals, unifying as a team, achieving success.” National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 2010.

As many are aware, recruiting and retaining members from year to year is a difficult task. This year, our chemistry club has incorporated new managerial techniques to enhance the professionalism of our club.

These new techniques consist of holding weekly officers meetings, increasing awareness and attendance of club events, and encouraging club members to participate more in the organization of events. With more students in the club being actively involved with events, we hope to be able to use our improved numbers to become a more active chemistry club this year in our school and community. Some initiatives we intend to execute this year to maintain these high numbers and accomplish more as a club include implementing an events committee, establishing a member of the year award, and hosting a research symposium on campus to attract students interested in on-campus research. This poster will detail the outcomes of these initiatives. with Gretchen Roekle, Christopher Alvey, Jordan Cotton (all SVSU students), David S. Karpovich, Christopher Schilling. “Bioplastics from protein and polysaccharide carboxylates: Structure analysis using ATRFTIR.” Fall Scientific Meeting of the Midland Section, American Chemical Society, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, November 2010.

Due to the inherently impure nature of reactant materials, the structural analysis of agricultural and biofuel waste derived protein/polysaccharide complexes can be difficult. The formation process involves the conversion of the C6 hydroxyl on glucose moieties of the polysaccharide to a carboxyl using oxidation and acylation. This is followed by gel formation upon interaction with soy protein isolate. The gel is then dried to yield a material with high strength relative to control samples. This material is further processed through compression molding (10,000 psi Research Bulletin 2010

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at 125oC) resulting in dimensionally accurate shapes that have tensile strengths of approximately 2.5 times those of the starting materials.

Using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, we were able to confirm the conversion of the C6 hydroxyl to a carboxyl using both oxidation and acylation reactions, and we have found spectral evidence for amide formation during heated compression molding.

230

Saginaw Valley State University

John Macheso Biology major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Kaitlin DuCharme, Brenton Fetting, Oleg Kinachtchouk, Ryan Phillips, Elizabeth Wall, (SVSU Students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Prenatal Exposure to the Plasticizer Diisononyl Phthalate on the Development and Behavior of Neonatal and Juvenile Rats (Rattus norvegicus)� The Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada, July 2010.

This poster examines the effects of Diisononyl phthalate (DINP). This compound is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. In the present work, both male and female pups were examined at birth and their weight, anogenital statistic, ability to nurse, and righting responses were measured and compared with a control population. As juveniles, exposed and control animals were tested via elevated plus maze, rotarod, grip strength meter, and open field tests to compare behavioral and muscular development between control and exposed populations of males and females.

Research Bulletin 2010

231

Brennan MacMillan Mechanical Engineering major

GRANT with Doug Butterfield and Jason Haubenstricker. “Waste for Worms Initiative.� SRCI. $2,100. 2010.

To create an all-in-one vermicomposting device, in which composting and separating occur simultaneously. Once implemented this redesign will reduce the amount of waste being transported to landfills by SVSU and provide an alternative solution to inorganic fertilizers used by the SVSU Greenhouse.

232

Saginaw Valley State University

Renee` S. Moretz Biology major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Jessica A. Short, Tyler Beyett, (SVSU students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Lead Acetate on the Growth, Development, and Fecundity of Different Strains of Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)�

Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Lead acetate is a chemical compound that has been widely used in manufacturing and commercial activities for decades. The use of this chemical is especially prominent in the textile industry where it is used as an agent in the inks that dye a variety of fabrics. Historically lead acetate has been used as a drying component in paints and varnishes where as in the modern day, residues of this compound remain in many forms including hair dyes and many cosmetics. The use of many different forms of lead along with other heavy metals has been banned due to known effects on cognitive ability. Some of these neurological effects are suspected a result of endocrine disruption. Specifically, lead acetate has been shown to cross the placenta in utero, leading to profound developmental effects in the offspring of exposed, pregnant mammals.

Current theories suggest lead acetate may be a contributor to altering immunogenicity of various nervous system proteins, a likely pathway for endocrine disruption. In this study we will use a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model to determine the effects of this compound on growth, development and fecundity. Results are examined in comparison to various strains of fruit flies with known genetic mutations relevant to neuroscience and endocrinology.

Research Bulletin 2010

233

Vishal Parimoo Electrical Engineering major

GRANT “Portable Solar Powered Water Filtration Unit.� SRCI. $2,300. 2010.

To create a relatively cost-effective solar-powered water filtration unit that, when completed will have the potential to supply stranded bodies in disaster areas with approximately five hundred gallons of clean water every day.

234

Saginaw Valley State University

Cassie J. Patterson Chemistry major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Anthony J. Lucio, Iwan Setiawan (SVSU students), David S. Karpovich, Christopher Schilling. “Glycerin/fuel oil emulsions for use in heating applications.� National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 2010.

Biodiesel is commercially produced using a base catalyzed transesterification reaction between triglyceride oil and methanol.

This process also yields the major byproduct, glycerin, containing contaminants which include the base catalyst and partially reacted mono- and diglycerides. Rather than purifying the glycerin for high value applications, we found wide interest in using it in the crude form as a heating fuel. We accomplished this using emulsions of glycerin and fuel oil. These were developed by using a systematic hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) study to determine the optimum surfactant mixture. In this poster we will present our results on the emulsion formulations including their burning efficiency and exhaust emissions when burned in a commercially available oil furnace.

Research Bulletin 2010

235

James Payne Biology major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Nick Halaby, Matthew Holden, Travis Washburn, (SVSU students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Diisononyl Phthalate on Development and Behavior of the Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)�

Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Phthalates are a commonly used plasticizing agent used in the manufacturing of a wide array of products including lubricants, binders, glues, and surfactants. The general public is most commonly exposed to phthalates through the use of everyday items, such as plastic drink wear or plastic packaging. Several phthalate forms exist, and in the different forms, several have been shown to display endocrine disrupting properties, including alteration in gonadal function and development.

Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. In this study we will use a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model to determine the effects of this compound on neural growth, development and fecundity. Behavioral and locomotor tests are reported for larval, pupae, and adult flies following DINP exposure. Results are examined in comparison to mutant strains of fruit flies relevant to neuroscience.

236

Saginaw Valley State University

Jacob Pederson Business Chemistry major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Gretchen Roekle, Christopher Alvey, (all SVSU students), David S. Karpovich, Christopher Schilling. “Biodegradable Plastics from Proteins and Polysaccharide Carboxylates,� poster presented at the annual meeting of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, Grand Rapids, MI, March 26, 2010.

This poster will present our work on the structure and strength relationships in bioplastic materials made from protein and polysaccharides obtained from agriculture and bio-fuel byproducts.

The aqueous process to make these materials involves conversion of the C6 hydroxyl to a carboxyl in the polysaccharide, followed by gel formation upon interaction with soy protein. The gel is dried to yield a material with high strength relative to control samples. This material is further processed through compression molding (10,000 psi at 125oC) resulting in dimensionally accurate shapes that have tensile strengths approximately 2.5 times those of the starting materials. Our data suggests the properties of these materials are the result of several intermolecular processes including hydrogen bonding between polymeric chains and chemical bonding involving polysaccharide carboxylates and protein ammonium groups.

Research Bulletin 2010

237

Ryan Phillips Biology major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Kaitlin Ducharme, Brenton Fetting, Oleg Kinachtchouk, Elizabeth Wall, (SVSU students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Prenatal Exposure to the Plasticizer Diisononyl Phthalate on the Development and Behavior of Neonatal and Juvenile Female Rats (Rattus norvegicus)� Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Phthalates are a commonly used plasticizing agents used in the manufacturing of a wide array of products including enteric coatings on medications, lubricants, binders, glues, surfactants and a myriad of other common uses. The general public is most commonly exposed to phthalates through the use of common plastic items, such as plastic drink wear or plastic packaging. Several phthalate forms exist, and in the different forms, several have been shown to display endocrine disrupting properties, including alteration in gonadal function and development, and more notably, changes in muscular system development. Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. Prior work in our laboratory suggests the effects of DINP appear to be sexually dimorphic at environmentally relevant exposures. Effects were noticed in neuromuscular function in females. In the present work, pregnant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) were exposed daily to environmentally relevant levels of diisononyl phthalate. The female pups from these litters were examined at birth and their weight, anogenital statistic, ability to nurse, and righting responses were measured and compared with a control population. As juveniles, exposed and control animals were tested via elevated plus maze, rotarod, grip strength meter, and open field tests to compare behavioral and muscular development between control and exposed populations of females. Data were compared to previously collected physiological and behavioral data. The results of this study may be indicative of how plasticizing agents, such as DINP, alter the success of the mammalian physiological systems, leading to further potential study of long term generational effects.

238

Saginaw Valley State University

with Kaitlin DuCharme, Brenton Fetting, Oleg Kinachtchouk, John Macheso, Elizabeth Wall, (SVSU students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Prenatal Exposure to the Plasticizer Diisononyl Phthalate on the Development and Behavior of Neonatal and Juvenile Rats (Rattus norvegicus)� The Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada, July 2010.

Similar in scope to the paper presented at the Michigan Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters in March, this poster examines the effects of Diisononyl phthalate (DINP). This compound is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. In the present work, both male and female pups were examined at birth and their weight, anogenital statistic, ability to nurse, and righting responses were measured and compared with a control population. As juveniles, exposed and control animals were tested via elevated plus maze, rotarod, grip strength meter, and open field tests to compare behavioral and muscular development between control and exposed populations of males and females.

Research Bulletin 2010

239

Shannon Pietras English teacher at Ferndale High School, Ferndale, MI M.A.T. in Secondary Classroom Teaching

ARTICLE “Improving Achievement Levels on High-Stakes Tests Through Vocabulary Knowledge and Reading Comprehension.” Issues in Education: Preschool Through Graduate School 1.1 (2010). Web.

240

Saginaw Valley State University

Timothy Pionk Biology major

GRANT “Procrastination in College Students.� SRCI. $1,000. 2010.

Validity and overlap between subgroups of procrastination in college students as well as comparing several components of personality and self efficacy to methods of procrastination.

Research Bulletin 2010

241

Fredy S. Pratama Biochemistry major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with H. F. Robinson and J. J. Pagano, “Synthesis and Compositional Analysis of Reverse Calcium-Silica Tubes.” The Midland Section of the American Chemical Society-Fall Scientific Meeting. Central Michigan University, November 2010. with H. F. Robinson and J. J. Pagano, “Physico-chemical Analysis of Reverse Calcium-Silica Tubes.” Gordon Research ConferenceOscillations & Dynamic Instabilities in Chemical Systems. Lucca (Barga), Italy. July 2010.

242

Saginaw Valley State University

Hannah F. Robinson Biochemistry major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with F. S. Pratama and J. J. Pagano, “Synthesis and Compositional Analysis of Reverse Calcium-Silica Tubes.” The Midland Section of the American Chemical Society-Fall Scientific Meeting. Central Michigan University, November 2010. with F. S. Pratama and J. J. Pagano, “Physico-chemical Analysis of Reverse Calcium-Silica Tubes.” Gordon Research ConferenceOscillations & Dynamic Instabilities in Chemical Systems. Lucca (Barga), Italy. July 2010.

Research Bulletin 2010

243

Gretchen Roekle Biochemistry major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Christopher Alvey, Jacob Pederson, (all SVSU students); Christopher Schilling and David S. Karpovich. “Biodegradable Plastics from Proteins and Polysaccharide Carboxylates,” poster presented at the annual meeting of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, Grand Rapids, MI, March 26, 2010. with Christopher Alvey, Jordan Cotton (all SVSU students), David S. Karpovich, Christopher Schilling, Tami Sivy. “Bioplastics from protein and polysaccharide carboxylates: Structure and strength relationships.”

National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 2010.

This poster will present our work on the structure and strength relationships in bioplastic materials made from protein and polysaccharides obtained from agriculture and bio-fuel byproducts.

The aqueous process to make these materials involves conversion of the C6 hydroxyl to a carboxyl in the polysaccharide, followed by gel formation upon interaction with soy protein. The gel is dried to yield a material with high strength relative to control samples. This material is further processed through compression molding (10,000 psi at 125oC) resulting in dimensionally accurate shapes that have tensile strengths approximately 2.5 times those of the starting materials. Our data suggests the properties of these materials are the result of several intermolecular processes including hydrogen bonding between polymeric chains and chemical bonding involving polysaccharide carboxylates and protein ammonium groups. with Christopher Alvey, Rafe MacKenzie, Jordan Cotton (all SVSU students), David S. Karpovich Christopher Schilling. “Bioplastics from protein and polysaccharide carboxylates: Structure analysis using ATRFTIR.” Fall Scientific Meeting of the Midland Section, American Chemical Society, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, November 2010.

Due to the inherently impure nature of reactant materials, the structural analysis of agricultural and biofuel waste derived protein/polysaccharide 244

Saginaw Valley State University

complexes can be difficult. The formation process involves the conversion of the C6 hydroxyl on glucose moieties of the polysaccharide to a carboxyl using oxidation and acylation. This is followed by gel formation upon interaction with soy protein isolate. The gel is then dried to yield a material with high strength relative to control samples. This material is further processed through compression molding (10,000 psi at 125oC) resulting in dimensionally accurate shapes that have tensile strengths of approximately 2.5 times those of the starting materials.

Using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, we were able to confirm the conversion of the C6 hydroxyl to a carboxyl using both oxidation and acylation reactions, and we have found spectral evidence for amide formation during heated compression molding.

Research Bulletin 2010

245

Danielle Schian Biochemistry major

GRANT “Going Greener: Using ‘On Water’ Reactions to Recycle Catalytic Species.” SRCI. $2,910. 2010.

To determine if it is possible to recycle catalytic species through the utilization of an immiscible mixture of aqueous and organic solvent.

246

Saginaw Valley State University

Devan Schlund Biochemistry major

POSTER SESSIONS with Tami L. Sivy (SVSU) “Isoprene Synthase as a Possible Relief Mechanism for Dimethylallyl Diphosphate Related Cytotoxicity.� Spring ACS (American Chemical Society) National Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 22 March 2010.

Previous studies involving the expression of exogenous mevalonic acid (MVA) have resulted in pathway flux dependent cytotoxicity. It has been suggested that this cytotoxicity is caused by an overabundance of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), one of the two end products of the MVA pathway. This study aims to pinpoint DMAPP as the cause of MVA pathway related cytotoxicity by expressing the isoprene synthase gene recently isolated from certain species of poplar trees in bacterial cells expressing an exogenous MVA pathway. Since the isoprene synthase gene encodes for an enzyme that converts DMAPP into isoprene, a volatile compound that can easily leave the cell, the expression of this isoprene synthase gene should lower the concentration of intracellular DMAPP produced during MVA expression, thereby lowering the level of cell death. Specifically, E.coli will be engineered to coexpress the MVA pathway and isoprene synthase. By measuring and correlating isoprene production, intracellular DMAPP levels, and cytotoxicity, we can determine whether isoprene synthesis can relieve the hypothesized DMAPP toxicity. It is expected that increases in the level of expression of the MVA pathway in these engineered cells will lead to increases in the level of isoprene produced by these cells. Consequently, the increase in isoprene production should cause a decrease in DMAPP concentration, thereby decreasing cytotoxicity.

Research Bulletin 2010

247

Iwan Setiawan Biochemistry major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Anthony J. Lucio, Cassie J. Patterson, (SVSU students), David S. Karpovich, Christopher Schilling. “Glycerin/fuel oil emulsions for use in heating applications.� National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 2010.

Biodiesel is commercially produced using a base catalyzed transesterification reaction between triglyceride oil and methanol.

This process also yields the major byproduct, glycerin, containing contaminants which include the base catalyst and partially reacted mono- and diglycerides. Rather than purifying the glycerin for high value applications, we found wide interest in using it in the crude form as a heating fuel. We accomplished this using emulsions of glycerin and fuel oil. These were developed by using a systematic hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) study to determine the optimum surfactant mixture. In this poster we will present our results on the emulsion formulations including their burning efficiency and exhaust emissions when burned in a commercially available oil furnace.

248

Saginaw Valley State University

Arica Sheff Master of Science in Occupational Therapy

ARTICLE with Herlache, E. (2010, May 10). Meeting the needs of clients with hearing impairments. OT Practice, 7-8, 21.

It is likely that most occupational therapy practitioners will work with a client with a hearing impairment at some point during their careers.

Therapists working with clients with hearing impairments must place particular emphasis on learning about each client’s history and personal beliefs, to ensure that intervention plans and recommendations are respectful of the client’s perspectives about his or her hearing loss and goals of therapy, as well as his or her preferred communication methods.

This article provided guidelines for occupational therapy practitioners working with clients who are deaf, Deaf, or hard of hearing (HOH), to help them establish effective therapeutic relationships and provide the best possible services to these clients.

Research Bulletin 2010

249

Jessica A. Short Biology major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Renee` S. Moretz, Tyler Beyett, (SVSU students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Lead Acetate on the Growth, Development, and Fecundity of Different Strains of Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)� Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Lead acetate is a chemical compound that has been widely used in manufacturing and commercial activities for decades. The use of this chemical is especially prominent in the textile industry where it is used as an agent in the inks that dye a variety of fabrics. Historically lead acetate has been used as a drying component in paints and varnishes where as in the modern day, residues of this compound remain in many forms including hair dyes and many cosmetics. The use of many different forms of lead along with other heavy metals has been banned due to known effects on cognitive ability. Some of these neurological effects are suspected a result of endocrine disruption. Specifically, lead acetate has been shown to cross the placenta in utero, leading to profound developmental effects in the offspring of exposed, pregnant mammals.

Current theories suggest lead acetate may be a contributor to altering immunogenicity of various nervous system proteins, a likely pathway for endocrine disruption. In this study we will use a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model to determine the effects of this compound on growth, development and fecundity. Results are examined in comparison to various strains of fruit flies with known genetic mutations relevant to neuroscience and endocrinology.

250

Saginaw Valley State University

Dana Skelton Master of Science in Occupational Therapy

ARTICLE with Earley, D. & Herlache, E. (2010, Sept/Oct).The Use of Occupations and Activities in a Modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy Program: A Case Report on a Musician’s Triumphs over Chronic Hemiparesis from Stroke. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 64(5), 735-744.

This case report addressed the use of therapeutic occupations and activities within a modified constraint induced movement therapy (mCIMT) approach for a 52 year old female violinist who was 4 years post ischemic stroke. Analysis of occupational performance was completed before and after intervention using a modified version of the Fugl-Meyer Sensorimotor evaluation, the Motor Functioning Assessment, the Arm Improvement and Movement Checklist, and information obtained from a client journal maintained throughout the course of treatment. The mCIMT protocol included use of distal constraint worn on the affected arm, with emphasis placed on participation in meaningful occupations and activities. Improved function in the affected extremity was noted at the conclusion of mCIMT. Shortly after completion of therapy, the client reported a return to playing the violin. The findings from this case report suggested that therapeutic use of meaningful occupations and activities integrated into a mCIMT protocol may be effective in addressing functional skills deficits for clients with upper extremity chronic hemiparesis.

Research Bulletin 2010

251

Michael Smith Physical Education major

GRANT with Ann-Catherin Sullivan. “American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance 2010 Convention”. Saginaw Valley State University Foundation Grant. $2,500. Winter 2010.

The funding from this grant assisted SVSU students to attend the annual American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) Convention in 2010 located in Indianapolis, IN. This grant helped fund AAHPERD membership, AAHPERD conference fees, travel, lodging and meals. Students attending will have opportunities to further individual knowledge within the fields of health, physical education, recreation, and dance. The students were able to gain a great deal of new knowledge in their field, through attending a variety of presentations and leadership activities at the Convention. Students attended different conference sessions, scheduled concurrently, as a means to gather a greater amount of professional knowledge. The group converged to discuss their experiences and to share handouts and materials gained from the sessions. Upon returning from the convention, students dedicated one PE Club meeting to convention highlights. Those who attend were able to build social bonds, and gain new relationship with experts within these fields. Additionally, attendees had opportunities to review and apply for posted job vacancies and interview onsite for potential career opportunities. The students who attended the conference are active participants of SVSU’s Physical Education Club.

252

Saginaw Valley State University

Kristina Stilson Mathematics Education major

GRANT “Artichoke Deterrent for Potato Beetles.� SRCI. $2,500. 2010.

To determine if possible antifeedant compounds in Jerusalem Artichoke foliage, stem, and tubers can serve as a deterrent for Colorado Potato Beetles.

Research Bulletin 2010

253

Alyssa Tarrant Nursing major

GRANT with Brian J. Thomas and Caitlin Cooper. Allen Foundation Student/ Faculty Research Grant. May 2010-December 2010. “The SVSU Dirt Bag Earthen Greenhouse: Better health through year-long fresh vegetable� $2,776 Modeled after underground greenhouses in China, this project involved constructing an experimental prototype which was used to evaluate earthbag construction techniques and earthen greenhouse productivity.

The greenhouses was built partially underground which better harnesses thermal energy to prolong the growing season well into the winter months. The purpose of the earthen greenhouse was to provide fresh produce year round. The project explored earthbag construction as an option for extending the growing season.

254

Saginaw Valley State University

Jason Vogel Chemistry major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Margot M. London, Anthony J. Lucio, Rafe A. MacKenzie, David Armstrong, Christopher M. Alvey (all SVSU students), and David S. Karpovich. “Growing as individuals, unifying as a team, achieving success.� National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 2010.

As many are aware, recruiting and retaining members from year to year is a difficult task. This year, our chemistry club has incorporated new managerial techniques to enhance the professionalism of our club.

These new techniques consist of holding weekly officers meetings, increasing awareness and attendance of club events, and encouraging club members to participate more in the organization of events. With more students in the club being actively involved with events, we hope to be able to use our improved numbers to become a more active chemistry club this year in our school and community. Some initiatives we intend to execute this year to maintain these high numbers and accomplish more as a club include implementing an events committee, establishing a member of the year award, and hosting a research symposium on campus to attract students interested in on-campus research. This poster will detail the outcomes of these initiatives.

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Elizabeth Wall Biology major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Kaitlin Ducharme, Brenton Fetting, Oleg Kinachtchouk, Ryan Phillips, (SVSU students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Prenatal Exposure to the Plasticizer Diisononyl Phthalate on the Development and Behavior of Neonatal and Juvenile Female Rats (Rattus norvegicus)� Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Phthalates are a commonly used plasticizing agents used in the manufacturing of a wide array of products including enteric coatings on medications, lubricants, binders, glues, surfactants and a myriad of other common uses. The general public is most commonly exposed to phthalates through the use of common plastic items, such as plastic drink wear or plastic packaging. Several phthalate forms exist, and in the different forms, several have been shown to display endocrine disrupting properties, including alteration in gonadal function and development, and more notably, changes in muscular system development. Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. Prior work in our laboratory suggests the effects of DINP appear to be sexually dimorphic at environmentally relevant exposures. Effects were noticed in neuromuscular function in females. In the present work, pregnant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) were exposed daily to environmentally relevant levels of diisononyl phthalate. The female pups from these litters were examined at birth and their weight, anogenital statistic, ability to nurse, and righting responses were measured and compared with a control population. As juveniles, exposed and control animals were tested via elevated plus maze, rotarod, grip strength meter, and open field tests to compare behavioral and muscular development between control and exposed populations of females. Data were compared to previously collected physiological and behavioral data. The results of this study may be indicative of how plasticizing agents, such as DINP, alter the success of the mammalian physiological systems, leading to further potential study of long term generational effects.

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with Kaitlin DuCharme, Brenton Fetting, Oleg Kinachtchouk, John Macheso, Ryan Phillips, (Saginaw Valley State University Students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Prenatal Exposure to the Plasticizer Diisononyl Phthalate on the Development and Behavior of Neonatal and Juvenile Rats (Rattus norvegicus)� The Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada, July 2010.

Similar in scope to the paper presented at the Michigan Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters in March, this poster examines the effects of Diisononyl phthalate (DINP). This compound is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. In the present work, both male and female pups were examined at birth and their weight, anogenital statistic, ability to nurse, and righting responses were measured and compared with a control population. As juveniles, exposed and control animals were tested via elevated plus maze, rotarod, grip strength meter, and open field tests to compare behavioral and muscular development between control and exposed populations of males and females.

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Katherine Warren Graduate student in Health System Nurse Specialist program

GRANT “Advanced Practice Nurses’ Health Policy Involvement.” SRCI. $5,733.

2010.

To examine Advanced Practice Nurses’ health policy involvement, as well as their perceptions (powerlessness and self efficacy) regarding health policy.

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Travis Washburn Biology major

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Nick Halaby, Matthew Holden, James Payne, (SVSU students) and Gary M. Lange (SVSU Faculty) “Effects of Diisononyl Phthalate on Development and Behavior of the Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)�

Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Annual Meeting, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, March 2010.

Phthalates are a commonly used plasticizing agent used in the manufacturing of a wide array of products including lubricants, binders, glues, and surfactants. The general public is most commonly exposed to phthalates through the use of everyday items, such as plastic drink wear or plastic packaging. Several phthalate forms exist, and in the different forms, several have been shown to display endocrine disrupting properties, including alteration in gonadal function and development.

Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a major plasticizing agent used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. In this study we will use a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model to determine the effects of this compound on neural growth, development and fecundity. Behavioral and locomotor tests are reported for larval, pupae, and adult flies following DINP exposure. Results are examined in comparison to mutant strains of fruit flies relevant to neuroscience.

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University Wide

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Diane Boehm Director, University Writing Program Director, Instructional Support Programs Appointed to SVSU in 1995 M.A. University of Wisconsin at Madison B.A. Concordia College, Chicago

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Julie Lynch (SVSU). “How Can Writing Centers Best Support Writers as They Learn Different Documentation and Formatting Styles?” East Central Writing Centers Association, East Lansing, Michigan, 9 April 2010.

With both the Modern Language Association (MLA) and the American Psychological Association (APA) publishing new guidelines in 2009, college students, faculty members and Writing Center staff faced many questions. In this presentation we discussed the SVSU Writing Center’s strategies to support this transition: updated resources (both in print and on the web), communication with faculty members and staff, and training for writing center mentors. Discussion included the responsibilities of a Writing Center in supporting a variety of formatting styles. with Lilianna Aniola-Jedrzejek (Poznan University of Technology, Poland). “A Study of L2 Error Patterns of Faculty/Staff at Poznan University of Technology in Poland.” European Writing Centers Association, Paris, France, 28 May 2010.

The role of Writing Centers in helping second language writers correct errors is often controversial, but for faculty and staff who wish to have their professional work published in English, errors are a serious concern. We conducted a study with 20 faculty and professional staff at Poznan University of Technology, all of whom use English for professional purposes. The study developed a template for self-analysis of common errors in English that occur with speakers of Polish, based on common error categories identified by scholars such as Dana Ferris and others. We believe a template such as this can be an invaluable tool for self-analysis, readily adaptable for speakers of other languages, and a model that Writing Centers could use when working with faculty and staff who are non-native speakers of English or of other languages.

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ARTICLES, BOOK CHAPTERS, & ESSAYS with Hermann Kurthen (Grand Valley State University), and Lilianna Aniola-Jedrzejek (Poznan University of Technology in Poland).

“Do International Online Collaborative Learning Projects Impact Ethnocentrism?” E-learning and Digital Media 7(2) (2010): 133-146. http: www/wwwords.co.uk/ELEA Preparing students for success in a globalized world invites new approaches. Online collaboration between students from different countries via globally networked learning environments (GNLEs) is one such approach. This article presents the results of a six-semester study beginning in 2006 of international online project collaborations between undergraduate students at SVSU and PUT. The two universities and student populations have very different learning environments, backgrounds, and programs, raising interesting questions about the impact of such international collaborations on student intercultural awareness. Focusing on one aspect of such awareness, ethnocentrism, this article reports on a quasi-experimental study using James Neuliep’s 22-item GENE scale designed to measure ethnocentrism. The findings suggest that the international online collaborations reported in this study did not have any statistically significant impact on ethnocentrism. With the high level of interest in GNLE approaches, these findings point to the need for more study to better understand the attitudinal effects of international online collaboration.

GRANTS with Elaine Hunyadi (SVSU). “Saginaw Bay Writing Project.” National Writing Project grant. $46,000. 1 July 2009 through 30 June 2010.

“Saginaw Bay Writing Project.” National Writing Project Teacher Inquiry Grant: High School Writing Centers. $5,000.1 July 2009 through 30 June 2010.

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Jennifer Dean Head, Collection Development and Acquisitions, Melvin J. Zahnow Library Appointed to SVSU in 2007 M.L.I.S. Wayne State University M.Mus. Northwestern University B.Mus. Central Michigan University

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS with Fran Rosen (Ferris State University). “Making Do: ERM Alternatives.” XXX Annual Charleston Conference: Anything Goes!, 6 November 2010.

This Innovation Session covered potential alternatives to purchasing and implementing full-featured commercial Electronic Resource Management (ERM) systems. At Ferris State University (FSU) two librarian/ programmers developed OLLARA, an open-source ERM based on the ERMES Electronic Resource Management System developed at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse The initial release included a problem reporting system, information about usage rights, and a repository for usage statistics. At Saginaw Valley State University (SVSU) librarians creatively use existing tools (ILS, vendor-provided utilities, LibGuides) to track information and to ensure it is accessible to all librarians.

Presenters and attendees discussed methods staff at other libraries might use to track resources and make information available more broadly throughout their home library. with Beth Johns and Kathleen Kroll (both SVSU). “Yes, You Can Do That with LibGuides!” 2010 Michigan Library Association Annual Conference: Yes We Can!, 11 November 2010.

LibGuides (by Springshare) is a popular choice of software for creating subject and course guides at many libraries due to its relative ease of use. However, at Saginaw Valley State University (SVSU), we have found that LibGuides also brings together the best features of wikis, course management software, office software, and our website. We have used LibGuides to keep track of internal information for staff eyes only and to push information out to faculty. A new LibGuide can be put together quickly, and the end user simply clicks a link to access and interact with the information. In this table talk presentation, we used Research Bulletin 2010

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graphical displays, handouts, and personal interactions to show how we have used LibGuides internally to keep track of statistics, provide FAQs and other important information for library staff. We also showed how we share information with SVSU faculty and staff across campus and obtain information from them about their experiences with the library.

PERFORMANCE Baroque on Beaver – Beaver Island, Michigan, bassoon. Work by Mozart, 30 July 2010. Works by Goepfart, Pfeiffer, Schubert and Telemann, 31 July 2010. Works by Copland and Schumann, 1 August 2010.

Midland Symphony Orchestra, bassoon. Works by Gershwin, RimskyKorsakov, and Wagner, 6 February 2010. Works by Dvorak, McMichael, Rachmaninoff, and Resphigi, 2 October 2010. Traditional Christmas, spiritual and gospel works, 4 December 2010.

Quintetto Sonare, bassoon. Works by Arnold, Benjamin, Grant Still, McAlister, Mozart, and Roseman, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, 12 January 2010. Works by Amos, McAlister, SaintSaëns, Alpena Community College, 5 March 2010. Works by Arnold, Grant Still, Roseman, and Saint-Saëns, West Branch, Michigan, 23 June 2010.

Saginaw Bay Symphony Orchestra, bassoon. Works by Britten, Stravinsky, and Verdi, 12 February 2010. Works by Beethoven and Verdi, 13 February 2010. Works by Mahler, Mozart, and Putts, 18 September 2010. Works by Grieg and Sibelius; music of ABBA, 8-9 May 2010.

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Beth M. Johns Electronic Resources & Reference Librarian, Melvin J. Zahnow Library Appointed to SVSU in 2006 M.L.I.S. Wayne State University B.A., Russian Language & Literature, Michigan State University

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Jennifer Dean and Kathleen Kroll (all SVSU). “Yes, You Can Do That with LibGuides!� 2010 Michigan Library Association Annual Conference: Yes We Can!, 11 November 2010.

LibGuides (by Springshare) is a popular choice of software for creating subject and course guides at many libraries due to its relative ease of use. However, at Saginaw Valley State University (SVSU), we have found that LibGuides also brings together the best features of wikis, course management software, office software, and our website. We have used LibGuides to keep track of internal information for staff eyes only and to push information out to faculty. A new LibGuide can be put together quickly, and the end user simply clicks a link to access and interact with the information. In this table talk presentation, we used graphical displays, handouts, and personal interactions to show how we have used LibGuides internally to keep track of statistics, provide FAQs and other important information for library staff. We also showed how we share information with SVSU faculty and staff across campus and obtain information from them about their experiences with the library.

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Kathleen Kroll Reference & Instruction Librarian, Zahnow Library, SVSU. Appointed to SVSU in 2004.

M.I.L.S., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor M.A., Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti B.S., Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION with Beth Johns and Jennifer Dean (all SVSU Librarians). “Yes! You Can Do That with LibGuides!� 2010 Michigan Library Association Annual Conference: Yes We Can! 11 November 2010, Traverse City, Michigan. LibGuides (by Springshare) is a popular choice of software for creating subject and course guides at many libraries due to its relative ease of use. However, at Saginaw Valley State University (SVSU), we have found that LibGuides also brings together the best features of wikis, course management software, office software, and our website. We have used LibGuides to keep track of internal information for staff eyes only and to push information out to faculty. A new LibGuide can be put together quickly, and the end user simply clicks a link to access and interact with the information. In this table talk presentation, we used graphical displays, handouts, and personal interactions to show how we have used LibGuides internally to keep track of statistics, provide FAQs and other important information for library staff. We also showed how we share information with SVSU faculty and staff across campus and obtain information from them about their experiences with the library.

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Andrea Ondish Curator of Education, Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum Appointed to SVSU in 2001 B.F.A. Marywood University M.A. Eastern Illinois University M.F.A. Indiana State University

ART WORKS “IN Irvington.” Bona Thompson Memorial Center, Indianapolis, IN. August-October 2010.

“Andrea Ondish Drawings.” Golden Gallery, Bay City, MI. March 2010.

GRANTS with Mike Mosher (Saginaw Valley State University). “Mural Project at Good Neighbors Mission, Inc.” Saginaw Community Foundation. $2,000. 2010.

Youth from the Good Neighbors Mission, Inc. in Saginaw, Saginaw Valley State University Art 433 students, and the Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum partnered in a Community Mural project installed at the Good Neighbors Mission, Inc. in Saginaw. Design, drawing and painting occurred at the Museum and Arbury Fine Arts Center and installation is on the Fifth Street side of the Good Neighbors Mission, Inc. “Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum Girl Scout Program.”

Saginaw Valley State University Foundation Resource Grant. $718.44.

2010-11.

Two SVSU art education majors were hired to teach five Girl Scout programs at the Museum.

“Transportation Subsidy Program.” Bay Area Community Foundation 2010 Mini-Grant. $450. 2010.

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Alphabetical Index of Main Entries Adams, Ellen E. Alam, Mohammad Saad Alvey, Christopher Arford, Martin R. Armstrong, David Aryana, Cyrus P. Beattie, Austin Benson, Bethany Berry, David Beyett, Tyler Bidgoli, Moe Boehm, Diane Boon, Julie Bowrin, Anthony R. Braddock, Robert C. Bridges, Jennifer Brouet, Stephanie A. Brown-Fackler, Karen M. Butterfield, Doug Byer, Maegan Callejo Pérez, David M. Carter, Geoffrey V. Clark, Basil A. Clark, Gary L. Clark, LaCreta M. Clark, Sara Brooks Cooper, Caitlin Cotton, Jordan D’Arcy, Colleen Dallas, Fenobia Dean, Jennifer Decker, Sally A. Dix, Monika Donahue, Jesse Drew, Robert DuCharme, Kaitlin Earley, Donlad W. Elfakhani, Said Fetting, Brenton

13 151 199 14 201 152 202 203 121 204 153 263 206 67 15 122 154 123 207 208 93 16 19 69 101 21 209 210 102 22 265 124 23 24 25 212 127 71 214

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Force, Korey Foss, Julie A. Freed, Alan D. Gardner, Eric Gates, Daniel Giesler, Mark A. Girdham, Jane Giroux, Christopher Gittings, Joshua Gould, Jonathon A. Halaby, Nick Hansen, Elizabeth Hansen, John C. Harmer, Bonnie McKay Haubenstricker, Jason He, Ling Herlache, Ellen Hernandez, Gladys Heubo-Kwegna, Olivier Hillman, Susan L. Hinton, Dawn Holden, Matthew Huang, Ming-Tie Huffman, Jaime Hunyadi, Elaine James, Scott Jarvis, Brad D. E. Johns, Beth M. Johns, Garry L. Johnson, J. Blake Johnson, Pamela Jorgensen, Beth Kalmar, Kathy Karpovich, David S. Kearns, Kenneth L. Kelley, Emily Keough, Sara Beth Kinachtchouk, Oleg Knous, Jeremy Koperski, Jeffrey Kroll, Kathleen Lange, Gary M. Lee, Dorothy 272

216 26 155 27 30 128 31 32 217 103 218 104 156 130 219 75 132 33 158 106 34 220 159 134 36 160 37 267 161 38 221 39 108 163 168 40 41 222 136 42 268 169 137 Saginaw Valley State University

Lee, Tai-Chi Lewis, Ava E. Liu, Bing Liu, Yu London, Margot M. Luce, Julie Luce, Lisa Lucio, Anthony J. Macheso, John MacKenzie, Rafe A. Mackie, Wayne MacMillan, Brennan Mahajerin, Enayat Mathur, Nameeta McCartney, Mark W. McCue-Enser, Margret McCullough, Jennifer Meisel III, Edward C. Millikin, Marsha Misra, Kaustav Moretz, Renee` S. Mosher, Michael R. Nisula, Eric Ode, Joshua Ofori-Dankwa, Joseph Ondish, Andrea Pagano, Jason J. Pan, Zhidong (Patrick) Parham, John H. Parimoo, Vishal Park, Hong Y. Patterson, Cassie J. Payne, James Pederson, Jacob Pelkki, Kathleen Phillips, Ryan Pietras, Shannon Pionk, Timothy Pratama, Fredy S. Puia, George M. Raica-Klotz, Helen Ravuri, Evelyn Renna, Thomas J.

173 138 175 76 224 225 226 227 231 229 77 232 176 43 78 44 45 178 47 79 233 48 50 140 82 269 179 180 51 234 84 235 236 237 181 238 240 241 242 86 52 53 54

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Robinson, Hannah F. Roe, Elizabeth A. Roekle, Gretchen Ross, Rhonda Sarkar, Sam Savoy, Suzanne M. Schian, Danielle Schilling, Christopher Schlund, Devan Segel, Kerry W. Setiawan, Iwan Sheff, Arica Shepardson, Sally Short, Jessica A. Simons, Kevin M. Sivy, Tami L. Skelton, Dana Smith, Michael Sparapani, Ervin F. Stilson, Kristina Sullivan, Ann-Catherine Taber, Stephen W. Tapp, Anne R. Tarrant, Alyssa Thomas, Brian J. Trdan, Richard Trebing, Diana Trump, Erik Tuttle, Robert B. Vautaw, William R. Vogel, Jason Wagner, Debra Wall, Elizabeth Warren, Katherine Washburn, Travis Wetmore, Jill L. Williamson, Bill Wollner, William B. Zivich, Matthew

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