Koncentrerande solvärme i svenska fjärrvärmenät

ABSOLICON Solvärmedagen 6 december 2021

JOAKIM BYSTRÖM, CEO ABSOLICON

HÄLFTEN AV VÄRLDENS SLUTANVÄNDNING AV ENERGI ÄR VÄRME

REN21 report

<150°C

Electricity

The industry consumes 1/3 of all electricity

150°C to 400°C

Industry uses ½ of the heat

20% 49%

>400°C

Heat 31%

Transport

Cars, boats, airplanes

Solar Thermal to receive 1,6 trillion USD in investments up to year 2050

Figure 2 Cumulative renewable energy investments needed for direct end-uses and heat applications until 2050, IRENA 2019 IRENA’s Energy Transformation scenario, investments in renewable heating, fuels and direct uses would need to triple from around USD 25 billion in 2018 to just under USD 73 billion per year over the period to 2050. More than half of the investments (53%) would be in solar thermal technologies

INAUGURATION OF SOLAR DISTRICT HEATING T160 COLLECTOR FIELD 30TH OF SEPTEMBER

FINAL INSTALLATION OF SOLAR CENTRAL

District heating solar central 120°C

Solar thermal for district heating Large flat solar collectors

Vacuum tubes

Evacuated Flat Plate Collectors

Concentrating solar collectors

Half of all homes in Sweden are heated with district heating – but the system is under attack

SDH i Danmark • No subsidies – regulatoric benefits • 1 000 MWth solar heat in 158 cities • 156 000 m2 in Silkeborg

Pit storage for district heating

Total cost of Gram: €4,32 Energy storage capacity: 12 125 MWh Cost €0,356 / kWh Electric batteriers €200/kWh

Total energy cost for solar energy in Sweden

PV

€60/MWh

Solar Thermal

€30/MWh

x2

Performance on ground area in Sweden – if there is limitation on land or land is expensive PV

60 kWh/m2

Solar Thermal

150 kWh/m2

x 2,5

Energy storage for electricity vs heat PV

Solar Thermal

x 600

Battery electric storage

Pit storage for district heating

€200/kWh

€0,3/kWh

Heat pump operation electric vs thermal Solar Thermal

PV

40°C

Pit storage for district heating

Battery electric storage

200°C

Grid backup

Electric COP 3,5

Biofuel boiler backup

Li-Br 3-stage COP 2,2

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Härnösand example

IEA SHC Task 55 • Härnösand • 07.10.2019 • Christian Kok Skov

• Heat demand:165 GWh/year (high density) • Green areas within 1000 m vicinity: • Horizontal solar radiation:

1.7 mio. m²

869 kWh/m²/year

• 3% interest rate Solar fraction (to DH network)

20 %

40 %

Area of collector field

95 000 m²

237 000 m²

Ground area of collector field

330 000 m²

830 000 m²

20 %

50 %

19 000 m³

710 000 m³

33 GWh

83 GWh

2.6 % of solar heat

20.9 % of solar heat

35,6 € (385 SEK)/MWh

55,5 € (600 SEK)/MWh

Share of available ground within 1000 m Storage volume Solar heat production Estimation of heat losses Estimated heat price (delivered at network)

27

Economy of scale – 12% lower cost for each doubling of size

2021-12-06

Biggest SDH installation in the world is 90 MW (127 000 m2) for 20% solar fraction for a city with only 44 000 inhabitants Installations for larger cities or higher solar fraction reduce the cost For a city like Helsinki with 600 000 inhabitants in the DH network would be 12 times bigger and with 35% lower cost.

LEARNING CURVE - SOLAR HEAT REDUCE 18% FOR EACH DOUBLING OF INSTALLED CAPACITY

•

Drought and flooding has already effected developing countries

•

Now the effects are felt in Europe and USA – everybody can feel

it

•

The prognoses are based on linear development

•

The flooding in Europe scared some researchers because it was not

in the scenarios

200 GW •

The international community to pushing the change stronger and

stronger

Large scale Solar District Heating (SDH) for cities and industries • In the past, solar heat was mainly used for domestic hot water and for single hoouses • Today, SDH can replace fuils also in large district heating networks • SDH is a natural compliment to other energy sources

PILOT INSTALLATIONS AROUND THE WORLD BIG GRAZ

Storage of solar heat from summer to winter in Dronninglund 26 MW (37 500 m2) solar collectors

Heat storage 60 000 m3 Since 2013, 50% of Dronninglund heat demand from solar district heating

Vojens Fjernvarme - 200 000 m3 groplager för 95°C

Image: Savo-Solar

FRANKRIKE

50%-70%

INVESTERINGSSTÖD

TYSKLAND

50%

INVESTERINGSSTÖD

NÄSTA LAND: ÖSTERRIKE • €45 millioner i ett riktat stöd till storskalig solvärme under 2 år • Investeringsstödet om 30 – 50% ger en marknad på drygt en miljard kronor • Absolicon har bra samarbete med projekteringsföretaget SOLID

IEA Solar Heating and Cooling - installations

Solvärme i svenska fjärrvärmenät • Utan subventioner & danska priser €350/kW • Danska priser + fyrdubblad marknad = €250/kW (-28%)

12 TWh minskad biobränsle (6 TWh solvärme + 6 TWh bättre system)

2022-2024 200 MSEK

2025-2027 200 MSEK

kWh installerad effekt

25% stöd

50% stöd

SEK/MWh

Energipriset sjunker som en effekt av volymfördelar och teknisk utveckling och halveras vid 20 ggr större marknad

Statsstödsreglernas gruppundantag 651/2014

General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/SV/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014R0651&from=ET

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25000

Solar energy production over 10 years at HEMAB

20000

15000

10000

5000

0

2010 2015 2020

Absolicon T160 Solar thermal collector • 76% optical efficiency – highest in the world for a small parabolic trough

Silver reflector

Magic pipe