“Hi. I am 23 years old and a post graduate student studing for Web application at Leeds Metrolpolitan University.I stay at Harehills and I usually get a bus from there to city center, and another bus to Headingley where my campus is situated. The ruturn journey is also the same way. This is my daily routine.”
Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban area. It is the UK's largest centre for business, legal, and financial services outside London, and its office market is the best in Europe for value. Most of these services are at the centre core of the Leeds region and only a few who are lucky enough,or rich enough, to live close to the largest centers are able enou to enjoy the magic of the city. The mechanism that created Leeds to become a single isolated core is because urban services agglomerate. The restaurants, theaters, shops, carnivals, cafes, night clubs, entertainment, tend to cluster. This is done since they want to locate in positions where most people are. So as soon as one nucleus has formed in the city, each of the other se services locate themselves in this nucleus, which apparently begins to grow.
“Hi. I am 35 years old. I am an accountant working in a firm at East Parade Road at City Center. I reside at Winrose Crescent which is about a 10 minute drive from the City Center. My most basic daily routine is travelling forth and back from home to my work place.”
“Hi. I am 27 years old and I am a Sales and Marketing Executive. I stay at the Manor Hills apartment. My work place is at Park Row which is at City Center. So usually for breaks I hang out at City Center. By evening at 6:30 I am back at home. Thats my daily routine.”
UNDERSTANDING LEEDS
By DECENTRALIZING Leeds, 24 new independent neighbourhoods will be introduced, each with its own rules or laws; or lack of them. People will be free to emigrate between localities and states; settling frequently or seasonally. Homogeneity of the place will be reversed with this alteration and the existing cultural richness of Leeds will continue to evolve in isolation above the atmosphere.
IMPLEMENTING
TESSELLATION
LEEDS IN AN ORBIT
KEBAB CITY
The psychogeography is richer than ever. Communities trade between places switching old corten buildings for chicken pens and pig sty’s. The individuality of the places make for intense psycological geography.
PSYCHOGEOGRAPHY
Universities are a major part of the cities we live in, Leeds University, Leeds Metropolitan and Trinity College account to approximately 86,000 students. This creates an enormous hub consuming large amounts of resources. The future of universities and the cities they inhabit will have to aim towards a zero carbon cycle if we are to reach future generations.
HEADINGLEY CAMPUS
The Th aim for this project using Leeds Metropolitan as an example is to adapt, enhance and create a zero carbon campus of Leeds. It will use locally based resources, improve on the existing consumption and create renewable/ environmentally safe closed loop systems. First we develop a Master plan that helps the entirety of Leeds, then we look specifically at each university department buildings for improvements. Based in the thriving city of Leeds, our University is one of the most popular in the country. With over 27,000 students and 2,800 staff, we are a people business and our contribution to the region and beyond is significant. We value our students’ dreams and goals: our university is committed to preparing them for the world of work in the best possible way. OUR PROPOSALS: - ZERO CARBON CAMPUS Low emissions, closed lop systems for input and output. - PROVIDING HIGH RISE TRAM To create a connected city for students and the public. - ACCOMMODATION To provide university owned accommodation at good quality, an affordable price and linked to there essential needs. - ENTERPRISE To provide students with a good education and increase there employability, encouraging a mix of students and professionals to work together creating a Leeds Met enterprise.
CITY CAMPUS
KEY Terminus Node Tram Line Pedestrian Zone Green Link Brid Bridged Link Tram Stop Train Station Leeds Met Buildings Sports Computer & Creative Tech Arts, Architecture & Design Film, Music & Performance Arts Health and Well- being Business Public Connections
LEEDS TRAIN STATION
HEADINGLEY CAMPUS
CITY CAMPUS
TRAIN STATION
The campus has one node building which is also the start point of the tramline. The Headingley campus initially will not have any bridge links, as development of the individual building take place the new links would be built. This is to minimise disturbance to the campus and the old structures as much as possible.
The City campus will have two bridged modes, this is to allow new space for the library, linked lectures rooms and local accommodation for students. The new transport link runs through the central street (Woodhouse Lane), this provide easy access to Leeds Art College, Leeds University and Leeds Met.
There is a node building at the train station to provide for a large number of commuters, which is link also to Queens Hotel. The end of the transport line is within 5 minutes walk from the train station, this is accessible to people from the surrounding area such as Granary Wharf, Holbeck and Beeston.
ZERO CARBON CAMPUS MASTERPLAN
Faculties
1
Sports The sports proposal involves creating a green atrium in order to monitor and control humidity, creating a comfort zone within the buildings as well as a new responsive facade system which modiďŹ es internal environment making the spaces usable in all seasons and conditions.
HEADINGLEY CAMPUS
2
Computing & Creative Tech The proposal includes a rainwater harvesting system, a solar array installed on the South facade which responds to diering solar conditions and the introduction of an atrium to the East wing aiding in passive ventilation.
1
Architecture, Art & Design
2
Film, Music & Performing Arts
The design is based around a modular cladding extension which replaces the Corten steel with
The proposal re establishes the existing faculties into the broadcasting place campus,
vertically grown algae pods feeding an on site Bio-fuel production line, as well as two phytoremediation gardens which, creating a
reducing outgoing costs and enhancing educational spaces by installing a digital facade, bringing the separate workspaces into
sheltered courtyard space, provides a means of passively ventilating the faculty buildings and works wo as a nuetral method for cleaning rain and
one encompassing site and promoting Leeds Metropolitans growing performing arts faculty.
grey water.
CITY CAMPUS
3
Health & Well Being
4
Business & Law
comfortable
The business and law proposal involves using a
environment inside both Portland Building and Queens Square House, improving circulation, ventilation and shading systems by
digital campus to eliminate paper wastage and optimising room space through a digital faculty system. Additional features include a solar
installing solar panels, a double skin facade, rainwater harvesting system and a plasma gasiďŹ cation system.
array and the opportunity for usage of the now vacant Rose bowl space.
The
proposal
provides
a
CLOSED LOOP DIAGRAM
LEEDS MASTERPLAN ELEVATION
Leeds proposed tram system will create a fast suitable route within Leeds. Linking the students with the City Centre lowers CO2 emmisions and also providing a more suitable transport solution. Also providing extra transport options for the City Centre.
TRAM INTERIOR VISUAL
TRAM ROUTE POINTS
WOODHOUSE LANE PEDESTRIAN VIEW
BROADCASTING PLACE
CONSUMPTION AND WASTE
ACCOMMODATION OCCUPANCY
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
ACCOMMODATION PRICES
CONGESTION
PROPOSED TRANSPORT LINK
The Node Towers are an opportunity for the University to provide various accommodation types for new and exiting students in response to the following statistics: - There are currently over 100,000 students in Leeds. - 36,000 of these are Leeds Met Students of which only 4000 can be accommodated by Leeds Metropolitan University. - The number of students wanting to live in purpose built accommodation continues to rise with a growth of 3% over 4 years. The Tower can be constructed out of a combination of dierent elements depending on their location and allow additional elements to be added in the future. The section opposite indicates a tower combination that includes public transportation, Library facilities, various live layouts, work layouts and open space. TYPICAL WORK LEVEL
TYPICAL LIVE LEVEL
TYPICAL LIVE LEVEL
TYPICAL LIBRARY LEVEL
NODE TOWER
TRANSPORT LEVEL
The Computer and Creative Tech Department is located in the James Graham Building at the Headingley Campus of Leeds Metropolitan University. Built in 1910, the James Graham building is a neoclassical, three storey masonry structure. Originally built with two internal courtyards; these have been filled in to provide an extension to the library in the western courtyard and lecture theatres in the eastern courtyard.
The School of Computing & Creative Technology is housed mainly in the James Graham building occupying the east wing, and consists of 16 IT labs and a technicians office, all fitted out with a host of equipment to facilitate the various courses.
COMPUTER LABS
EQUIPMENT INVENTORY
LIBRARY
JAMES GRAHAM OVERVIEW
These figures are for the building as a whole At approximately 13% of the total volume of the James Graham, the school consumes around 34% of the total energy. Air-conditioning is at a constant strain due to a few factors. Firstly the heat from hardware, secondly the radiators which remain on despite heat from equipment and students warming rooms and lastly south facing rooms overheating from solar gain.
100%
MISC
50%
50%
MISC
AC
33%
48%
This proposal, using a mixture of efficiency savings and new technologies will drop consumption within the school by 56% to a final amount of 585,000 kwh per year.
AC
MISC
EFFICIENCY STUDY
MISC
Savings from the school of Computing and Creative Tech along with a holistic saving approach across the James Graham can reduce consumption by 41% to an amount of 1,855,680 kwh per year.
The benefits to consumption are substantial. Heating demands for the large auditoriums are removed along with the lighting demands. Purpose built, energy efficient auditoriums are proposed to be relocated.Reinstating the original eastern courtyard has multiple multipl benefits.It introduces natural light and ventilation to the adjacent internal spaces and also reduces the total building volume by approximately 20%.
A combined Heat and Power Biomass boiler is ideal or the size and heating demands of the James Graham. It also works with the existing heating infrastructure and hence requires minimal internal alterations. Electricityproduction is the bye-product of the heat production; therefore the electricity will only be produced when heating is required. This mean that during warmer months, electricity from means the grid would be required.The biomass CHP is capable of covering the full 902,400 kwh required to heat the building but will also have the existing gas boiler as a back-up. The electrical by-product will generate around 270,000 kwh of green electricity.The proposed system’sefficiency is reliant on a computer controlled building management system which distributes heat on a zonal arrangement, a setup which will save 25% on consumptions.
Solar potential is at its maximum on the James Graham building. Referring to the age and importance of the building, along with it being listed, a sympathetic solar intervention is proposed. With a total area of close to 2000 sq.m facing directly south and with no overshadowing, it is ideally placed. The solar facad facade needs to collect as much as solar energy possible and also shade the rooms prone to over heating. This is not a permanent feature and can be removed or upgraded as necessary. The solar array covers over 400 sq.m and generates over 110,000 kwh.Aesthetically, the facade takes inspiration from the window proportions and rhythm of the existing.
With a large roof surface area, careful collection of rain water will help cater for the WC facilities and also provide a water supply for grounds main maintenance.
The James Graham building is over 100 years old, it is a listed building and is synonymous with the Leeds Met University image. The alterations proposed, to help reduce energy consumption which needs to be sympathetic as well as effective, are as follows: 1. Solar facade 2. CHP Biomass Boiler 3. Rain/Grey Water Harvesting 4. Reinstatement of Eastern Courtyard 5. ‘Power-Off’/Efficiency Metality
solar facade
CHP biomass boiler
rain water harvesting
PROPOSITION
Sensible eďŹƒciency measures are the key. Reducing consumption is complimented by a host of renewable energy measures.
RENEWABLE ENERGY
A new look for the James Graham makes it the pinup building for a new era of energy awareness and carbon reduction at Leeds Metropolitan.
EFFICIENCY METHODS
CONCLUSION
AC
THE INTELLIGENCE FACTOR
FACADE TECHNOLOGY
BUILDING MODEL
WARM AIR HOT AIR COOL AIR
WHEN OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE IS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO INSIDE TEMPERATURE
WHEN OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE IS MORE THAN INSIDE TEMPERATURE SOLAR HEAT SUPPLY BY STACK EFFECT IN THE DOUBLE FACADE
PIVOTING SUNSHADES CONTROLLING THE ENTRY OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT EXHAUST
OUTDOOR AIR
INTERNAL TEMPERATURE 20 - 24 째C
OUTDOOR AIR
ENVIRONMENTAL SECTION DURING SUMMER
WARM AIR HOT AIR COOL AIR
SOLAR HEAT UTILIZATION
PIVOTING SUNSHADES CONTROLLING THE ENTRY OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT
ON THE SUNNY SIDE HEAT PASSES THROUGH THE FACADE WITH FANS AT THE CORNERS OF THE CAVITY WALL REDISTRIBUTING THE WARM AIR TO THE SHADED FACES OF THE BUILDING
HOT AIR
OUTDOOR AIR
INTERNAL TEMPERATURE 25- 30 째C
OUTDOOR AIR
ENVIRONMENTAL SECTION DURING WINTER
GEOGRAPHIC AND HISTORIC ANALYSIS Bromborough is a large village within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, in Merseyside, England. It is situated on the Wirral Peninsula, to the south of Bebington and to the north of Eastham. Bromborough Pool Village is located on the eastern side of the Wirral Peninsular, close to the banks of the River Mersey.
It was originally built by the Price family in 1853 and comprises a former chemical factory. In addition to existing factory plant, the site also contains a number of ancillary buildings including warehouses, oďŹƒce buildings wa (including one which is grade II listed), a laboratory, engineers workshops, a small reservoir and on-site parking. The factory which was initially constructed in 1853 for Price’s Patent Candle Company, has been vacant since 2009. Recently, several new residential projects have been proposed at the site of the chemical factory.
SITE ANALYSIS
ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY FLOOD RISK MAP
The area is almost flat, sloping slightly down towards the Mersey. It is about 10 m above sea level. The geological conditions are thought to be bunter pebble beds. In accordance to the UK environmental agency, the region is understood to be affected by flood conditions. Major flooding is caused due to River Dibbin which flows north of the Bromborough Pool village. Most time of the year, the river maintains a low profile, exceptionally during monsoon when major flooding occurs since the water level in River Mersey raises raise outwardly.
WATER LEVEL AT 0 METERS
WATER LEVEL RISE TO 5 METERS
WATER LEVEL RISE TO 7 METERS
Moreover there are several proposals for residential designs and inorder to avoid the situation of flooding a barrier must be created to avoid the flow of excess river water towards the narrow channel.
SITE ANALYSIS
WATER LEVEL RISE TO 9 METERS
WATER LEVEL RISE TO 13 METERS
WATER LEVEL RISE TO 20 METERS
GREEN SPACES
SUN PATH
WIND DIRECTION
BIOCLIMATIC ANALYSIS
SITE ANALYSIS
PUBLIC SPACES
MINOR ROADS
RESIDENTIAL
PRIMARY ROADS
INDUSTRIAL
MOTORWAY
TYPOLOGY
VEHICULAR MOVEMENT
FLOOD GATE OPTIONS 1
2
SWING HINGED FLOOD GATES- PLAN
“Since the operator’s cottage is more at risk of being attacked by the floods due to its location, the wiser idea would be to integrate the residential structure with the barrier. Such a design can make the dwelling a movable unit in the upward direction to save itself from the rising flood. The design involves a reverse mechanism: when flood barrier closes, the house rises and vice versa.”
3
SCHEME
FLOOD GATES ON ROLLERS- PLAN (top) ELEVATION (bottom)
SITE PLAN
KIT & D CHEN INI NG UT IL RO ITY OM
BA
TH
RO
OM BED
RO
OM STO
RE
LIV
ING
RO
OM
BED
STO EX RAGE T DR RACT SPAC INK ED E F ING CLE OR WA AN TER
RO
OM BA
TH
RO
OM BED
RO
OM STO FO RAG RE ES HY XTRA PACE DR C OG TED EN
TES
TB
FLOOR PLAN
ED
ELEVATION DURING NORMAL CONDITIONS Working- The house works on a lifting mechanism which pushes a support column up out of the ground powered by hydraulic pumps, raising the building from its lowered position to a required secure height.
ELEVATION
SCALE1:100
ELEVATION DURING FLOOD CRISES Working- The lifting mechanism has been designed such that the lifting, at around 10 cm per 15 seconds, is gentle and steady. The bottom of the structure is provided with pontoon base to remain steady when above ground level. The Th moving element can be lowered more quickly as it is easy to lower the structure than lifting it. This means it would take about 12 minutes to reach its full height above ground.
ELEVATION
SCALE1:100
The lifting mechanism has been designed in such a way that it is steady and gentle. Additionally, the bottom of the structure is provided with a pontoon base to remain steady when above ground level. The Th barrier is with alternating materials of concrete for strength and piezo ceramics for energy production. With the constants movement of water, when the barrier is fully or partially closed, can produce energy which can be stored on site for several purposes. Piezo ceramics is quite eective in high humid conditions and has a guaranteed durability for 4 years.
TEST BED
SECTION
SCALE1:100
STORE
BEDROOM 1
BATHROOM
UTILITY
KITCHEN
MOVABLE FLOOD BARRIER, DEPENDING ON THE RISE OF WATER LEVEL
BEDROOM 2
STORE
LIFTING MECHANISM WHICH CONSIST OF A SUPPORT COLUMN
UNDERGROUND HYDRAULIC PUMP HOUSE WATER LEVEL SENSOR VALVE
AVERAGE WATER LEVEL
WORKING DRAWING
DURING NORMAL CONDITIONS
WHEN WATER LEVEL RISES
Average global temperatures are expected to increase by 2째F to 11.5째F by 2100, depending on the level of future greenhouse gas emissions, and the outcomes from various climate models. By 2100, global average temperature is expected to warm at least twice as much as it has during the last 100 years. Ground-level air temperatures are expected to continue to warm more rapidly over land than oceans. Some parts of the world are projected to see larger temperature increases than the global average.
Projected changes in global average temperatures Source: NRC
Projected temperature change for mid-century (left) and end-of-century (right) in the United States under higher (top) and lower (bottom) emissions scenarios. Source: USGCRP 2009
The proposal is to wrap the building from the profuse heat with a panel consisting of PV cells on one side and OLED screen on the other. The PV cells can absorb the high intensity heat of Arizona converting it into useful energy sources. This panel can also protect the western side of the building as a screen and at the same time function usefully during adverse climatic conditions.
THE PROPOSAL
Lid
VIEW OF THE WORKING PROGRESS
Aluminium proямБle
OLED
PV Panel
VARIOUS PATTERNS CREATED BY PANEL ALIGNMENTS
WORKING SCHEME
EXPLODED VIEW OF A SINGLE PANEL
Berlin is Germany’s greenest major city. Parks, forest, rivers, lakes and canals make up more than 30% of the territory. Hoever, agriculture contributes to only 4.2% of the city area. THere are 929 small garden communities with almost 74,000 individual garden plots inside the city limits.
UNDERSTANDING BERLIN AGRICULTURE
Several future proposal for organic farming has been put forward. Structural investments has been contibuted for the betterment of agricultural land and practices, as well as many agriculturalenvironmental measures has been taken into consideration.
UNDERSTANDING BERLIN AGRICULTURE
UNDERSTANDING BERLIN AGRICULTURE
WHAT ? U
I NI
X
FOR WHOM ?
NDING
G N
1960
1987
1999
2012
D
DU I N MU
2050
local people relocating due to ri e in rent
INC
The increase must be to 70% by 2050 inorder to meet our needs
forced to ove to the out kirt of the city
= 7 billion
2050
F
D
F-
DUC I N I
Biointen ive agriculture
N
IV
WHERE ?
Vegan Diet per person (when compared to 650 sqm in conventional agriculture)
Complete Diet per person (when compared to 2300 sqm in conventional agricultue) Biointen ive Vertical far ing
Complete Diet
per person
NZ
U
B
G
Af After German reunification in 1990 Prenzlauer Berg became a centre for more bohemian Berlin youth, while recently it has experienced gentrification. In the last decade or so, wealthy professionals with young families have moved to Prenzlauer Berg from all over Germany and its popularity has caused the rent to rise, resulting in an exodus of the local people to cheaper neighborhoods. Due to the gentrification issues in Prenzlauer Berg, the local residents are possesing a great stress to manage living there because of the rise in rents Hence, a proposition to relocate those in need to a satisfactory location can be a better option than to completely move out of the city to the outskirts.
not enough for extra 2 billion
N
I N IN
Prenzlauer Berg forms the southern part of the borough of Pankow. It is a focal point of the Berlin art scene and is also a popular neighbouhood.
3 billion 5 billion 6 billion 7 billion 9 billion F
IFIC
Th Spree Park is being proposed as the site since the The plot has been abandoned for 11 years now and it is 10 kms from Prenzlauer Berg. Therefore it can be convenient for relocation as well as to those who wish to continue their business in Prenzlauer Berg. The Ferris wheel still stands, but has not operated since the park's closure, and only few remains of other attractions can be found on-site.
THE CONCEPT of the project is to create a self suďŹƒcient community
inorder to help those relocating by providing housing facilities. It is also accompanied with extensive agricultural production to provide the community with the necessities to survive. Moreover the waste from the agricultural products can be processed through an energy center to supply electricity for the entire site making it self sustainable.
Incorporating a community with shared facilities. The initial plan of the community can be set forward by the state to accommodate the gentrified people and later on, in the longer run, the community can be planned, owned and managed by the residents – who also share activities which may include cooking, dining, child care, gardening, and governance of the community. Common facilities include a kitchen, dining room, laundry, child care facilities, offices, internet access, guest rooms, and recreational features. Cohousing facilitates interaction among neighbors for social and practical benefits, economic and environmental benefits.
NORTH
GREEN LINKS WITH GREEN HOUSES
DIDACTIC GARDENS
RIVER SPREE
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT PROCESSING WAREHOUSE
HYDROPONICS TOWER
CULTURAL CENTER AND RESEARCH FACILITIES
ENERGY CENTER
BIOMARKETS GARDEN SPACE
EXISTING LANDSCAPE
EXISTING FERRIS WHEEL RESIDENCES COMMUNITY AGRICULTURAL GARDEN
LIVE, WORK, SHOP, MOVE METABOLISM
Every system within the community forms a closed loop inorder to become a self sufficient and sustainable environment. The system also reflects the post capitalist behaviour of Berlin since there is no individual benefit. The driving force of the project is to work together in harmony by sharing and co-operation. coThe four categories of the project : LIVE, WORK, SHOP AND MOVE; are all linked to each other forming a compact remedy for the post capitalist situation.
SELF SUFFICIENT COMMUNITY- SITE PLAN
BED 1
SPRING
BED 2
SPRING
BED 3
SPRING SUMMEREARLY FALL
BED 3
BED 2
SUMMEREARLY FALL
BED 1
BED 2
BED 2
MEASUREMENT BED SIZE : 20’ X 5’
SPRING
BED 2
SPRING
BED 1
SPRING
YEAR 4
YEAR 3
BED 1 unchanged from late spring to early summer
EARLY FALL
BED 1
BED 1
FALL
SUMMERLATE SUMMER
BED 1
BED 2
SUMMER
BED 1
EARLY
SPRINGEARLY SUMMER
YEAR 2
SPRING
YEAR 1
ONE PERSON MINI GARDEN FOR A PERIOD OF 4 YEARS
AGRICULTURAL SPACE
38,800 SQ M ENERGY CONTENT TO FEED 1 PERSON IN A YEAR
30 SQ M
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT PROCESSING WAREHOUSE
HENCE, THE LAND SPACE CAN PROVIDE VEGETABLES FOR APPROX
HYDROPONICS TOWER
1300 PEOPLE
ENERGY CENTER
FOR AROUND A YEAR
4 MJ/kg 17 MJ/kg 15 MJ/kg 16 MJ/kg 9 MJ/kg
GRASS (FRESH CUT) PAPER STRAW DUNG
DOMESTIC WASTE
CUCUMBER PUMPKIN PEPPERS BASIL AND PARSLEY TOMATOES ZUCCHINI POTATOES RADISHES ONIONS AND GARLIC CARROTS
BIOFUELS
33 MJ/L CASTOR OIL 33 MJ/L SUNFLOWER
CABBAGE AND CAULIFLOWER BEETS BROCCOLI AND BRUSSEL SPROUTS PEAS
WHERE
COMMUNITY AGRICULTURAL GARDEN
952 L/ha SOYBEAN 446 L/ha CASTOR OIL 1413 L/ha SUNFLOWER
LETTUCE BEANS CORN EGGPLANT SPINACH WATERMELONS
THUS, ASSUMING ONE CROP PER YEAR, A HECTARE OF CASTOR BEANS WOULD PRODUCE THE EQUIVALENT OF APPROXIMATELY 1400 L OF GASOLINE
STRAWBERRIES ASPARAGUS SAGE, CHIVES AND MARJORAM
LIVE
PRENZLAUER BERG
SPREE PARK