September 2016 Vol 5 Issue 01
Postal Registration No. : DL(S)-01/3496/2016-18 Posted at IPMBC on the 9th & 10th same month RNI No: DELENG/2012/43525 Published on the 5th of the same month
Best Law Colleges of india 2016 The Talking Books
Approach the Mirror Before Résumé
Breaking the Code: CLAT
Contents
68 Pages including Cover September 2016 I Volume 5 I Issue 01 I `40
14 Cover Story
Beginner’s guide to law in India
Law is always considered as an honourable, promising and lucrative career option. Apart from the traditional streams, today law provides us with immense career opportunities. And taking a cue from this, a number of colleges have sprung up in the past few years which are offering undergraduate or postgraduate degrees in the field of law.
Special Feature
Letters to the Editor........................................04 News...............................................................06
Breaking the code: CLAT.....................................................................................................24
Personality Review l Face to Face......................................................................................................................08
Feature l Law an Honourable Career Option..................................................................................28 l The Legal Specialties........................................................................................................34 l The Talking Books.............................................................................................................46 l Defence Forces: A Path to rule land, air and water........................................................50
Interview l l l l
Prof. ORS Rao, ICFAI University...................................................54 Anand Prakash Mishra,Jindal Global Law School ....................56 Dr Rose Varghese, NUALS...........................................................58 Dr Sanjeev P Sahni, Jindal Institute of Behavioural Sciences.......................................................................................60
Guest Column
Lifestyle l Approach the Mirror before Resume..............................................................................40
Success Story l Kamini Prasad, COO-Urban Skills, Centum Learning Limited ...................................62
2 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
Tarun Wig .......... 64
KJS Anand ........ 66
September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 3
Letters to the Editor
Editor and Publisher Smiti Suri Executive Editor Samaya Chhabra Principal Correspondent Ritika Arora Bhola
Best Mass Comm. Colleges The cover stor y on ‘Tak ing The World On With Mass Communication’ which gave a wide knowledge about the mass communication course and its colleges was very informative. The list of colleges offering mass communication was covered in depth and was quite useful. Great effort!
Special Correspondent Sana Husain
Bikash Chetry, Guwahati
Feature Writer Tariq Ahmed Nikhil Mishra Nicin Varghese
Career in Print Journalism
T h e a r t i cl e h e l p e d i n providing a deep insight to the different aspects of print jour nalism. It was a wond e r f u l ef for t , t o highlight the various paths of print jour nalism that one can take over in order to make a shining career. Thanks to the editor.
Director Marketing Ajeet Kumar Manager Marketing Niti Chauhan Marketing Executive Chetan Pathak Rajesh Basu Asad Mohammad Mehuli Choudhury Marketing Support Sheetal Singh
Ankita Srivastava, New Delhi
Administration Vipin Marwah Lavish Thakur
Master of Tongues
Designer & Visualiser Mayank Bhatnagar Shaique Ahmad
I have a passion for learning different languages. So this article was a saviour in the sense that it provided me an overall view of how one can make career in translation. The article covered every angle related to translation in a very detailed manner. Got a way to see it as my preferable career choice.
All material printed in this publication is the sole property of CAREERConnect All printed matter contained in the magazine is based on the information of those featured in it. The views, ideas, comments and opinions expressed are solely of those featured and the Editor and Publisher do not necessarily subscribe to the same.
Rahul Gupta, Bhopal
CAREERConnect is printed, published and owned by Smiti Suri, and is printed at Compudata Services, 42, Dsidc Shed, Scheme–1, Okhla Industrial Area Complex, Phase–II, New Delhi-110020, and published at 6/31B, Jangpura–B, New Delhi-110014. Editor–Smiti Suri
Inside: Best BBA Colleges in India: P.31
Postal Registration No. : DL(S)-01/3496/2016-18 Posted at IPMBC on the 9th & 10th same month RNI No: DELENG/2012/43525 Published on the 5th of the same month
Best Mass Communication Colleges of India 2016 Print Journalism: An apt career choice?
Enlisted: What is India reading?
Industry Ready: The new catchphrase
Campus Walkthrough
It was a great read with ample information about the favourite education destinations around the world. Congratulations to the team for bringing out such a productive edition. Expecting further such interesting and informative editions in the future. Neeraj Sharma, Mumbai
Enlisted
This was one of the most u n ique feat u res t hat t h is magazine had. Hats off to the team for bringing out such innovative ideas. The books covered in the enlisted section were a treat to an avid book reader like me. Got to know about many other significant reading materials. Kudos, to the writer. Sandhya Sharma Darjeeling
Trending 4
This is with reference to the story about anchoring issued in the last edition. It was a ver y beautifully written piece about a nchor i ng, which has given me clear sight about pu rsuing anchoring as a career..
In today’s world, social media has become an important part of our life. Your “Socialflap” was a brilliant effort in order to ma ke us awa re about what’s trending on social media (or on the internet, for that matter) and was quite informative too. Thanks for bringing it out.
Zaveria Sheikh, Lucknow
Mathew Varghese, Chennai
Beauty Meets Quality
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August August2016 2016Vol Vol44Issue Issue12 12
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4 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 5
News
Kerala first among states in India in education sector
K
erala has come out first among states in the country in the sectors of education, micro -f i nance, agriculture, marketing and investment in a survey conducted by a leading magazine. In last year`s survey, Kerala was in the second place among the states. Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu secured the second and third positions this year. Goa topped the list of best governed states in the smaller states category. The survey pointed out a ten per cent increase in domestic production in Kerala, indicated that the economic recession had not affected the state. In the education sector, the teacher-student ratio
had become 1:25 as against the national ratio of 2:100. The per capita income of citizens in the state had also increased. The
Hamid Ansari unhappy over poor State funding for education
V
ice President Hamid Ansari has expressed concern over the decline in State funding in key social sector programmes, including education. Dr. Ansari was recently quoted as saying, “The money allocated for key CentrallySponsored Social Schemes — Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), 6 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, and National Health Mission — had declined by around eight per cent, six per cent and three per cent respectively over the last two years.” He also added that besides enhancing government investments in education, the funding levels of other social welfare schemes, especially those operating in the rural sector, need to be maintained to ensure that the falling income of parents does not impact the educational prospects of children. Mr. Ansari pointed out that public services like school education are the key to nurturing participatory growth. “Financing of education in India remains inadequate. The total public expenditure for education, at less than 3.5 per cent of the GDP, is currently well below the six per cent commitment made in various national policies,” he said. Lauding the achievements of Kerala, Mr. Ansari said that the spread of education in the State had led to the enhancement of individual freedom and capacity to assert one’s rights for better health care. It has also created a better climate for gender equality, besides leading to faster reduction in poverty, he said.
magazine described Kerala as a state that had achieved economic growth and human resource development.
Indians in UK most educated
T
he Indian-origin population in the UK tends to be more educated and less unemployed when compa red to ot her et h n ic minorities, according to a new report released today, even as it warned that Britain must tackle the problem of an “entrenched” race divide in the cou nt r y. In some cases, Indians out-per for med even t he Br it ish population with a higher percentage increase in those with degree level qualifications. “Since 2008, all ethnicities have seen an increase in the proportion with a degree-level qualification, however compared with the increase for white people (5.9 percentage points), I ndians saw the largest increase (18.1 percentage points),” says the report by the UK’s Equality and Human Rights Commission. “The lowest u nemploy ment rate was among Indians (9.2 per cent) and the highest among Pakistanis/ B a n g l a d e s h i s (17. 3 p e r c e n t) , African/Caribbean people (15.5 per cent) and mixed ethnic minorities (15.2 per cent),” it said.
News
Punjab Govt committed to promote education
P
u njab education minister Dr Daljit Singh Cheema said that the Punjab Gover nment is com m it ted towa rds promot i ng education from the grassroots level. He said that with an aim that maximum students clear national competitive exams, meritorious schools have been opened in different parts of the state and it is a matter of great pride that these schools are giving good results. Daljit Singh Cheema also added that the Punjab Education Department
is now providing professional guidance to students from Class X to XII to help them to choose right career according to their aptitude. Under this plan, District Level Career Guidance Camps have been organised in all parts of the state. While addressing the students, Daljit Singh Cheema said that it was felt that students, due to lack of guidance and counselling got stuck in a career for which they do not have aptitude and they waste their education
Millionlights launches TV channel focused on education
M
illionlights, an Education content provider is launching a TV chan nel focused on higher education and skill development in collaboration with DEN Manoranjan Network in Pune. The company said that this would be the first channel of its kind in India. The aim is to create a landscape
and making them productive members of society. We are committed to provide educat ional access by leverag i ng technology in order to bring the best courses within the reach of the millions who are currently deprived” To start with, the Millionlights TV channel will be carried by DEN Manoranjan Networks
of content, deliver y platfor ms and certifications which in turn would lead to higher employability. Millionlights will be collaborating with universities, teachers, technology companies and certification companies in this venture. Pradeep Varma, Chairman, Millionlights said “Education and training is the key to moving a large underserved segment of our population out of unemployment
which has about 200,000 active cable households on its network. The channel will focus on skill upgradation and have programmes like Microsoft Virtual Academy content which is localized. The company said that they were currently generating over 100 hours of new content every month. Millionlights intends to reach out to 50 million people over the next five years through this initiative.
and life while pursuing wrong careers. He said that the students from class X to XII needed professional counselors, who could determine their aptitude adopting scientific and psychological tools and guide them to choose a career for according to their aptitude and strength.
Microsoft’s Project Shiksha making impact in education sector
A
fter revolutionising the world of personal computers, Microsoft is taking another big leap, through Project Shiksha. It is a flagship program in partnership with state governments, revolutionizing the lives of lakhs of children in remote Indian villages, cities, and township. This innovative and highly laudable initiative, on the lines of similar programs such as Project Saksham, Project Jyoti, and Youth Spark programme among many, aims to uplift the standard of education in India through infusion of technology to flavor the staleness of primary education in India. According to the Microsoft India Citizenship Report (2015-16), under this program, which was launched in 2003, it has already trained 7.7 lakh teachers across 12 states and also organizes visits to schools of the teachers trained under the project in order to study the teacher’s IT skills into practice. For a country, with an abysmal reputation in the field of human resource development, initiatives such as Project Shiksha are like a fresh breath of air to and most laudable attempt at ameliorating education. Apart from transforming education, Microsoft is also providing free cloud services to Indian startups. September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 7
Face to Face The best way to track history on Earth is by understanding what humans are upto. In this segment, Sana Husain reviews the top ten personalities of the month, who have been splashed out in the media, for their bold moves.
PERSONALITY REVIEW
#1 PV Sindhu
S
he is the media’s new shiny toy/ obsession/ creator of “Sindhustan Humaara” fad. PV Sindhu became India’s first woman to win a silver medal at the Rio Olympics 2016. Sindhu created history on August 19, 2016, with a breathtaking match that got the entire country on their toes. The 21-year old badminton ace united billions with her match as she competed with Spain’s Carolina Marin. The latter triumphed with 19-21, 21-12, 21-15 score card and tears of happiness in her eyes. Amul advertisements known for taking on political events and other routine activities shared an ad terming Sindhu’s performance as Sindhustan Humaara. While Twitterati celebrates her performance, her victory is lauded by gifts from state governments to advertisements. While V Chamundeshwarnath, President of Hyderabad District Badminton Association will gift a BMW to Sindhu, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar is likely to handover a Beemer to Sindhu in September. Delhi government will also honor her with a reward of ` two crore. Yes, the list is mind-boggling and will continue to startle you. The 21-year old Sindhu might have not won a gold for the country but the fact that India’s flag stood on the podium of Rio Olympics because of a woman, is no less a reason for celebration. Well done, Sindhu!
#2 Shobha De
S
he is known to slam everyone left, right and center, with her cheeky demeanour. Her age will hardly ever portray her sense of maturity, when she will tweet or write for anyone. Indian columnist and novelist Shobhaa De took to Twitter on August 8, 2016, to criticise the performance of the Indian athletes and players at the ongoing Rio Olympics so far. “Goal of Team India at the Olympics: Rio jao. Selfies lo. Khaali haat wapas aao. What a waste of money and opportunity,” her tweet read. While Indians cheered for PV Sindhu and the possibility of her winning the gold at the Rio Olympics, columnist Shobhaa De seemed to be setting her sights a bit lower. After Sindhu smashed her way into the badminton finals on August 18, De wrote a cheeky tweet — ‘P V Sindhu, Silver Princess?’. Being the favourite target of Twitterati after Shashi Tharoor, her tweet was met with a lot of lambasting by sportsmen – including Abhinav Bindra and Virender Sehwag – and the general populace alike. Not only that, ever since that tweet, wrestler Sakshi Malik has bagged India a bronze, and tweeple have been taking jibes at De’s selfie remark. She is outright, witty, but not that wise. Perhaps, she can set her checks and balances right this time. September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 9
PERSONALITY REVIEW
#3 Irom Sharmila
E
merging out of the dark waters, she started a hunger strike to repeal AFSPA from the state. Irom Sharmila Chanu, popularly known as the Iron Lady of Manipur, on August 9, 2016, became a free woman. Sitting in the courtyard outside the special ward of Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences (JNIMS), where she has lived as an undertrial prisoner this entire time, Sharmila took a dab of honey to end her fast at 4.25 pm. But the day ended on a bitter note, with residents of a colony where she had gone to stay started turning her away, and a temple reportedly refused to take responsibility for her. At a press conference during the day, Sharmila said, “My love life is my personal life. That is my right to choose. It is only natural. I have ended my fast today because I want power, I want to be able to have the power to repeal AFSPA from Manipur. I want to become the Chief Minister of Manipur to be able to do this.” She has silently revolted against the dirty politics in Manipur. Voicing her self-determination, she added, “I know nothing about politics and I have always been academically weak. But I will share my power.” Irom magnifies the revolution to another level, with her symbolic tube. As she continues to fight for justices despite struggling with innumerous obstacles all the way, she makes it in this list, as a striking game changer of the century.
#4 Nita Ambani
T
he Founder and Chairperson of the Reliance Foundation, Nita Ambani, was elected as an individual member of the Olympic Committee during the 129th Session of the International Olympics Committee (IOC) in Rio on August 4, 2016. She polled the highest percentage (92.20 percent) of valid votes among all eight candidates. “We want to encourage many other games besides cricket in India like football and basketball and let children be exposed to all kinds of games,’’ said Nita Ambani. Looking forward to build a movement in sports for children in India, Nita Ambani is the first Indian woman to join the IOC, the supreme body for global sport. She is involved in promoting multiple sports in India with a focus on developing talent through a number of large-scale grassroots initiatives. The grassroot programmes that she has initiated have reached out to over three million children in multiple sports. She is the architect of Indian Super League (ISL) which has helped in raising the profile of Indian football. Though she also owns the Mumbai Indians IPL cricket team in India, her vision for sports extends beyond cricket, or hopes over the inclusion of India’s most popular game in the Olympics.
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PERSONALITY REVIEW
#5 Hillary Clinton
H
illary Clinton dropped by the resort island of Martha’s Vineyard over the weekend to pick up more than $1 million in campaign contributions during an elegant party at the summer home of one of her most devoted supporters.This spells money, power and ambition and fabulous amount of support, if you would ever want to calculate that. Hillary Clinton’s top aide Huma Abedin worked at a radical Muslim publication that opposed women’s rights and blamed the US for 9/11, it has been revealed. Other articles and statements by Huma Abedin’s mother were sure to please the misogynist Saudi Arabian regime, but not Hillary Clinton’s liberal base. Sperry writes at the New York Post: Huma Abedin published articles in a Saudi journal taking Clinton’s feminist platform apart, piece by piece. At the time, Abedin was assistant editor of theJournal of Muslim Minority Affairs working under her mother, who remains editor-in-chief. She was also working in the White House as an intern for then-First Lady Clinton. With Hillary Clinton ahead in most polls, opponents have questioned whether the Democratic nominee is hiding an illness. Former Mayor of New York City and Trump Adviser Rudy Giuliani claims that online videos prove Hillary Clinton has an illness and is unfit to serve as President. Earlier this month, fake medical records of Hillary Clinton were posted on Twitter. Snopes found that the health record was designed to impersonate Hillary Clinton’s real doctor. However, there were formatting issues and other errors that revealed the medical record to be fake. W Donald Trump himself has alluded to Hillary Clinton not having the stamina at a Fox News town hall interview hosted by Sean Hannity and Trump supporter. Some political analysts claim that Hillary Clinton illness conspiracies are an act of desperation by Republicans who feel Trump is losing the election. There are no reports that Hillary Clinton is going to release her medical records and her campaign continues to remind the public that Donald Trump has not released his tax returns. No matter what, the Clinton lady rules with style.
#6 Barack Obama
H
is official website doesn’t boast of his daily activities, but all his work and initiatives are aimed at getting access to affordable, quality care for Americans. So far, he has the most charming persona as the 44th and current president of the United States, and the first African American to serve as U.S. president. First elected to the presidency in 2008, he won a second term in 2012. But, recently, Obama drew criticism for refusing to end his vacation prematurely to visit the devastation caused by historic flooding in Louisiana. Another intriguing feature that’ll draw your attention is that UFO disclosure lobbyist Stephen Bassett, Executive Director of the Paradigm Research Group (PRG), has released a new video suggesting Obama would be talked about for “a thousand years” if he reveals alien secrets. He claims that the announcement would be “more profound than the coming of Jesus Christ”. In the video released by Earth Mystery News, Bassett said: “The first head of state that makes the announcement that extraterrestrial presence is real will be one of the greatest political legacies of all time.” Ever since he has stepped into the White House, he has made many faces smile and feet dance to his tunes. September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 11
PERSONALITY REVIEW
#7 JK Rowling
T
he British novelist, who faced rejection for ‘The Cuckoo’s Calling’ by several publishers, and was even advised to take a ‘writing course’ by one of them is nevertheless the first person in the world to become a billionaire by writing books, according to Forbes. Rowling’s Harry Potter series is an international hit which has sold more than 400 million copies around the world. She has announced a series of three new eBooks based on the Harry Potter universe, that are to be released on September 6. The books, featuring original writing by Rowling, will offer “Harry Potter fans added insights into the stories, settings and characters”, in nine languages. For the die-hard fans, this will sound and read very bad that there will be no more books on the fictional character ‘Harry Potter’. But, all that good work shall live on for the generations to come! This partially hints at the fact that how quickly we have aged, while having spent majority of our childhood with him.
#8 Kamal Haasan
A
new synonym for “humility” is here. The recipient of the Padma Bhushan from the Gover n ment of India, who has don ned several hats and has been actively involved in production, direction, playback singing and song writing in films, Actor Kamal Haasan will be awarded the Chevalier de L’Ordre Arts et Lettres (The Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters) by the French government. The Order is part of France’s premier award, the Legion of Honor. Kamal said, “On this occasion, I bow before my more deserving forerunners, Mr. Satyajit Ray and Mr. Sivaji Ganesan, who made even the common man realise the value of the Chevalier award. This award hu mble s me r at he r t h a n st i f fe n me with pride.” The order of merit is awarded “to recognise eminent artists and writers, as well as people who have contributed significantly to furthering the arts in France and throughout the world.” On March 30 this year, the versatile actor, who had made his debut as a child artiste in Kalathoor Kannamma in 1959, had received the Henri Langlois Award for his contribution to cinema in France.
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PERSONALITY REVIEW
#9 Kiran Bedi
T
he veteran seems to remind everyone in the country that she won’t be here forever. Lt Governor Kiran Bedi, on August 21, 2016 said that she will quit if people, government officials and ministers do not join hands with her in making the Union territory of Puducherry clean. Inaugurating a marathon organised by the students’ council of Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (Jipmer) as part of the intercollegiate festival, ‘Spandan’, Bedi said that she would wait till the beginning of October and if the people, officials and elected representatives do not cooperate in the cleaning campaign she would leave the Union territory. The 67-year-old added, “Your Lt Governor is cleaning. It is not the job of the Lt Governor to clean the streets. I went to a dumpyard today. My shoes are dirty. This cannot go on. You dirty the street and block the drain. It is the job of the elected representatives and officials to clean the territory. I will be part of the team [in the cleaning campaign]. Some officers join me. Some officers refuse to join me in the campaign. I left my home to serve Puducherry. I have enough work to do. I have two foundations (NGOs) and thousands of students waiting for me.” So, that tells it all about Kiran Bedi, who is a social activist, a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) officer and now a politician too. She is the first Indian woman who joined officer’s ranks of IPS in 1972.
#10 Nargis Fakhri
B
orn to multi-cultural parents in New York City, she claims to have faced many adversities throughout childhood. Still, this damsel doesn’t seem to stop at any given point in time. This worldly model took an amazing leap of faith and starred in Imtiaz Ali’s Rockstar, as the female lead. Although drawing flak for her performance, the bold and the beautiful Nargis expressed, “Now whatever people say it doesn’t affect me that way because after ‘Rockstar’ it was so dramatic. Now I have a better understanding (of films) so now I don’t care. But I am so proud of that film,” Nargis told IANS. However, Nargis admitted that the negative reviews for her debut film had a “traumatising” effect on her. The disappointment trail caught up with her after her fractious heartbreak with alleged boyfriend Uday Chopra, just when they were about to tie the knot. Now, the Daniel Defoe’s travelogue ‘Robinson Crusoe’ is her savior. What filled her mind with the thoughts of being on a tropical island with animals, encountering cannibals etc, then, is what she wants to give a shot and live her childhood dream. Keep it up woman!
September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 13
COVER STORY
The
Beginnerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Law Guide in to I ndia
In India, law is considered as an honourable profession. Law aspirants can avail varied lucrative job opportunities. Law is a career which demands loads of determination, patience and hard work. You can be a successful lawyer if you are willing to give in all your hundred per cent. For a law aspirant, Ritika Arora Bhola provides in-depth information on law as a career and profession
14 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
COVER STORY
September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 15
COVER STORY
S
tudents interested in making a career in law can either opt for a three-year law course after graduation in any discipline or a five-year course after class 12th. In fact, the three-year course is now giving way to the five-year one which is seen as a better option. The five year course is meant for those who want to take up law as a career – be it as a litigator or any other kind of legal professional. The LLB course is governed by the Bar Council of India which sets rules and regulations regarding legal practice in the country. Students can opt for any specialisation at Masters, M.Phil or Ph.D stage. A higher degree helps candidates get jobs in academics as a lecturer or professor.
Eligibility Criteria
An aspirant can start preparing for law entrance exam conducted at national level for five-year BA LLB program at various National Law Schools across India soon after completing the senior secondary exam. The national law entrance exam, CLAT (Combined Law Admission Test) basically tests the students’ general English, legal aptitude, general awareness, logical skills, etc. Some universities which offer the three-year LLB course conduct entrance exam which have a syllabus on the same lines.
Is it the right career for me?
Law is a career which demands loads of determination, patience and hard work. You can be a successful lawyer if you are willing to give in all your hundred per cent. First generation lawyers particularly face numerous problems in their profession but it becomes easier if one trains under a Senior Counsel in the beginning of their career. Great communication skills, articulation and critical analysis are prerequisites for lawyers.
Law School: Cost and Expense
The current five-year law program offered by the law schools cost around three lakh rupees whereas the three-year LLB course usually involves lesser expense between two to three lakh for three years. Hostel expenses are exclusive of the tuition fees.
Funding and Scholarship 16 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
Not many law schools in India offer financial help at the time of admission or on the basis of entrance exam. The students must talk to the authorities and find out specific policies on scholarship from respective universities. Students can also opt to take a bank loan or apply for various scholarships that are offered from time to time.
Job Prospects
There’s a plethora of job opportunities in India for a law graduate. One can either work with a corporate firm or practice as an advocate in a court of law. Later on, by clearing exams conducted by the Public Service Commission, a law graduate can become a judge. After gaining experience, a law graduate can hope to become Solicitor General, a Public Prosecutor or offer services to government departments and ministries. One can also work as a legal advisor for various organisations. Teaching in colleges, working with NGOs and working as a reporter for newspapers and television channels are other attractive options for law graduates.
Pay Packet
An amateur lawyer who starts practicing in a court or under any senior advocate can get a stipend of ` 5000 to ` 15,000 depending on the advocate he is associated with. Whereas, a law graduate working with a Legal Process Outsourcing firm can get attractive salary starting from ` 20,000 to ` 50,000. Law is a highly paying profession, but depends largely on the caliber, popularity and success of the candidate.
Demand and Supply
Of late, there has been an acute shortage
Top Indian Law Firms Amarchand Mangaldas AZB & Partners J Sagar Associates Khaitan & Co Luthra & Luthra Trilegal Desai & Diwanji Singhania & Partners Titus & Co Wadia Ghandy & Co Lakshmi Kumaran & Sridharan Economic Laws Practice Vaish & Associates
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COVER STORY
of qualified and well-trained lawyers in India. The Bar Council of India has often expressed its concern over young lawyers not joining the profession. There are nearly 10 lakh lawyers in India but according to law experts only 20 per cent of them can be considered fit enough to practice law in courts. Several law schools like Faculty of Law, NLSU and NALSAR were established to increase the quality of legal education and produce skilled lawyers to meet the growing requirement.
Market Watch
Talks are on to expand the scope for legal practice in India and open the gates for law firms from outside India. Law graduates can expect better job opportunities when foreign law firms start their operations in India. LPOs have started to recruit
young law graduates for their processes dealing in US laws or UK laws. Legal education has been liberalised and for that reason professionals from various other disciplines too are interested to do short term courses in law which ultimately will help to raise the standard of legal awareness.
International Focus
Legal education in India is similar to the one in Britain. Several universities in UK are offering legal education to Indian students and they are quite enjoying working in the UK wherein they receive attractive salary packages. A recent trend has been that students from India study in law colleges in the 18 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
USA and receive attractive jobs after completion of the course. Harvard Law School, Yale University, Australia National University, etc., are some attractive options on which Indian law students have set their eyes on these days.
Pros & Cons
Lawyers like other professionals such as doctors and chartered accountants require experience to polish their skills and become valuable for their clients. Therefore, it is time which helps a lawyer become effective. Candidates determined to succeed in the profession have to be patient in the initial phase of their career. However, there is no limit to success and money as well as power for a lawyer. Lawyers are not only respected but also help people in their battle for justice.
Roles & Responsibilities
1. Criminal Lawyer: Specialises in criminal laws CrPC, IPC, Evidence Act and various other penal laws. 2. Civil Litigation Lawyer: Specialises in civil laws, eg. taxation laws, excise laws. 3. Legal Analyst: Works for corporate firms or law firms and analyses laws pertaining to the sphere of the company and its operation. 4. D o c u m e nt D r a f t i n g L aw ye r: Specialises in drafting various documents cont aining ag reements, ter ms and conditions, case material, etc. 5. Legal Journalist: Covers crime beats, legal proceedings in courts, arbitration courts, international courts and arbitration events.
6. Legal Advisor: Offers consultancy to corporate firms regarding their legal obligations, duties, legal relations with other firms. 7. Government Lawyer: Works for the government and in close coordination with the police. 8. Jud ge: O f fe r s ju d g me nt a f t e r conduct i ng t he cou r t proceed i ngs and hearing all the concer ned parties.
Tips for Getting Hired
Law aspirants who have successfully completed five year law program from reputed law schools like Faculty of Law, Delhi, NLSUI Bangalore, NALSAR Hyderabad etc usually get lucrative job offers from top law firms and ITES firms.
Candidates also opt to start their own practice. It is important to note that all law graduates who wish to practise in the courts have to register themselves in the Bar Council of India (BCI) and practice in courts under senior lawyers. Practical training in cour t can enhance your chances of getting hired by top law firms and with senior lawyers. Though most of the law colleges i m p a r t p r a c t ic a l leg a l e d u c a t io n to f inal year students, but students should themselves take initiative and start visiting court proceedings in the final year to understand the day-today affair.
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RESEARCH Module 1 A detailed template was sent to over 180 law colleges/universities offering undergraduate and post-graduate degrees across India to measure several parameters. The template we sent collected factual data over several key areas.
Module 2 The responses were recorded and a sample survey was conducted in select Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities to verify those responses.
Module 3 An assessment was made to find out the individual score secured by colleges on respective parameters based on the responses received on the template we sent. To top that, we also did a secondary research to ensure that we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t miss out on other colleges/ universities who failed to send us their responses.
Module 4 The individual scores of the colleges/ universities under the primary and secondary research and their scores are evaluated.
Module 5 On the basis of the cumulative scores, the colleges/universities were divided into categories based on their percentile and were median-rated in the form of stars. Excellent Very Good Good Satisfactory Average Below Average
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CareerConnect Presents
Best LAW OF IND
CareerConnect lists down the Best Law Colleges/Universities in this special issue and informed decisions. The NLUs are inherent in this list, making it an extensive list coverin rating colleges have been highly appreciated by students and Name of College NATIONAL LAW SCHOOL OF INDIA UNIVERSITY - [NLSIU] FACULTY OF LAW, UNIVERSITY OF DELHI NATIONAL ACADEMY OF LEGAL STUDIES AND RESEARCH - [NALSAR] GUJARAT NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY - [GNLU] WEST BENGAL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF JURIDICAL SCIENCES - [NUJS] THE NATIONAL LAW INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY - [NLIU] SYMBIOSIS LAW SCHOOL - [SLS] INDIAN LAW SOCIETY LAW COLLEGE - [ILS] JINDAL GLOBAL LAW SCHOOL - [JGLS] NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY - [NLUJ] NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF ADVANCED LEGAL STUDIES - [NUALS] FACULTY OF LAW, BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY SINHGAD LAW COLLEGE NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY - [NLUD] AMITY LAW SCHOOL - [ALS] RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LAW - [RGNUL] HIDAYATULLAH NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY - [HNLU] DR RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY - [RMLNLU] FACULTY OF LAW, JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE ARMY INSTITUTE OF LAW - [AIL] FACULTY OF LAW, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY BHARATI VIDYAPEETH’S NEW LAW COLLEGE -[NLC] CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF LAW, UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY LAW COLLEGE, BANGALORE UNIVERSITY TAMIL NADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY - [TNDALU] MS RAMAIAH COLLEGE OF LAW - [MSRCL] SHARDA UNIVERSITY SULTAN-UL-ULOOM COLLEGE OF LAW NIRMA UNIVERSITY DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF LAW ITM UNIVERSITY SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF LAW KLE SOCIETY’S LAW COLLEGE 20 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
City Bengaluru New Delhi Hyderabad Gandhi Nagar Kolkata Bhopal Pune Pune Sonepat Jodhpur Kochi Varanasi Pune New Delhi Noida Patiala Raipur Lucknow New Delhi Mumbai Mohali Hyderabad Pune Patna Kolkata Bengaluru Chennai Bengaluru Noida Hyderabad Ahmedabaad Visakhapatnam Gurgaon Tirupati Bengaluru
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COLLEGES IA 2016
d rates them on a scale of one to five stars in an attempt to help concerned students make ng both private and government law institutes across the country. Our past endeavours of parents and we believe this list too will have a similar impact. Name of College UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF LEGAL STUDIES BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL STUDIES - [BILS] DHENKANAL LAW COLLEGE KC LAW COLLEGE JALPAIGURI LAW COLLEGE ALLIANCE COLLEGE OF LAW NVP LAW COLLEGE SOUTH CALCUTTA LAW COLLEGE HALDIA LAW COLLEGE BENGALURU LAW COLLEGE MAHATMA GANDHI LAW COLLEGE SIDDHARTH LAW COLLEGE DAYANAND COLLEGE OF LAW JC COLLEGE OF LAW JANHIT COLLEGE OF LAW NAVJEEVAN LAW COLLEGE PS RAJU LAW COLLEGE PATNA LAW COLLEGE BRAJA MOHAN THAKUR LAW COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) VIVEKANANDA LAW COLLEGE HLM GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS KASHMIR LAW COLLEGE UNIVERSITY LAW COLLEGE AKK NEW LAW ACADEMY DEPARTMENT OF LAWS RASHTRASANT TUKADOJI MAHARAJ NAGPUR UNIVERSITY - [RTMNU] VT CHOKSI SARVAJANIK LAW COLLEGE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED FINANCIAL ANALYSTS OF INDIA UNIVERSITY [ICFAI] GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE BABA KUNDAN SINGH MEMORIAL LAW COLLEGE - [BKSMLC] DR. PANJABRAO DESHMUKH COLLEGE OF LAW SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW J.V.JAIN COLLEGE DAITA SRIRAMULU HINDU COLLEGE OF LAW - [DSR] KERALA LAW ACADEMY - [KLA]
City Chandigarh Bengaluru Dhenkanal Jammu Jalpaiguri Bengaluru Visakhapatnam Kolkata Medinipur Bengaluru Hyderabad Gandhi Nagar Latur Guntur Noida Nashik Kakinada Patna Purnia Puttur Ghaziabad Srinagar Bhubaneswar Pune Chandigarh Nagpur Surat West Tripura Madurai Moga Amravati Chennai Saharanpur Machilipatnam Thiruvananthapuram
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Name of College HOOGLY MOHSIN COLLEGE SRI R.K.M. LAW COLLEGE VIDYODAYA LAW COLLEGE CHHAJU RAM LAW COLLEGE BMS COLLEGE OF LAW DOGRA LAW COLLEGE GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE GOPALDAS JHAMATMAL ADVANI LAW COLLEGE - [GJALC] SS JAIN SUBODH LAW COLLEGE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LAW SARSUNA LAW COLLEGE MANGALDAI LAW COLLEGE TEZPUR LAW COLLEGE MADHUSUDAN LAW COLLEGE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF STUDY AND RESEARCH IN LAW (NUSRL) SNEHANGSHU KANTA ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF LAW DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE ANAND LAW COLLEGE MANIKCHAND PAHADE LAW COLLEGE JORHAT LAW COLLEGE PES MODERN LAW COLLEGE BIHAR INSTITUTE OF LAW - [BIL] PADALA RAMI REDDY LAW COLLEGE DAMODARAM SANJIVAYYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY - [DSNLU] DISPUR LAW COLLEGE NEF LAW COLLEGE AL AMEEN LAW COLLEGE NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY AND JUDICIAL ACADEMY - [NLUJAA] NARI GURSAHANI LAW COLLEGE - [NGLC] GUJARAT UNIVERSITY - [GU] UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW Renaissance Law College, TISS VAIKUNTA BALIGA COLLEGE OF LAW - [VBCLAW] BISHOP COTTON WOMENS CHRISTIAN LAW COLLEGE SRI ESHWAR REDDY COLLEGE OF LAW SMT SHANTI DEVI LAW COLLEGE CAREER COLLEGE OF LAW GEETA INSTITUTE OF LAW - [GIL] SHRI RAM COLLEGE OF LAW - [SRCL] GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE NEW LAW COLLEGE CHOTANAGPUR LAW COLLEGE - [CLC] VIDYASTHALI LAW COLLEGE BHAI GURDAS COLLEGE OF LAW HURAKADLI AJJA LAW COLLEGE S.K.J. LAW COLLEGE CHANDERPRABHU JAIN COLLEGE OF HIGHER STUDIES AND SCHOOL OF LAW GOVIND RAMNATH KARE COLLEGE OF LAW ADARSHA LAW COLLEGE TEERTHANKER MAHAVEER COLLEGE OF LAW VISAKHA LAW COLLEGE INDORE INSTITUTE OF LAW LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN - [LCD] 22 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
City Hooghly Chittoor Tumkur Hisar Bengaluru Jammu Thiruchirapalli Mumbai Jaipur Dharwad Kolkata Marigaon Sonitpur Cuttack Ranchi Skail Pondicherry Anand Aurangabad Jorhat Pune Patna Hyderabad Visakhapatnam Guwahati Guwahati Bengaluru Guwahati Mumbai Ahmedabad Lucknow Indore Udupi Bengaluru Tirupati Rewari Bhopal Panipat Muzaffarnagar Coimbatore Sangli Ranchi Jaipur Sangrur Dharwad Muzaffarpur New Delhi South Goa Warangal Moradabad Visakhapatnam Indore Dehradun
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Name of College SBRR MAHAJANA LAW COLLEGE INDIRA PRIYADARSHINI LAW COLLEGE VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF LAW IMS UNISON UNIVERSITY - [IUU] SRI DHARMASTHALA MANJUNATHESHWARA LAW COLLEGE - [SDM] CHANAKYA LAW COLLEGE DECCAN EDUCATION SOCIETY’S NAVALMAL FIRODIA LAW COLLEGE - [DES SNFLC] RAJA LAKHAMGOUDA LAW COLLEGE BIMAL CHANDRA COLLEGE OF LAW - [BCCL] DR. AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF LAW ISMAIL SAHEB MULLA LAW COLLEGE SIDDHARTHA LAW COLLEGE VEERAVALLI COLLEGE OF LAW K C LAW COLLEGE KCL INSTITUTE OF LAWS M KRISHNA LAW COLLEGE JB LAW COLLEGE ALTIUS INSTITUTE OF UNIVERSAL STUDIES GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE ST WILFREDS COLLEGE OF LAW JAGAN NATH UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS BABA SAHEB BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR LAW COLLEGE - [BSBRALC] GANJAM LAW COLLEGE SESHADRIPURAM LAW COLLEGE VIDYAVARDHAKA LAW COLLEGE - [VVLC] PES LAW COLLEGE
City Mysuru Prakasam Bengaluru Dehradun Mangaluru Udham Singh Nagar Pune Belgaum Murshidabad Mumbai Satara Dehradun Rajahmundhry Mumbai Jalandhar Hassan Guwahati Indore Thiruvananthapuram Jaipur Jaipur Chennai Lucknow Ganjam Bengaluru Mysuru Mandya
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SPECIAL FEATURE
All you need to know about CLAT With the emergence of world class institution in the form of National Law Universities, law has become one of the most popular career options and with that, the competition increases every year. Tariq Ahmed lists down the A to Zs about the Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) in an attempt to help students make better choices in the field of law.
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SPECIAL FEATURE
required. All the mentioned sections should be practiced keeping in mind the time constraints.
The Eligibility Only Indian nationals and NRIs can appear in the test. The foreign nationals desirous of taking admission to any course in any of the participating law universities may directly contact the concerned university having seats for foreign nationals. The eligibility requirements are as follows: Undergraduate Courses Students with Senior Secondary School/ Intermediate (10+2) or its equivalent certificate from a recognised board with not less than 45 per cent marks in aggregate (40 per cent in case of SC and ST candidates) can appear for the test. Students whose results are awaited may also apply. Post Graduate Courses Students with LLB/BL Degree or an equivalent degree from a recognised university with not less than 55 per cent marks in aggregate (50 per cent in case of SC and ST candidates) can appear for the test. The candidates who have passed the qualifying degree examination through supplementary/ compartment and repeat attempts are also eligible for appearing in the test and taking admission provided that such candidates will have to produce the proof of having passed the qualifying examination with 55- 50 per cent marks, as the case may be, on the date of their admission or within the time allowed by the respective universities.
The Syllabus
1. English including comprehensionT he English sect ion w ill test t he candidates’ proficiency in English based on comprehension passages and grammar. In the comprehension section, candidates will be questioned on their understanding of the passage and its central theme, meanings of words used therein etc. The grammar section requires correction of incorrect grammatical sentences, filling of blanks in sentences with appropriate words, etc. Books to read: Word Power Made Easy by Norman Lewis Objective General English by R. S. Aggarwal
are various prepara“There tion courses for CLAT, spanning from two years preparation to one year and even one and a half months.
“
C
ommon Law Admission Test or CLAT, as it is commonly referred to, is a centralised test for ad m ission to 17 prom i nent Nat ional Law Universities in India. It also refers to a non-statutory body created under a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the convenience of the students seeking admission to various National Law Universities in the country. An entrance test is conducted to provide a list of candidates on the basis of ‘meritcum-preference’ to each university for admission to their UG/PG programmes, as per the eligibility, reservation and other criteria laid down under the respective statutes of the participating u n ive r sit ie s . T h e C o m m o n L aw Admission Test is an all India entrance examination, conducted in rotation by 17 National Law Universities (NLUs) for admissions to their Under-Graduate and Post-Graduate degree programmes. The preparation of CLAT is very exhaustive. Over the years due to the increase in the number of students opting for the exam, the level of competition has increased considerably. Due to the factors of competition and open syllabus, most students prefer to prepare under proper guidance. There are various preparation courses span ning f rom t wo years preparation to one year and even one and a half months. Therefore if a student would considering law as a career and is desirous of joining a top law university, it is better to do in-depth preparation. Long term preparation programs are better as they help students to gain momentum to do in-depth preparation. Having said that, it is not that the intensive course does not have students securing top ranks, it’s just that the academic pressure is considerably more. One of the main aspects that would help you to prepare for the exam is to develop a habit of maintaining notes related to current affairs. The static general knowledge requires relevant material in histor y, geog raphy, economics and general sciences and a proper understanding of basic legal concepts and legal reasoning, along with basic and advanced concepts of analytical and critical reasoning. Quantitative aptitudes consisting of class X level concepts are
2. General Knowledge and Currents AffairsA s fa r a s ge ne r a l k nowle d ge is concerned, the candidates will be tested on their general awareness including static general knowledge. Questions on current affairs will test candidates on their knowledge of current affairs. Books to read: Manorama Yearbook Quick Reference General Knowledge 3. MathematicsThis section will test candidate’s knowledge of elementary mathematics, i.e. mathematics taught up to Class X. Books to read: Quantitative Aptitude For Competitive Examinations by R. S. Aggarwal Quantitative Aptitude For Competitive Exam 5th Edition by Abhijit Guha 4. Legal AptitudeThis section will test candidate’s interest towards study of law, research aptitude and problem solving ability. Questions will be framed with the help of legal propositions (described in the paper), and a set of facts to which the said proposition has to be applied. Some propositions may not be “true” in the real sense and may only be used for indicative purposes. Candidates will have to assume the “truth” of these propositions and answer the questions accordingly. Books to read: Legal Apt it u de For T he CL AT Wor k b o o k: A Wor k b o o k b y A . P. Bhardwaj 5. Logical ReasoningThe purpose of the logical reasoning section is to test the candidate’s ability to identify patterns, logical links and rectify illogical arguments. It will include a wide variety of logical reasoning questions such as syllogisms, logical sequences, analogies, etc. However, visual reasoning will not be tested. Books to read: A Mo de r n Ap pro a ch To L og ic al Reasoning By R. S. Aggarwal Analytical Reasoning by M. K. Pandey September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 25
SPECIAL FEATURE
The Universities
The Pattern For UG Courses The two hour-long duration paper will consist of 200 multiple answer type questions. Each question will carry only one mark. There will be a provision for 25 per cent negative marking for every wrong answer. The questions will be asked from the following areas: • Reasoning – 40 Q • Legal Aptitude – 50 Q • English & Comprehension – 40 Q • Elementary Mathematics – 20 Q • General Knowledge and Current Affairs – 50 Q
For PG Courses The question paper will consist of 150 multiple choice questions. Thus the paper will consist of total 150 marks and the duration of two hours. Each correct answer will be awarded with one mark. The candidate must note that for every objective type question, 0.25 marks to every wrong answer will be deducted. The paper will comprise in the questions from the following areas: • Constitutional Law – 50 Q • Jurisprudence – 50 Q • Other law subjects – 50 Q
The Tips and Tricks There is just one ground rule for CLAT counseling: All the candidates must give their preferences just as if they have been ranked first and have equal chance of getting any NLU. In other words, start from NLSIU at the top and go according to whichever preference order you rank the NLUs in. Please do not believe that since you have a lower rank, you don’t stand a chance of getting a ‘higher’ NLU and therefore you should mark another NLU as your first choice. It does not work that way. This is what CLAT Committee does: It will see what first rank holder has chosen as his (or her) first choice. That will be allotted to him or her. Then what has second rank holder chosen as his/her first choice. And so on till it reaches the candidate, who has marked NLSIU as first choice, but cannot get it, since all the NLSIU seats have been filled. Then CLAT Committee will allot that candidate his or her second choice. However, marking a ‘lower’ NLU as your higher preference has this shortcoming. If, say, you have marked NUJS, although you prefer NALSAR better, but know that your current rank is not high enough to get it. That way, even if subsequently, one of the NALSAR seats get vacated, or say, the candidate ranked ahead of you wants to study at NUJS over NALSAR and therefore has ranked NALSAR as lower, thus freeing one NALSAR seat, you’ll still end up not getting it, since you have ranked NALSAR lower. The counseling will take place according to ranks. When your turn comes, no matter whether you have marked the NLU that you are going to get as first or seventh position, you’re still going to be allotted that, provided the seats in ‘higher’ NLUs have been filled. 26 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
T he a d m is sion t o t he fol low i ng 17 Nat ional Law Un ive r sit ie s is through CLAT: (The admission to NLU Delhi is through the AILET exam) National Law School of India University, Bengaluru (NLSIU) National Academy of Legal Study and Research University of Law, Hyderabad (NALSAR) The National Law Institute University, Bhopal (NLIU) The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata (WBNUJS) National Law University, Jodhpur (NLUJ) Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur (HNLU) Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar (GNLU) Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow (RMLNLU) Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Punjab (RGNUL) Chanakya National Law University, Patna (CNLU) The National University of Advanced Legal Studies, Kochi (NUALS) National Law University, Odisha, Cuttack (NLUO) National University of Study and Research in Law, Ranchi (NUSRL) National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam (NLUJAA) Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University, Visakhapatnam (DSNLU) Tamil Nadu National Law School, Tiruchirappalli (TNNLS) Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai (MNLU)
SPECIAL FEATURE
The Aces Kosheel Gupta CLAT 2014 AIR#3 “My overall score was 170.25. The only strategy I adopted was to stay relaxed, go easy, be confident and manage the time well in the exam. I believed in my hard work and had confidence in my preparation. I would like to share the three basic points, be confident, relax and believe in your hard work. Also, I would ask them to abstain from any last minute preparations, as it is very much important to stay calm and relaxed just before the examination.” Sreeja Pal CLAT 2016 AIR#9 “I scored 170.25 marks in CLAT 2016. This year, from January 2016 onwards, I have taken as many as 50-60 mock tests. In my understanding, mock tests are very helpful as they are the real evaluative tools for analysing your preparation level. You need to take a variety of mock tests on a regular basis, beginning from mini-tests to assessment and sectional tests to full leng th mocks. Moreover, one needs to ta ke mock tes ts based on different paper patterns including GMAT, LSAT, CLAT and AILET, since CLAT is pretty unpredictable. It’s imperative that a law aspirant analyses his/her mock tests score and work towards improvement of the weak areas.”
Atharv Gupta CLAT 2016 AIR#7 “Since I took CLAT last year too therefore I already knew the online test pattern and had completed most of the CLAT syllabus. Beginning with my stronger sections like English, Mathematics and Legal Aptitude, I would practice with the previous years’ question papers of different law exams. My next strategy was to stay updated with current affairs and revise General Knowledge section, which I assume to be imperative for cracking the common law admission test. Moreover, I would also study the different ‘legal jargons’ for Legal Knowledge section besides keeping an eye on the recent updates on the various court cases of national impor tance. A long w ith a l l these revisions and updates, I used to take reg u lar mock tes ts and ana ly se my mistakes.”
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FEATURE
Law
An Honourable Career Choice
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FEATURE
Of late, Law in India has become one of the most preferred and sought after career options. Students across India are gearing up to get admission in law schools and are preparing for difficult and tricky law entrance exams. But, before pursuing a full-fledged five year law program, an aspirant should learn about the difference between the most opted disciplines of law like Criminal Law, Civil Law and Corporate Law. Ritika Arora Bhola with the help of experts finds out the difference between various laws being practiced in India. September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 29
FEATURE Mit Chowdhury Corporate Lawyer, Jubilant Footworks Ltd
“There is tremendous scope and growth for corporate law in India in this modern era. Any company will be dependent on its corporate lawyers to highlight risks so that business calls can be taken by way of minimising risks. A corporate lawyer is like a wall of defence for a company.”
L
ately, law in India has become a promising career option as it not only offers lucrative job opportunities but also offer attractive salary packages. To start a career in law, aspirants have to enroll into five-year BA LLB course right after Class 12. One has to score at least 50 per cent marks in 12th standard and clear few written tests depending on the colleges they are opting for. One must note that pursuing law is not easy; one has to work really hard and get well-versed with the Indian law and amendments. There is no scope for mistakes as it involves individuals’ life and well-being. There are many options for aspirants to choose from, depending on one’s interest and inclination – cyber law, corporate business law, entertainment law, criminal law, civil law, labour and election law, intellectual property law to name a few. Law schools do not expect you to know what kind of law you want to practice before you matriculate. Still, it is a good idea to learn about various types of laws being practiced in the country well before you decide to submit law
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school applications. Here, Career Connect discusses in-depth about the most sought after law disciplines namely – Corporate law, Civil law and Criminal law, which have attracted many youngsters over the years.
What is Civil Law?
Civil law mainly deals with the disputes between individuals, organisations, or between the two individuals, in which compensation is awarded to the victim. Here, the cases are filed by the private parties and claimant must give proof. Such cases are filed for landlord/tenant disputes, divorce proceedings, child custody proceedings, property disputes, personal injury, etc. The type of punishment here includes compensation, usually financial, for injuries or damages. Either party (claimant or defendant) can appeal a court’s decision. In cases of civil law, the opinion of the jury may not have to be unanimous. Laws vary by state and country. Juries are present almost exclusively in criminal cases; vir t ually never involved in civil actions.
What is Criminal Law?
Criminal law is a great career option for students and there are plenty of job opportunities as white collar crimes like antitrust violations, bankruptcy, fraud, credit card fraud, healthcare fraud, environmental law violations, computer and internet fraud, insurance fraud, phone and telemarketing fraud, mail fraud, tax evasion, financial fraud, government fraud and securities fraud are on the rise in India. Criminal law usually focuses on behaviors that are sanctioned under criminal code and prosecutors and are defined as illegal. District Attorneys sanction illegal behavior, while criminal defense lawyers represent clients accused of criminal activity. Both prosecution and defense professionals deal with issues of individual liberty, basic rights, and responsibilities. Every now and then there are scams and it’s exciting to deal with various aspects of human nature while handling different cases. Addressing the same, Delhi-based Rajeev Kumar Malik, Criminal Lawyer at Malik & Associates opines, “India is a country with huge land and population
FEATURE Rajeev Kumar Malik Criminal Lawyer at Malik & Associates
“India needs more effective tools in criminal laws to deliver effective and penetrative Criminal Justice System to nail down the offenders committing criminal offenses. Hence, in my view, the scope of criminal laws with more deterrence, nails and teeth is the need of the hour.” which creates a diversified society with diversified financial status. The reasons for diversification in financial status of people are mainly due to poverty, illiteracy, geographical reasons, low access to resources etc. With the rapidly changing times and lifestyles, the financial gap has worsened the position and thus the crimes have increased day by day. The steep rise of economy of the country has led to economic offenses and the new lifestyle of digital and virtual techniques have led to cyber related offenses. All these factors have made criminal law more and more relevant. Today, India needs more effective tools in criminal laws to deliver effective and penetrative Criminal Justice System to nail down the offenders committing criminal offenses. Hence, in my view, the scope of criminal laws with more deterrence, nails and teeth is the need of the hour. Talking about the skills required to be a criminal lawyer, Malik shares, “To be a good lawyer one needs to be a good orator and he/she should have control over mind and soul. To be a good criminal lawyer one needs to be more precise, concise and penetrative and have good presence of mind because in Criminal Justice System it is not only about monetary or reputation which is at stake, rather, it is one’s life and body at stake. India has diversified culture and is known for more than 25 local languages. Given this scenario of being a Criminal Lawyer in India the skills required are that the lawyer should be well-versed with the local ethics of the Indian society. He should be well-versed with local dialects for more penetration and acquaintances to the facts of case in hand. Knowledge of local language makes a lawyer perfect.”
police and other investigating agencies. The working hours are long and one has to be ready for phone calls at any time in the day or night since personal liberty, its deprivation through arrest or detention have no time. Also, at the start of a criminal case, the clients are desperate for relief and there may be a quick change of lawyers which can be quite disheartening. One has to be ready to face all these issues that can happen at any stage of one’s career.
Tips to Become Successful Criminal Lawyer
One needs to be willing to put in hard work, dedicated, have tonnes of stamina and loads of patience and perseverance. These four qualities and integrity are fundamental to a successful career in criminal law. People believe that criminal law involves limited
drafting and that the workload is not heavy. But be it a trial strategy, a bail or a crossexamination, one has to put in long hours of research before work begins in court. If you are not dedicated to this profession, this may not be the right career for you. Students, who aspire to be successful criminal lawyers, must spend one to two years in civil trial work and at least one to two hours in a trial court doing criminal trials as it is essential. Successful criminal lawyer should possess a master’s degree in criminal law or criminology and also have a fair understanding of forensics, scientific tests or techniques used in connection with the detection of crime.
What is Corporate Law?
Corporate law involves the formation,
Challenges faced by Criminal Lawyers
Most litigations have a long gestation cycle. One not only has to prepare to argue the case in court but also interact with the September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 31
FEATURE Dewa Paljor Legal Consultant, Morepen Group
“A corporate lawyer must have strong analytic skills, should have attention to detail, have good interpersonal skills and be an excellent negotiator. A keen understanding of the business, corporate and commercial laws is a must. It is crucial to keep a track on the latest developments in corporate and allied laws.” dissolution, and all other legal aspects of the administration of corporations. Typical duties of corporate lawyers include mergers, acquisitions, internal reorganisation, or disputes between corporations and individuals concerning liability, patents, and compliance with state and federal law, as well as international accords. A legal professional whose sole client is a corporation is generally known as in-house counsel. Mit Chowdhury, Corporate Lawyer, Jubilant Footworks Ltd talks about the scope for corporate lawyers and skills required to be a corporate lawyer in India. He says, “There is tremendous scope
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and growth for corporate law in India in this modern era. Any company will be dependent on its corporate lawyers to highlight risks so that business calls can be taken by way of minimising risks. A corporate lawyer is like a wall of defense for a company.” He continues, “Apart from the LLB degree, you require to be a sharp thinker and be able to express him or herself in a clear manner. You need to keep yourself updated with the latest industry trends affecting your business and be dynamic enough to think of ways and means to mitigate risk.” Agreeing with Chowdhury, Dewa
Paljor, Legal Consultant, Morepen Group asserts, “In a fast growing economy such as India Corporate law is growing at an exponential rate. Yet it is in a transition phase. There is a constantly growing demand for corporate lawyers in the industry. Corporate lawyers are now playing an active role in handling business operations and can be said to be more than just lawyers. Economic liberalisation has ensured that corporate law becomes more prominent in the wake of increasing business and economic churning in India. The current dispensation’s steps to make India a hub of business activities have catapulted the ease of doing business in India to new heights. The country is in need of efficient cor porate law yers as t ransactional lawyers play a key role in the formation of businesses and prevent them from running into regulatory and litigation related headwinds.” Stressing on the skills required to be a criminal lawyer, he adds, “Needless to say, a corporate lawyer must have strong analytic skills, should have attention to detail, have good interpersonal skills and be an excellent negotiator. A keen understanding of the business, corporate and commercial laws is a must. It is very important to have industry specific knowledge as a corporate lawyer needs to be alert in almost all the aspects of the business. It is crucial to keep a track on the latest developments in corporate and allied laws. A specialisation in fields such as competition laws, securities regulations, mergers and acquisitions, accounting, corporate taxation, and corporate finance, international and regional trade law, global finance, intellectual property and legal ethics etc would surely give an edge to a candidate seeking a career in corporate laws.”
FEATURE
Civil Law versus Criminal Law If you are accused of a crime or involved in any kind of litigation, you may need to hire a criminal lawyer or a civil lawyer. Therefore, it is important for you to understand the difference between different lawyers and attorneys (criminal and civil). Hiring inexperienced or wrong lawyer will only increase the problems. Enlisted below are few differences between a civil lawyer and a criminal lawyer for law aspirants and public use: 1. Civil lawyers represent clients in lawsuits, while criminal lawyers work within the criminal justice system. Different evidence rules and standards apply for criminal lawyers, and lawyers generally do not practice both civil and criminal law. 2. A victim has to hire a civil lawyer, while the state can press charges in criminal court even without the victim’s cooperation. If a prosecutor believes a crime was committed, he or she can press charges against the criminal without the consent or cooperation of the victim. A negligence lawsuit, however, will not be brought unless the person injured by the negligence (the plaintiff) decides to sue. 3. Defendants in civil lawsuits are not entitled to a lawyer provided by the court. This means, if you are sued, you have to hire and pay for your own lawyer. The court is not obligated to provide one in a private lawsuit. 4. Those accused of a crime are entitled to a public defender or lawyer; those sued are not entitled to a public defender. Under the Sixth Amendment, the court must provide accused criminals with an attorney if they can’t afford to hire one on their own. 5. Civil lawyers represent clients where only money is at stake. In a civil lawsuit, the only remedy is monetary damages. In other words, no one will be sent to jail as a result of losing a civil suit. 6. Criminal lawyers must deal with a different burden of proof. In criminal courts, the prosecutor must prove his case beyond a reasonable doubt. In civil courts, the plaintiff’s attorney only must prove that the defendant’s negligence more likely than not caused damages. 7. Civil lawyers can charge on a contingency fee basis while criminal lawyers can’t. It is
not legal for criminal lawyers to agree to charge money only if they win their cases. This type of fee structure is common in civil suits though. 8. Civil lawyers can represent either plaintiffs or defendants while criminal lawyers represent only defendant. A criminal defense attorney works only for an accused defendant; the person who prosecutes the case must be employed by the government and is generally referred to either as a “prosecutor” or as a “district attorney.” 9. Civil lawyers and criminal lawyers must meet different standards to win case. Civil lawyers generally need to prove negligence
and that the negligence proximately caused the damages. In a criminal case, the burden is on the prosecutors to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt; criminal lawyers must raise enough doubt that a judge or jury could not find the defendant guilty. 10. Civil and criminal lawyers have a different process of preparing for case. In a civil suit, both sides are entitled to discovery. That means the plaintiff and defendant are both required to turn over the information about the case to each other. For discovery in a criminal case, however, the defense can limit what the prosecution sees to protect the defendant from self-incrimination.
September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 33
FEATURE
The
Legal The legal field holds hundreds of legal career options encompassing a diverse range of skills, experience and education. Developments in the law and technology are also creating new legal career opportunities. Nicin Varghese tracks the emerging career options in law in India.
34 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
FEATURE
Why law?â&#x20AC;? I asked one of my friends who is a law student. Her answer was something new for me. She said, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Because from criminal defense to copyright law, it gives immense variety of career options.â&#x20AC;? I, like most of us, only knew about two streams of law, criminal and civil. But the conversation we had was an eyeopener for me to explore the various career streams for a lawyer. From the historical days itself, law was treated as a glorified career. Initially, it was considered as a family career. The members of a few families used to take in charge of the judicial scene in India. But today, law is one of the most preferred and sought after career options. Law is an intellectually challenging, personally fulfilling and financially rewarding profession. A law yer is an honou red professional as well as an opinion leader. Many people assume that any lawyer will be able to provide whatever law services they need. But my law friend was telling me this is not the case. Ultimately, every lawyer deals with law but technically it is impossible for a single lawyer to provide effective legal service over all streams of law. Just like doctors, engineers and any other professionals, lawyers also have the opportunity to specialise in different branches of law. Below is the list of most common types of specializations lawyers pursue;
Corporate or Business Lawyers
Every company needs a lawyer. A corporate lawyer works for corporations to see if all the transactions entered into by a corporation meet legal bounds. These lawyers focus on basic legal tasks such as forming your company and will work on all types of business needs from employment issues to tax compliance. There are business transactional lawyers and business litigation lawyers as well. Business transactional lawyers handle transactions such as negotiating deals and drafting documents while business litigation lawyers handle your lawsuits such as when someone sues your company for violating the terms of contract. Big corporations usually hire their own private corporate lawyer, who will work solely for them, but corporate lawyers can practice privately to handle multiple accounts. Their primary objective is to serve the interests of the corporation, not the owners of the business or the officers who run it. In addition to legal counsel, they may also be called upon to provide business advice. They may practice other areas of law concerning mergers and acquisitions, trademarks, tax law, bankruptcy, employment, securities, real estate or international commercial law.
Employment Lawyer
Employment lawyers handle all legal disputes that may arise between the employer and employee so that the rights of an employee can be protected, in terms of wages, job security and other employment law related cases. They make sure businesses are complying with state and federal labour laws. Much like corporate lawyers, there are both litigation and transactional employment lawyers.Employment litigators are the ones who go to court to argue when or if a business violated the terms of an employment contract or state law, while transactional employment lawyers deal more with drafting the employment
September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 35
FEATURE
Finance and Securities Lawyer
Finance and Securities lawyers only operate in a very specific sector of law. They tend to deal with issues relating to banks and individuals issuing money, or to companies selling stock.
Mergers and Acquisitions Lawyer
Mergers and acquisition (M&A) lawyers deal with the buying and selling of companies.The buying and selling of major companies can be a very long and complex process which usually involves a team of lawyers. M&A lawyers tend to be very well-versed in finance and securities laws, as well as tax law, to make sure they structure the deals, purchase or sale of their clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s company correctly.
Intellectual Property Lawyer
Intellectual Property or IP lawyers
36 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
deal with anything having to do with protecting intellectual property, that is intangible property. The three major areas of law within intellectual property are copyright, trademark, and patent. Some IP lawyers just focus on copyright and trademark issues, while others just focus on patent issues. Patent law is one area that requires further licensing than just a regular law degree and also requires a technical background such as one in engineering, software development, chemistry, or life sciences. Since IP laws are all very technical and different from each other, lawyers do not tend to handle all of these issues. However, IP law firms will have a team of lawyers who can help you with any of them. Like most areas of law, there are normal IP lawyers and IP litigators. The normal IP lawyers help with all the filings required to protect your IP, while litigators are the ones who go to court to battle who owns what IP and how much that IP protects the individual in a given dispute.
Family Lawyer
Family lawyers, as the name suggests, is a lawyer who focuses on issues that mat ter at the domestic front.
Business transactional lawâ&#x20AC;&#x153;yers handle business related transactions while business litigation lawyers handle your lawsuits.
â&#x20AC;&#x153;
documents themselves when an employee is being hired. Some employment lawyers do both litigation and transactional work.
You can consult a family lawyer for issues like divorce, child custody and child support, separation, domestic abuse, dowry cases, pre-nuptial arrangements, etc. A family lawyer also supports a couple during the adoption process of a child. This field can be saturated with emotions and life-changing decisions. T herefore, a divorce law yer must delicately, yet justly handle a wide variety of family law issues. They are also called divorce attorneys or family practice lawyers.
FEATURE
Estate planning lawyers make sure your family dealings are all in order if or when something goes wrong. Their tasks range from creating trusts for a child’s college fund to drafting a will so your assets get distributed appropriately to the members of your family when you die. However, there are instances where people do not have a will and their assets have to go through Probate (court that decides what happens to your assets after death if you don’t have a will). In these instances, there is a subset of family lawyers, called Probate Lawyers, who argue where and how those assets are distributed.
Tax Lawyer
Tax lawyers usually help businesses and individuals comply with state and federal laws when filing their tax returns. However, a larger proportion of these lawyers actually go to court to defend you if the Government audits you and you face potential jail time or significant fines. Most individual tax lawyers also work in estate planning in some fashion unless they work in the tax department of a large corporation.
Criminal Lawyer Criminal lawyers, also known as criminal defense lawyers and public defenders, defend individuals, organizations and entities that have been charged with a crime. Criminal lawyers handle a diverse spectrum of criminal cases, ranging from domestic violence crimes, sex crimes, violent crimes and drug crimes to driving under the inf luence (DUI), theft, embezzlement and fraud. Criminal defense lawyers help defend people accused of committing a crime against prosecution by the government, with the goal of reducing their sentencing or helping them stay out of jail. Their scope of practice includes bail bond hearings, plea bargains, trial, revocation hearings (parole or probation), appeals and postconviction remedies.
Traffic Lawyer
Traffic lawyers will go to court on your behalf to fight traffic citations or give you advice about whether you have a chance to get out of a speeding ticket or violation for running a red light. They work with judges and prosecutors to get your charges dropped or reduced. They will help you avoid high fines and other penalties associated with your
A divorce lawyer must “delicately, yet justly handle
a variety of family law issues. They are called divorce attorneys or family practice. lawyers.
“
Estate Planning Lawyer
ticket and keep you from losing your driver’s license.
Personal Injury Lawyer
The law defines personal injury as an injury to the body, mind, or emotions. This is in contrast to an injur y to property. Personal injury (PI) lawyers are the types of lawyers that deal with accidents and injuries of any nature. They provide legal representation to those who claim to have been injured, physically or psychologically, as a result of the negligence or wrongdoing of another person, company, government agency, or other entity. Personal injury lawyers get involved when you are in a car accident, a doctor misdiagnoses an illness, you had side effects from a prescribed drug that they didn’t warn you about, you were injured by a defective product, and more.
September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 37
FEATURE
Bankruptcy Lawyer
A bankruptcy lawyer’s primary focus is to assist client s t h roug h cou r t proceedings to reduce or eliminate debt or to proceed forward with bankruptcy. A bankr uptcy lawyer’s clients may be individuals or corporations. They may represent individual or corporate d e bt o r s , i n d iv id u a l o r c o r p o r a t e creditors, creditors’ committees, and bankruptcy trustees.
Digital Media and Internet Lawyer
The development of the Internet opened up a whole new realm of law. The Digital Media and Inter net Practice group advises on issues relating to the growing use of digital technology in a wide array of activities, both business and personal. The three core focus areas are new media, 38 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
privacy and data security and information management. Digital media and Internet lawyers focus on all sorts of legal issues that come into play with our use of technology and the internet. Everything from the website terms and conditions that govern our use of the internet, to privacy issues, copyright laws and issues with pirating of music and movies, and protection of children from online predators falls within the area of digital media and internet law. This area of law, like the industry in which it operates, continues to evolve and change rapidly with new technology.
Immigration Lawyer
Being an immigration lawyer is a highly specialized field. An immigration lawyer will help with anything relating to bringing a family member, employee,
or individual into the one countr y f rom another count r y. A thorough understanding of the law in general as well as a grasp and f luency in the areas of immigration, citizenship and employment set immigration lawyers apart in their field of expertise. The job of an immigration lawyer can be very fulfilling as it assists others to achieve their dream of obtaining a citizenship in a country. Apart from the above mentioned types of advocates, there are also different streams of law such as environment law, property law and international law. All these streams are equally challenging and rewarding. An aspirant law st udent should do thorough research and know their strengths and weak points before opting a particular stream. Because, each stream demands different set of qualities.
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LIFESTYLE
Approach The Mirror Before Résumé
O
The size of one’s wallet may not matter, but one’s image shall definitely cast a long spell on career. Sana Husain gives a perspective about the shift in corporate wear of men and women, that’ll take one, a step ahead, in the game.
nce you’re hired, there’s often a drive to conform and blend in with co-workers; complacency—the idea that you have the job and need no longer dress to impress—sets in as the years go by. So, frumpiness ensues. But, a radical new attitude about work wear is developing as more individuals are beginning to fend for themselves. According to a report by the National Women’s Business Council, women launch over 1,100 new businesses in the U.S. every day and generate over $1.4 trillion in revenue annually. As entrepreneurs, they are redefining the whole raison d’être of getting dressed for work. It’s less about playing by the rules and more about promoting your unique brand. Whether you are an intern on the brink of a new career or a CEO with years of experience under your belt, knowing how to present yourself to both your colleagues and external audiences is a must in today’s image-oriented society.
To decode is divine
As part of Human Rights at Work 2008 - Third Edition, The Ontario Human Rights Commission under its all stages of employment issues states that employers can have a dress code or rules about dress that meet the business needs of the organisation, as long as they comply with the Code. Rules about the dress may include having to wear a uniform or protective gear. The rules are designed to be inclusive of all employees, including men and women, people with disabilities, and anyone who needs accommodation for religious reasons. It is to make sure that any of these requirements are presented in good faith and are genuinely required to do the job. Yet, the criteria varies and changes as per the convenience of the firm in various phases of the work cycle.
The Button Game
The ‘Button Differential’ is a relic of an old tradition that we have ported into the contemporary world. Women’s and men’s shirts and jackets differ not just in terms 40 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
of how they’re cut, but also in how they’re oriented: To the person wearing them, men’s shirts have their buttons on the right, while women’s have them on the left. Every day, millions of people are walking around with these little reminders of gender inequality emblazoned on their chests. There are different theories as to why the discrepancy exists in the first place. In men’s shirts, the buttons are on the right placket, with the open flap on the left. The most common explanation comes from the fact that clothing, for wealthy men, often included weaponry. Since most men held swords in their right hands, this Quora thread explains, “it was more convenient and quicker to use their left hand for unbuttoning.” You could also see the right-button orientation as a holdover from warfare more directly. “To insure that an enemy’s lance point would not slip between the plates,” curators write in The Art of Chivalry: European Arms and Armor from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, “They overlapped from left to right, since it was standard fighting practice that the left side, protected by the shield, was turned toward the enemy. Thus, men’s jackets button left to right even to the present day.” But then, why are women’s on the left? One theory: babies. Given right-hand dominance, women tend to hold their infants in their left arms, keeping their right arms relatively free. So shirts whose open flap is on the right, one theory goes, makes it easier for them to open with those free hands for breastfeeding. Another theory: horses. Women, to the extent women rode horses, rode sidesaddle, to the right—so putting their shirt and dress buttons on the left reduced, to some extent, the breeze that would flow into their shirts as they were trotting along. Another theory: spite. The early days of industrialisation—the time when clothing manufacturing practices were becoming standardised, and coming to set some precedents for today— coincided with the early days of the women’s movement. One theory holds that manufacturers took advantage of little differences in clothing to emphasise bigger differences between the genders. The left-right button differential wasn’t, in
LIFESTYLE
that sense, so much a matter of practicality as it was one of philosophy.
Shifting Expectations of Workplace Appearance
As society often places appearance expectations on women in the form of advertisements and ridicule of celebrity looks, female employees can often feel the pressure to get their appearance just right. Unfai r associat ions bet ween appearance and work performance are more frequently made about women in the office, whether it’s their clothing, body frame, or related to makeup. Sometimes, the criticism is that women don’t look polished enough, with the general attitude being that the woman doesn’t care about their job if they aren’t wearing makeup or high heels. On the other hand, if a woman dresses her best and pays careful attention to the details of her appearance, others can assume she’s trying too hard.
Handpicking just right for a formal interview
You should be aspiring to dress one notch above what you would normally consider suitable for work. That, of course, means the job that you’re interviewing for. You could hang around the car park at clocking off time to get a clear indication of what people are wearing, but as a general rule of thumb, for both men and women , it’s going to be a suit. Suits never go out of fashion. There’s always some rock star or hell-raising actor sporting a two (or three) piece on the front page somewhere. A particular trend of the moment appears to be the shiny suit. It’s made of a cloth that looks like it could coat a frying pan and, while it’s perfectly acceptable for a wedding or a nightclub, it should not be attempted for a job interview – unless that interview happens to be for a boy band. Women You have the choice of trousers or skirt. The rule with a skirt is that the hemline should be no more than one biro length above the knee. You can’t go far wrong with black. Black is the new black after all. Navy, brown and, in the summer, a lighter plain colour are also perfectly fine. Patterns should be avoided. Add a splash of colour with a scarf, but don’t get too adventurous with the shoes. Keep heels at a sensible height. Shoes can be the
female equivalent of the shiny suit. Going for a plain blouse or one with a simple stripe is the safest option. Men Dark and sober colours are always good and cotton wins over linen, even in the summer – linen creases ridiculously easily. Shoes should be brown or black – black with a black, grey or blue suit, brown with a brown or blue suit. Avoid mixing black and brown and always go for leather, not suede. Similarly, avoid garish patterns on ties that can distract an interviewer. Ideally, the tie will complement the whole ensemble, so it should be matched with the shirt as well as the suit. It’s always easiest to go with a plain, white shirt and a nonpatterned, single-coloured tie and not one that features Captain America or Homer Simpson. The same applies to your socks and yes, the interviewer will notice.
What is Power Dressing?
The term power dressing relates to a fashion style typical of the business and politics environment of the 1970s and 1980s. Initially, power dressing consisted of a conservative style recalling directly the male wardrobe including tailored suits, jackets with padded shoulders, roll-neck sweaters and knee length skirts. With the power dressing uniform, the female body was divided in two parts: the upper part covered by a jacket to de-emphasize breasts and the bottom covered with a skirt (that was a reminder of femininity). These outfits were usually matched with feminine accessories, discreet pieces of jewelry like pearls, diamonds, gold necklaces, earrings, scarves and ruffs. Elaborate patterns such as floral prints were usually substit uted by polka, pinstripes and hound-tooth ones. As far as colors were concerned, more sober ones such as blue, black, navy and grey were commonly preferred to feminine ones like salmon pink and red. The roots of power dressing can be found in the Chanel suit of the 1920s. The Chanel suit was composed by a tight skirt and by collarless button-up jacket made of wool, usually with braid trim, metallic buttons and fitted sleeves. This suit represented a turning point in the way women dressed. In fact, it was the very first professional suit specifically thought for women, which enabled them to look modern and feminine while feeling
Designer Anita Dongre o p i n e s t h a t f a s h io n has always been about p e r s on a l ex p r e s sion . “The language and nuances change with time and generations. The definition of corporate has changed, since the culture of the word “corporate” itself has seen a sea change; from a stiff western idea of corporate to the easier start-up culture, from antiquated views of women needing to be like men and projecting masculine codes at work to being strong voices and still retaining their natural feminine self. Hence, the so-called corporate identity itself has altered. One can take a creative approach to dressing in ‘work’ mode, even if they’re wearing jeans. It’s very individualistic. Experimenting with outfits that help you feel more like yourself is the key.” comfortable. It included traditionally masculine elements which gave women a very authoritative appearance, but at the same time, it left space for a refined and sophisticated look. The most important innovation of the Chanel suit was that it was deliberately designed to adapt to the changing lifestyles of women, who were slowly entering previously all-men environments. This suit encouraged women to try to reach their professional goals by enabling comfort and mobility to fit with their independent and active lifestyles. According to the costume historian, Harold Koda, the Chanel suit allowed women of the time to desex their feminine look and to have a more masculine appearance in order to be accepted as equals in the professional sphere. ‘Casual Friday’ seems to have trumped power dressing. In the era of the ‘flat shoe’ uproars, gender equality and fluidity and hoodie-donning billionaires, it’s more about asserting your personal style than being a strict sartorial conformist. The New York City Commission on Human Rights announced new guidelines for the municipal human rights law that expressly prohibited “enforcing dress codes, uniforms, and grooming standards that impose different requirements based on sex or gender.” Mark Zuckerberg, for example, is on the record as saying that he dons the same gray T-shirt every September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 41
LIFESTYLE
day so that he can focus his energy on other decisions. Is personal expression going to trump the desire to create a corporate identity?
The freezing wave of inequality
The office shawl struggles to convey personhood, let alone power. A rug, after all, is not an item of clothing but a soft furnishing. Wearing a blanket to stay warm indoors is the equivalent of wearing a lampshade to keep your head from the midday sun. Then, there’s the question of how you wear a piece of clothing that isn’t meant to exist. Two corporate dress codes that leaked in the last few years, the comically exacting UBS dress code and IB Media’s rules, don’t discuss shawls anywhere. They’re not supposed to be part of professional life. ELLE hasn’t published a spread on “business shawls.” Street style bloggers, who usually pick up overlooked—even ugly—trends, have missed out on shawls too, presumably for the simple reason that “we don’t need shawls in the hot city streets”. An archaic garment, once shut up in the home, is now shut up in our cubicles. It is near impossible to look sharp in a shawl. “It doesn’t matter what else I wear,” a female employee complains, “because it’s covered by a blanket-scarf anyway.” Meanwhile, the male colleagues seem relaxed in their loose pants and shirtsleeves. We’re yet
to hear of a single company adjusting its thermostat to a woman-friendly setting. Even the temperature reminds us that the office was built for men, and we have only recently been allowed to join. There’s so much the workplace still hasn’t given us—equal pay, leadership positions—we shouldn’t be content with a makeshift fix. Somehow, the shawl is back, with all its uncomfortable symbolism. In a fairer world, we would turn up the heat instead.
Any better with the fashion uniform?
Women in power have greater scope to send messages with their clothes than most men, for whom a ‘seasonal shop’ consists of availing themselves of corporate discounts at Charles Tyrwhitt or Van Heusen.If you look up each of the top 30 entrants, a remarkably cohesive picture of their public style emerges. Most fall into one of the following categories: Before the modern system of formal, semiformal, and informal was as strictly applied as it is now, the terms were looser. For example, black tie (originally dinner clothes) was initially described as informal, while the “lounge suit,” now a standard business attire, was originally considered (as its name suggests) casual wear.
The psychology of dressing
Wearing formals to work can elicit feelings of power, which may change some mental processes, a new study suggests. “Putting on formal clothes makes us feel powerful, and that changes the basic way we see the world,” said Abraham Rutchick, an author of the study and a professor of psychology at California State University, Northridge. It makes people think more broadly and holistically, rather than narrowly and about fine-grained details, ‘The Atlantic’ reported. When the study subjects, who wore formal clothes, took cognitive tests, they demonstrated more abstract processing than the group that sported casual wear. “The findings demonstrate that the nature of an everyday and ecologically valid experience, the clothing worn, influences cognition broadly, impacting t he processi ng st yle t hat cha nges h ow obje c t s , p e o ple , a n d e ve nt s are constr ued,” researchers said in the jour nal Social Psychological & Personality Science.
TIMELINE
In Western formal state ceremonies and social functions, diplomats, foreign dignitaries, and guests of honour wear Western formal dress if not their own national dress. Many cultures have formal evening and day dress, in the following ways:
Monochrome Maniacs: Apple exec (and ex Burberry chief)Angela Ahrendts, EU Commission VP Federica Mogherini and UN Development Administrator Helen Clark are rarely photographed in anything other than black and white. Maybe cream. Navy if they’re feeling wild. Because, Restraint = Power.
Trouser Suit Team: Politicians’ sartorial heartland. Merkel, Clinton, Yellen and many more swear by the coordinated jacket-and-trouser combo.
Jewel-Toned Crew: Leading this category are Oprah, Sheryl Sandberg and Melinda Gates, who know that jewel-toned, waist-conscious dresses are the patrician way to do dressy - mainly because they hold their own on TV.
Michelle Obama: A category unto herself for her aplomb and total fashion wizardry. There is only one, there will only ever be one.
Daura-Suruwal — worn as formal dress by men in Nepal
Dhoti — worn by men in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, the Maldives, and Sri Lanka
Scottish kilt — worn as Bunad — worn as formal formal dress by men in dress by women and men Scotland or of Scottish descent in Norway
Sari — worn by women in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
Dashiki — worn by men in West African countries
Folkdräkt — worn as Hátíðarbúningur — worn formal dress by women and by women in Iceland to formal men in Sweden events such as state dinners and weddings
Kebaya — worn by women in Malaysia and Indonesia
Cheongsam — a modern female variation of the Qing Dynasty silk dress, characterised by a high mandarin collar, and side open slits of varying lengths. < 43 September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT
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what does corporate wear mean to you? Meera Mohan, Visual Merchandiser, Marks&Spencer Corporate wear is more of a discipline to me. I believe, the way I show up for work is a reflection of my interest and thereby, in a way, my commitment towards the work I’ve chosen.
ON As I’m a professional in the INSPIRATI fashion industry, I prefer
styling myself. Pinterest is one of the most important means that contributes to sharpening my skills in this regard. The shift is massive. Indian women, particularly in this era, prefer Western formals over Indian. The comfort level and the confidence that the Western attire gives, for reasons unknown, would probably attribute the most for this shift in trend. I believe office wear should not be distinguished based on the field of work one has chosen, but absolutely on his/her personal comfort level.
shift from Indian to western
I believe that it definitely does bring in a lot of difference in the work atmosphere. It clearly portrays a more relaxed environment thereby making it easier to work and a happier place to be. The happier the employees, happier are the customers.
encourage casual outfits?
44 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
Gaurav Jain, Managing Partner, Morning Star BrandCom(a PR and Communications firm) Corporate wear to me is like a finishing touch to one’s professional introductions. Like they say, dress the part! It is a style statement that represents you, your profession and your company. For yea rs and yea rs movies and TV have been playing a major role in influencing the way people dress up in their real lives. You want to emulate the character you look up to in a particular movie or a TV series. For e.g. My favourite character is Harvey Specter from the American drama series-Suits. In fact all the characters por t rayed in the series, regardless o f g e n d e r, a r e a l l s h a r p l y a n d smartly dressed.
ON INSPIRATI
In the age of globalisation, where India is re-emerging as a country the world looks up to; with so many international companies investing and setting up offices here and with more and more Indians travelling across the globe - the shift in corporate wear has been natural keeping in mind the work culture and the gradual shift in people’s preferences.
shift from Indian to western
But, in certain sectors like banks, hospitality and education we still find women in well-draped sarees. Also, politicians still wear kurtas. In fact, the Modi jacket has literally taken power dressing by storm. So, I guess both Indian and western formals seem to be working well in India. A lot of companies abroad and in India now, do not have a formal wear as a dress code while some insist on casual Fridays. Media companies, advertising agencies and the like, believe in the fun style of working. They in fact encourage employees to come in casuals. The work culture itself is very open and there is emphasis on freedom- freedom of thought, freedom to dress, freedom of speech, flexible office hours etc. So it all depends on one’s priorities, choices and level of comfort. I guess the same may not work in serious workplaces like banks and financial institutions. At the end of the day, as long as you are neatly dressed, presentable and can represent your company in a good light, that is what matters.
encourage casual outfits?
LIFESTYLE
Living it up au naturel! Sometimes, we think we need to be or act in a certain way to fit into an environment, by dimming our light and compromising on who we truly know we are. If we do this long enough, we might even confuse ourselves.
Dr. Anil Chinnabhandar, Senior Vice President, Supply Chain, Landmark Group Smart casuals have become the norm in today’s modern environment. Therefore I’d prefer semi-formals to smart casuals depending on the occasion such as internal engagements, external meetings, press meets, corporate gatherings, etc.
ON INSPIRATI
Corporate wear is smart checks, stripes, designs on light coloured shirting with matching trousers. The good old formal concept of black/dark trousers with plain shirts is clearly out of fashion now. Indian formals, at least for men, was never kurta-dhoti in the last 30 odd years!!! You still can see lot of Indian wear worn by ladies especially in the second half of the week
shift from Indian to western
We (Landmark Group) being one of the Top ‘Best places to work” companies, smart casuals have certainly helped change the profile into a more youthful and vibrant employer. It is very complimentary to advocate on smart casuals than old fashioned formals. As such, the entire community is moving towards f lexible, casual but highly selective environments everywhere.
encourage casual outfits?
Of course, in certain job p osit ion s we ca n’t ju st rock up in trashy sneakers, but we also don’t have to leave everything we love at the back of the closet. In fact, people are attracted to realness, not grayness. Unfortunately, a lot of people are taught to walk around with a facade from a very early age to fit in. Rather than dimming your ow n lig ht, why not t r y turning it up? Not just in how you dress, but also in how you speak, how you write emails, how you talk, how you interact and ultimately how you go about in everyday life! If you love electric blue, why wear a grey suit, or if you do, why not wear an electric blue scarf or accessorise it with a bright blue bag? If you are a tad cheeky, why not drop the occasional joke. The world needs a bit more c olou r or el se we w i l l become a uniform mass of human beings who are not living life authentically and in comfort, knowing they’re t r uly bei ng themselves. Frankly, without a bit of individuality life could end up being a little boring.
September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 45
FEATURE
T BOOKS he
ALKING
In the fast changing busy scheduled world, you might be missing your favourite hobby of reading books. With the advancement of digital technology, audio books let you keep your hobby close to your heart. A number of publishers and online applications help you subscribe to audio books. Nicin Varghese delves into the concept and scope of audio books.
46 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
The Concept
Audio books were initially meant for children. But, now famous books irrespective of the genre are converted into audio format for adults. They are also used by the second language lear ners, differently-abled people and non readers. They proved to be successful for helping these people to enjoy literature. Reading demands the complete attention of a person while audio books give its listeners the luxury for multi tasking. You cannot read a book while you are cooking, but you can listen to one for sure. The technique of narration is what gives the audio books its charm. It makes an audio book much interesting than a printed one. No matter how old people become, there exist a kid in everyone who always love to hear stories, believe the fantasies and wish miracles to happen. Rather than making reading an easy task, the audio books helps one to wander in the infinite space of imagination. That is the very freedom granted by audio books. But the role of a narrator is crucial in accomplishing this task. The tone, modulation and pitch of the narrator’s voice are important to keep the listener interested in the book. A bleak and dull narration can kill the listener’s interest. Many audio books are read by the author and some of them includes a commentary by the author. It creates a feeling of connectivity to the author as well as gives an insight i nto t he aut hor’s percept ion a nd writing style. Audio book is a concept of conflicts too. Experts are distressed about how people consume literature. Printers and publishers doubt that listening to a book while multitasking delivers
the same experience as sitting down and silently reading. Researchers are also curious to know about how well people are able to understand the content of the books while the other task they do is something which demands their complete attention. Multi tasking may compromise listener’s ability to concentrate unless the task is completely automatic. They might create passive listeners and thus reading can become a secondary activity. Some people consider listening to audio books far different from reading an actual text. They do not count listening to audio books as reading. But it all depends upon personal choice and convenience.
Market Scene
Globally, audio books had become a billion dollar industry with huge annual sales growth. The digital revolution has incited the tremendous growth of audio books. Smart phones have broadened the pool of potential listeners. Though being the second largest
shows a fast pace in “theIndiagrowth of its market with good marketing and availability of audio books.
“
‘
Reading makes a full man’, says Francis Bacon. But, what if someone cannot read? What if somebody has no time to get a book, sit somewhere and enjoy reading? What if someone is physically challenged? No worries at all as audio books are here for you. Audio books are rapidly evolving technological innovation which allow the users to listen to the content of a book. It can be either the exact word for word version of a book or an abridged recording. It fuses the fascination of oral story telling with technology.
FEATURE
English speaking population, audio book s gea red t he I nd ia n ma rket only on 2010. Yet, India shows a fast pace in the growth of its market with good marketing and availability of audio books. Major publishers like HarperCollins, Simon & Schuster and Scholastic are already selling audio books in the Indian market. The rising population of India who stretches long hours on road and the busy urban lifestyle has surely helped to increase the sales of audio books. But audio books are not finding their ways to classrooms because of its less availability. Most of the school libraries have limited number of audio books or none at all as they are believed to be expensive. The average costs of
September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 47
FEATURE
audio books are ` 300. But there are so many online applications which allow you to subscribe to audio books for free.
Advantages of Audio Books
• Do Multi task With audio books, you can walk around, clean, cook, shop, eat and still enjoy reading. It gives you the luxury for multi tasking • Learn New Languages Audio books are considered to be the best way to learn new languages. You can listen to the text, be familiar with the words and learn pronunciation. • Go Eco-friendly Save paper, be techie. Audio books also help you to be environment friendly as it does not use ink and paper. • Get a Companion With audio books, you are actually getting a companion even in the most inconvenient situations (if you carry them in your mobiles).
48 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
• Feel Connected Many audio books are read by the authors themselves. They may also give a commentary on their thoughts about the book.
Disadvantages of Audio Books
Though, audio books provide easy and convenient experience of reading, it has got flaws also. • Scholars believe the ability to absorb a story while multitasking is limited. • I f t he r e a de r’s s p e e d is not compatible with yours, you may end up understanding nothing. • You may need multiple devices to listen to audio books if you are not using it through your phone whereas to read a book, all you need is the book.
The Future
The future of audio books is undoubtedly
promising as it restructured the way people consume literat ure. Audio books will gain immense popularity in future as it provides the opportunity for multitasking, which is of high demand in the busy modern life. Currently, audio books are just a small percent of the total books market in India, but their sales is expected to rise in the future.
A Career in Audio Books
Are you good at expressing emotions through your voice? Is your voice catchy? Do you have a strong command over language? Then, yes. You are demanded in the industry. The future of audio books is promising, so as narrators’. A good narrator is a must for the success of any audio book. With digital technology, many audio books are now recorded in home studios by narrators working freelance. A narrator is paid according to the finished recording hours.
September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 49
FEATURE
Defence forces Have a craze for uniform? A career in defence forces provides all the essential elements to help you build your personality in a way that it would command respect and pride. Nikhil Mishra provides a portrait of the life in defence forces and the glory that it carries with it. 50 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
FEATURE
I
n today’s world, the race to excel high i n life has taken a fast and paced step. Today an individual of the count r y wants to achieve something good in life. With all the industries and career options blossoming around, there seems to be a flood of career opportunities that lie before us. But this availability of various options does create a mind boggling task or confusion among the people. Today students find it easy to choose something which suits them personally as well as professionally. But in this maze of picking up option for oneself, there lies a career which promises a life full of challenges and adventures that one can hardly imagine. The defence sector of our country is one of the wellestablished and fastest growing sectors. The Indian defence force is known worldwide for the kind of valour and patriotism that it exhibits. Today the Indian army stands at number four in the list of powerful armies in around the world. This clearly suggests the power and the respect that our defence forces carry with themselves. In this global
era, where the hold of globalisation has made its firm grip over the development of nations, the defence sector of our nation holds an important place. Besides this there are a lot of other factors which make the defence services a lucrative career. A career in defence forces lets you live your life to the fullest. One does get to experience all the challenges and lead a life of pride that this world has got to offer. The three wings of defence forces that is Army, Navy and Air force, offer the kind of lifestyle that every individual would love to follow.
Why to join defence forces ?
Defence ser vices provide you an opportunity to lead an officer’s life at a very young age. According to Col. (Retd.) Bharat Bhushan, “Defence services are a life full of challenges. One gets to lead a disciplined life and it provides us the mental robustness that we might seek. One does develop the quality of comradeship and the skill of quick decision making.” No doubt that the defence forces provide a quality life to an individual. It does ignite in us that feeling of patriotism which one may not
be aware of. The defence force is one single platform where the all-round personality of an individual comes into making. It is one such profession where one can exercise his feeling of patriotism in the most direct way by serving the motherland. Speaking in the same tone, Maj (Dr.) Vijay Singh Shekhawat adds, “Defence life is full of adventures and an army personnel lives like a real hero.” In a true sense, it is a matter of honour and pride to join armed forces. The defence forces personnel are looked upon as saviours and defenders of nation and its people. No doubt that it is one of the few noble professions left today. Defence as a career not only provides stability to life but it also brings about coherence in a person’s life. One most important thing that the armed forces teaches us is discipline and ‘never to quit’ attitude. The success of a person primarily lays on these two factors. Apart from the discipline, patriotism and leadership qualities that the defence services impart in us, it also provides us the chance to travel all around throughout our life. Col. (Retd.) Bharat September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 51
FEATURE
love to play with the technology. One gets to know about the modern warfare techniques and the latest technological upgradation that the forces around the world use in order to withstand the technological demand of the time. Col. Kishore Singh (Retd.) comments that, “With the induction of new technology all over the world it is recommended that technical side vacancies should be increased and qualified people be enrolled.” Thus Col. Kishore holds the view that there is certainly a need for people in the defence forces who keep a flair for technology and are ready to help the defence sector blossom with the technological advancement. Col. (Retd.) Bhushan adds that, “An inspiring mind can learn and innovate a lot in defence forces rather than in any other place, because the survival necessity will not be there in any other field as compared to forces.” While serving in forces one does come across various survival conditions which enable the person to give birth to many ideas and solutions which would be technologically as well as creatively enriched. Maj. (Dr.) Shekhawat adds, “We are getting recent technology in armed forces. I had served at army hospital in Delhi and I found all the equipments with recent technology available.” These days our defence
Indian defence force is “known worldwide for the kind of valour and patriotism that it exhibits. Today the Indian army stands at number four in the list of powerful armies all around the world. This clearly suggests the power and the respect that our defence forces carry with themselves.
“
Bhushan says, “Armed forces provide us the opportunity to see and experience different places with varying terrain, demographic and climatic conditions within and outside country.” Due to the frequent postings and promotions, one gets to experience culture of different parts of the country. In this regard, defence forces can be considered as one such profession which helps us in quenching our thirst for travelling. One gets acquainted with different cultures and lifestyle, thus creating the quality of social adaptability in oneself. Defence is not only about wars and gun battles; rather it provides a quality life to an individual. It is the perfect field for those who are enthusiastic about sports, physical f itness and possesses an adventurous mind. One gets to experience various adventurous activities and showcase one’s skills in sports and other activities. Today’s era is tech nologically assisted. The economies of the world are soaring high due to the various developments in the technology sector. With the induction of new technology, defence sector has become a breeding ground for many technical expertise and innovations. Thus this makes it a perfect place for all those technical aspirants who wish to serve their motherland in the most unique way. Col. (Retd.) Bharat Bhushan says, “Innovation is a necessity in defence forces at all levels starting from the lowest to the highest echelons, mainly because of the unique situations which the circumstances present to the forces.” Certainly t he i n novat ions i n defence forces do create a magnetic attraction for many technical aspirants who
force is coming at par with the latest development in the field of technology which makes it one of the most exciting professions to look forward to. Apart f rom defending the borders f rom external threats, the Armed Forces are often involved in humanitarian missions like the UN Peacekeeping forces and in disaster management. In the event of earthquakes, floods or avalanches, the Army, Navy and Air Force are the first to reach the disaster-prone areas for search and rescue missions.
Role of Women
Since many years, defence forces have been a male dominated sector. But nowadays, women are setting foot in all the three wings of the defence forces that are Army, Navy and Air force. This move can be seen as a driving force in a woman’s life, when there is talk
of equal rights and opportunities for both men and women. Col. (Retd.) Bhushan says, “It is an excellent move to make women feel that they are an equal gender and gives them the strength and 52 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
FEATURE
opportunity to prove to the world that if not better, they are no less than men in all the spheres.” Sharing the same view, Col. (Retd.) Kishore says that, “Induction of women i n ser vices is welcome; however appointments should be identified where they can be utilised to the maximum benefit of the organisation.” Certainly the induction of women in ar med forces has brought about a revolution in women’s life by letting them break the boundaries of the four walls of their houses and helped them to establish their identity in this fast paced world. Col. (Retd.) Bhushan further adds that, “In fact, their life is tougher because they have to manage much more things than their male counterparts. Their participation in armed forces makes them mentally more robust as they have to face all the challenges which hither to fore were considered as forte of men alone.” Thus the women candidates have a bright future for themselves in the defence forces.
to be mentally tough to carry out the operations in all odds. One can apply to be a part of defence forces through various exams that are held after 10+2 as well as graduation. After 10+2, one can apply for Nation Defence Academy as well as Naval Academy examination through UPSC. There is also a Technical Entry scheme for technically inspired minds. One can apply for Combined Defence Services examination as well as AFCAT after graduation. There are various other schemes for technical graduates such as Technical Graduate Course as well as University Entry Scheme, which help the young minds to make their career in defence forces.
Academies and Institutes to Join
Pay and Perks
Officers Training Academy, Gaya.
An officer in defence forces is paid handsomely. Today, the government has included high perks and pay for the defence personnel. After completion of t raining, an officer generally starts with a salary of around 55k.
National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla, Pune. Indian Military Academy, Dehradun. Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala, Kerala. Air Force Academy, Dundigul, Hyderabad. Officers Training Academy, Chennai.
Eligibility
In order to become an officer in Indian defence forces, one needs to posses the officer - like qualities that are essential to be a part of the organisation. Apart from being physically fit, one also needs
There are many allowances that are granted apart from the basic salary. This figure increases with the promotion that one undergoes. So, one need not worry about the financial crisis that might loom over.
Conclusion
Do you have it in you? This is the slug that Indian defence forces carry with themselves. So a career in defence forces is very rewarding for all those aspirants who want to make something large in their life. A career in armed forces makes for the wholesome personality of an individual and lets you live your life in the most respectable way. September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 53
INTERVIEW
“We impart knowledge and inculcate sound character”
The Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University, Jharkhand popularly known as The ICFAI University, offers various under graduate, post graduate and doctoral programs. Apart from imparting academic education, the university also takes care of the holistic growth of the students in order to make the students industry ready. Professor ORS Rao, Vice Chancellor, ICFAI University, Jharkhand in an interview with Roselin Kiro shares about the initiatives taken by them in the university to groom students into comptetent and successful professionals
What sets you apart from other universities in terms of academics, infrastructure and other activities? We are com mit ted to g room ou r students into competent and successful professionals with values. In order to ma ke it happen, we focus on imparting relevant knowledge and hands-on skills to our students, besides i nculcat i ng sou nd cha racter. We revise our curriculum every year in line with the changing requirements of the industry and developments in science and technology. We deploy technology in Teaching-Lear ningAssessment processes using a Learning Management System. One par t of our mid-semester and end-semester examinations are conducted online, 54 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
How do you plan to stay af loat in today’s cut throat competition among the universities? By following a three-pronged strategy, which includes: a) Lau nch i ng prog r a m s t hat a re relevant in our territory (in terms of job opportunities) b) Providing value-based, quality education to the students, thereby making students readyto face industry and society c) Connecting with industr y on a continuous basis so that our graduating students are employed fruitfully (as employees or as entrepreneurs). It is often heard that India does not have a conducive academic atmosphere for research output. How does your university back students to promote research and publications? O u r Ph D p r og r a m fo r wo r k i n g professionals enables research on topics of interest to industr y and society. Facilitation to write articles and encouragement to the publishing
In collaboration with Rama “Krishna Mission Ashram,
we designed a course on values and ethics, which is compulsory for all of our programs. All our students, irrespective of the program, have to undergo industryinternships so that they acquire hands-on skills.
“
wherein results (along with correct answers) are announced immediately after the examination. In collaboration with Rama Krishna Mission Ashram, we designed a course on values and ethics, which is compulsory for all of our programs. All of our students, irrespective of the program, have to undergo industry-internships so that they acquire hands-on skills. Due to the above measures, our students are able to get excellent campus placements in reputed companies.
students and faculty members helped in enhancing our publication activity. Our journal, IUJ Journal of Management attracts excellent articles from students, faculty members and working managers. What are your policy expectations from the government on the Private Universities? To create an enabling environment and allow them freedom to operate The number of affiliated colleges in federal state universities has been dramatically increasing in the last few years making it difficult for the state universities to manage these colleges. Is the quality of output a matter of concern at this point of time? Can autonomy be a way out to achieve excellence? Yes, g r a du al autonomy, coupled with accountability, can address the quality issue.
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INTERVIEW
The five year LLB programme has now become the flagship The legal profession has today become one of the fastest growing professions all over the world. Lawyers are held in high esteem in every society. Anand Prakash Mishra, Professor, Jindal Global Law School in an interview with Nikhil Mishra talks about the various law schools around the country and the examinations which one should take up in order to get into these institutions.
With a plethora of career options available around us, what is the scope of law education in our country? This year, while conducting admission for m al it ie s at Ji nd al Global L aw School(JGLS) we were surprised to come across a student who had got through both IIT-JEE and LSAT (the law school entrance exam), but he preferred to take up law at Jindal Law School. Last year, we had a similar case - a cadet from National Defence Academy (NDA) in Khadakwasla, Pune had left the academy after a month of joining, to take up law at JGLS. Young students across the country are choosing law over other sought-after career options and joining law schools in large numbers. 56 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
Please throw some light on National Law Universities across the country and the CLAT examination. The NLUs set up by the state governments in places like Bangalore, Hyderabad, Bhopal, Kol kata, Jod hpu r, Raipu r, Gandhinagar, Lucknow, Patiala, Patna, Kochi, Cuttack, Ranchi, Guwahati, Visha k hapat na m , Ti r uch i r appal l i, Mumbai and Nagpur admit students on the basis of a Common Law Admission Test (CLAT). The National Law University in Delhi conducts its own entrance exam (AILET) to admit students. CLAT and AILET are the two most important competitive law entrance exams in the country. Most states have set up at least one National Law University by passing an Act in their state legislature and states like Maharashtra have come up with three national law universities in the state. The ones in Mumbai and Nagpur are already functional while the Aurangabad one is yet to start functioning. Other states like Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are also coming up with their own National Law Universities. T h e N LU s y s t e m h a s i n d e e d
The Jindal Global Law “School is an exception
with its three year LLB programme, offered since 2009 and strengthened each year.
“
Kindly brief us about the five-year integrated LLB Programme after class XII. What started as an experiment in 1987 with the National Law School of India University (NLSIU), Bangalore, starting the first ever five-year integrated BA LLB(H) programme after Class XII, has become a big success story nowadays with 19 National Law Universities (NLUs) in 18 different states and union territories. The five-year LLB programme has now become the flagship and the most sought after law programme today.
revolutionized and refor med legal education in the country. This is reflected in the massive increase in the number of CLAT-takers. The numbers have increased more than four times, from 10,000 applicants in 2008 to over 40,000 applicants in 2016. Which are the prominent private law schools in the country and their mode of admission? Jindal Global Law School (JGLS) at O.P. Jindal Global University (JGU), Sonipat was started as India’s first global law school in 2009 as a philanthropic initiative with ten faculty members and 100 students. Today, it is one of the bestknown private law schools in the country with 1800 law students and 125 faculty members. Admission to JGLS is through LSAT—the popular all-India law entrance which had over 6000 students registering for the exam this year. Among other leading private law schools in the country are Symbiosis Law School in Pune, Christ in Bangalore, KIIT in Bhubaneswar, Nirma in Ahmadabad and Amity in Noida. All these are preferred destinations for students wanting to study law in India. Most of them conduct their own entrance exams like SET of Symbiosis
INTERVIEW
What is your take on the three-year LLBprogramme? The three-year LLB degree programme after graduation was, for a long time the only course for entry into legal profession a nd is popu la r even tod ay. Some traditional university departments like Faculty of Law, University of Delhi still offers only a three year LLB programme. It remains the largest LLB class anywhere in the country. Over 2500 students are admitted in the LLB programme every year at DU with nearly 19,000 students taking Delhi University’s LLBEntrance Test in 2016. Though, most of the new generation law schools i.e. those set up during the last 10-15 years including National Law Universities (NLUs), have excluded the three year LLBand offer only five years LLBcourse. The Jindal Global Law School is an exception in this regard with its three year LLB programme offered since 2009 and strengthened each year. It is today, one of the finest, residential LLB three year programme in the country. To do a threeyear LLB programme, students can either join a traditional university department or law college like Law Faculty (University of Delhi), BHU, Punjab University
(Chandigarh), GLC (Mumbai), ILS Law College (Pune), Allahabad University, Lucknow University, etc. JGLS is perhaps the best option if one wants a residential, full-time rigorous LLB programme on par with the best 5-year LLB programmes of NLUs or other law schools. IIT Kharagpur’s three-year LLB programme for B.Tech/M.Sc. graduates is another superior LLB programme in India in a leading residential campus. Kindly brief us about the one-year LLM programme for law graduates. In India, the LLM programme has never been given the attention it deserved. That resulted in lack of quality in law studies in most of the law colleges. LLM has always been a two-year full-time programme or a three-year programme, if offered in an extended mode like the one at Delhi University or at ILI in previous years. The one-year LLM programme was introduced in India by the UGC in January 2013 which recommended setting up a Centre for Post Graduate Legal Studies (CPGLS) in the prescribed manner to offer the one year LLM programme. The best place for doing a one-year LLM programme in India are the Jindal Global Law School, National Law Schools/Universities of Bangalore, Hyderabad, Delhi, Kolkata,
The NLU system has “indeed revolutionized and
reformed legal education in the country. This is reflected in the massive increase in the number of CLAT-takers.
“
or they admit students on the basis of CLAT score.
Bhopal, Jodhpur, Raipur, Gandhinagar, etc., Indian Law Institute (Delhi), Tata Institute of Social Sciences (Mumbai), Azim Premji University (Bangalore), etc. Other important institutions worth exploring for LLM programmes are the South Asian University in Delhi and IIT Kharagpur Law School (RGSOIPL) offering a two-year LLM programme. The Law Faculty at Delhi University remains the most sought after place for LLM. It receives around 3000 applications for some 100 seats in its LLM two/three year programme. It has not introduced the oneyear LLM programme yet. LLM aspirants must write entrance tests like CLAT-PG, LSAT—India and LLM Entrance Exams of DU, ILI, BHU, PU, Jamia, etc. to have more options.
September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 57
INTERVIEW
Quality is Not an Accident Legal education in India is facing cut-throat competition. National University of Advanced Legal Studies, Kerala is one of its kind in terms of academic quality and infrastructure. It offers a wide spectrum of legal specialisations and has synchronisation with foreign universities. Dr. Rose Varghese, Vice Chancellor, NUALS in an interview with Nicin Varghese speaks about what makes them unique.
How does your institution stand apart from other institutions in terms of academics, infrastructure and other extracurricular activities? The National University of Advanced Legal Studies (NUALS) was established by Act 27 of 2005 of the Kerala State Legislature. The main objectives of the University are: (a) to advance and disseminate learning and knowledge of law and legal and judicial processes, professional legal education and their role in national development; (b) to develop in the student and research scholar a sense of responsibility to serve the society by developing skills with regard to advocacy, legal services, legislation, law reforms etc., and (c) to promote legal and judicial reforms needed to strengthen the administration of justice in India. From the Academic Year 20152016, the University admitted two batches of BA LLB (Hons.) with an intake of 60 students in each batch. The admissions to the BA LLB (Hons.) and LLM courses are through Common Law Admission Test (CLAT). The 58 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
LLM degree programme of NUALS was a full time regular course of two years duration. From last year we have introduced a one year LLM programme in Constitutional and Administrative Law and International Trade Law. A student enrolled under LLM programme will have to undergo compulsory, core and elective courses. Term Research Pa p e r, Tut el a ge, Cl i n ic a l L eg a l Education, Dissertation and Viva-Voce are the other components of the LLM degree programme. We also have a PhD programme which includes a six month course work. We offer PG diploma cou rses in Medical Law & Ethics and Cyber Law. This academic year, we propose to introduce a one year Post Graduate diploma course in Banking & I n s u r a nc e L aw a nd Cr i m i n a l Justice Ad minist ration and th ree months certificate course in Right to Information and Protection of Women at the workplace. We are also introducing a three day certificate course in Food Safety Law and Compliances and cer tif icate courses in French and Ger man Lang uages. The N UA LS campus provides adequate academic infrastructure with internet access, WiFi Connectivity, online legal resources including Hein online, Westlaw India and Manupatra, a computer lab, a good collection of books and reports, both foreign and Indian. Faculty apartments, open- air theatre, stadium, gym, hostels for boys and girls are also available at NUALS. To make the study of law relevant to social needs and encourage focu sed resea rch, t he u n iver sit y has established 15 centres of study and research. On a regular basis, we invite senior academicians, as visiting professors on various subjects intended mainly for the academic growth of the students
to widen their horizon in the growing vistas of law. N UALS is organising training programmes, workshops, seminars, field survey, legal awareness camps and debates on a regular basis. The centres have also been sanctioned with research projects by various government agencies. Workshop on Reforms in Legal Education, national seminar on ragging, symposium and international seminar on Human Rights Day, a training programme for law teachers on International Humanitarian Law, national workshop on Human Rights of Elderly Persons: Law and Reality, special discourse on ‘Portrait of Women in Modern World- Need for Redefining Province of Freedom’ on International Women’s Day, to name a few. Most of the law schools focus on profe s siona l e duc at ion a nd do not provide conducive academic atmosphere for research output. How does your department back students to promote research and publications? N UA LS i s p r ov id i ng a p o sit ive at mosphere for research and publications. We have been publishing newsletters and law journal periodically, in which students contribute their efforts. Projects are undertaken by the universit y under the aegis of the research centres. Also faculty and students are given exposure for participating and presenting papers in seminars. How far has the institution been able to guarantee effective employability of the students? The University has recently initiated a series of academic programmes to strengthen the professional skills and expertise of students through an interdisciplinary and holistic approach.
INTERVIEW
What are the emerging trends and streams in law? Courses and curriculum of NUALS are framed considering the emerging trends and streams in law. Courses are framed in such a way that students will be acquainted with the present legal scenario and well equipped with facing the challenges. The University is following a Choice Based Credit and Semester System and is offering vivid types of elective courses on subjects of contemporary relevance and on frontier areas of law such as Competition Law,
Society, Science and Law, Investment Arbitration, Food Law and Policy, Fisheries Law, Water Law, Maritime Law, Media & Telecommunications Law, Forensic Science, Psychological Medicine & Law, Securities Law and other such electives so as to mould and keep the students abreast with the latest developments in law and the legal profession. NUALS has entered foreign exchange programmes with universities from Switzerland, Australia and Czech Republic. How far did this help your students to attain academic growth? Also, tell us about your future plans on student exchange programme? NUALS had already entered into MOU’s with Universities in Australia, France, Czech Republic and Switzerland, while academic collaboration agreements are being contemplated with Universities in Belgium, UK, USA and Singapore. How does moot cour t help law students both academically and professionally? Moot court competitions are an integral part of the legal education landscape of NUALS. Participation in moot court competitions enables the students to perfect their legal analytical, research and writing skills. It provides a platform for the students to formulate arguments and express them in front of judges. The legal research, analysis, writing and oral advocacy skills which the students polish during the course of participation in moot court competitions are valuable in a wide range of practice areas and
National University “ofTheAdvanced Legal Studies
has recently initiated a series of academic programmes to strengthen the professional skills and expertise of students through an interdisciplinary and holistic approach.
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As part of these academic initiatives, NUALS in association with the State Bar Council is conducting Academic Interface Programmes of Students and Teachers with Lawyers. Clinical Legal Education is a venture with maximum opportunities for practical training where students undergo rigorous simulation exercises which expose them to the practical a spe ct s a nd t he complex it ie s of the profession. Internship, which is another feature of the NUALS curriculum exposes the students to the intricacies of the legal profession and paves the way for their campus recr uitment. The Campus Committee Recruitment Cell, which functions under the guidance of a faculty, is the officially recognized body responsible for facilitating and streamlining the recruitment process. It is constituted and administered by members of the graduating batch. Many students are placed in multi- national companies, reputed law firms, etc.
make students more marketable to legal employers. While participating in moot court competitions the students also get a n oppor t u n it y to meet distinguished members of the Bench and Bar who judge the oral arguments. The moot court activities of NUALS are co-ordinated by the NUALS Moot Court Society. The main object of the NUALS Moot Court Society is to advance and disseminate learning and knowledge of legal skills including skills relating t o a dvo ca cy, negot iat ion , cl ie nt counselling and research. The object is achieved inter alia by encouraging the participation of students in national and inter national moot cour t and client counselling competitions. Every year students from the university are encouraged and trained to participate in various national and international level moot court competitions. T he Un iver sit y also prov ides f inancial suppor t to teams which participate in national and international moot court competitions.
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INTERVIEW
“It’s less about the tool and more about how it’s used.”
With an aim to offer value addition to the country’s school education system Jindal Institute of Behavioural Sciences (JIBS) is actively working with teachers across the country and offering short term courses to help them better customise their teaching mechanisms to meet the needs of different students. Dr Sanjeev P Sahni, Principal Director of Jindal Institute of Behavioural Sciences in an interview with Tariq Ahmed talks about how teaching practices in India need to change and how the students’ potential can be maximised.
How have technology and various trends affected education i.e. the learning and teaching processes? Would you categorize this change under “change for good”? These days we don’t use technology, we live technology. Speaking from experience, working my way through a problem on the blackboard in front of the students can either be very effective or not at all effective. It solely depends on how it’s done. In the same way, technology can be really powerful in an educational context when it’s used appropriately. Collaborative learning and multimedia approach to education enables teachers to cater to the individual needs of the learners. Online libraries provide authentic and up-to-date information; multiple communication channels like e-mail, chat, forum, blogs, YouTube, etc. has made the teaching and learning of different subjects interesting as compared to passive lectures. I think technology can improve education, but only if it’s used well. Online learning platforms are great tools, just like a piece of chalk and a blackboard are great tools. In the end, though, I think it is less about the tool and more about how it’s 60 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
How do you believe institutions can maximise students’ potential through behavioral competencies that encompasses knowledge, skills and attitude? Behavioral competencies define and shape the personality of an individual, and a strong hold of them definitely gives your growth in school or college an extra edge. Institutions can enforce and reinforce behavioral competencies in the most simplest of ways. For example, in group work, competencies like team work, cooperation, motivating others, empathy and synergy could be encouraged among students. To further maximise their potential, institutions could introduce courses that teach students basic etiquettes, positive thinking and performing arts. Putting emphasis on learning, not only through books but beyond books as well, helps cultivate an environment where they are not only reading but also responding and reflecting, thereby facilitating metacognition. For example, while teaching any course to my students, I encourage learning through pedagogical tools like management games, role plays and group discussions, in basket exercises, case studies and presentations. At the end of these activities, I encourage discussions about identifying behavioural competencies. It is imperative that schools and colleges improve their grading system, instead of only assessing students based
imperative that schools “andIt iscolleges improve their grading system, instead of only assessing students based on their marks.
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used. Just to answer your question shortly, we should use the technological solutions wisely to present different learning materials for students. The real teaching is the content transfer in a way that can be comprehended by the student and can be applied by them at an appropriate time in life when opportunity lands on them.
on their marks. The focus should be on i mprovi ng and assessi ng thei r behavioural competencies. What are the factors that have hindered the evolution of the teaching practices in India with the changing times? In my opinion, education sector in India is emerging but has its limitations. There is a need for teaching practices to progress from old fashioned rote-memorisation, drills and lectures. There is a need to introduce learnercentered approaches in which students engage more proactively and continuously. Students should be exposed to diverse problem solving exercises, group work and enquiry based exercises. It is imperative for the educators to understand the difference between knowing and learning. Knowing is about repeating facts, whereas learning is acquiring a new skill. Imagination, creation and curiosity form the core of learning. We need to create an environment for the millennia to learn, rather than teaching them what already exists. As a part of community engagement, we at JIBS have started a teachers’ training programme called ‘Train the Teachers’ where we are training teachers and principals about best teaching practices, troubled teens, developmental needs, importance of counseling, learning disability, ADHD, stress management,
INTERVIEW
relationships with peers and teachers. The expression and regulation of positive emot ions could facilit ate posit ive expectations about social interaction. Further, the use of effective strategies helps the student to be aware and sensitive to emotions of others and manage them well in their relationship with others.
Studies suggest that people with high Emotional Intelligence have greater mental health, job performance and leadership skills. What steps should be taken in order to boost Emotional Intelligence among students? From my experiences and studies, a well developed EQ is an essential element for constructive and positive workplaces and interpersonal relationships. There is a famous saying, ‘IQ gets you hired, EQ gets you promoted.’ A well developed EQ, especially when used with reflection enables an individual to be more aware of emotions as they arise, manage the reaction (control) but also explore what that emotional reaction was for them - what lies within. Emotional skills could contribute to the social and academic adaptation in several ways. First, facilitating thought: School work and the intellectual development involves the ability to use and regulate emotions to facilitate thinking, increase concentration, control impulsive behavior and yield under stress conditions. It can increase the intrinsic motivation of students to do their school work. One of the key components of emotional intelligence that is included in most definitions is the ability to motivate yourself. Another mechanism of action could be the facilitation of social interaction. The social adjustment requires establishing
Many psychologists have pointed out that students become less engaged in their studies after entering middle school because middle school teaching does not fit well with their developmental needs. Please comment. Adolescents face developmental dilemma related to ‘Identity versus Role Confusion’. During this period, they are generally confused over who and what one really is. Students tend to become less engaged in their schools. Due to biological transformation, there is an impact on their overall cognitive, social and emotional development. As a result, schools and teachers face many issues related to aggression, adjustment issues, peer pressure and inadequate attention from middle school students. Suppose a school has a teacher-student ratio of 1:60. How much attention could possibly be given to each student? Dealing with adolescents is a major challenge in Indian context because of lack of resources, lack of sensitivity and lackadaisical attitude of teachers towards their students. In my opinion, a very important part of school constitutes the Counseling Centre. Unfortunately, schools do not have trained counselors. Basic awareness about sex education is missing. Rather, schools and parents have their inhibitions in talking about these psychological and biological transformation and the dilemmas associated with it. Lack
with adolescents is “aDealing major challenge in Indian
context because of lack of resources, lack of sensitivity and lackadaisical attitude of teachers towards their students.
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performance enhancement, emotional intelligence, etc. As a par t of this initiative, we are trying to reach out to all schools in India to depute their teachers, principals, parents and students to attend the training. They will also be awarded certificates on successful completion of the training programme.
of resources is definitely an issue but the major issue is the mindset and attitude of the school administration and teachers and lack of initiatives to address these problems. What is the role of stress therapies or stress management programs in enhancing the overall performance of the students? The pressure to succeed, poor study habits, peer influence and transitional issues have been known to cause a lot of stress among students. Students, if not well guided, are likely to use less desirable coping strategies like drinking, smoking and using illegal drugs. Stress therapies and stress management programs not only enhance the overall performance of students but their holistic development is boosted too. Students differ with respect to their appraisal of the stressor, causal attribution, preoccupation, feelings and actions in order to cope with stressors. However, there are general strategies that help students cope with the various forms of stresses such as the use of co-curricular activities (sports, games, clubs and societies), psychosocial education (self-awareness, social awareness, time management and decision making skills), democratic leadership, group discussions and active involvement in the learning process, role playing and relaxation training such as yoga. Students participating in these programs have been shown to enhance their overall performance in all aspects of life. As a part of the training programme, we at Jindal Institute of Behavioral Sciences are providing relaxation training like meditation and Yoga Nidra and offering courses like Stress Management and Performance Enhancement. We have a well-equipped Psychology Lab, where we administer noninvasive instruments on our students like Brain mapping, Biofeedback and Galvanic Skin Resistance in order to assess and monitor the stress level of our students, faculty and staff members. September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 61
SUCCESS STORY
EMPOWERING WITH SKILLS The proud recipient of the ‘Women Leaders Award in India 2010’ awarded by iGroup and NDTV Profit in the category of ‘Leading Woman Chief Operating Officer’, Kamini Prasad, COO-Urban Skills, Centum Learning Limited in an interview with Sana Husain provides insights about her initiatives that are aimed at helping thousands of youth lead successful lives and empowering underserved communities, while reforming the higher education scenario. Please elaborate on the var ious sk i l l en hancement and t ra i n i ng opportunities provided by Centum Learning Limited to schools and colleges for both students and teachers. How will these help in reforming the higher education scenario? We, at Centum, endeavour to do our bit in improving the education scenario in the country and to further contribute towards skill development amongst the youth. To enable rounded growth, we have initiated measures across schools and colleges, catering to both students and teachers. Starting with schools that form the basis of education, we have taken initiatives for skill enhancement of students and teachers at schools. Measures including capacit y development of teachers; providing leadership training for heads of schools, organising student workshops
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on life skills, career management and facilitating vocational training under NSQF and CBSE for school students have been resumed by us. Moving on to the next level and stepping into the higher education scenario, we have initiated cer tain measures to ensure skill enhancement for both college students and teachers. These include providing a ‘campus to corporate employability skills’ program for college students, faculty development programs for teachers of engineering and management colleges and universities and providing vocational training with NSDC for college students. Continuous faculty development is an integral step and the program aims to provide resources, which will help the faculty in developing as scholars, to publish, to share insights both within the community and at professional conferences, and to improve their work in the classroom and enhance their effectiveness. The effects of the program will be seen, ultimately, in the quality of the instruction students receive and in the quality of scholarly activity and collegial involvement on campus. Centum Lear ning has been conduct i ng capa cit y developme nt programs for school stakeholders and has impacted more than 600 heads of schools and more than 5000 teachers by imparting training on leadership, school quality and culture along with programs for students, support staff and parents. The objective of a School Leadership I nter vent ion is to i mpact the key stakeholder, the head of the school and to equip them with the right knowledge, skills and attitude to transform their schools into centers of excellence and effectively lead and integrate change.
SUCCESS STORY
Centum Lear ning also conducts trainings in multiple areas of intervention for school teachers such as pedagogy, motivation, class management, best practices and subject specific-teaching and learning methodologies with a focus on improving student engagement and learning outcomes. We also offer an array of programs in vocational streams that run full-time, for students of classes 6-12. Centum has also been conducting workshops on career guidance, study and life skills for students through workshops and seminars. Under the ‘Parents Advocacy Programme’, new parents are inducted into the school system. Partnering with schools and parents on effective parent and child handling has been Centum’s forte in this domain. For the suppor t staff, Centum has successfully conducted trainings for transport, housekeeping, front office and administrative staff at schools in areas such as grooming, etiquette, school culture, safety, discipline and engagement.
number of challenges in the education domain, especially at the school level that is plagued with a drop-out rate of 50 per cent. If these students, who drop-out due to any reason, are skilled in a vocation, they will be equipped to earn a livelihood. Also, even though there is an abundance of labour in the country and growing, only 12 per cent are employable, owing to the absence of life skills or social skills. These integral skills cannot be learnt over a month or two and an initiation into these skills has to happen in the early stages of development. Few are fortunate to be born in an environment that facilitates the development of these skills that are essential to build a youth population that is confident and capable of not only finding means of livelihood but also as entrepreneurs, who would create jobs for many more. But, the majority of our youth don’t receive such exposure. If early and quick measures are not adopted for its implementation, then the much hyped demographic dividend may become a “demographic disaster” for our country.
Wal-Mart Training Centres, the Bharti Academy of Retail and the Yum! Academy, is there an inspiring story that you would like to share with us? The fact that we must prepare candidates for JOBS that are available rather than train them for what we think will be good has been our approach and endeavour. Therefore, the model of “prehire training” helps these individuals to understand the work environment and what to expect, so that it reduces the mismatch that more often than not leads to attrition. For the organisation too, a large pool of trained manpower is available which helps in scaling business at a rapid pace. There have been several success stories about these models. I would particularly like to mention about Priyanka who, like many others, took a leap of faith when Bharti-Walmart Centre, Delhi offered her an opportunity to improve her life. After battling resistance from her parents, today, she realises that courtesy Centum Learning, she now stands much more empowered.
Kindly share your perspective on the “importance of skill-based training programmes at the school level”. Despite enjoying the demog raphic dividend, the country faces quite a
Beh i nd your passion to make a difference to the society and nation, at large, that played a vital role in the organisation’s launch of employability programmes in association with Bharti
Apart from the courses that are being offered in collaboration with other reputed organisations in Bangladesh and Nigeria under the banner of Centum International Academy, are you planning on something that would increase foreign investment from the first world countries in the relevant domain? We have realised that the international space requires different models that are relevant in today’s time. So, we are adapting and focusing on markets where the impact can be made in the space of “SKILLS”, that will be the defining trend in the times to come. Skills are defining the education landscape and that will be our continued focus in the times to come. How do you envision the education model in future? Skilling will certainly occupy a very integral place in the education system, starting from the early years of school life, with a keen focus on imparting soft skills. The focus will be on applicationbased learning rather than focusing only on theoretical knowledge. Also, what will take prominence will be training around job role availability and opportunities versus gener ic education. Focused learning is the future. September 2016 < CAREERCONNECT < 63
GUEST COLUMN
Career Opportunities in the Indian Cyber Security Landscape
Tarun Wig
W
ith the ever-increasing use of the Internet, threats to confidential information and data getting stolen f rom the cyberspace remain high. Gove r n me nt s a nd bu si ne sse s a re trying hard to secure their data over the internet, more so after an increase in the number of cyber attacks over the web. The Indian IT security market was about 77 billion dollars in 2015, with an expected growth rate of eight per cent annually. A report released by NASSCOM suggests that cyber security services would create revenues of over 35 billion dollar in India annually. According to NASSCOM, efforts to protect data shall lead to employment opportunities for about one million professionals throughout India in the near future. It is projected that the demand for cyber security professionals will rise to six million by the end of 2019 and the predicted shortage of a skilled workforce is estimated to be 1.5 million worldwide. A report by NASSCOM suggests a growing need for cyber security professionals in India in the coming years, not only as employees but also as entrepreneurs. Cyber security consultancies would <CAREERCONNECT <September September 2016 2016 64 64< CAREERCONNECT <
see a sharp growth in the near future providing jobs to a large percentage of these professionals. Rajendra Pawar, Chairman of Cyber Secu r it y Task Force - NASSCOM stated, “Another important aspect will be the start-ups. We expect to see about 1,000 start-ups coming up in this area. This is because smaller companies are light-footed yet they have the best technologies”. He further added “There have been a lot of investors i n t h is a rea who a re pa r t icula rly i nterested i n f u nd i ng specialised consultancies in the f ield as they provide expertise in the niche and are more dependable.” With the campaign of Digital India in progress, cyber security has further raised hopes of increasing the employability of Indian IT professionals. Prime Minister Narendra Modi also stated that the wealth of resources in India in the software segment should be utilised in producing cyber security solutions as cyber crime is leading c ou nt r ie s a n d c o m mu n it ie s i nt o bloodless wars with each other. He further stated that India should have the confidence to do it and shall take all the steps necessary to ensure credible cyber security solutions. Last year, hackers in Ukraine managed to hack a complete power grid, thus rendering the capital, Kiev, electricity less on a warm afternoon of December. Reliable cyber security solutions are a must to bring down such crimes as internet is a very vulnerable place and anyone with basic education can do any level of criminal activity over it. The cyber security industry has seen a steady growth in India with ever rising hacking threats as well as crossborder espionage. According to CERT, about 32,323 websites were hacked in 2014 alone and 8,056 websites hacked in the first three months of 2016. According to the National Crime Records Bureau, the number of reported cases of cyber crimes increased by 350
per cent from 2010 to 2016. Reported cyber cr imes went f rom 966 to a whopping 4,356 between these years. India emerged as top destination for cyber crimes worldwide and this figure significantly increased in 2015. The cyber security industry of India remains to be young and growing. This industry was set to give jobs to about five lakh cyber security professionals by 2015 a c c ord i ng t o t he Un ion Ministry of Information Technology. However, there is a big gap between the demand for such professionals and their availability. Hence, it is seen as a lucrative career option by many in the IT Industry. An average cyber security professional earns around 7.8 lakhs annually. Noticing an increase in the number of candidates desirous of taking up a career in the cyber security industry, a number of institutes have started specialised programs in the f ield. Notable institutes like International College of Security Studies – Gurgaon, Amity University – Noida, Sharda University – Uttar Pradesh, Bradhaman Cyber Research and Training Institute – West Bengal, Asian School of Cyber Laws – Maharashtra, The National Law Institute University – Bhopal, Sarvodaya Law College, Bangalore – K a r n a t a k a , A m r it a S c h o ol of Engineering – Tamil Nadu and the University of Madras – Tamil Nadu are offering specialised courses on the subject. Sy ma ntec, a lea d i ng sof t wa re firm has offered a scholarship to 1000 women undertaking the cyber security cer t if icat ion by SSC NASSCOM. They also launched the “National Occupational Standards” for ten cyber security job roles with qualification packs in line with the National Skills Q u al if icat ion s Fr a mework ai me d at creating a pool of cyber security professionals in India. (The writer is the Co-Founder of Innefu Labs, a leading information security consulting group)
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GUEST COLUMN
Nurturing an idea is not enough: Entrepreneurship is a process best opportunity to generate equity for the entrepreneurs and as well as for the other people involved in the venture.
The Pyramid of Entrepreneurship
W
K J S Anand
ith young Indian entrepreneurs re-writing the r ules of the business game and start-ups ruling the roost, an entrepreneurship revolution is sweeping India. Putting a new business idea into action is no longer the preserve of a select few business families, with an expanding economy opening different avenues, there has taken place a greater democratization of entrepreneurial space. Leading the bandwagon of change are some of Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s best know startups. Be it Flipkart, Snapdeal, Zomato, Paytm, Ola or OYO rooms, the common underlining factor behind them is that they have been started by the first generation of businessmen in their families. This radical shift has also made entrepreneurship a lucrative career option, with many young minds hoping to create their own successful business story one day. However, amidst the economic noises, we need to ensure that the real meaning of entrepreneurship is not lost in the ambitions din over making money and generating wealth for oneself. Entrepreneurship is much more than nurturing an idea and putting it into practice; it is a process, rather a journey of breaking inertia, gaining momentum and institutionalising the process to make it self-sustaining so that it does not end with the founder or initiator of the idea but keeps moving ahead no matter who is at the helm of affairs. Accomplishing this successfully needs a lot of mental acumen, sagaciousness and vision. Moreover, a successful entrepreneurship should come out as a 66 < CAREERCONNECT < September 2016
Much like a pyramid that starts with a strong foundation and scales up strategically, the journey of entrepreneurship also comprises of multiple layers and steps that take the process to its vortex. To be able to establish a stable pyramid you need a strong innovative idea to lay a foundation and then move up cautiously in synchronisation with the industry to establish a brand that lasts much longer than the founder.
Laying the Foundation
Like any str uct ure, the jour ney of entrepreneurship begins by laying a strong foundation and building a concrete base for the enterprise. The foundation or base comes from a strong idea that is innovative enough to make a difference in the society and economy. The idea should also be sustainable enough to overcome subsequent technological and social changes. Before starting an institution, it is important to conduct comprehensive market research to assimilate the viability of the idea, and initiate the process of establishment.
Discovering a long term scalable model
Any enterprise should not only be viable in the short-term but also sustainable in the long term, with enough potential of scaling up the pyramid. In doing so, it becomes imperative to offer something that is not only innovative in the current scenario but also has enough potential to improvise in the face of changing social and economic needs. For this, it is important to look around and study the industry, learn from its experiences and start the enterprise in such a way that it leaves enough scope for further development and expansion. Models that are established without vision and comprehensive research tend to adhere to short term growth objectives, and fail to keep the momentum in the long run.
Co-opting right people to drive the mission
As discussed above, an idea should be sustainable enough to last beyond the lifetime of its founder. And to achieve this kind of sustainability, it is absolutely crucial to bring on board people who can drive the mission with zeal and vision. The people should not only be deft enough to drive the institution towards business success, but also have the vision to institute processes of research, discussion, debate and constant interactions with the industry so as to establish thinking mechanisms. One needs to understand that the people you are bringing on board should have relevant exposure in the concerned fields. From example, bringing in an out-andout marketing professionals to drive an educational institution can usher in business success but will also spell a disaster for the intellectual brand of the institution.
Institutionalising entrepreneurship
An original idea might be enough to drive an organisation for a few years into success, but it needs regular ideation and conceptual pushes to keep it moving into the next generation. New services have to be added to banks every now and then, institutions selling through brick and mortar stores need to open online selling ventures to keep themselves viable. Similarly, educational institutions too need to improvise and add value constantly to remain viable and relevant. Systemisation of entrepreneurship primarily means embedding the entire the process with self-sustaining individuals and modules. Even as the core ethics and values remain the same, the model as a whole is flexible enough to incorporate changes as per the demand of the industry and time. For an enterprise to withstand times, it is important to follow the constant process of adopting the new ideas and sustaining them. Simultaneously it is also important to shed the older ideologies to gain the pot ential to stand through centuries. (The writer is the Executive Director of IMS, Noida)
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