Suquamish News - Feb 2021

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Suquamish.nsn.us

Suquamish News

February 2021 | 1

Suquamish News Volume 21

February 2021

No. 2

Vaccinations begin!

Dr. Barbara Hoffman answers your questions - p3

In this issue ...

Executive Boards – p8-9 General Council Planning – p9 Tribal Council Statement on Insurrection – p10 Phase 2 of Tiny Homes Begins – p13

Climate Crisis and the Salish Sea – p10

Sharing Strength – p5

Suquamish News

2 | February 2021

Community Calendar Events & Meetings

Regular Hours

Suquamish.nsn.us

Testing for COVID

General Council will take place March 20 & 21, 2021. An online meeting will be held Feb. 11 on plans for General Council (see page 9).

Testing for COVID-19 is being offered to Tribal households and employees, weekdays, Government Offices 8:30am-noon, no appointment needed. Especially if you have any symptoms, please get Communications: (360) 394-7184/7102 tested. Just pull up to the back of the Tribal Administration building.

Community Dev: (360) 394-8415 Community Health: (360) 394-8468/8594 Emergency Management: (360) 394-8507 Suquamish Tribal Council Emergency Work Orders: (360) 900-7050 Tribal Council meets Feb. 1 & 16.

Emergency Utilities: (360) 710-3223 Links sent to Tribal members via Finance: (360) 394-8432 SUN or ask Rebecca Purser, (360) Fisheries: (360) 394-8438 900-8031, rebeccapurser@suquamish. Health Benefits: (360) 394-8424 nsn.us.

Human Resources: (360) 394-8409 Human Services: (360) 394-8465 Suquamish Warriors to All Suquamish Tribal Members and Their Households IT Help Desk: (360) 394-8485 For information, contact Jean Maintenance: (360) 394-8590 Belmont at (360) 601-7918.

Tribal Child Welfare: (360) 394-8480 If you would like to receive the Moderna COVID-19 vaccination, and have Tribal Court: (360) 394-8697 PME Board of Directors meets not yet been scheduled, please request here: online on Feb. 10. The SEC/PMECC/ Suquamish Elders — contact: http://bit.ly/SuqVaccine. Or leave a message at: (360) 394-7191 PMCC Board meetings will be Della Crowell (360) 394-8417 Feb. 24 @ 9am. Contact Emily Sato, Donna Sigo (360) 394-8472 Someone will call you back to schedule first and second shots. emilysato@clearwatercasino.com, (360) 598.8703 Suquamish Police Department lobby is At this time, the Tribe can only vaccinate those 18 and older. available for government-related paperQuestions? Email COVID_questions@Suquamish.nsn.us Suquamish Tribal Gaming Comm. work. Mon-Fri, 8am–4:30pm Meets online Feb. 4 & 18. Call Angela Front Desk: (360) 598-4334 Brainerd (360) 394-8652 for details.

Emergency: 911

COVID-19 Vaccines Available

Suquamish Seafoods Board meets Wellness Center online on Feb. 12 @ 10am. Seafoods Front desk: (360) 394-8558 Retail is open Thurs-Sun. Contact Shanel Crisis Hotline: (888) 910-0416 Carlson at (360) 394-8512 for details.

COVID-19 Tests and Flu Shot Suquamish Museum Board Free to Tribal members and famiMeets Feb. 24 @ 9am online. Call Janet lies, Tribal employees, and PME emSmoak at (360) 394-8499 for info. ployees, Mon.-Fri., 8:30am to 12pm

Suquamish News •

Published monthly by the Suquamish Tribe: 18490 Suquamish Way, Suquamish, WA 98392

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Email us at: communications@suquamish.nsn.us

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Send letters to: Suquamish News Editor, PO Box 498, Suquamish, WA 98392-0498

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Letters should include the writer’s full name, address, and home telephone and may be edited for clarity and space.

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All photo submissions must be made in JPG or PDF form, with resolution of 300 dpi or more.

tix̌ix̌dxʷ tiił bək̓ʷakʷbixʷ Take care of all people

On the Cover Dr. Lisa Pratt vaccinates a Suquamish Tribal Elder during the first days of the Tribe’s vaccination effort in January. (Photo by Jon Anderson.)

Suquamish Tribal Council Leonard Forsman

Chairman

Wayne George

Vice-Chair

Nigel Lawrence

Secretary

Robin L.W. Sigo

Treasurer

Rich Purser

Member

Sammy Mabe

Member

Luther Mills, Jr.

Member

Reproduction of Suquamish News, in whole or in part, without written permission from the Suquamish Tribe is strictly prohibited.

Production Staff Leonard Forsman Sarah van Gelder Jon Anderson JoAnn Joe Heather Purser

Editorial Policy

Editor-in-Chief Managing Editor News Editor Photography/Design Editorial Intern

Publishers of the Suquamish News reserve the right to refuse publication of letters to the editor and guest editorials. Submission of editorials and letters is encouraged. However, they represent the opinion of the author and not necessarily that of the Suquamish Tribe. As such, we reserve the right to refuse to print any letter, for any reason.

Suquamish.nsn.us

Suquamish News

February 2021 | 3

Your Vaccination Questions Answered As the Suquamish Tribe completes the first round of Moderna vaccinations, Dr. Barbara Hoffman, Suquamish Community Health Nurse, answers questions she most often hears.

A

s Suquamish Tribe completes its first round of inoculations against COVID-19, here are some of the most frequently asked questions of Tribal health professionals. Tribal Public Health Officer Dr. Barbara Hoffman took a break from administering vaccines, and her other duties as community health nurse, to respond to these questions.

Q: Have there been any serious incidents during vaccination?

We had one person briefly pass out shortly after getting their shot. But he recovered very quickly, and was up and walking around within minutes. We had another person who left after their observation period but started feeling like her face and tongue was swelling.

She turned around and came back. We had EMS on the way immediately. After they checked her out, she was good enough to go home.

high fevers. One person had a very solid case of flu-like symptoms. She was uncomfortable with a high fever for a couple of days.

Q: If I’ve been vaccinated, can I still get COVID-19?

Yes, it’s possible. It takes about six weeks from the first shot for your body to build up enough antibodies to fight off the disease. During that time, you’re vulnerable.

scheduler should be calling soon to set that up. If you have any questions, please call 360-394-7191.

Q: Has anyone had serious side effects after getting vaccinated?

For the most it’s just been sore arms. That’s been the biggest complaint. We’ve had a few people call about

Left and Above, Tribal Elder Larry Jones and Tribal Council Secretary Nigel Lawrence receive vaccinations. Right, Suquamish Community Health Nurse Dr. Barbara Hoffman prepares a vaccination.

After that initial period, about 5 percent of people who have gotten the vaccine still get sick. The good news is that the latest studies show that people who have been vaccinated typically don’t get as sick as people who have not been vaccinated. We know that for sure now. People who get the vaccine, but still get COVID, usually don’t get as severely ill or need to go to the hospital as often.

Q: When do I need to get my second dose?

You should get your second dose of the vaccine at least 28 days after you got your first dose. It doesn’t have to be exactly 28 days, but within a few days is best. If you received your vaccination from the Tribe, your

Q: Will the second dose make me feel worse than the first?

Maybe. Systemic reactions — flu-like symptoms — are more prominent with the second dose. So, those who had an uncomfortable reaction to the first dose may feel reluctant to get their second dose. But you should still definitely get the second vaccine because that’s the only way to get up to the 95 percent protection. If you do experience flu-like symptoms, they will usually be limited to 24 to 48 hours. And like with the first dose, many won’t have any reaction at all. I’ve talked with a few people who’ve already had their second dose, and for some it was nothing, and others described it as a really bad hangover or like the flu.

Q: When will I be fully protected?

Most people will be fully protected two weeks after getting their second dose. So, if you get your second shot exactly 28 days after your first shot, the whole process should take a total of six weeks.

Q: I’ve heard we may go to getting one dose only. Is that true?

No. The instructions from the FDA have not changed.

Moderna is still a two-dose protocol. Providing only one dose has not been tested.

Q: Can I still be a carrier of the virus after I get vaccinated?

We don’t know yet. It’s possible you could still have (Continued next page)

4 | February 2021

(Vaccine Q&A, continued from page 3)

Suquamish News

Suquamish.nsn.us

Taiwanese Vistors Deliver Masks to Tribe

the virus in your nasal cavity, but not get sick because you’re vaccinated, yet still be contagious and pass the virus to someone else. That’s why we have to keep wearing masks and doing all the things we’ve been doing. While pretty soon everyone in the Tribe who wants to be vaccinated will be vaccinated, most of the county and state have barely gotten started. Plus, there’s that 5 percent of people who have been vaccinated who could still get sick.

Q: When can we get back to normal? By General Council?

That’s hard to say, but by General Council is probably too early. And not because we won’t be vaccinated by then, but because the rest of the region and country hasn’t been vaccinated by then. Until we have a much better handle on the rest of our community, it just won’t be safe, and the virus can still spread and do harm.

Just on the Reservation alone, there’s 8000 people, and a huge proportion of them are non-Native. But we’re still interacting with them on a regular basis. And then add on all the surrounding communities where our people live and interact. So that’s the challenge — when do they get vaccinated? You need 70 to 80 percent to reach herd immunity, so that’s a lot of people. The rest of the county is going to catch up with us eventually, but it’s going to be months. At the earliest, we’re probably looking at this summer before we can stop wearing masks.

Q: When will children be able to get vaccinated?

We’re a ways out from that. Currently, only those 18 and over can get vaccinated. Studies are underway now for those 12 and up, but they are not saying they’ll have those done in time for school next year. That might change, but we still haven’t even started studies for really young kids under 12 yet.

Q: I’m waiting to get vaccinated. Will I still be able to get vaccinated by the Tribe later?

Yes. There are a few people who haven’t gotten vaccinated yet and are in wait-and-see mode. They want to see how things shake out. I just want to reassure them that we’re going to be here when they’re ready to get vaccinated. At some point we’ll stop doing these big vaccination clinics, but we’ll still be able to vaccinate them out of the COVID testing site. We just have to do them in groups of ten, because that’s how many doses have to be thawed in each batch, so it may take a little longer to get scheduled.

A delegation of Taiwanese representatives delivered thousands of protective masks to the Suquamish Tribe during a visit to Suquamish Seafoods on Dec. 30. From left to right: Taiwanese Chamber of Commerce North America-Vice President James Hsu, Cultural Center of Taipei Economic and Cultural Office Director Hsiao-Chu Wu, Suquamish Seafood Enterprises Board Chairman JimBob Armstrong, Infinity Management Group Manager Jenny Kung, Tribal Council member Luther Jay Mills, Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Seattle Director General Daniel Kuo-ching Chen, and Suquamish Seafoods Manager Tony Forsman.

Lushootseed suEabSucid Phrase of the Month

hiwil sqʷutab!

Means: go away disease - what we use for Covid-19

COVID Masks

If you or your family need cloth masks, please contact Cherrie May at cmay@suquamish.nsn.us or 360 394-8507.

COVID questions can be sent to Covid_questions@suquamish.nsn.us

Suquamish Tribe Parents and Guardians

If you need help connecting with a tutor or academic coach, or want to sign your student up for Study Tables, or have technology questions about online classes, call (360) 3948645 or email tchargualaf@suquamish.nsn. us to get pointed in the right direction.

Suquamish.nsn.us

Suquamish News

February 2021 | 5

Culture

Tribal Members Share Their Strength “It is important to take time to strengthen your spirit so you can meet the most difficult things that come into your life.” – Marilyn Wandrey

W

hen life starts to feel overwhelming, Hemeh Alexis walks beside the waves at Jeff Head beach picking up pieces of old glass and shells or rocks that stand out to her among the others.

For Hemeh, what she finds are more than just small treasures to admire. “I am always looking for signs that everything will be okay,” she says. “The things I pick up feel like those signs for me.”

Jeff Head is her medicine, the same as it was for her mother, Angie, and so many other Suquamish people.

It doesn’t matter what kind of day it is outside; when her spirit tells her it’s time to go, Hemeh does her best to get it to the beach it wants to go to.

“The whole world is just so tense right now,” says Kippie Joe, a Tribal weaver. “I am careful I don’t put any extra stress on my loved ones.”

Knowing her friends and family already worry about her health and well-being, Kippie says she takes extra good care of herself to ease their concern. She does so by isolating herself at home and doing things to help her hold onto her positivity. Kippie says that even though staying busy with her art and working on her DIY home renovations are good for her spirit, alone, they wouldn’t be enough.

“Every day, I sit down in my chair and think about

all the things in my life that have given me joy,” Kippie says. She takes time out for this even though she’s thought about gratitude for so long it comes naturally to her now and is always present in her mind.

Like Kippie, Tribal Elders Marilyn Wandrey, Betty Pasco, and Julie Haubrich have seen their lists of gratitude grow longer in this last year despite the hardships it has brought.

“It feels good when I think about all that our Tribal Council has done for us to know that we’re being thought of and cared about,” says Julie, who, like her mother, Marilyn, uses various cultural teachings to help her process the changes we are seeing and adjust to new ways.

Each week she looks forward to the singing and drumming she participates in with her friends at work in the Puyallup Tribal Health Center’s dental clinic. Julie values the time spent working, talking, and laughing with them.

When she comes back to Suquamish in the evenings, she focuses on her appreciation of hearing the voices of her relatives living nearby; she feels the energy of the nature surrounding her home — the way the stars look above the trees in her yard, and all the quiet.

Even at the ages of 85 and 89, Suquamish Tribal Elder Betty Pasco and her husband Duane Pasco are still making dreams for their future and coming up with ideas for projects they will work on after the virus.

Betty recently battled COVID-19 and, to protect her husband who has already been working through his own major health issues, moved below the house into the studio Duane had built years before. Isolating

herself for ten days, Betty woke alone in the mornings missing her husband. She recalls most clearly the warmth of being surrounded by the beauty of his craftsmanship throughout the studio and staring gratefully out her window into the magnificence of each new day.

Now that she is better and living back upstairs with Duane, Betty is excited for every day they have and everything they get to do together, even if they are just out on a small errand, driving in the rain. It’s how their relationship has always been, she says. “We are always just so full of gratitude for each other,” and none of the struggles brought on by these times has changed that.

Chris Purser, a young Tribal fisherman, shares how he has been keeping himself balanced by playing with his six-month-old son Nico and enjoying the sounds of him learning to talk. He looks forward to the hours of spending time with his partner, Jolene, who he calls his best friend, and taking their son for walks together.

Chris says these are the moments that provide him with strength when it’s most needed.

Chris also spends a lot of his time coming up with plans for his future. He studies new things that interest him and is always working at bettering himself. “I think that when people in the Tribe take care of themselves, they are also taking care of the community,” he says.

“When we are at our best, we can give our best, and someday, after COVID, I want to be in a position where I can help people. I want to give back to our Tribe that has helped me through so much.”

By Heather Purser

6 | February 2021

Suquamish News

Suquamish.nsn.us

Government

Chairman’s Report

W

e are a month into 2021, and our future is getting brighter.

The Suquamish Tribe is vaccinating our Tribal citizens and essential workers with the Moderna vaccine. This is the first step in our battle to defeat the COVID-19 pandemic. We have witnessed the inauguration of a new President who has made a meaningful commitment “to upholding the U.S.’s trust responsibility to Tribal nations, strengthening the Nation-to-Nation relationship between the United States and Indian tribes, and working to empower Tribal nations to govern their own communities.” The new administrations in Washington D.C. and in Olympia give us a better opportunity to further the Suquamish Tribe’s goals of protecting our waters and streams from pollution, preserving our cultural traditions, educating our children, and providing quality health care. However, this is not a guarantee, and we must and will continue to “tell our story” and fight for the values and traditions our Creator gave us to protect and defend.

Treaty resource protection, including salmon, shellfish and wildlife and the lands and waters they rely on for their survival, is a top priority. We attend numerous meetings to advocate for the protection our natural environment.

Balancing these efforts with the inev-

itable growth in our region is a great challenge.

We continue to participate in the Gorst Executive Committee meetings to monitor the development of traffic improvement projects in the Gorst Corridor. This work is essential to the operations of the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and the growing business footprint at the Port of Bremerton, however this is a traditional Suquamish fishing site and cultural landscape that needs protection and enhancement. We are working with the City of Bremerton, Port of Bremerton, US Navy, Kitsap County, Representative Derek Kilmer, State Senator Emily Randall, and the private sector to find an acceptable project proposal.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-Seattle District is now led Col. Alexander Bullock. We had our first meeting with Col. Bullock who has stated his support for treaty rights protection. We are waiting to see if he will demonstrate this through his actions.

We rely on the USACOE to protect our treaty fishing rights and resources by not issuing permits for in-water projects such as docks and mooring buoys that deny us access to our ancient fishing grounds and/or harm the habitat. I also met with U.S. Coast Guard leadership to discuss the Ports and Waterways Safety System (PAWSA) plan. The USCG had

to change the plan, which is intended to improve safety and avoid accidents, to include the input of Tribal governments who were not consulted in the plan’s early development. We are making sure that the Coast Guard considers impacts of their vessel traffic management on Tribal fisheries.

We recently met with council members from the Swinomish and Tulalip Tribes to discuss treaty rights protection in our shared usual and accustomed fishing areas. We look forward to more of these intertribal efforts to protect our fisheries.

Addressing the impacts of climate change is an important part of our efforts to protect treaty fishing rights.

Often these goals are the same; especially when it comes to creating resilience to the warming climate by investing in habitat restoration. I participated in two climate forums in an effort to keep Tribal priorities at the forefront of climate change policy.

The Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians held their second Tribal Climate Resiliency Session, where I provided a welcome message, and the WA Climate Assembly, where I provided a keynote message for their first meeting. The WA Climate Assembly is a group of 80 randomly selected Washingtonians that will meet to learn, discuss, and deliberate on recommendations about climate mitigation that will be forwarded to the state legislature.

Addressing the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts continues to be a front and center issue at the Tribal government. We participated in the last two calls from the White House before President-Elect Biden replaced President Trump. We received updates from Dr. Birx during the intergovernmental call about the increased infection rate across the country. The Indian Health Service provided us with updates on vaccination distribution during the Tribal government call. The U.S. Department of the Treasury held a call on the COVID-19 rental assistance program for Tribal governments. We have applied for this money and hope that we can distribute it to Tribal citizens who qualify.

We also continued our engagement

with the Biden-Harris transition team.

The Health and Human Services transition group held a meeting with Tribal leaders to discuss our priorities for the new administration. Full funding of our health programs was one of the top requests. I also joined other Tribal leaders in a meeting with Secretary of Interior nominee Deb Haaland (Laguna Pueblo) to discuss our vision for the Interior Department.

Consultation with state and local governments continues, especially with the beginning of the legislative session in Olympia. There are several bills in the legislature regarding police reform and the use of deadly force. This is especially relevant now in light of the George Floyd and the Stonechild Chiefstick homicides. State House of Representatives leaders held a meeting to discuss police reform bills with relatives of those lost to police shootings that are seeking new ways to fairly investigate these incidents.

State Representative Deb Lekanoff held a meeting with Tribal leaders to discuss a bill to address the Growth Management Act, which is due for a reform effort. We want to preserve this law as it helps us prevent sprawl and protects our habitat and ecosystems.

We have been monitoring some cultural issues with the City of Poulsbo despite our decision to halt non-treaty related government-to-government relations. We have been using a volunteer emissary and some volunteer Suquamish Tribal members to provide information to city leaders on the Suquamish Tribal community’s vision for our past, present and future relationship. In support of increased recognition of racial justice in Kitsap County, I participated in the Kitsap Human Rights Meeting, held on Martin Luther King’s Birthday, by providing a welcome statement.

The National Congress of American Indians held their monthly Executive Committee where we received updates on Indian cases proceeding to the Supreme Court, our search for a new executive director and an update on the Presidential transition. Another intertribal meeting, the Washington Indian Gaming Association, also held

Suquamish News

Suquamish.nsn.us

February 2021 | 7

Government

their monthly meeting. WIGA’s agenda includes the new legislative session and the progress being made on sports wagering compacts that will bring sports betting to Tribal casinos.

Cultural resource protection initiatives continue to need our support.

The efforts by Tribes and researchers to oppose the relocation of the Sand Point Archives in Seattle has been led by the Burke Museum and Attorney General Bob Ferguson. I have talked to several newspapers and attended hearings sponsored by the Burke and by AG Ferguson. Let’s hope we can save this facility whose collections have had such an instrumental role in preserving our history and culture. I also participated in a couple of interviews regarding historic preservation. A consultant working for Landmark, Illinois, interviewed me for a project that is attempting to make historic preservation more relevant and supportive of people of color and Tribal nations. I was also presented Tribal priorities for the new Salish Sea National Heritage Area. The designation will help Tribal museums and Tribal governments to tell the story of their cultural and historical connections to our respective ancestral waters.

Chief Kitsap Academy has developed a draft re-opening plan for in-class instruction. CKA has been closed to onsite instruction since March 2020 due to COVID-19. If the virus infection rates continue to decrease, we might be able to implement this plan.

By Leonard Forsman, Chairman

Ask the Police

Can Suquamish Police Arrest Non-Natives?

Question: To what degree does SPD have jurisdiction over enforcing laws on non-Tribal members? ince the Oliphant Supreme Court Case, it has been clear that Tribal Police anywhere in the United States can detain any non-Tribal person for violations of federal, state or Tribal laws, and can detain them until they can be turned over to the appropriate federal or state authorities. For the purpose of the law, any person who is not a member of a Tribe recognized by the U.S. Government is considered “non-native.”

In 2018 the Suquamish Police also gained the ability to enforce Washington State Laws directly. The Suquamish

S

Tax Time Suquamish Finance Update 2020 IRS Form W2 for employees and Form 1099 for contractors will be mailed this month. The IRS requires they be postmarked by 1/31/2021.

Tribal Members - Reminder to keep your address up to date with the Enrollment Department.

Note: 2020 Tribal Distributions are non-taxable. You will NOT be receiving an IRS form for these. Questions? Email: Finance_Info@suquamish.nsn.us

Police Department is a Tribal police agency, but is also a certified Washington State Law enforcement agency. All Suquamish Officers are both Tribal Police Officers, as well as Certified Washington State General Authority Officers.

Suquamish Officers meet (and usually dramatically exceed) all of the training and background standards of any other officer in Washington State.

There is a Washington State Law called RCW 10.92; Chief Lasnier was on the committee that drafted it, working under the leadership of Representative John McCoy of the Tulalip Tribe (now Senator McCoy), and was part of the reconciliation group between the Washington State House and Senate to develop the final draft of the Bill that passed into law. That law allows Tribal Police who meet certain standards to enforce Washington State Law on non-natives within their reservations.

Part of RCW 10.92 includes a “Memorandum of Understanding” between the Tribe and any non-Tribal agencies that have overlapping jurisdiction on the reservation. This clarifies which agency will be handling which types of cases, so there is not confusion among the officers and deputies at 2am on a Saturday morning. The objective is to ensure we don’t have two police officers from two different agencies doing the work that could easily be done by one officer, wasting public dollars. Simply put, the Tribe handles lower-level crimes involving non-Natives if they occur on Tribal land or businesses, as well as arresting anyone with warrants, and processing our own DUI stops. Crimes against persons or felonies are first offered to the County Sheriff ’s deputies, and Suquamish will only conduct the investigation if there is no deputy available, or if we are asked to handle it by a Kitsap Sheriff ’s supervisor.

Kitsap County is receiving tax income to provide law enforcement services for cases involving non-Native offenders, so major or time-consuming cases are best handled by those being paid to handle them.

Additionally, there is also a federal law called “Special Domestic Violence Jurisdiction,” which is part of the Vi-

olence Against Women Act. This law allows Tribal Police and Tribal Courts to arrest, charge, and hold trials for certain non-Natives who commit domestic violence crimes in Indian Country.

Question: Does jurisdiction over Suquamish Tribal members differ from non-Suquamish Tribal members? n criminal matters, no. All members of federally recognized Tribes are subject to the jurisdiction of the Tribal court, and/or federal court in the case of a major crime.

Chief Lasnier loves talking about these topics. If you’d like more details, please feel free to call him at (360) 340-0695 and he’ll gladly share everything he knows about these matters.

I

Have questions for the Suquamish Police?

Send them to communications@suquamish.nsn.us. We will remove any names or email addresses before forwarding them to Chief Lasnier for response.

It’s a two-way street

Masks protect you & me When we all wear masks, we take care of each other

Wear masks, avoid crowds, stay 6 feet apart, and wash your hands

Take all four steps for the most protection

cdc.gov/coronavirus 321378-A

Suquamish News

8 | February 2021

Suquamish.nsn.us

Government

Executive Boards

Suquamish Housing Board

S

uquamish Tribal Council announced the following appointments for Executive Boards and Commissions.

Executive Boards are made up of Suquamish Tribal Members, appointed by the Suquamish Tribal Council. Appointments are for three-year terms. Board members are paid stipends as allowed by charter /ordinance Tribal Council is still recruiting a TCW committee member. This position will be a one-year term replacing a member who stepped down. Tribal Council is also recruiting for a youth to fill the youth position on the Culture Committee. Deadline for applications is February 16, 2021. Letters of interest can be submitted to Rebecca Purser at rebeccapurser@suquamish.nsn.us.

Port Madison Enterprises

Position#

Name

Office

Term Duration

1

Danielle Morsette

Chairperson

Dec. 31, 2023

2

Rich Purser

TC Liaison

Appt. Annually

3

Jim Henry

Member

Dec. 31, 2022

4

Patricia Chargualaf

Member

Dec. 31, 2022

5

Mable Anderson

Member

Dec 31, 2021

Enrollment Committee Position#

Name

Office

Term Duration

1

Member

Dec. 31, 2023

Member

Dec. 31, 2021

Member

Dec. 31, 2022

Position#

Name

Office

Term Duration

1

Shelley Wood

Member

Dec. 31, 2021

2

Greg George

President

Dec. 31, 2021

3

Rob Purser Jr

Member

Dec. 31. 2023

3

Windy Anderson Martha George-Sachava Lois Sullivan

4

Brenda Guerrero

Vice President

Dec. 31, 2023

4

Mable Anderson

Member

Dec. 31, 2022

5

Cheryl Lawrence

Secretary/Treasurer

Dec. 31, 2022

5

Sarah George

Member

Dec. 31, 2022

6

Andrew George

Member

Dec. 31, 2022

6

Brenda Guerrero

Member

Dec. 31, 2022

7

Sammy Mabe

TC Liaison

Appt. Annually

7

Robin Sigo

TC Liaison

Appt. Annually

2

Suquamish Tribal Gaming Commission Position#

Name

Office

Term Duration

1

Barb Santos

Vice-Chairperson

Dec. 31, 2023

2

Joshua Bagley

Commissioner

Dec. 31, 2021

3

Roger Contraro

Commissioner

Dec. 31, 2022

4

William Gemmell

5

Wayne George

TC Liaison

Tribal Child Welfare Committee Position#

Name

Office

Term Duration

1

Member

Dec. 31, 2021

Member

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2022

2

Open for Recruitment Cori Silvey

Appt. Annually

3

Rob Purser Jr

Member

Dec. 31, 2023

4

Agnes Pratt

Member

Dec. 31, 2023

5

Robin Sigo/ Sammy Mabe

TC Liaison

Appt. Annually

Suquamish Seafoods Board Position#

Name

Office

Term Duration

1

Alexis Anderson

TBD

Dec. 31, 2023

2

David Sigo Sr.

Vice-President

Dec. 31, 2023

3

Lorraine Brice

Board Member

Dec. 31, 2022

Position#

4

Misty Castaneda - Ortiz Luther "Jay" Mills Jr Josh Bagley

Treasurer/Secretary

Dec.31, 2021

1

TC Liaison

Appt. Annually

Diver Representative

Dec. 31, 2021

Diver Representative

Dec. 31, 2021

5 6 7

Cameron Lawrence

Higher Education Board Name

Office

Term Duration

Member

Dec. 31, 2021

2

Lena Purser- Maloney Charles Deam Jr.

Member

Dec. 31, 2021

3

Barbara Lawrence

Member

Dec. 31, 2023

4

Brittany Bakken

Member

Dec. 31, 2022

5

Nigel Lawrence

Tribal Council

Appt. Annually

Suquamish News

Suquamish.nsn.us

February 2021 | 9

Government

Suquamish Museum Board Position#

Name

Office

Term Duration

1

Della Crowell

Dec. 31, 2022

2

Dec. 31, 2022

3

Lena PurserMaloney Denita Holmes

Dec. 31, 2021

4

Rosie Bayes

Dec. 31, 2021

5

Leonard Forsman

TC Liaison

Appt. Annually

6

Shelley Wood

PME Rep

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7

Marilyn Wandrey

Suq Foundation Rep

Appt. Annually

Culture Committee Position#

Name

Office

Term Duration

Tyleeander Purser

Member

Dec. 31, 2021

Donna Sigo

Elder Member

Dec. 31, 2022

Kate Ahvakana

Member

Dec. 31, 2023

Luther " Jay" Mills Jr

TC Liaison

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Jonathan Glover Says Goodbye General Council Candidate Statements Are you interested in serving on Tribal Council?

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f you would like to provide a candidate statement for the March 2021 Suquamish News, please submit no more than 450 words by Thursday, February 18.

If you prefer, someone from the Communications Team can interview you about your candidacy and assist with drafting your statement.

In either case, please send to Communications@Suquamish.nsn.us. You may also send an optional photo to be included with your statement.

My name is Jonathan Glover. I have had the privilege of working for the Suquamish Tribe and serving the Suquamish community for the past 15 years at the Wellness Center. After much deliberation, and with a heavy heart, I have decided to tender my resignation. As many of you have done over the last year, I struggled with balancing time while working and having my young children at home. Ultimately, I have decided to dedicate quite a bit more time to being more available to my family. It has been an honor and a privilege to serve the Suquamish Tribe and community. I am impressed with the growth the Tribe has made over the years, and am humbled by your tenacity, support and generosity. If anyone has questions, concerns, or would just like to talk before March, don’t hesitate to call or email me. Bless you, and thank you all.

General Council 2021 Public Hearing on planning set for Feb. 11

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ribal Council is continuing to make plans for the annual General Council meeting, to be held over the weekend of March 20-21.

Because of the continued surge of COVID-19 infections throughout the country and in Kitsap County, the meeting will be held online, with drive-thru voting for the election.

Current plans for General Council will be provided at an online public hearing on Feb. 11 at 5pm. Tribal members are encouraged to attend to hear the plans and give input. The public hearing will focus on the streamlined agenda for General Council and the election of Tribal Council positions including how to handle the positions up for election in 2020 and 2021.

A link to the meeting will be sent out via SUN text and email. If you haven’t already, you can sign up for SUN at: www.suquamish.nsn.us/suquamish-updates-now.

General Council Plan Proposed

Saturday March 20, 2021 (Online, with times to be determined)

• • • • •

Call to Order Opening statement from Tribal Chairman Nominations* Reports/business/any GC Resolutions Candidate Statements

*If only two candidates are nominated per position, then just the General Election will run on Sunday, and polls could stay open 8:30 AM to 5:30 PM

Sunday March 21, 2021

8:30 am: Meeting is opened (Online) • • • • • • • •

Primary Polls Open (drive-thru) 12:00 PM: Primary Polls Close Votes tabulated and announced (Online) 1:30 PM: General Election Polls Open (drive-thru) 5:30 PM: General Election Polls Close Votes Tabulated and announced (Online) Swearing-In by Judge Smith (Online) Meeting Adjourned

10 | February 2021

Suquamish News

Tribal Council Statement:

Tell the Truth Respect the Constitution Uphold the Law End White Supremacy Court to tell the truth and to uphold the law, including treaties, many of which were signed in the very same U.S. Capitol that was desecrated by the anti-American mob on January 6, 2021. We call on these leaders to renew their commitment to honesty, fairness, and justice.

Most Americans have now repudiated white supremribal leaders were saddened by the events that occurred in the nation’s capital on Wednesday. We acism, as we saw in the nationwide Black Lives Matter can’t say we were shocked. President Trump has been protests following the killing of George Floyd and in empowering white supremacist and anti-democratic the landslide rejection of Trump’s re-election bid. An sentiments throughout his campaign and his presidency. angry mob should not distract us from the fact that As Indian people, we know the impacts and dangers of millions of Americans voted for change.

With the help of Native peoples, President Joe Biden racism, as past federal policies attempted to assimilate us into the “American” mainstream in a vain attempt to and Senator Kamala Harris will be inaugurated presierase our presence in this nation and deny us our legal dent and vice president on January 20, and they have already named a Native American woman, Rep. Deb rights.

Haaland, to lead the Department of the Interior. White Jan. 6, 2021 will be remembered as the day an angry supremacy is a failed belief system, and it will not mob tried to bring down our Constitution and overstand. turn a fair and just election. The rule of law held, howThis is our history, this is the truth. Stop telling lies ever. The attack was defeated. to our children. Remember, our Constitution is sacred, Just as we Tribal leaders are held accountable to our our treaties are sacred, our democracy is sacred, and people’s expectation that we are honest, fair, and just, our people are sacred. Let’s start treating them as such. we rely on the President, Congress, and the Supreme The following statement was released by the Suquamish Tribal Council and the Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribal Council on January 12, 2021, following the insurrection at the U.S. Capitol.

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Suquamish.nsn.us

The Global Climate Crisis:

What It Means to Suquamish Waters

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s we emerge from the pandemic, we are returning to address an even greater threat — Climate Change. Climate change is complex and can feel both overwhelming and scary, especially to the generations to come who will face much more difficult conditions if we fail to take actions.

Over the next few months, we will summarize some of the observed changes in the environment happening around the world as well as right here in Suquamish.

Sharing this information about climate change (and its impacts) allows us the opportunity to discuss and address it as both a local community and as part of the global society. The information we share will help prepare our community to make informed decisions about which actions to take, and when.

Suquamish are among the first people of this land, united both by the Salish Sea and a deep cultural value of environmental stewardship. It is a traditional belief that all life (including that of humans) came from the sea. For this reason, we will begin our discussion of climate change with the ways in which it is impacting our water systems.

The Cause of Climate Change Since industrialization, our global economy has been powered by burning carbon-based fuels (coal, oil, and gas). When burned, these fuels release carbon dioxide [CO2] which accumulates in the atmosphere.

The Earth’s atmosphere acts like a greenhouse; sunshine penetrates the atmosphere and warms the surface and air, much like how sunlight warms the interior of a greenhouse. The heat rises, but some of it is trapped from escaping to space by the atmosphere (which acts as the glass walls of a greenhouse), keeping the Earth in a temperature balance that life has evolved to thrive in.

Additional CO2 from burned fossil fuels thickens the atmosphere and prevents more of the heat from escaping, raising the temperature of Earth. This is known as “The Greenhouse Effect.”

On average, the temperature across our planet has risen 1 degree Celsius since industrialization. But in some areas like the Artic, the temperature has risen much further, causing much more rapid climate change than what is seen elsewhere throughout the globe.

Ocean Acidification A quarter of the carbon dioxide [CO2] we are releasing gets absorbed into the ocean and undergoes a chemical reaction that makes the water more acidic.

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February 2021 | 11

All the CO2 emitted since the Industrial revolution has increased ocean acidification by 30 percent.

Ocean acidification is corrosive — it makes it harder for shellfish to form their shells and, in some places, the shells of larval clams and crab are dissolving. It does other things scientists are just beginning to understand, like making it harder for some fish to detect predators.

Ocean Warming Oceans cover 70 percent of the Earth’s surface. Sunlight that hits polar ice is reflected back into space by a process known as albedo. The process of albedo has helped to keep the average global temperature stable as long as polar ice has existed. However, 90 percent of the sunlight that hits water is adsorbed as heat. As the ice melts (due to increases in temperature caused by the greenhouse effect) and more water is exposed, more of the sun’s heat is again absorbed by water instead of being reflected back into space by ice.

As polar ice melts (turning back into a liquid state for the first time in hundreds of thousands of years), water volume increases and sea levels rise. This is not good for many reasons, but most especially for humans. Most of humanity lives near the ocean, and as it expands to cover entire communities, millions of people will be displaced. The heat from the warming ocean not only causes the ocean levels to rise, but also increases the frequency and intensity of storms. Last year was the hottest and stormiest year on record, with 23 tropical storms and hurricanes.

Marine Heatwaves While heatwaves on land can last weeks, heatwaves in the ocean can last years. Studying what happens to life during ocean heatwaves can give us a window into the future.

Worldwide, the frequency of marine heatwaves has doubled since 1982. The biggest since 1982 happened in the Pacific Ocean from 2014 to 2016. At one point the water reached 5.5 degrees C above normal — a huge increase for fish that are used to 8 to 10 degree C water. That event caused widespread disruption to the marine food web. Nearly a million seabirds died, seals were found starving along the West Coast, and few salmon returned to the Puget Sound. Suquamish fishers will recall that the Coho that did return were half the normal size.

Atlantic fisheries show us what to expect from the gradual warming of the ocean. Fish species usually caught off Florida are now common much further north. Fish go to where the water suits them, so as the temperature rise, they are heading toward the poles.

(Continued page 12)

Infographic: The Nature Conservancy/ Erica Simek Sloniker

12 | February 2021

(Continued from page 11) Harmful Algal Blooms The marine heatwave also trigged a devastating bloom of harmful algae that spread from California to Alaska. Algae are single-celled plants that form the base of the food web. They also produce half the oxygen we breathe. Under the right conditions of temperature and nutrients, they double rapidly into blooms that can be seen from space. Some algae blooms are toxic, and some have caused massive mortality among various species. In 2015, the marine heatwave triggered a bloom of algae that contained domoic acid, a toxin that can cause brain damage. Sardines and other fish ate the toxic algae, and they were in turn eaten by crabs, birds, fish, and marine mammals. Levels were so high that the West Coast crab fishery was closed, resulting in a $97 million loss.

Food Webs Food webs (network maps of who eats whom) are a key part of the tremendously complex, yet balanced, networks between plants, animals, fungi, and other forms of life that formed over millennia to coexist in a specific place or habitat. Over the past century, humans have destroyed many natural habitats and disrupted big parts of food webs. Each species follows its own pattern of life — birth, growth, reproduction and death. The timing of each phase is governed by patterns of rainfall, temperature, water chemistry, and sunlight. Climate change is shifting all of these patterns. For example, in some places, flowers are blooming before the pollinators arrive. Or inversely, pollinators are arriving before flowers bloom.

Nature is resilient After a hundred years of abuse, salmon still return to the streams of Puget Sound.

When dams are removed the salmon return to their homes. Suquamish has fought alongside many other Tribes and allies to protect the environment for decades.

The Tribe’s Natural Resource Department works to protect and restore habitat, ensure hazardous waste sites are cleaned up, and get beaches certified for shellfish harvest. These actions make the environment

Suquamish News

more resilient to climate change but much more needs to be done. As more and more humans recognize they are part of nature (and not somehow separate or above it) we can change our relationship from harming nature to healing it. Many people have decided to begin this transformation now.

From the greatest minds developing new ways to generate energy from sunlight or wind — making each cheaper than generating energy from coal, oil or gas — to using compostable plastics and household products.

It is projected that solar installation/ design jobs will increase by 50 percent over the next 10 years. Those who make the most of this opportunity will prosper, while helping to ensure their children and grandchildren can have the same relationship with nature as they have.

For Suquamish people, this is a time when ancestral knowledge of the land with teachings of stewardship and reciprocity can, and will, help undo nearly two centuries of incalculable damage.

By Paul Williams and Noel Purser

Suquamish.nsn.us

In Memoriam

Mary Ann Rose Youngblood

M

ary Ann Rose Youngblood, 75, of Suquamish, Wash., passed away peacefully on Dec, 25, 2020, at the Forest Ridge Health and Rehabilitation Center in Bremerton, WA. Born in Salem, Oregon she was the daughter of Alfred W. Youngblood, Sr. and Vivian Cora (Larson) Youngblood.

Mary Ann worked for many years in Washington, D.C. as an auditor for a retail clerks union. After her retirement, she returned to her beloved home in the Pacific Northwest. Mary Ann was a proud member of the Suquamish Tribe and enjoyed spending time with her many friends there. She will be sadly missed by everyone who knew her.

At a graveside ceremony, Tribal Elder Della Crowell described Youngblood as “a character, but she also had a very kind heart.”

Crowell said on several occasions she caught Youngblood secretly doing some good deed for others, “but she made me promise not to tell anyone.”

She was also praised as an active member of the community, and equal parts friend and ever-present prodder of Tribal Council.

“I feel like I can speak for myself, Tribal Council, and any of the other Tribal Council men and women who have sat in those seats over the years, she is going to be sorely missed,” said Tribal Council member Sammy Mabe, who also officiated over the ceremony. “She was such a frequent flyer at our meetings, and we

often joked about her being the eighth member of council.”

Suquamish Tribe Chairman Leonard Forsman praised her involvement in Tribal Journeys and other Tribal community events, as well her persistence and engagement with Tribal government.

“You know, when you got a call and saw who it was, you never knew what you were going to get. Okay, is this a complaint or is this an opportunity? But it was always both with her. That was the thing about Mary Ann, and what I liked about her; when she had a problem, she usually had a suggestion to go with it, which I really appreciated,” said Forsman.

“She was very engaged, but also protective of the Council too. I felt like, as much as she held us to account, she also encouraged others to come to the meetings and make their voices heard,” Forsman added. “But also, oftentimes, she knew there were people that didn’t have that in them to do, so she would carry the water for them.”

Mary Ann is survived by her brother Alfred W. Youngblood, Jr.

Suquamish.nsn.us

Second Phase of Tiny Homes Construction to Begin

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n 2020, the Department of Community Development was directed to begin the second phase of the tiny homes or “Tiny Homes 2.0,” as the project team members call it. Tribal Council approved six additional units that will be located at the end of Fern Street in Suquamish. Although the project was delayed due to the pandemic and other obstacles, it is now underway.

The partially prefabricated units were delivered in November. They are staged in the Suquamish Ballfield parking lot until infrastructure work is completed, including connecting the site to county sewer and water services, as well as construction of parking spaces for each unit.

Once the infrastructure work is finished, the units will be installed on site and the DCD construction crew will finish the interiors of the units. Project managers are hopeful they’ll be completed in June 2020.

Tiny 2.0 units are slightly larger than the “Place of Change” Tiny Homes, with 300 square feet of living space, including a small bathroom, kitchenette, and covered entrance. Each unit also has a heat source.

New Tiny 2.0 house awaiting installation.

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February 2021 | 13

14 | February 2021

Suquamish News

Suquamish.nsn.us

In Memoriam

RIP Henry “Hank” Lyle Adams (1943-2020)

Hank Adams (right) with his friend and collaborator, Billy Frank, Jr. (left).

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enry “Hank” Lyle Adams, a citizen of the Fort Peck Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes, began his journey to the Spirit World on December 21, 2020.

Hank was born on May 16, 1943, on the Fort Peck Reservation in Wolf Point, Montana, to Lewis Adams and Jessie Malvaney Adams. Shortly after his birth, his family moved to Longview, Washington, and the Dalles, Oregon, and back to Longview before settling near the Quinault Indian Reservation. Hank’s mother Jessie had remarried and moved to Taholah, WA for a minister position. She later moved to Queets and served as minister there. Hank attended Moclips (now North Beach) High School, where he played football and basketball, was student body president and Valedictorian of his graduating class.

In 1962, Quinault Nation President Jim Jackson included Hank on his team to work on treaty rights and fish resource management matters. The Quinault leaders joined Hank into the National Congress of American Indians in 1961 and he later was Research Assistant to NCAI Executive Director Vine Deloria, Jr. (Standing Rock Sioux).

During the famed 1963 March on Washington, Hank teamed up with National Indian Youth Council Executive Secretary Bruce Wilkie (Makah) to bring actor Marlon Brando to Franks Landing on the Nisqually River and into a coalition of 37 Northwest Tribes for a mass public demonstration in Olympia in January to March of 1964. The impetus for the protests had been the fierce defense of treaty rights already being waged by the Nisqually, Puyallup, Muckleshoot and Quileute Tribes, following brutal state assaults on their fishing families dating from January 1962 and the filing of injunctions against them.

This began what would become Hank’s relationship of more than a half-century with the Franks Landing

Indian Community matriarch, Maiselle Bridges, and her brother, Billy Frank, Jr., who were his teachers and he their loyal assistant, advisor, and scribe.

While in the DC metropolitan area, Hank represented NIYC and led its Washington State Project, and he was a key player in the establishment by U.S. Senators Robert F. Kennedy (D-New York) and Paul Fannin (R-Arizona) of the Senate Select Committee on Indian Education, which culminated in the 1969 “A National Tragedy” Report under successor chair, Senator Edward M. Kennedy (D-Massachusetts).

As director of the Quileute Tribe’s OEO-Community Action Program, Hank was named to the national steering committee of the Poor Peoples Campaign chaired by The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968. The Indian activity in the Poor Peoples Campaign — organized primarily by Washington Native people recruited by Maiselle Bridges — drew Hank back to the Pacific Northwest, where he lived out his life as a member of the Franks Landing Indian Community and a resident of Olympia. In 1968, he was elected president of Survival of American Indians Association, founded by others in 1963, and held that position for 52 years.

After furthering his studies at Evergreen State College in Olympia, he was a key strategist alongside Billy Frank, Jr., during the “treaty-fishing wars” that ultimately led to the 1974 Boldt Decision and the 1979 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that upheld it. The landmark ruling affirmed Tribal rights under 1854-56 Treaties to 50 percent of the harvestable catch of salmon and sturgeon (later cases in the Boldt line affirmed rights to shellfish and habitat restoration, including dam removal), in usual and accustomed places, on- and off-reservation, for ceremonial, commercial, and subsistence purposes.

Hank’s passion to protect American Indian Treaty rights would drive his activism throughout his life and lead to injuries and a few stays in jail, where he continued to pursue his self-taught legal education. He was tapped by the U.S. Congress in 1975-1977 to chair its Task Force One on Treaties & Trust Responsibilities of the U.S. House-Senate American Indian Policy Review Commission.

Hank’s work has been widely recognized with numerous awards.

Of all his accomplishments, though, Hank is perhaps best known for his authorship of the 1972 Twenty Points to petition the federal government to address Indian needs and conditions that resulted from broken treaties. Copies of the Twenty Points were driven to Washington, DC, by American Indian people from hundreds of Native Nations in late-October, days before the national election. Weary from the long Trail of Broken Treaties (TBT) and frustrated by the less than warm welcome, AIM leader Dennis J. Banks (Leech Lake Ojibwe) said, “The Bureau of Indian Affairs em-

ployees went home, and we stayed in the building.”

Both the White House liaisons and TBT leaders trusted Hank to negotiate an end to the six-day takeover and the peaceful exit out of DC. Hank also negotiated the return of BIA documents to the White House, after an opportunity to read them, but he and investigative reporter Les Whitten were arrested for possession of the papers as they were returning them.

Grand jurors laughed at the absurdity of the arrests and declined to indict the pair. At age 29, Hank had “crafted a manifesto a professor of American Indian studies called one of the most comprehensive indigenous policy proposals ever devised. Adams’ “20 Points” became the formal proposal submitted to the Nixon administration in November 1972. The document is still celebrated in Indian Country today.” (Hank Adams – An Uncommon Life, published by Legacy Washington) Hank was credited among others for the eventual resolution of the 1973 occupation at Wounded Knee on the Oglala Sioux Tribe’s Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. He remained engaged in ongoing legal fishing battles in the Great Lakes and elsewhere.

Instrumental in the development of the Wa He Lut Indian School at Franks Landing, he also was a founding member of the Northwest Indian Fish Commission. For his life work, the Northwest Indian College, established by the Lummi Nation, awarded him an Honorary Doctorate of Humanities in Native Leadership.

Words cannot adequately describe the impacts resulting from the visionary work of Hank Adams from the 1960s to the present. Many of our Native people hold a small piece of that history. Most of us have benefited from it. And perhaps only a few with first-hand knowledge are still here to tell the stories.

According to his family, Hank was an eccentric and beloved brother and uncle. He was the family member who showed up unexpectedly to his nieces and nephews’ state championship games, school plays, weddings, and special events. In each of the Indian reservations where he resided, people often said that he knew more about family members, family trees and their history than the families did.

In accordance with Hank’s wishes, he will be cremated and his ashes released on the Missouri, Nisqually, Quinault and Columbia Rivers, at such places and times that the family can safely release the ashes.

True to his humble nature, our beloved Hank Adams agreed to an honoring dinner provided that fellow activist, the late-Billy Frank, Jr., and other close comrades also are recognized. Therefore, within the next year, his family and close friends will plan a memorial dinner that he envisioned.

Adapted from an article published by the NW Treaty Tribes

Suquamish News

Suquamish.nsn.us

February 2021 | 15

Birthdays

y r a u br

Fe

February 1 Aiyana Brown

February 2 Ardath Longway Brenda Bowman Charles Sigo Cynthia Power Dawn Nichols Sho-shyne Jones William Webber February 3 Barbara Lawrence Douglas Crowell Karrisa Jones Mackenzie Foster Olivia Phillips Trisha Smith February 4 David Mills Jr. February 5 Danielle Alexander Marilyn Wandrey Rebecca Peterson February 6 Cameron Covarrubias Carena Covarrubias Freedom Red Bird Steven Adams

February 7 Calina Lawrence William Jackson February 8 Golden Hawk Sr. February 9 Bradley George David Weber Mataya George February 10 George Hill III Gerald Adams John Mabe Josue Flores Kylie Cordero Stephanie Neeley

February 13 Carilyn Patrick Robert Bird Shellene Kurtz Tanner Kumpf

February 14 Angela Hill Betty Bagley Conner Jackson Tina Zaiss February 15 Lena Chavez February 16 Kahteya McDonald Leland Standley Skylene George February 17 Diane Dozier Mia Pezzanite February 18 Brandy Boure Candess Johnson Patricia Medina

February 11 Ha-kwa Hu Pai Stobsh Chiquiti Hailey Myers Rebecca Purser Riley Mcintosh III Todd Boyd Jr. Tracy McMillan We-Laka Chiquiti Sr. Robert Adams

February 19 Jade Jefferson Jr. John Lawrence Jr. Kathleen Kinsey Laree Miller

February 12 David Mills Sr. Steven Sanchez

February 20 Kaynoni GeorgeMcGrady

February 28 Carey Webster February 21 Ceyenna Norris Dawn Featherston Donavan Charlie-Adams Hazel Mabe John Lindell Jonathan George Ka-el Williams Shannon Iaconis February 22 Craig Winnie Ha-huli-tud Hawk Melvin Colomb Willaim Ross February 23 Luther Mills Jr. February 24 Adam Jackson Jennifer Rogers Jose’ Martinez February 25 Marcus Mabe Sea-Ots-Ton Jones February 26 Crystal Purcell Jackie Severson Lisa Henry Michael Immken February 27 Martha George-Sachava

February 29 Jenell Davis

PRSRT STD US POSTAGE PAID Kent, WA Permit No. 71

Historic Photo, Courtesy of the Suquamish Museum

ca 1910 Daughters of Celia Napoleon Jackson, (clockwise from center back) Alice, Margaret, Mabel, and Edith (Cat. No. 1979.1728)