China Pallet Usage & Trending Survey

2014China Pallet Usage & trending sUrvey 中国托盘使用现状和趋势调查

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China Pallet Usage & Trending Survey

ExEcutIvE Summary

Main industries of respondents 1%

New, used, metal, plastic, corrugated, wood or composite, pallets are the foundation of the supply chain. Did you know that, at any given moment in time, there are hundreds of millions of pallets on the move across China?

For those outside of the industry, pallets might seem like a just basic commodity. But for those of us, pallets are an essential component that can have a major impact on your logistics operations and ultimately your company bottom line.

4%

6% 7%

31%

8%

During the summer of 2014, the Global Supply Chain Council, with the support of China Merchants Loscam, conducted an online survey in order to get deeper insights into current buying trends and usage patterns of pallets in China.

An invitation to respond to the online questionnaire survey was distributed via direct email and social media, and resulted in 112 respondents with complete set of responses.

11% 15%

16%

Logistics Sector FMCG Industrial Manufacturing Sector RetailA utomotive High-tech and Electronics Apparel and Fashion Sector Chemical Others

Main pallets type 64% Plastic 34%

Over the next few pages, we will present the findings of this research and try to highlight some trends emerging in the use of pallets in China.

Demographics:

The executives who took the time to respond to the questionnaire belong from a wide range of industries with 31% from the logistics sector, 16% from FMCG, 15% from the industrial manufacturing sector, 11% retail, 8% automotive, 7% high-tech and electronics, 6% chemical and 4% from the apparel and fashion sector. Other sectors like pharmaceutical and telecom were represented but in much smaller numbers.

Among the respondents who are operating in the FMCG and retail sector, 41% are dealing in food at ambient temperature, 21% in fresh and cold, 35% in beverage while 42% are dealing in personal care products.

Wood

Wood Composite 28%

Cardboard/Corrugated 16%

Metal 4%

Main reason they use their current pallet type and size Follow the product requirements Cost saving 40% Durability Policy / standard Environmental 21% 20% 16% considerations 12%

2

Introduction

Pallets type

The first question was on the main type of pallet used. A large majority 64% cited they are mainly using wood pallet in China, followed by 34% using plastic pallets, 28% wood composite and 16% cardboard/ corrugated. Only 4% are actually using metal pallets.

We then ask about the main size of pallet used and 52% responded that they use 1.2 x 1m size pallets, while 25% are using 1.2 x 0.8m, followed closely by 18% using 1.1 x 1.1m and only 4% using 40 inches by 49 inches.

When asked what are the main reason they use their current pallet type and size, 48% of the responded said it is because they have to match handling equipment (racks, trucks, and packaging) which is not a surprise. As we analyze the other responses, the responses start to be interesting with 40% explaining that they follow the product requirements (safety, quality etc.), 21% because of cost saving, 20% due to the durability of pallets. Only 16% of the respondents said it is because of the current government and/or industry policy / standard, and less than 12% cited environmental considerations.

中国托盘使用现状和趋势调查

引言

摘要

托盘材质可分为金属、塑料、瓦楞纸、木材和复合材料，但无论新旧 和材质，托盘都是供应链的基础。您是否知道，任意时刻，都有数以 亿计的托盘在全中国流动？

外行或许认为托盘只是基本用品。但是对于业内人士而言，托盘是关 键部件，对公司物流和业绩具有重大影响。

2014 年夏，全球供应链协会（Global Supply Chain Council）在招商路 凯（China Merchants Loscam）的支持下开展了一项在线调查，旨在 更深入的了解当前中国托盘的购买趋势和使用模式。

受访者的主要行业

1% 4%

6%

在线调查问卷的邀请函直接通过电子邮件和社交媒体发送，共 计 112 名受访者递交了完整答复。 在接下来的几页中，我们将阐述此项调查的结果，总结中国托盘使用 的新兴趋势。

7%

31%

8% 11% 16%

15%

受访者统计资料 递交回复的管理人员所在行业覆盖面广泛。31%来自物流业，16%来自 快速消费品行业，15%来自工业制造业，零售业为 11％，汽车产业 8％ ，高科技和电子产业 7%，化学工业 6%，4%来自 尚行业。医药和电信 等其他行业也有人参与，但受访者较少。

在快速消费品和零售行业工作的受访者中， 41% 受访者的工作涉及在 环境温度下存放食物，21%涉及生冷食物，35%涉及饮料，42%涉及个 人护理产品。

物流业 快速消费品行业 工业制造业 零售业 汽车产业 高科技和电子产业 化学工业 自服装和时尚行业 医药和电信等其他行业

托盘使用种类 木质托盘 64%

托盘种类 此次调查首先询问了受访者使用的托盘的主要类型。大多数受访 者（ 64% ）表示在中国主要使用木托盘， 34% 的受访者使用塑料托 盘，28% 使用实木复合托盘，还有16%使用硬纸板/瓦楞纸托盘，仅 4% 实际使用金属托盘。

我们接着调查了托盘的主要尺寸。52%的受访者称他们使用 1 2 0 0 m m × 1 0 0 0 m m 的 托 盘 ， 2 5 % 的 受 访 者 使 用 的 托 盘 尺 寸 是 1200mm×800mm，18%使用1100mm×1100mm的托盘。只有4%使用 40 英寸×49 英寸的托盘。

问及他们为何选择目前使用的托盘种类和尺寸时， 48% 的受访者回 答，因为他们需要运输装卸设备（货架、卡车和包装）与之匹配，这 在我们意料之中。分析其他回复后，我们发现， 40% 的受访者给出的 理由是他们遵循产品要求（安全、质量等）， 21% 的受访者将节约成 本列为原因，20%归因于托盘的耐用性。仅16%的受访者表示，这是现 任政府和/或行业政策/标准决定的。选择环保原因的受访者低于12%。

塑料托盘 实木复合托盘 34% 28% 硬纸板/瓦楞纸托盘 16%

金属托盘 4%

选择目前使用的托盘种类和尺寸的理由 遵循产品要求 节约成本 40% 耐用性 21%

20%

政府和/或行业 政策/标准 16% 环保原因 12%

3

China Pallet Usage & Trending Survey

How they get their pallets?

Pallets usage

The majority of respondents 44% quoted loading an average of 250kg to 500kg of their pallet in China, followed by 31% loading 500kg to 750kg, 18% loading less than 250kgs, 14% 750kg to 1 ton and only 7% with more than one ton.

The next question tried to understand the average inventory days of the companies in China but the responses were very mixed. 22% said they have 0 - 7 days inventory, followed closely by 21% 7 - 14 days, 21% more than 30 days, 18% with 21 - 30 days and 18% with 14 - 21 days.

The survey then explored how companies are using pallets in China.

A big majority of respondents 48% confirmed that they use pallets for one-way palletized delivery between trading partners while 32% for exporting. The use of pallets within a facility / factory / warehouse was also cited 38% of the respondents. In term of pooling, 28% said they used pallets for some kind of internal pooling between their company facilities and only 18% pooling with external partners.

Pallet acquisition

Next was a question on how they get their pallets. While over 68% confirmed that they self-purchase their pallets in China, 34% said they use the free pallets with cargo from their upstream suppliers.

Only 18% explained they actually rent from third party pallet rental company and a very small number 2% are involved in some kind of financial leasing with pallet manufacturers. usage trends

Main reasons for future changes regarding company pallet usage 63%

39%

35%

The survey also revealed the main reasons for future changes regarding company pallet usage. Cost / price pressure was cited by 63% of the respondents as the main reason for possibly changing their usage of pallets in China. While 39% of respondents said the regulations and compliance issues around cleanliness and safety, 35% also cited green and eco-friendly requirements triggered the change.

32% of the respondents also explained that the standardization demands from trading partners pushed for that change, followed by 31% for better durability and 15% for easier repair and maintenance.

32% 31%

15%

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C

4

The survey also tried to understand the trends in the next 12 months.

When asked what change they expect in the usage of their pallets, close to 70% confirmed it will remain the same. 21% responded they increase the use of plastic pallets and decrease wooden pallets.

10% cited they will increase the number of wooden pallets while decreasing plastics pallets.

中国托盘使用现状和趋势调查

托盘使用状况

如何获得托盘？

多数受访者（44%）表示他们在中国的托盘载荷为250kg-500kg。31% 受访者的托盘载荷为 500kg-750kg 。 18% 载荷低于 250kg ， 14% 为 750kg-1000kg，只有7% 受访者的托盘载荷超过一吨。 我们接着询问了各家公司在中国的平均库存天数，答案较为分 散。 22% 的受访者表示他们保持 0-7 天的库存， 21% 的受访者为 7-14 天， 21% 的受访者为 30 天以上， 18% 为 21-30 天，另有 18% 为 14-21 天。 调查探讨了企业在中国使用托盘的方式。绝大多数受访者（ 48% ）表示，他们使用托盘的目的是在贸易伙伴之间进行单向托盘化 运输， 32% 用于出口。 38% 的受访者表示在设施/工厂 / 仓库使用托 盘。28%的受访者称他们的托盘会在公司设施之间进行内部共用，仅 18%与外部合作伙伴共用托盘。

托盘获取 如何获得托盘？超过68%的受访者称他们在中国自购托盘，34%的人 表示他们使用上游供应商运货时用的免费托盘。仅18%的受访者称， 他们实际上是从第三方托盘租赁公司租赁而得。极少数的受访者（2% ）和托盘生产商有某种融资租赁关系。

使用趋势

托盘使用状况将有所改变的主要原因

此次调查研究了未来12个月的发展趋势。问及预期托盘使用状况将出 现什么变化时，近70%的受访者认为会保持不变，21%的受访者表示 他们会增加塑料托盘的使用，减少木托盘。10%称他们将增加木托盘 的数量，减少塑料托盘。

63%

调查显示了公司的托盘使用状况将在未来有所改变的主要原因。63% 的受访者将成本/价格压力列为可能改变他们在中国使用托盘方式的主 因。39%受访者称清洁和安全方面的监管与合规是主要原因。35%认 为环保和生态保护的需求将引起改变。32%的受访者称合作伙伴提出 的标准化要求推动了这种变化。31%认为耐用性更高也是原因，15% 认为变化的主要原因是让维修和保养更简单。

39%

35%

32% 31%

安

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清

成

本

/价

格

压 力 全 监 方 管 面 的 环 与合 保 规 和 合 保护 生 作 的 态 伙 需 伴 标 提 求 准 出 化 的 耐 要求 让 用 维 性 修 更 和 高 保 养 更 简 单

15%

5

China Pallet Usage & Trending Survey

Why renting?

The reasons of using a pallet rental system Lowering cost 45%

Lower CAPEX investments Reliable and timely 34% pallet supply Reduce their pallet usage 28% fluctuation in China 18%

Future trends

How likely they are to consider participating in a third-party pallet rental system over the next 12 months Don't know what third-party pallet rental system is.

45% 42%

Likely or highly likely

6

The main reasons for starting pallet pooling with their trading partners in China were also revealed by the survey. The main reason confirmed by the large of respondents 51% is the push towards the standardization of related equipment e.g. trucks, handling equipment in China. The next driver for starting a pallet pooling is the increased requirements from trading partners, cited by 31% of the respondents.

27% expressed that other drivers include the increase of labor cost and the goal of reducing goods damage risk respectively.

20%

Pallet pooling systems allow them to concentrate on their core business

12%

For those already using a pallet rental system, the survey explored the best reasons for these companies for doing so. Over 45% of the respondents confirmed that they are lowering their cost by optimizing container utilization and have better pallet control by using rented pallets. 34% cited lower CAPEX investments, followed by 28% reliable and timely pallet supply and 18% are able to reduce their pallet usage fluctuation in China. At the end, 20% of respondents confirmed that pallet pooling systems allow them to concentrate on their core business.

Not very likely or not at all

When asked when their companies expect to start pallet pooling with their trading partners, a great majority 59% responded they will do within the next 12 - 24 months. Only 15% said they will not start until the next 36 months.

When asked how likely they are to consider participating in a thirdparty pallet rental system over the next 12 months, the results are quite contrasting but encouraging. While over 45% of the respondents said it was not very likely or not at all, 42% said it was likely or highly likely they will consider using a third-party pallet rental system. It is interesting to see that still 12% of respondents don’t know what thirdparty pallet rental system is, which shows that pallet rental system / model is known to the large majority of the industry.

The results are quite similar to what is happening in the United States where the majority of companies are now involved in some form of pooled pallet use. However, 36% of them saying they are either not very likely or not at all likely (35%) to participate in a pallet or pallet management program.

When asked whose pallet rental or pallet management system they participate in or would consider, the leading answer at 62% was “selfmanaged.� Meanwhile, 26% of respondents say they have already evaluated or considered creating or managing their own pool.

When it comes to pallet usage, companies are under many of the same pressures that influence other supply chain decisions in China.

Factors such as customer compliance, reliability or the case of pallets - strength and durability - rank highly, but price and cost control tend to rule the day.

One of the key takeaways from the survey is a greater emphasis on looking at how pallets fit into overall supply chain operations in an attempt to achieve greater efficiencies and lower costs. Trends like pallet pooling appear to be growing in importance in a market like China, but all these factors play out under the backdrop of keeping cost manageable.

中国托盘使用现状和趋势调查

为何租赁？ 对于那些已在使用托盘租赁系统的人，此次调查研究了公司采取这 一做法的理由。超过45%的受访者证实，优化集装箱的使用可降低成 本，并且租赁托盘对托盘的控制程度更高。34%的受访者认为原因是 较低的资本性支出， 28% 的受访者将可靠、及时的托盘供应列为理 由，18%的受访者认为这能减少他们在中国托盘使用量的波动。20% 的受访者表示，托盘循环共用系统令他们能够专注于核心业务。 调查还揭示了公司与贸易伙伴在中国开展托盘循环共用的主要原 因。大部分受访者（51%）证实，主要原因是推动中国相关设备（如 卡车、装卸设备）的标准化。贸易伙伴日益增长的需求（31%）是开 展托盘循环共用的另一动力。27%的受访者表示其他因素还包括劳动 力成本的上升，以及减少货物的损坏风险。

为何租赁？

降低成本 45%

较低的资本性支出 可靠、及时的托盘供应 34% 28%

减少他们在中国 托盘使用量的波动 18%

20%

托盘循环共用系统令 他们能够专注于核心业务

未来趋势 问及受访者公司预计何时与贸易伙伴开始循环共用托盘时，绝大部 分（ 59% ）受访者表示他们将在未来 12-24 个月内启动此项目。仅 15% 的受访者表示，他们在 36 个月内没有开展托盘循环共用的计 划。 问及他们有多大可能性会考虑在未来 12个月中参与第三方托盘租赁 系统时，受访者的回答大相径庭，却令人振奋。尽管超过45%的受访 者称不大可能或者根本不可能考虑使用第三方托盘租赁系统，42%的 受访者却认为有可能或者很有可能。有意思的是，仍有12%的受访者 不知道第三方托盘租赁系统为何。这说明大部分业内人士已经对托 盘租赁系统/模式有所了解。

调查结果和美国的情况十分相似，大多数美国公司现已参与某种形 式的托盘循环共用。然而，其中36%的人表示他们不太可能或者根本 不可能（35%）参加托盘或托盘管理项目。

问及他们会参与或考虑哪种托盘租赁或托盘管理系统时，排名第一 的答案（62%）是自己管理的托盘。同时，26%的受访者说他们已经 评估或者考虑建立或管理自己的托盘池。 和中国其他的供应链决策一样，托盘的使用会让公司面临多重压 力。尽管客户合规性、可靠性或托盘的强度和耐用度等因素排名靠 前，但价格和成本控制往往起到决定性的作用。

是否会考虑在未来 12 个月中 使用第三方托盘租赁系统？

不知道第三方 托盘租赁系统是什么

12%

45%

调查的关键结论之一是人们更加注重托盘如何融入整个供应链的运 作，旨在提高效率并降低成本。托盘循环共用等趋势在中国这样的 市场愈显重要，但所有这些因素必须在保持成本可控的大背景下实 现。

42% 不大可能 或者根本不可能 考虑使用

有可能 或者很有可能

7

HIGHLIGHTS

要点回顾

• 64% of respondents say they are still mainly using wood pallet in China • 1.2 x 1m size is the most used pallet with 52% of respondents • 48% confirmed that they use pallets for only one-way palletized delivery • 68% of companies surveyed still self-purchase their pallets in China • Cost / price pressure in China is cited by 63% of respondents as the main reason for driving change in the way they use pallets • Top three reasons for renting pallets in China are lower logistics cost, better pallet control and lower CAPEX investments • 59% of respondents expect to start pallet pooling with their trading partners within the next 12 - 24 months • Only 12% of respondents don’t know pallet rental system.

• 64% 的受访者称他们在中国主要使用的仍 是木托盘 • 受访者最常使用的（52%）托盘尺寸 是 1200mm×1000mm • 48% 称他们的托盘只用于单向托盘化运输 • 68% 的受访公司在中国仍然自购托盘 • 63% 的受访者将中国的成本/价格压力列为 改变托盘使用方式的主因 • 在中国租赁托盘的前三大理由分别为： 较低的物流成本、更好的托盘控制和较低 的资本性支出 • 59% 的受访者预计在未来一两年内将与贸 易伙伴循环共用托盘 • 仅有 12% 的受访者不了解托盘租赁系统

Founded in 2002, the Global Supply Chain Council is Asia’s leading professional organization serving a fast growing community of more than 50,000 executives and representing leading companies who view their value chains as a critical driver of shareholder value and competitiveness.

As an independent professional organization, the Council’s mission is to stimulate the understanding and adoption of supply chain management by providing a range of services including a social platform, websites, magazine, directory, newsletters, research, workgroups, conferences, maps, video among other services. For more information, please visit www.chain.net Global Supply Chain Council成立于2002年，是亚洲领先的专业机构，服务于快速发展的超过5万高层管理者团体，代表了 视自己价值链为股东价值和竞争力的一个关键驱动的龙头企业。 作为一个独立的专业机构，Global Supply Chain Council的使命是通过提供一系列的服务，包括社交平台，网站，杂志，指 南，通讯，调查，专题研讨会，会议，地图、视频以及其他的服务，以促进供应链管理的了解和应用。有关详细信息，请访问 www.chain.net

Follow us on WeChat: Global Supply Chain Unit A, 10F, Block 2, 543 Xin Hua Road, Shanghai

Council

Tel: +86 (21) 62801329

www.cha.in

Loscam is one of the world’s largest pallet and packaging equipments pooling organizations today with a long track record dating back to 1942 when the business first started in Australia. Today Loscam has a network of offices and depots throughout the Asia Pacific region. Loscam was acquired by China Merchants Group in 2010 and so we are able to leverage CMG’s extensive network and resources throughout China.

China Merchants Loscam provides returnable packaging pooling solutions and equipments used to store and move products through supply chains such as pallets, crates and bins. Our unique pooling system enables trading partners to share Loscam equipments through the supply chain, promoting sustainability through sharing of pallets, intermediate bulk containers and produce bins.

We have set up 17 depots in major cities. Our service network covers 28 provinces and municipalities to ensure availability of our products when and where you need them. www.loscam.com.cn / www.loscam.com

E-mail: info.china@loscam.com

招商路凯China Merchants Loscam 1942年成立于澳大利亚，主要从事托盘及其他物流包装设备的租赁服务业务，目前已发展成为澳洲及亚洲地区领先的托盘共 用租赁企业，业务覆盖澳洲及亚洲多个国家和地区。2010年7月，招商局集团全面收购路凯公司，并将其更名为招商路凯。 我们为供应链中各环节企业提供可循环共用的物流包装设备解决方案和产品，包括托盘、周转篮等。独有的托盘循环共用系 统可有效提高各环节间的货物装卸效率、减少产品损坏，有助于帮助企业应对不断攀升的供应链成本。 我们已在全国重点城市设立了17个营运中心，业务范围已覆盖全国28个省份和直辖市，确保随时随地满足客户的产品需求。 www.loscam.com.cn / www.loscam.com

E-mail: info.china@loscam.com