TRANSACTIONS A REVIEW OF BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA FOR 1954 By BARON DE WORMS, M.A., PH.D., F.L.S., F.R.E.S. AFTER the extremely cold spell at the end of January and the Start
of February the early species of moths and the usual hibernating butterflies appeared on time and in average numbers, though the Small Tortoiseshell (Aglais urticae Linn.), so common in the autumn of 1953, was quite scarce the following spring. The sallows were out by the end of March and were well patronised by the usual noctuid moths. Two remarkable captures at this period were entirely melanic specimens of the Oak Beauty (Biston strataria Hufn.). One of this very rare form which had not been seen for many years, was caught in East Suffolk and the other at Ashford in Kent. April proved to be one of the fewfineand dry months. The Emperor moth (Saturniapavonia Linn.), was already well on the wing by the middle of April. The Scarce Prominent (Odontosia carmelita Esp.) was taken in the South of England on the 18th and in south-west Ireland for thefirsttime at the end of the month. The spring Pierid butterflies were Aying by Easter, April 18th, especialy the Orange-tip (Anthocharis cardamines Linn.), but the Holly Blue (Celastrina argiolus Linn.) was noticeably absent. The Pearl-bordered Fritillary (Clossiana euphrosyne Linn.) was on the wing in Sussex on May 8, but neither this insect or the Small Pearl-bordered (C. selene Schiff.) were at all plentiful. Among the more frequent migrant species a few Death's Heads (Acherontia atropos Linn.) were reported in May, but it was towards the end of this month that thefirstrarity appeared. This was an example of the Purple Cloud (Actinotia perspicillaris Linn.) caught on the Essex coast. This insect had not been reported in this country for a great many years. Two more were obtained in Sussex in June, evidently indicating quite an immigration. Several specimens of the Delicate (Leucania vitellina HĂźbn.) were captured on the south coast in May. About this time too no less than fourteen examples of the Alder Kitten (Cerura bicuspis Borkh.) were taken in one night at light in the Midlands, while others again appeared in Sussex and Cheshire. Both June and July turned out most unpropitious with the result that many butterflies were distinctly scarce and late. This was particularly apparent with the Silver-washed Fritillary (Argynnis paphia Linn.) and the