A Retrospect of Suffolk Naturalists

62

A RETROSPECT OF SUFFOLK NATURALISTS.

A RETROSPECT OF SUFFOLK NATURALISTS.

BY CLAUDE MORLEY,

F.E.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S.

AN Object of our Society is " the publication of permanent Record, in reasoned sequence, respecting the comparative past rarity of Animals and Plants of Suffolk," one method of which is surely to discover what our predecessors have already achieved.

This is a subject of no small local interest, and the sooner lt be pursued the easier of elaboration it will be found. With us have been Naturalists from prehistoric times: what crop-raiser is not a Botanist, or stock-breeder a Zoologist ? Throughout last Century two sorts of Naturalistsflourishedcoevally : the workingman-collector and the educated Student. Everyone has heard of " Robinson Crusoe " Davis, who—naturally, for an adequate quid pro quo—handed over all sorts offlotsama jetsam garnered from Kessingland shore to the wandering Palseontologist and curioso; and the Ipswich " fly-catchers" Jimmy Parsons who died in 1890, Fluter Lee of Rope Walk who died in 1895, Harry Eaton's father of Curriers Lane, cordwainer Teddy Boar of Tanners Lane (who took forty gross of Arctia villica larvse one Sundav !) ; Tim Last of The Entomologist, 1866; Harry Mee of Birds Gardens; and (Substitute, 1857) the professional King " whose word no man relies on." All these made a good thing out of the London dealers. Among the numerous other sort shall be mentioned only the Botanist, rector Ashfield of Burgate in 1830 (Oakley Hill's 1932 Echoes of Burgate), Prof. Henslow of Hitcham, the Ven. William Kirby of Barham ; and such quaint characters as rector Henry Rowe of Ringshall, who in 1810 wrote his amusing ' Fables in Verse ' :— " In thought antique and seif debate, the hoary Virtuoso sate . . .

Before him, in due order, spread the tinsel'd remnants of the dead : His fossils, roman coins and rings, his beads and trumpery of kings, His bracelets,fibulas. . . "* _

But here I will restrict the Retrospect to those Naturalists hguring in a single periodical. .

No sooner had the " Bury and West Suffolk Archaeological Institute" come into being, during March 1848, than it was assailed by Naturalists concerning whose gestes we will exclusively concern ourselves. So influential did they become that, ere the 1853 publication of the Institute'sfirstvolume of Proceedings its title had been extended to include the suffix " and Natural History . . . embracing every department of Natural History '

»Nature and Art, Biology and Archseology, run on remarkably parallel lines through our lives, converging only in the case of harly Man. ine above " verse " may well have given rise to the dictum of William bmith, F R S , the father of British conchology :—" Orgamc fossils are to the Naturalist as coins to the Antiquary. They are the antiquities ot the earth and very distinctly show its gradual regulär formation, with the various changes of inhabitants " (Stratigraphical System of Organized Fossils ; London, 1817).

63 (vol. i, p. 343), before which " Statistics " was interpolated two or three years later though soon happily deleted. The Institute's first Museum, housed in the Athenäum at Bury, grew at an amazing pace; and its Geological Collection received very numerous contributions from Members, though the nucleus of it was constituted by the specimens amassed by the Revd.

Thomas Image of Whepstead, and acquired after his decease (ii, 220 and iii, 394). But it is obvious, from the all too terse minutes published, that the Naturalists found their mainstay in the Revd. J. B. P. Dennis, F.G.S., who delivered a series of Lectures in this Museum during 1856, etc. ; he was an excellent Ornithologist, whose " premature" death in October 1861 is eloquently deplored by the President (iii, 412 and 418). His Bird Collection was purchased almost immediately by the Institute (iii, 417); most of its specimens are from Suffolk, near Yarmouth : he was a master of Bury Grammar School, and left a widow (v, 283 ; cf. Stevenson's Birds of Norfolk i, 1866, 28-9).

Naturalists especialy throve during 1857-8; and the public exhibition of the Museum that was held from 20 August to 4 September 1861 showed visits of no less than 3,107 persons, totalling £185, of which sum over £100 were profit (iii, 417).

The great wave of popularity, thefirstof its kind in England's history, that swept into its vortex the entire Natural Science of our country during the 'sixties—best illustrated, perhaps, by the really magnificent series, when compared with earlier ones, of monographs issued about that period by John van Voorst of Paternoster Row, for such illustrious savans as Bell, Yarrell, Stainton, Westwood, Bäte—was not without its ripples into Suffolk.

Before such interest ebbed with the supercilious 'eighties, Prof.

Babington of Cockfield seized upon its votaries, whence burgeoned that " Catalogue " which has for ever laidfirmthe foundations of our Bird lore : one conspicuous Service that it renders is to display the neglect of similar lore in the other classes of Suffolk zoology. Considering their sparcity, however, thev certainly were a good and hard-working group, those old Naturalists of our County, as their published exhibits amply testify. But they gradually died out; the Revd. A. H. Wratislaw had " been almost alone in my work " on F.ntomology by 1870 (iv, 217) ; and the last of them was the late Mr. Frank Norgate of Santon Downham, with whom I myself had the pleasure of collecting ison 'nineties- He was one °f the exhibitors at the Institute's 1890 conversazione held in Bury; but very few other Members then showed Natural objects ; and at that which took place in Ipswich during 1901 was absolutely nothing of the kind, nor ao Ifindany later.

Attempted suppression and revival of the Natural History Clement have succeeded each other through the years. Thus, °n 16 March 1903 was issued a Notice, suggesting the alteration ot Rule 1 For ' Suffolk Institute of Archa;ology and Natural History,' Substitute 1 Suffolk Archseological Society " ' : to be A RETROSPECT OF SUFFOLK NATURALISTS.

64

A RETROSPECT OF SUFFOLK NATURALISTS.

proposed by councillor the Revd. F. E. Warren, B.D., F.S.A., at the " next Annual Meeting," fixed by Rule in April or May. N o account of such Meeting was published in the Proceedings, and those for 1904 appeared under the foriner title. On the contrary in 1919 was printed a single-leaflet giving a bare " List of Natural History Papers published in the Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and Natural History, 1848-1919.

This names and references just a dozen Naturalist papers, published through the seventy-one years of the Institute'* existence, along with a Note by Wratislaw in 1872 and others by the Revd. R. B. Caton in 1913-4, and a couple of Pre-hsitory papers. The twelve articles a r e : - ( l ) on Entomology by Wratislaw* 1871; (2) on Geology by Creed 1872; (3) on parish Natural History by Babington, 1885; (4) the excellent " Birds of Suffolk " by the same author in 1886, the Institute s one great effort in the Naturalists' direction ; (5) on Land Shells

by Greene of Bedford, 1891 ; (6) on Geology by Taylor 1892 ; (7) on Marine Shells by Greene of Bedford, 1902 ; (8) on Crabbe L a Botanist» by Groves, 1905 ; (9) on Fish by an anonymous hand 1909 • (10) on Fossil Mammals by Miss Layard, 1910 ; r i l l 'on Birds by Nichols of Essex, 1918 ; and (12) on parish Natural History by Darwin, 1919 : since which time no Naturalist papers have issued. .

In fact nearly everything of scientific, as distmct trom archseologic, interest took place before 1890 : in the days when the Quarterlv Meetings comprised most useful Exhibits and Presentations, all of which specimens and books do or should still exist in Moyses Hall Museum at Bury to-day.^ [Final association with these specimens was severed by the library s return to the Athenseum during 1932.] But those early records, before 1890 are most confusingly mixed in the published minutes with antiquarian matter ; and the less said of indices the better !

T o make them readilv available for our future use, I have had to throw the whole into roughly classified sequence : an interesting task bringing order from chaos and so revealing an unexpected amo'unt of zeal displayed by the initial volumes. In the following epitome—more is rarely recoverable from the cited referencesextra-Suffolcian records alone are indicated in Britain by ü-, foreign ones by " F . , " and those that are unlocalised by a dash.

As a life-member of the Institute, I am eager to accord lts Financial Secretary thanks for his generous loan of such Parts of the Proceedings as my own run lacked. very generally forgotten nowadays that M n E d m u n d Skepper's oredecessor at B u r y St. E d m u n d s , the R e v d . A. H . Wratislaw. M A , V^W and T u t o r of Christ's., wrote another article on Local

I r S Ä f

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A RETROSPECT OF SUFFOLK NATURALISTS.

65

GENERAL.

" Agriculture of Suffolk, General View of the " : by Arthur Young, 1794. In Library 1889 ; second copy, 1919 vii, 117 B. Biological Guides to the British Museum. xi, pt. 2, p. xvi & pt. 3, p. xvi F. Biology of U.S.A., Books on : Presented. In Library, 1898 ii, 273 F. Biology of U.S.A., 2 or 3 books on, presented to Library. . . .. .. .. .. .. iii, 398 Collections, earlier presented to Bury Athenaeum, moved to Moyses Hall. . . .. .. .. x, 234 As also was the Library in 1903. . . xi, pt. 3, p. xiii B. " Fenland Notes & Queries." In Library, 1927. xix, p. xxiii Kirby, The Revd. William, of Barham, F.R.S., mentioned. . . .. .. .. . . i, 134 & ii, 214 — " Light, Familiarized Introduction to Polarized " : by C. A. Woodward, 1848. In Library 1889. .. vii, 117 B. " Meteroite of 20th of November 1887, The Hertford " :

by H. G. Fordham, 1888. In Library, 1898. x, 99 Natural History Notes on Cockfield : by Dr. Babington (3rd Naturalist article printed in Proc.), 1885. v, 213 Notes on Natural History of Stonham Äspal : by A. W. Darwin (12th Naturalist article printed in Proc.), 1919 xvi, 183 Title of Institute extended to include " Natural History," 1853 i, 343 F. " Zoologisk Reise, Beretning om en i Sommeren 1865 foretagen " : af G. O. Sars, 1866. In Library, 1898 x, 108 BOTANY.

F. Australian Plants, Specimens of, from P. Jeffes : Presented ii, 218 F. Barktree, Indian, Fan of : Presented.. . .. .. iii, 395 F. Bread Fruit [Artocarpus incisa, ex , Pacific Is.] : Presented. . . .. .. .. .. .. ii, 212 Crabbe as a Botanist : by J. Graves (8th Naturalist article printed in Proc.), 1905 xii, 223-232 Diotis maritima on Orford beach about 1798. .. xii, 228 F. Fern, Tropical or Tree, with silkyfibrefrom interior : Presented. .. .. .. .. .. .. ii, 101 B. Fern, Specimen of, ex Coalpit-heath, Bristol : Presented. . . .. .. .. .. .. ii, 223 " Flora of Suffolk " : by Henslow & Skepper, 1860.

In Library, 1889 vii, 118 " Flora of Suffolk " : by W. M. Hind, 1889. In Library, 1890 vi, pp. xvi & 226 Forests, Two Suffolk [at Tangham, planted 1919 ; and Santon Downham, planted 1920] . . .. xix, 241 B. ' Fungi, British Edible " : by M. C. Cook. In Library, 1918 xvi, pt. 3, p. x Herbai. " Historia ' Vegetabilium Sacra": by W. Westmacott, 1695. In Library, 1889. vii, 115 Hooker, W. J., at Haiesworth iv, 446 r. Lace bark of Jamaica : Presented. [See " Marvels of Universe," iii, 109.] ii, 97 Lathyrus maritimus in Suffolk . . xii, 228 Lavender, Sea, in Suffolk xii, 231 Linum radiola on Suffolk heath; Dr. Wollaston, botanist, etc. : Obituary i, 122 Melampyrum pratense at Framlingham xii, 229 F

66 F.

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Mimosa-thorn [?Acacia dealbata, auct.], ex Caffraria : ii, 276 Presented. " Mosses of a Boulder-clay Area, T h e " : by A. Mayxvii, p. xviii field. In Library, 1919 Oak at Dennington, circumf. 17 feet at 4-ft. f r o m xx, 164 ground, etc., felled May 1764.

Oak, St. E d m u n d ' s at Hoxne, circumf. 20 feet at ?— ft. i, 54 f r o m ground, feil of its own weight 11 Sept. 1848.

Oak, T h e Great, of Norton " still a noble sight " (fig. ii, 224 in Strutt's " Sylva Britannica ") . .

Oak, the Polstead Gospel, circumf. 32 feet at 5-ft. xi, 221 f r o m ground : " oldest in SufTolk." xx, 311 Peat, sedge and reeds in Cambs. fens : Review. " Plantarum S e c u n d u m Ordines Naturales Disposita, Genera " : by S. Endlicher, 1836. T h e Library's sole Biological book in 1854. ii, 102a; vii, 115 ; x, 101 xviii, 255 Plant Life on East Anglian Heaths : Review, 1924.

Plants, Collection of British : placed in M u s e u m by iii, 395 Skepper. xii, 228 Senecio palustris in Suffolk. xii, 228 Sonchus palustris in Suffolk Tussac Grass [Dactylis caespitosa, auct.] grown in ii, 223 Edinburgh : Presented.

Trifolum Suffocatum at Yarmouth in 1793 and at xii, 225 Aldeburgh in 1794. xx, 311 Woad in the Cambridge fens.

CCELENTERATA.

B.

Corallines from Kent, Specimens of : Exhibited.

..

ii, 219

MOLLUSCA. :

F. F. F. B.

Mollusks of the British Isles, Land & Freshwater " :

by L. Reeve, 1863. In Library, 1889. vii, 116 Mollusca, List of the Marine, recorded as found in SufTolk : by Carleton Greene, vicar of Roxton in Beds. (7th Naturalist article printed in Proc.), xi, 320-5 1902.

Mollusca, Notes on Land & Freshwater : by A. Mayfield, n.d. .. .. .. .. xi, pt. 3, p. xvii Mollusca, West Suffolk Non-marine : by A. Mayfield.

In Library, 1905 xii, p. xvi Nautilus, mounted in silver, 17th Century : Exhibited. i, 219 Shells, Ä Variety of Recent : Presented. ii, 276 Shells, A Collection of Indian : Presented. . . iii, 395 ' Shells, Illustrated Index of B r i t i s h " : by G. B. vii, 117 Sowerby, 1859. In Library, 1889 Shells, Catalogue of the L a n d & Freshwater, hitherto recorded as found in the County of SufTolk : by Carleton Greene, vicar of Roxton in Beds. (5th Naturalist article printed in Proc.), 1891. vii, 275-87 INSECTS.

B. " Butterflies, British " by W. S. Coleman, 1860. In Library, 1898.

— Entomological Specimens : Exhibited.

Entomology in the County of SufTolk : by A. H .

Wratislaw (Ist Naturalist article printed in Proc.), 1871*

x, 102 vii, 215 iv, 217-22

*This important paper discovered the peculiar Moths of the Breck District, whence its author introduced Dianthaecia (Harmodia) irregularts, Huf., as British. It specifies 38 kinds of LEPIDOPTERA in the county, including Argynnis Lathonia, Melitcea Artemis, Catocala fraxini, Mecyna polygonalis and Argyrolepia Sehr eiber siana, all now apparently extinet here. T h e localised occurrence, all at p. 222, of HYMENOPTERA (Sirex gigas and S. juveneus, only) and COLEOPTERA (" Eponus " [recte Epomis, Bon.] nigricornis, Callidiu"1 violaceum and Lytta vesicatoria, only) is tersely added.

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67

B. " Entomology, Elements o f " : by W. S. Dallas, 1857.

In Library, 1898 .. .. .. x — " Entomology, Letters on " : by ? ' 1825.

In Library, 1898. . . .. .. " x F. " Insecta Maderensia " : by T . V. Wollaston, 1854 Presented. ü, 277 & vii, K Insecta Variation of S p e c i e s " : by id., 1856: Presented. . . .. .. ..

'277 & X ) F. " Insectorum Norvegicorum, Enumeratio," in 4 Parts [P1872] : by H. Siebke. In Library, 1889. .. vii B. Insects, etc., in bottles, from late H . (sie) Kirby's collection, Some speeimens o f : Exhibited, 1855. ii, B. Lepidoptera, " Practical Hints " on : by R. Shield 1856. In Library, 1898. x B. Swallow-tail Butterfly " occasionally found " at Wicken in Cambs. : Review. .. .. .. xx Vanessa Antiopa [Linn.], Camberwell Beauty Butterfly in 1872 : short note on, 1872. . . .. .. i v>

jQ2 jq3 115 105 115 214 103 312 300

FISHES.

B. B.

Angel Fish [Rhina squatina, Linn.] : Presented. .. ii, 211 Fish of Cambridgeshire fens : Review. .. .. xx] 312 Fish : Marine Biological Laboratory, Lowestoft : Visit to. .. .. .. .. ,. __ 373 x; — Fish : Marking, etc., Piaice & Notes on that Fish, with 5 plates : by " A Naturalist " (9th Naturalist T, .. , a r t l d e P r i n t e d in Proc.), 1909 xiii, 369-81 • Fishes, B r i t i s h " : by W . Yarrell, 2 voll. 1836. In Library, 1889 vii 115 1( B. " Fishes, British F r e s h - w a t e r " : by W . Houghton.

In Library, 1918. . . .. .. .. xvi pt 3 p x ( — " Fisheries, Sea " : by M . Hernbel. In Library, 1918. xvi', pt! 3,'p. x 1 • Parrot Fish (Scarus 'icreticus, Aid.] ex India : r re cn o ! l r^d' ii, 276 & iii, 395 P r. öaw r i s h [Pristis cirratus, auet.] ex Coromandel, etc.

P , , , r "> 212, 276 & iii, 395 1 • ohark, Shovel-nosed [ ] ex Madras, . etc. : Presented ii, 276 & iii, 395 J ' ötingaree Fish [?Trygon pastinaca, Linn.] ex Madras : Presented ii, 276 & iii, 395 A M P H I B I A N S AND

B. f.

REPTILES.

Serpen[te]s bicep[halu]s — ? a joke : Exhibited.

Saurophis tetradaetylus [auet.], S. African Four-toed Snake-lizard : Exhibited. . . .. .. .. r.

Turtle's shell of 1616, found in a Bury house : „ , r Exhibited R Viper and black adder " of Cambs f e n s : R e v i e w . . .

ii, 102 ii, 102 ii, 210 xx, 312

BIRDS.

— V j".

T>

Birds, Cases of stuffed : Exhibited vii, 215 Birds, T h e valuable collection of British, formed by Rev. J. B. P. Dennis, temporarily placed in T) • M u s e u m ii, 219 Bird mummified, ex T h e b e s : Exhibited vii, 214 Birds, Five cases of British : Presented ii, 101 Birds of Suffolk, T h e , with 7 plates : by Dr. Babington (4th Naturalist article printed in Proc.), 1886. v, 277-557 Birds of the Stour Estuaiy, A Catalogue of the, Parts i and ii : by W. B. Nichols ( l l t h Naturalist article printed in Proc.), 1917-8. .. xvi, 167-78 & 219-28 Birds in T h e t f o r d M u s e u m , East Anglian, 1924. . . xviii, 252

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B. " Birds, History of B r i t i s h " : by W . Macgillivray, 5 voll. 1837. In Library, 1889. .. vii, 113 & x, 101 B. Birds of Cambridge fens : Review. . . .. .. xx, 312 Birds in 1916, Suffolk xvi, 183 Bustard, ex Cavenham 1820, in Thetford M u s e u m 1924 xvm, 252 Duck tufted, Pintail & Pochard at Fakenham in 1912. xv, 84 Eagle, White-tailed (Haliactus albicilla), near Euston in 1917 xvi, 67 Eagle, White-tailed [Haliaetus albicilla, Linn.], recorded shot prope Beccles in 1857-8.—Another [?local] : Presented ii, 211 & in, 420 Geese, Pink-footed, at Fakenham in 1912 xv, 84 B. Hawks, British, especially well represented in M u s e u m . lii, 395 F. Ostrich's Eggs [Struthio camelus, auct.], ex Caffraria, etc. : Presented •• ii, 276 & in, 395 B. Quail [Coturnix communis, Bon.], in Cambridge fens : xx Review. .. ..

•• •• •• •• > 312 Redwings & Fieldfares in Suffolk, 1913 xv, 225 Roller (Coracias garrulus) near Thetford in 1913. . . xv, 225 B. Ruff and reeve in Cambridge fens : Review. .. xx, 312 Skua, Great (Megalestris catarrhactis) at Ixworth, 1913. xv, 225 B. Smew, Mergus albellus, t y m p a n u m of trachea o f : Exhibited n, 102 Waxwings at Fakenham, 1912. xv, 84 — " Waxwing, Plumage of the " : by H . Stevenson, 1881.

In Library, 1889 vii, 119 MAMMALS.

— " Animal Creation, T h e " : by T . R. Jones, 1865. In Library, 1898 x, 105 Bats in 1916, Suffolk xvi, 183 F. " Cat of Europe, T h e Wild " : by E. Hamilton. In Library, 1919 xvii, p. xvn Horse jaw-bones used as skates ; figured. . . .. x, 188 F. Mammals' skins, Australian, to be stuffed : Presented. iii, 399 F. " Mammals of N o r t h America, Check List o f " : by ? , 1917. I n Library, 1919 xvii, p. xvn — Mammals, Cases o f : Exhibited. .. .. .. vii, 215 Mammals and Birds, burned bones of, ex Eye and ?Melford : Exhibited i, 24 B. " Martin, polecat, black rat " in Cambridge fens : Review. xx, 312 F. Omithor[h]ynchus paradoxus, Blum. 1800 [=anatinus, Shaw 1799], Duck-billed Piatypus : Presented.. . iii, 395 Plecotus auritus at Stonham Aspal. .. .. .. xvi, 183 B. Whale-bone, Plate of, f r o m jaws of Whale [Balcena mysticetus, Linn.], taken at Yarmouth in Jan. 1857 : Presented iii, 399 Vesperugo noctula & pipistrellus at Stonham Aspal. xvi, 183 PAI./EONTOI.OGY.

— — B.

B. — F.

Fossils, Collection of : Presented by M r s . Golding of Walsham-le-Willows Fossils, Casts of rare : Presented. .. .. ..

Fossils, Collection of, ex Herefordshire in 1856 : Presented Fossils ex railway-cutting at Weston. .. ..

Fossils found in Polstead : Exhibited 1902 Fossils f r o m escarpment being m a d e in 1862 at Dunburgh-hill in Geldeston, Norfolk Fossils from Primary Rocks : Presented. .. ..

Fossils, Collection of Silurian, ex F [rede T ] r e n t o n Fall, New York : Trilobites, etc. : Presented.

n, 21« ii, 273 «> 273 in, 41V xi, 224 m , 419 ii, 277 399

A RETROSPECT OF SUFFOLK

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NATURALISTS.

Fossils, Collection of Lias, prope Whitby, Yorks. . .

Chalk fossils at T h u r s t o n .

Chalk fossils, A collection o f : Presented Upper Greensand, Collection of fossils ex : Presented. ' Organic Remains, Synoptical Table of British " : by S. Woodward, 1830 : Presented. In Library, 1889 and 1898 ii, 212 ; vii. 113 ' Antediluvian Phytology," Fossil Plants : by E. T. Artis, 1838. In Library, 1898 Larch fossil among teeth of Rhinoceros.

Algae ex Basalt, Fingais Cave, Staffa : Presented.

Sponges, flint circular, 5-8 oz. in weight, ex Reydon 1924 . .. ..

Corallines ex Basalt, Fingal's Cave, Staffa : Presented.

Actinites, fossil at Norton.

Echinites, fossil at Norton.

Crag fossils, Box of " fine specimens " : Presented. ' Craig " [crag of Suffolk ?], Shells f r o m the : Exhibited.

Coralline-crag, Collection of fossils from the : Presented.

Land shells, fossil, at Ipswich in gravels.

Oyster shells below Ipswich houses.

Plagiostoma [Sow. : Spondylus] spinosum, Sow, prope Bury : Presented.

Shells, uni- and bi-valve, fossil at Norton.

Ammonites, fossil at Norton.

Belemnites, fossil at Norton.

iii, ii, iii, iii,

399 222 395 399

; x, 107 100 399 218

xviii, ii, ii, ii,

253 218 222 222

ii, 212 ii, 219 iii, 399 xiv, 65 x, 186 ii, ii, ii, ii,

276 222 222 222

' Poissons Fossiles, Recherches sur les " : by L . Agassiz, 10 voll. 1833-43 : Presented, 1856. In Library, ^ 1889 Ăź, 219 ; vii, 115 ; x, 100 Dorsal spine of fossil Fish ; Collection of other fossils Presented. ii, 399 Stychodus [sie], palatial [sie] tooth of, ex Lower Chalk West Row in Mildenhall : Presented. . . ii, 277 Saurian and other fossils in Blue-clay, N o r t o n ry cutting : Presented. ii, 222 Vertebra found in Bury St. E d m u n d s : Presented.. ii, 223 Vertebrae with other fossils, 30 inches deep in yellow clay, Clamp-farm, etc., in West Creeting Exhibited. ii, 214 Bird fossil at Ipswich : bone figured.

Birds' bones ex Brettenham, 1927 Bird's nest, silieified, Knaresborough, Exhibited

Yorks :

Ammal Remains from the Railway Cutting at Ipswich :

by N . F. Layard (lOth Naturalist article printed in Proc.), 1910 Bear, large fossil, at Ipswich : bone and claw figured Bison fossil at Ipswich.

Deer-teeth at Brettenham, 1927 Ueer fossil at Ipswich : bone figured. jJeer-antler below Ipswich houses Ueer, Red, antler of, ex Lakenheath Fen : presented by W . Miller .. .. eer > fossil remains of Red, Newbourn in 1846 and (skull figg.) Bawdsey 1930

xiv, 60 xix, 232 ii, 214

xiv, 59-68 xiv, 60 xiv, 66 xix, 232 xiv, 59-60 x, 187 ii, 277 xx, 232

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A RETROSPECT OF SUFFOLK

NATURALISTS.

Deer, Red, fossilized : 2 pairs of antlers from R. Waveney 1913 (fig.) xx, 322 Deer, Red (Cervus elaphas), covering h u m a n burial, Mildenhall, 1866 iv, 289 & 295 Deer, Red, in Barton Mere, 1867 & circa 1837. . . x, 169 Deer, horns of Red & Fallow & Roe, all ex Undley Fen : Exhibited. .. .. .. .. .. vii, 215 Deer, Roe-horn, ex Brettenham, 1927. .. .. xix, 232 Deer, Very large, remains of, in Playford ry-cutting by the road, 1857. iii, 398 Elephant, fossil tooth of, ex Drift, Ballingdon-hill, Sudbury 1857 : Presented. iii, 399 Elephas antiguus [sie] & primigenius abounded in palasolithic times. . . .. .. .. .. xvi, 281 Elephus Antiquus tusk 27 in. long, 8 ft. deep in gravel at Braiseworth. .. .. .. .. .. xviii, 253 Felis, fossil at Ipswich. . . .. .. .. .. xiv, 66 Hipparion. .. .. .. .. .. .. xvi, 105 Horse-teeth and bones ex Brettenham, 1927. .. xix, 232 Horse, fossil at Ipswich : bones figured. . . xiv, 60, 64, 66 Hyaenas, fossil in Yorkshire caves. .. .. .. i, 131 Hyaenas' gnawing, Ipswich. .. .. .. .. xiv, 63 Lutra, fossil at Ipswich. .. .. .. .. xiv, 66 Mammalia [unnamed] dredged in Southwold B a y . . . iv, 452 M a m m o t h , fossil at Ipswich : bone and two teeth figured. .. .. .. .. .. xiv, 59, 60, 64 Mastodon Avernensis [sie]. .. .. .. . . xvi, 104, 281 Oxen-horns and arrowed shank-bone, at Eye Castle : Presented. .. .. .. .. .. .. ii, 101 Ox, boslongifrons [sie] skeleton, bones and teeth, ex Brettenham 1927. . . .. .. .. .. xix, 232 Ox (Bos longifrons) in Barton Mere, 1867 ; below Ipswich houses, 1898 x, 169 & 186 Ox, fossil at Ipswich. . . .. .. .. .. xiv, 60 Ox, Long-faced (Bos primigenius) in Barton Mere, 1867. x, 169 Ox (Bos primigenius), fossil at Ipswich : bone figured. xiv, 60 Rabbit-skull at Brettenham, 1927 xix, 232 Rhinoceros, fossil third-molar tooth, ex D r i f t at Sicklesmere : Presented by Rev. Charles Roe of Sicklesmere : with letter by Prof. Owen. .. iii, 399 Rhinoceros, fossil at Ipswich : bone figured. .. xiv, 63, 66 Reindeer in Mousterian period. .. .. .. xvi, 281 Swine in Barton M e r e , 1867 ; below Ipswich houses, 1898. x, 169 & 186 Swine-teeth at Brettenham, 1927. .. .. .. xix, 232 Wolf, jaw of, f r o m 7 feet below River O r w e l l : Exhibited by Scott, 1857 ii, 278 Wolf, fossil at Ipswich : bone figured. .. .. xiv, 60 Wolf in Barton Mere, 1867 x, 169 GEOLOGY.

Clay, blue & 30-feet thick, on gravel at Norton. . . " Flint in Suffolk, Use of " : by F. T . Baggallay, 1885.

In Library, 1889 Flints f r o m Stowmarket and Bucklesham. . . ..

— Geological collection of late Rev. T . Image of Whepstead : lost, to Cambs. .. .. ..

— Geol. Coli. (ut supra), part purchased at his auetion for £30 ..

B. Geology of East Anglia to Archaeology, T h e Relation of the : by D r . J. E. Taylor, F.G.S. (6th Naturalist Article printed in Proc.), 1892. . . .. ..

ii, 222 vii, 118 iv, 452 ii, 220 iii, 394 viii, 51-3

A RETROSPECT OF SUFFOLK

NATURALISTS.

71

B. " Geology of Norfolk, Outline of the " : by S. Woodward, 1833. In Library, 1889. vii, 116 B. Geology : " Thesaurus Devonica Carboniferous " : by J. J. Bigsby. In Library, 1918. .. xvi, pt. 3, p. x F. Geological Institution of Upsala, Bulletin of the : 5 Parts, 1898. In Library, 1898 x, 108 F. Geology and Fauna of Norway : 16 pamphlets on.

In Library, 1898, x, 108 Gold in Norton, Tradition of : details of Mining, 1538. ii, 280 Granite masses in blue-clay, Norton railway-cutting : Presented. .. .. .. .. .. .. ii, 222 Gravels of Ipswich. .. .. .. .. .. xiv, 64 Greenstone. .. .. .. .. .. .. iv, 452 B. Marble, Purbeck, used in building. . . .. .. viii, 52 — Minerals, A Collection of : Presented by J. F. Dove, 1853. i, 345 F. Minerals, A Collection of Australian : gold, antimony, copper, etc. : Presented. . . .. .. .. iii, 395 F. Minerals, A Collection of Australian : gold, malachite, etc. : Presented. .. .. .. .. .. iii, 399 F. [Minerals] Specimen of Cryolite for Aluminium, ex Greenland : Presented by Prof. Henslow, 1857. ii, 277 B. Oolitic Limestone in building. .. .. .. viii, 52 — Pebble, Rolled, polished section o f : Presented. .. ii, 277 Pebbles from Southwold beach, polished. . . .. iv, 452 [Physical] Aspect of Suffolk in the Seventh Century.

A Note, 1922 xviii, 51-2 [Physical] T h e Suffolk Shore. [Cf. also Review at xix, 244.] xix, 1-14 & 117-40 [Physical] Suffolk Coast in Thirteenth Century : with coeval M a p . .. .. .. .. .. xviii, 70-1 [Physical] Island of Lothingland, 1584: with M a p .

[Cf. also East Anglian Miscellany, no. 8026.] . . xx, 1 - 3 [Physical] River Gipping's former course. . . .. xiv, 60 [Physical] Geological Diagram of Gipping Valley.

[Cf. also xvi, 69.] .. .. xv, 14 [Physical] River Orwell. .. .. .. .. xiv, 60 [Physical] Beccles, Sea reaching to : Lord Arthur Hervey on. . . .. .. .. .. .. iii, 420 B. [Physical]' T h e F e n m a n ' s World ' [Cambridge], Review of : water-level dropped 9 feet during 1857-1930. xx, 311 Pipe-clay, Some pipes of, from 900-feet well at Combs : Exhibited ii, 215 Rocks, T h e West, off Harwich viii, 53 F. Rocks f r o m Arctic Regions, Specimens of : Exhibited. ii, 214 FRocks and Lava, Collection of, from M o u n t Etna : Presented ii, 273 Septaria employed in building. .. .. .. viii, 53 B. Serpentine [metamorphosed igneous chlorite Rock, confined to Lizard], Specimen of, from Lizard, Cornwall ; and a worked pillar of, in Cornwall : Exhibited. .. .. .. .. .. .. ii, 96 B siate, A Collection of Stonesfield : Presented. .. iii, 395 B. Stalactite five feet long, Part of, ex Cheddar-cliff, Somerset, J u n e 1845 : Presented. .. .. ii, 223 Stones [limed-sand] of M u t f o r d Wood, T h e : by H . K. Creed (2nd Naturalist article printed in Proc.), 1872 iv, 244 Strata, Specimens of sea, etc., f r o m 900-feet well at C o m b s : Exhibited ii, 215