A REVIEW OF BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA FOR 1970 BARON DE W O R M S
THE early weeks of 1970 followed very closely the pattern of its predecessor with very little wintry conditions. In fact most of January and February were extremely mild with all the early geometer moths appearing well up to Standard times, but the lepidoptera received a severe setback inthefirst half of March which was unusually cold with heavy snowfalls during its opening days. However, the Yeilow-horned (Achlya flavicornis Linn.) was out by the middle of the month, though the sallow blossom was only just starting at the end of March which brought with it one of the chilliest Easter periods for many years, but during a few warmer days in the third week of March the Orange Underwing (Archiearis parthenias Linn.) was well on the wing in East Kent. The first hibernating butterflies in particular the Brimstone (Gonepteryx rhamni Linn.) also began to fly at this period, rather a late date. April proved a comparatively mild month which saw the appearance of the first White butterflies during its final week, but real summer arrived during the first ten days of May with temperatures well into the 70s. All the spring butterflies came out with a rush, including the two Pearl-bordered Fritillaries (Clossiana euphrosyne Linn, and C. selene Linn.) which were both more numerous than usual. A feature at this period in May was the number of hibernating females of the Pale Pinion (Lithophane socia Hufn.), in parts of southern England, seldom a common insect at this time of the year. The Orange-tip (Anthocharis cardamines Linn.) was also quite plentiful during May, which did not produce any migrants of note, except for a few Painted Ladies (Vanessa cardui Linn.) which were far from plentiful. June opened with some glorious weather. In fact the first two weeks proved to be one of the wärmest periods in recent years with the thermometer in the 80s daily and even reaching the phenomenal figure of 100°F. in the shade in the Lake District on 1 Ith June. This remarkable spell brought forth all the summer lepidoptera in a spate. A good many local species among the moths were in abundance, in particular the Alder Moth (Apatele altii Linn.) and the Beautiful Snout (Bomolocha fontis Thunb.). The butterflies too appeared in unusual quantity over most of the country, though it was largely the southern counties which provided the more interesting species. The Holly Blue (Celastrina argiolus Linn.) had another good season with relative abundance over all its ränge. The latter part of June though less settled than the first half of the month, saw a remarkable emergence of some of the Hairstreak family. In its restricted haunts in the Midlands, the Black Hairstreak (Strymonidia prutii Linn.) was more numerous than it had been for a great many years, while its near relative