A REVIEW OF LEPIDOPTERA IN BRITAIN DĂœRING 1969 BARON DE W O R M S
a very mild January the whole country experienced a very severe wintry spell during most of February which was followed by a fairly bleak March. It was not tili the Easter period during the early part of April that a burst of warmth brought out the sallow bloom which was accompanied by the appearance of the first hibernating butterflies and quite a spate of moths. In the Highlands at this time the Rannoch Sprawler (Brachionycha nubeculosa Esp.) was especially plentiful as was also the Orange Underwing (Archiearis parthenias Linn.) and Rannoch Beauty (Nyssta lapponaria Boisd.). It was as early as this in the season that the first Red Admirals (Vanessa atalanta Linn.) and Painted Ladies ( V . cardui Linn.) made their appearance as a prelude to their remarkable abundance later in the season. May proved a rather fickle month with a few warm days. About the middle of the month the first rare migrants were recorded with a couple of the small noctuid, the Purple Marbled (Eublemmci ostrina HĂźbn.), seen near Winchester. AFTER
By this time most of the spring butterflies were well on the wing, in particular quite an emergence of the Holly Blues (Celastrina argiolus Linn.), which was to prove much more numerous in its second brood in August. Also in the first part of June the Marsh Fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia Rott) was once more in very good numbers in several localities in the south of England and on the Welsh border where the Alder Kitten (Harpyia bicuspis Borkh.) reappeared, together with a great many of the Alder Moth (Apatele alni Linn.). It was during the second half of June that there began a most remarkable spell of fine and very warm weather which was to last almost throughout the whole of July, making it one of the best summer periods of the Century and bringing with it a veritable spate of butterflies which had not been observed in such plenty for a great many years. One of the chief features of this wonderful July was the relative abundance of the Purple Emperor (Apatura iris Linn.) which was noted over a wide area in the south of England and in several spots where it had not been recorded for a great many years. This grand insect could even be seen sailing round the treetops a dozen at a time in a few selected areas and was on the wing well into August. The White Admiral (Limenitis Camilla Linn.) also had an equally good season as also did the Swallow-tail (Papilio machaon Linn.) on the Norfolk Broads where it was in the greatest profusion throughout the summer months. The larger Fritillaries too were really plentiful, in particular the Darkgreen {Argynnis aglaia Linn.) which was even in quantity as far north as the Orkney Islands. Most of the Blues as well benefited