A REVIEW OF BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA FOR BARON
C H A R L E S DE
1963
WORMS
FEW people are likely to forget the early months of 1963 since they produced by far the severest period of weather during this Century and for more than 100 years in the south of England, which saw at least eight weeks of almost unbroken frost accompanied by a heavy snow covering. Nothing virtually moved in the realms of Nature tili well on into March when the ground at last began to thaw out. By the middle of that month, however, all the lepidoptera that had been held up, began trickling out together with a few of the hibernated butterflies. T h e sallow blossom, too, was at its most attractive period only in early April. This month saw a good emergence of the noctuid moths that frequent these blooms and towards the end of it the Prominents (Notodontidae) were in fßll swing with a good showing of the Scarce Prominent (Odontosia carmelita, Esp.). Butterflies were in quite good numbers by the middle of May, notably the Whites (Pieridae) and the Orange-tip (.Anthocharis cardamines, Linn.), while the Large Pearl-bordered Fritillary (Clossiatia euphrosyne, Linn.) quickly followed with average numbers in most areas. But there was no sign at this part of the season of any early immigrants. T h e first ten days of June provided some of the wärmest weather of an otherwise very indifferent summer. During this spell the Common Blue (Polyommatus icarus, Rott.) appeared in unusual abundance in the south of England. About the middle of the month that very local little geometrid moth, T h e Grey Carpet (Lithostege griseata, Schiff.) was commoner than for many years in its restricted haunts in the Breck Sand area of the Eastern Counties. It was about this date that a real rarity occurred on the Sussex coast in the form of a specimen of the Alchymist (Catephia alchymista, Schiff.), only the third example of this prize to appear this Century. Those who visited the Wye Valley towards the end of June were delighted to find that the Scarce Hooktip (Drepana harpagula, Esp.) was quite a common denizen of the region among the Narrow-leaved Lime (Tilea cordatd). It had been discovered there the previous year after not having been seen in the country for some twenty years. Accompanying it was the Large Grey Pug (Eupithecia egenaria, Herrich-Schaeffer), also found to exist there in 1962, but now appearing in good numbers likewise among this Lime on which it was bred for the first time. This small geometer had always been regarded as a great rarity even on the Continent. T h e early part of July saw yet another most remarkable discovery among our lepidoptera. A collector, while wandering through some wild country in the west of Scotland, happencd to come on some Burnet moths which he at once realised were somewhat smaller than the normal ones. When he brought some specimens to the Natural History Museum in London, they turned out to be