Review of British Lepidoptera for 1960

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A REVIEW OF BRITISH FĂœR

LEPIDOPTERA

1960

b y BARON DE WORMS.

THE story for 1960 is indeed a very different one from its predecessor. Following on the phenomenally warm season of 1959, that of 1960 was one of almost unbroken dullness with very few really hot spells and it eventually ended in one of the wettest autumns on record. It opened with, on the whole, a mild winter with only one sharp spell in mid-February. Butterflies began appearing at about their normal dates, while the sallow bloom was well up to its usual time of maximum, the end of March. A very welcome feature of the early spring was the reappearance in numbers of the Holly Blue (Celastrina argiolus, Linn.). It is manv years since this most attractive little butterfly had been seen in such plenty. For quite a long period it had been almost absent and many people were wondering if we would ever see it again in its former abundance. It was probably the previous dry autumn that helped it to produce such a bountiful first brood which was eventually repeated when in the later summer it was again present in hundreds in most areas over Southern England. This was one of the bright spots of this rather melancholy year. The two Pearl Bordered Fritillaries (Argynnis cuphrosyne, Linn., and A. selene, Schiff.) were out at their normal periods in early and late May respectively in fair quantity together with the Orange-tip (.Euchlo'e cardamines, Linn.). High hopes were raised at the end of this month when two examples of the Crimson-speckled Footman (Utetheisapulchella, Linn.), v/ere obtained on the south-east coast. Since it was apparently in great plenty in Southern Europe at the time, it was thought that this might be a prelude to an invasion or an autumn emergence, which has not been seen in this country for over 50 years, but no more appeared. In fact, this first half of the year was singularly devoid of migrant species, even among the butterflies, while the Rush Pearl (Nomophila noctuella, Schiff.) which came over in thousands in 1959, was virtually absent in 1960. June, however, was a much better month and the latter half brought some of the best weather of the whole season. About the middle of the month therewas a remarkable emergence of the Alder Kitten (Cerura bicuspis, Borkh.), almost record numbers being seen at light in its restricted localities, mainly in Sussex, while the last week of June brought an extraordinary apparent immigration of the Rannoch Looper (Itaine brunneata, Thunb.). At least eight examples were recorded, chiefly from the southeastern part of England and one as near London as Wimbledon. All the specimens were appreciably larger than those normally found in the Highlands, which points to a foreign origin, especially as


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