Review of British Lepidoptera for 1959

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A REVIEW OF BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA FOR 1959 b y BARON DE W O R M S AFTER a comparatively mild winter with the sallow blossom out about its normal date at the end of March, spring broke with a spell of warmth which was the prelude to one of the most remarkable summers of the Century, bringing with it continuous sunshine for prolonged periods so that a large number of species appeared often several weeks before their average date. T h i s was to be noted with the Prominents, notably the Scarce Prominent (Odontosia carmelita, Esp.), which was on the wing during the first half of April. Most members of this family quickly followed by the end of the month. T h e Small White (Pieris rapae Linn.) and the Orange-tip (Anthocharis cardamines Linn.), were well out by mid-April as also was the Speckled Wood (Pararge egeria Linn.). The almost unbroken spell of warmth continued into May with the appearance of the Alder (Apatele alni Linn.), during the second week of that month, a very early record. On May 16th the Pearl-bordered Fritillary (Clossiana cuphrosyne Linn.), was already Aying in numbers in a heat wave on the west coast of Scotland. Insects were equally forward in those northerly parts.

In spite of the hot weather very few migrants appeared during this period of the season. Only one Striped Hawk (Celerio livomica Esp.), was reported during early June. However, the indigenous species came out for the most part in abundance and many of them were virtually over at the time when one would most expect to see them. This was particularly so with the larger Fritillaries, the Silver-washed (Argynnis paphia, Linn.) and the High-brown (A. cydippe Linn.), being well out by the third week of June. So was the White Admiral (Limenitis Camilla Linn.). T h e wärmest part of the year came in the first week of July when the temperature was over 80°F. daily. T h e Chalk-Hill Blue (.Lysandra coridon Poda), was well out soon after the Start of the month and in many places was almost past its best by the beginning of August. During the third week of July several of the Small Marbled (.Eublemma parva Hübn.) were taken in Surrey and Kent. Also about this period a new British noctuid was recorded in the latter county Eriopus juventina, Cramer. T h e Purple Emperor (Apatura ms Linn.), was once more comparatively plentiful in its restricted haunts. August was on the whole a very productive month, at least three examples of the Bedstraw Hawk (Celerio galii, Rott.), were taken during the first week in the Eastern Counties and the Isle of Wight, while larvae of the Humming-bird Hawk (Macroglossa stellatarum Linn.), were quite plentiful locally on downland and


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