OBSERVING A MOLE By
LORD
CRANBROOK
A M O L E ( T a l p a europaea) kept in captivity, unlike a shrew which will take food f r o m the hand within a minute of being caught and quickly learns to associate h u m a n movements with food, took nearly a week to do the same. W h e n first captured its defence reaction was to t u r n partially on one side, strike with the u p p e r most fore paw and bite. W h e n it did learn to take e.g. a meal worm f r o m one's fingers it did so very gently, quite often opening the m o u t h wide enough to take in a piece of finger b u t not biting until it got hold of the worm. A shrew will bite finger, meal worm and all in a single savage snap, b u t fortunately it is not strong enough to pierce the skin. T h e mole had two methods of attack on large worms depending u p o n the ground u n d e r foot. If the glass floor of the a q u a r i u m in which it was kept was covered with a couple of inches of loose earth or peat it would seize the worm, give it a n u m b e r of bites u p and down the body and then start to eat it f r o m the head end. If the floor had merely a sprinkling of earth it would seize the worm, r u n quickly backwards for a distance of 6" u p to 18" or two feet, and then bite a n d eat the worm. Small worms and meal worms were eaten on the Spot whether in deep or shallow litter, so it would seem that running backwards is a method of dealing with large worms f o u n d lying with their tails still in their burrows when the mole is h u n t i n g on the surface. I n fact, smallish worms 3" or so in length were obviously more to its taste than the large ones though these last were all eaten in the end. I n spite of food consisting very largely of water, as do worms, the mole drank copiously burying its nose in water almost u p to the eyes and sucking in so violently that if, as was usual, it had thrown m u c h earth into its water tank, small particles could be seen swirling around as the water was sucked in.
It was difficult to arrange a drinking trough which was not always being overturned b u t finally a shallow pyrex casserole some 2" high filled with lead piping but leaving enough water exposed for drinking purpose was f o u n d to be sufficiently immovable. It had the advantage of Atting closely into one end of the aquarium, its overhanging edges making transparent mole-run like tunnels. Large worms seized in these tunnels by the mole when hungry were eaten on the s p o t : there was no " backwards running " reaction. If these tunnels were filled with earth the mole rootled its way t h r o u g h with its nose: the h a n d s seemed mainly to be used for Walking though they were used for digging when ploughing its way through deeper earth in the cage. On several occasions a mole heap was thrown u p at the corner between casserole and cage, the mole again using its nose and forehead for