10 t h A n n u a l I n t e r n a t i o n a l S U D e s C o n f e r e n ce
Sustainable Urban Design
AxSud
Ax:son Johnson Institute for Sustainable Urban Design
Axel and Margaret Ax:son Johnson Foundation
Making Climate Performative Places
SUDes
MAKING CLIMATE PERFORMATIVE PLACES URBAN DESIGN THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE 10
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ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND PANNEL DISCUSSIONS - REPORT
CONTENTS 05
Contents
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Foreword by Jenny B. Osuldesn
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The Theme of the Conference by Constantin Milea
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The Conference 36
Jenny B. Osuldsen: Introducing the speakers
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Brian Stone Jr.: Adaptive Infrastructure and Climate Performance: Design Defences for Extreme Heat in Cities
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Cyndi Rottenberg-Walker: Growth Management for the Godd of the Cities: The Toronto Experience
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Kristina Stentrรถm: Water Treatment and Public Realm in Iracema
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Joey Hodde: From Polluted Shipyard to Cleantech Playground
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Maura Rockcastle: Topia Extremis: Landscape in Flux
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Christer Larsson: Towards a New Urbanity: Architecture as an Engine for Sustainable Development
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Thomas Auer: Outdoor Comfort: Basics for a Livable cities
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Harrison Fraker: Climate Performative Places: Next Steps
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Why are we making climate performative places? by Thomas Auer
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Afterword by Donlyn Lyndon
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List of makers
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Aknowledgement
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FOREWORD by Jenny B. Osuldsen We need to redefine user comfort and find new standards for high quality city life.
The theme of the 10th SUDes conference is: “Making climate performative places. Urban design that makes a difference”. The theme announces what the SUDes master program also aims for; a very ambitious goal to prepare students to create urban design that makes a difference. We all know that we need to be more responsible for our common future when creating sustainable urban design, but what can we do and how can we do it? The urban population is growing fast and we know we have to respond by creating more housing, infrastructure and common, public buildings and outdoor rooms. The building industry is advancing constantly. The making of new footprints all over the
globe stand for a large part of the total CO2 footprint accelerating the climate change effects. For every new urban development that will be executed, we need to make new choices. One choice is to make environmental responsive architecture and climate performative places. Form follows environment, is a way of thinking more holistic: by reusing exiting structures to reduce the amount of waste. Produce more energy locally and use less. Combine the choices of a smaller building footprint with more inviting, generous and greener outdoor spaces. Respond to the extreme weather outcomes, by rethinking how we use water and aim for a more sustainable food production. To perform a “green shift” we need to explore a new mind set which also will result into new esthetics. Throughout the last century we have been using and producing, so its time to perform with a greater responsibility for our common future. We need to make clear choices that reflect environmental responsive architecture and systems.
We want to see more examples of projects producing energy and at the same time minimizing the use of energy and plan for life cycles. We need to learn globally, but handle and tailor locally. Site-specific conditions include engagement of people and local ownership. People are crucial design parameters and participation is a key to sustain an idea from plan to reality. We need to think even more careful about all the in between spaces that will connect people and cities and how to improve our common public and urban realm. We may need to redefine user comfort and find new standards for high quality city life. It is important to be inspired, but even more important to review the choices already built from good practices that actually make a difference. Be inspired and start to make choices that are beyond what we see today!
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THE THEME OF THE CONFERENCE by Constantin Milea
With the main theme of the conference set to look for new answers and visions of performative public realm, likewise the place of the event itself was transformed to manifest the conference’s ideas into the physical environment.
As urban designers we are dealing with the different aspects of life. Since planning new areas and recycling old ones means that improvements are a necessary requirement, it is imperative we have to think how people will live and work.
The place of the event was traditionally the great hall in the School of Architecture, but the goal was not only to use the common space of the hall but to engage the whole ground floor of school and create one interconnected space acting as a continuous public realm. The realm would represent the performance of the space at its best by encouraging many activities and various interactions, inviting everyone to be part of the climate performative space and share their experiences throughout the conference as well as to raise new questions.
Starting back in the early 1970’s planners changed their approach to what does it mean to live in a city. We created new ways in which the quality of life can be experienced, celebrating close connections and taking a step closer into the future of urban design.Making Climate Performative Places is about how we rethink urban spaces. It brings forward the creative process of how climate shapes our cities and the result of projects developed all over the world. From North America to Europe and Middle East, this year’s speakers showed in their talks that designing with climate is actually fun and imaginative. Bringing together the tools that make a city inclusive and site specific.
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Although urban design, seen from the global scale has changed over the past 15 years, loud voices still act as if globalization is only about gentrification and people like the same things over and over again. This cannot be further from the truth. Communities from most of the livable cities are concerned about the outcome of copypaste neighborhoods have to the standard of living. They bring new qualities that we take for granted but in the same time urban spaces (streets, meeting places, facilities, etc.) tend to look the same, regardless of their place on the planet. This outcome has a great deal of consequences, how we live our life and most importantly, will we feel safe on the long run, living in dense cities? Narrowing it down to the basics, cities need people to be cities. On the other hand, people need safety and a constant supply of resources. Usually all these processes are made by carrying products from and within the city, giving way for infrastructure to develop. This infrastructure , is making out life easier and comfortable but in the same time is dividing communities and can generate discomfort, especially when
is used in the same way as it has been for generations. But we also see a trend especially with new urban design and architecture offices. New urban projects are more careful, designing and recycling places, taking into account the climate of cities and promoting new interdisciplinary relations. Since 1993 Transsolar office based in Stuttgart has dealt with numerous projects, from buildings to large scale urban strategies. These projects, as diverse as they are have one element in common, climate design. One can argue if people took so much time to perfect the indoors of buildings, why bother thinking about the outside. Well a simple answer is, outdoor spaces is were we actually meet everyone we know.
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Projects like B01 in MalmĂś are a living example of how urban design and climate design works at its best. Since its opening, in 2001, the newly developed area in the Western Harbor combines density and a variety of urban outdoor spaces with energy, water and waste performance. Local materials are used to create an urban framework that protects the inner spaces from the harsh wind, while living space for sun cover. Being 15 years old, B01 is still a landmark of innovation and new creative ways to design neighborhoods. How can we actually make urban spaces perform better for our needs and also to be part of the greater picture. Simply put there is no straight answer to designing cities. Every part of the habitable surface of the planet is different. Either we are talking about climate or landscape cities are unique within their context and size. Taking this into account when making new strategies, plus using technology as an extensive tool, urban designers can create places where communities within cities can live, work and evolve.
Many people throughout history have tried to come up with new revolutionary solutions of how cities should look like. Unfortunately they also forgot their place in the ecosystem. Once Isaac Newton said: “If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants�. We need to remember that working with nature can be one of the most important discoveries. Nowadays we can map cities and make data analysis far more accurate than past generations. Also new urban design / architectural offices use augmentative tools to interpret how infrastructure can become part of the urban space rather than trying to tam the forces of nature with monstrous projects. Making a conference for students, professionals, local stakeholders and academics alike, we are bringing forward the people and their projects that tell the story behind that does it take to make a sustainable city.
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Putting the conference together was a process by it self, selecting the projects that bring something new to the city stage. One key aspect of this years conference is the diversity of places. Making Climate Performative Places brings together works from all over the world gives the audience the tools that they might need in order to start a future discussion about what makes a community part of the city and how we live, work and move. The following pages will take you into the world of creative minds and people who are challenged by one main question: what is our place in the city?
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THE CONFERENCE Making Climate Performative Places Peter Siöström
Assistant professor, Director of SUDes, Lund University, Sweden Welcome and introduction to SUDes
Jenny B. Osuldsen
Senior Landscape Architect, MNLA, MLArch, Partner at Snøhetta, Norway Introduction to Making Climate Performative Places
Brian Stone Jr.
Associate Professor, School of City and Regional Planning, Georgia Tech, PhD Program Director Adaptive Infrastructure and Climate Performance:Design Defenses for Extreme Heat in Cities
Cyndi Rottenberg-Walker
Partner at Urban Strategies, Toronto Growth Management for the Good of the Climate and Communities: The Toronto Experience
Kristina Stenström
Townplanner, Tjörn Municipality; SwedenSUDes Alumni Network Water Treatment and Public Realm in Iracema
Joey Hodde
Co-creator at Café de Ceuvel, Amsterdam From Polluted Shipyard to Cleantech Playgroung
Maura Rockcastle
Principal and Co-founder, TenxTen Studio, Minneapolis Topia Extremis: Landscape in Flux
Christer Larsson
Director of Malmö City Planning; Office Chairman, The Nordic City Network Towards a new Urbanity: Architecture as an engine for sustainable development
Thomas Auer
Managing Director, Engineer; Transsolar, Stuttgart Outdoor Comfort: Basics for a Livable City
Harrison Fraker
Professor of Architecture and Urban Design College of Environmental Design University of California Berkeley Climate Performative Places: Next Steps
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JENNY B. OSULDSEN Introduction to Making Climate Performative Places Jenny B. Osuldsen is educated as Landscape architect in Norway (MLArch 1991) and in the USA. She has been working with Snøhetta since 1995 where is one of the six partners. Landscape and architecture have developed at Snøhetta into a single idea creating a new and emerging spirit for architectural practices, worldwide. Jenny has been a member of the SUDes team as a visiting professor since 2014. Jenny was the conference moderator this year. http://snøhetta.com/
As a partener at Shøhetta, Jenny worked with various projects in Norway, Sweden and New York, combining both interactive design and climate performance. From a small housing project in Larvik, Norway to Max Lab IV in Lund and the new governmental building in Oslo, Jenny is showing that architecture, landscape and climate design when put together can create lasting works of art. Her argument starts from a pilot project, using the sun and natural elements to create a small house. Set to perform independently in terms of energy while making the most of how indoor/outdoor spaces, the new private house is attracting not only visiting architects and students but engineers and builders alike. Moving on to Lund, Sweden the new Max Lab IV, when completed will revolutionize the way in which we study matter and light. In this case the project focused on strict technical specifications regarding underground sound vibrations. Using the surrounding landscape as inspiration, a pattern of concentric hills were built in order to absorb car vibrations from a near motorway, using only excavated
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soil from the main building. The resulted design brings back the lost biodiversity in a monoculture agricultural landscape while creating a natural sound barrier. Last year Snøhetta was commissioned to design the new governmental headquarters in Oslo. This complex project had to be user orientated, easy accessible while focusing on a high security area in the most dense part of the old city. One of the main strategies was to keep the area free of moving cars, thus creating public spaces that connect the new three towers with the rest of the city. By 2034 about 7500 people are expecting to work in this area, putting a while lot of pressure on the quality of the public space. Combining different climate design tools, the team came up with an interesting approach; to create a urban forest that will work as a buffer for outdoor microclimate, while strengthening the indoor energy performance.
BRIAN STONE JR. Adaptive Infrastructure and Climate Performance: Design Defenses for Extreme Heat in Cities Brian Stone Jr., Ph.D., is a Professor in the School of City and Regional Planning at the Georgia Institute of Technology, where he teaches in the area of urban environmental planning and design. Stone’s program of research is focused on the spatial drivers of urban environmental phenomena, with an emphasis on urban scale climate change, and is supported by the National Science Foundation, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. He is Director of the Urban Climate Lab at Georgia Tech. Stone’s work on urbanization and climate change has been featured on CNN and National Public Radio, and in print media outlets such as Forbes and The Washington Post. He is author of The City and the Coming Climate: Climate Change in the Places We Live (Cambridge University Press), which received a Choice Outstanding Academic Title Award for 2012. Stone holds degrees in environmental management and planning from Duke University and the Georgia Institute of Technology. http://planning.gatech.edu/
Brian is a strong advocate, discussing the effects of climate change and the vulnerability of cities facing extreme weather events. Climate change in cities is different from climate change around the world. His research about the consequences of heat island effect in cities is showing alarming results, each year cities are getting wormer. As governments tend to recognize the immediate danger cities are dealing with, Brian points out a few bullet-point conclusions from his research at Georgia Institute of Technology. Population vulnerability to climate change in cities may be higher today than it will be at time in the future. Recognition of the need to adapt is crucial as the strategies implemented.
Climate adaptation requires climate phenomena to be localized, contextualized and translated to policy-relevant information. Climate performative design contextualizes the climate problem. Neighborhood scale, design-based adaptation measures can achieve significant reductions in summer temperatures and heat-related mortality. The sum of heat adaptation strategies in greater than the parts.
“We don’t take dramatic action to prepare for climate change, we just put on our rain boots; increasingly that is getting difficult to do.” 39
© Thuthfacts.com
CYNDI ROTTENBERG-WALKER Growth Management for the Good of the Climate and Communities: The Toronto Experience Cyndi has been a partner at Urban Strategies since 2002 and has wide-ranging expertise in developing campus and community plans and strategies. Her practice is founded on a commitment to engaging diverse groups in and instilling a positive mindset towards the creation of sustainably built urban environments at all scales. Cyndi has had leadership roles in many diverse projects, including the 30 year Campus Plans for Cornell and Princeton Universities. Her work on the Humbertown community masterplan and the City of Saint John Growth Management Strategy are two of many for which she has received professional awards of excellence. http://urbanstrategies.com/
Cyndi’s argument for managing growth is one of the most challenging issue Toronto is facing in the future. This has immediate implication to how the effects of the human footprint and sprawl will have to be dealt with, once the city is growing by about 50000 residents per year. Urban Strategies Inc. the office where Cyndi is a partner has been dealing with creating new downtowns – places where transit cores exists or will be introduced. From a Jane Jacobs vision to a mix use design, the future vision for Toronto is to give ways to design innovative pedestrian orientated strategies, a way to incorporate compatible transportation networks as a catalyst for densification projects. Humbertown project is one example where a large commercial site is reintroduced to its community. Here the main question is how to keep the local character of the area while introducing new functions. The future plan is to keep the existing streets as pedestrian links and introducing a cocktail of new functions in order to create a neighborhood orientated overall strategy.
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“We need to understand the fact that people love where they live.”
KRISTINA STENTRĂ–M Water Treatment and Public Realm in Iracema Kristina is part of the SUDes Alumni Network and currently working with TjĂśrn Municipality in Sweden. Her experience is specifically with Iracema Neighborhood in Fortaleza, Brazil focusing on how to enhance the quality of ecological life by making climate performative places. Her thesis objectives were to revitalize the mangrove forest, designing a new urban fabric that supports a wide variety of ecosystems. This creates a local based economy while simultaneously supporting a micro-climate friendly environment. http://tjorn.se/
Another resource to imagine how climate design can reintroduce communities to their city is from Iracema, Brazil. Kristina argues that local solutions can have a great impact at the global scale. Design with nature is what brings us one step closer to a sustainable future. On these terms, Kristina is taking advantage of the local mangrove forest to create a immediate local action plan for see level rise. This will create new bridges between local communities and strategies for local economy, giving ways for neighborhoods to increase their quality of living while supporting a rich biodiverse mangrove forest.
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JOEY HODDE From Polluted Shipyard to Cleantech Playground Joey is one of the four owners of Café de Ceuvel, a new crowd-founded, fully eco-friendly restaurant in the heart of the old shipping yard De Ceuvel-Volharding. The bottom-up project started as a competition using both 80-year old bollards from the harbor of Amsterdam and the walls of old lifeguard posts from Scheveningen. Solar panels and bio-gas are produced locally on site and together all the ingredients create a fully self-sufficient community and playground. http://cafedeceuvel.nl/
Joey Hodde, parter and founder of Café de Ceuvel, is showing us all the struggles and fun to build and run a fully sustainable site in Amsterdam. Starting as a pilot project, de Ceuvel got a lot of media attention once the kickstarting campaign was released.
“It’s not only a technical question...it is also a social one.”
Using only construction materials from the nearby degrading harbor, the original architects of this project, pressed by financial reasons decided to use as much as they could scrap, while keeping the sustainable character of the site. One main problems was the polluted soil, for which the landscape architects team proposed a fully integrated phytoremediation solution, one that could work together with the bio filters and waste to fertilizer tanks. De Ceuvel now is working both as a soil remediation site, a café/restaurant, office space, workshop and whatever the energetic people involved are thinking about doing next.
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© Cafe de Ceuvel
“Sustainability starts from your plate!�
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MAURA ROCKCASTLE Topia Extremis: Landscape in Flux Maura is the co-founder and principal of TENxTEN Studio in Minneapolis. For over the past 10 years she was part of various collaborations with James Corner Field Operations, Snøhetta, and Tom Leader Studio. Focusing on projects highlighting various approaches to resiliency in the face of climate change and shifting economies. She was involved in cultural, institutional and large-scale urban projects including Reconstruction of Times Square, Golden State Warriors Arena Plaza in San Francisco and Section 1 of the High Line in NYC. http://tenxtenstudio.com/
Talking big about climate change effects is what makes people being listen, but we often forget about the small problems that add to the main one. Maura is arguing that our lives are driven by some anatomical factors that inevitably lead to the main problem – our personal contribution to climate change in cities. We most often do not mention about convenience when it comes to traffic situations, consumption when it comes to our carbon footprint, urbanization, densification, unplanned rapid growth and so on. With an extensive resume like “The High Line” in New York, river front development in Minneapolis, Maura talks about mitigating climate change effects by starting to think small. In both projects just by using the natural landscape as driver and catalyst local communities can start to integrate local strategies that will eventually raze the quality of life and also diminish the effects of future natural disasters
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“We have to design for things that are not measurable.”
© Tom Leader Studio
CHRISTER LARSSON Towards a new Urbanity: Architecture as an engine for sustainable development Christer is currently the Town Planning Director of the city of Malmö since 2005. He has an extensive background in architecture and urban planning, receiving international recognition through his influence in reimagining the city of Malmö. Among the many attributes that Christer has, he is both the Chairman for the jury leading the City of Kiruna competition and of The Nordic City Network. He is affiliated with expert international networks, such as The International New Town Association and The Academy of Urbanism. He is also a senior adviser at the School of Architecture at Lund University and ranked one of the 15th most influential people in design and architecture in Sweden. http://malmo.se/
Christer Larsson is a strong advocate for climate design in Malmö. Combining both city strategies and social sustainability the chef town planning office is arguing that in order to be resilient in the future the city of Malmö needs also to be creative and bold. Most of all people need to make bold decisions for new developments. He reminds us about the importance of Bo01 as a generator for new ideas but also point out the reason why after 15 years there has not been any neighborhood like Bo01. People need ideas to evolve creatively. As appointed to generate the new national design environment (gestaltad livsmiljö) – a new policy for architecture and design, Christer is creating new ways to design for people.
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“Urban design is about enabling people’s dreams.”
THOMAS AUER Outdoor Comfort: Basics for a Livable City Thomas is partner and managing director of Transsolar, an engineering firm with offices in Stuttgart, Munich, Paris and New York. He collaborated with world known architecture firms on numerous international design projects. He is a specialist in energy efficiency, user comfort and sustainable urban design. Thomas has developed concepts for buildings around the world noted for their innovative strategies – an integral part of signature architecture. Thomas taught at Yale University and was a visiting professor at the ESA in Paris and other Universities. Since 2014 he is Professor at the TU München. He speaks frequently at conferences and received the Treehugger “best of green” award in 2010.
http://transsolar.com
“Climate design is a design opportunity.”
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Thomas argues that talking about the problem is not the same as finding opportunities in building and urban design. Using Paris as a extreme hot summer example, Thomas takes a step forward in climate design by showing how a simple solution in changing the reflectivity proprieties of materials can have a significant impact on how temperature is distributed during night time. Each city should have a local-based masterplan! If we want to change the way cities are performing, public spaces must accommodate local solutions in order to generate a ambient temperature suitable for our comfort. Climate design as many other strategies is also a design opportunity, increasing the performance of cities while making them more comfortable and beautiful in the same time. Thomas strongly suggests that we can always find new strategies for building better places, and one of these strategies is learning how we use the city and its climate.
“Places have to be beautiful and comfortable, in the same time.” © Raphael Pincas
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HARRISON FRAKER Climate Performative Places: Next Steps Professor Fraker is recognized as a pioneer in passive solar, day lighting and sustainable design research and teaching. He has pursued a career bridging architecture and urban design education and teaches design studio at Berkeley University. In 2014 was awarded by AIA/ACSA with Topaz Medallion for Excellence in Architectural Education. http://berkeley.edu/
From air pollution to severe storms, rendering the environmental performance is the most underdeveloped design opportunity. Harrison thinks that cities should be environmental performative in order to bring back the social performance of public spaces. For the last decades a lot of work has been put into thinking the right of way in cities. This is also what triggered a detachment from our social life, which we strongly want to bring back.
“Environmental performance is also an opportunity.�
It is crucial to many publics that rely on the public space of cities for their existence. For some it is almost all they have. It is the space of their social networking, economic life-hood and essential to their identity. Yet the health, safety and the livability of that public space is under the multiple threats of climate change. Following Jan Gehl’s thought process, social performance should come first, followed by a strong spatial definition and then the buildings
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Š TVK Architectes Urbanistes
WHY ARE WE MAKING CLIMATE PERFORMATIVE PLACES ? by Thomas Auer
Urban design is the design of the unfinished. Cities constantly adapt to changing conditions. Climate change lead to higher summer temperature, with bigger implications in dense urban environments.
Contemporary digital tools became essential in order to support and inform the urban design process.
The thermal storage effect of streets and buildings significantly increase night time temperatures in cities, which leads to much higher indoor temperatures in non air conditioned buildings since night time cooling has almost no effect.
Also one can see more frequent weather extremes - particularly heat waves. To this regard it is necessary to put more focus onto a climate responsive urban design - and to take climate change into account. This creates an environment in which people use and take advantage of the public realm. It also supports the aim to achieve a lively and vibrant urban environment. Place de la rĂŠpublique in Paris is an example which illustrates nicely how such an adaptation could be accomplished, providing a great environment and local comfort for people and improving local microclimate. Urban form, massing strategies and density impact urban climate and outdoor comfort. Masdar city, Abu Dhabi (Foster and P.) as well as the Riverparc project, Pittsburgh (Behnisch Architekten + Gehl Architects) are examples how massing strategies can be used in order to create an urban environments with high density whilst providing optimized outdoor comfort at the same time.
Massing strategies are optimized in order to provide shading against sun and wind while providing solar access where desired. Contemporary digital tools became essential in order to support and inform the urban design process. At the same time more research is necessary in order to fully understand the complex interaction of several forces which shape our cities.
Our environments become a part of us.
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AFTERWORD by Donlyn Lyndon The 2015 SUDes conference presentations and discussions included many references to the need for designers who are able to “think outside their comfort zone”; people who can use and join with others in exploring processes beyond those with which they are familiar; people who will reach out to the concerns of others who have differing knowledge, needs and views of the world. Yes, but the discussion poses still another great and prior need.
“Climate design is about widening the comfort zone”
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As educators and students and people entering the field we must seek to widen that comfort zone, to make it more inclusive. We need to expand the ways that we think about, observe and take action on the places around us and to understand the life processes they engender. Finding means for monitoring and validating information and techniques, paying close attention to the many ways in which environments perform, opening fresh ways to imagine possibilities for the shape of things to come, are all vital paths toward the creative capacity to engage fruitfully in the development of satisfying and sustainable futures.
LIST OF MAKERS Publishing director Design team
Constantin Milea Peter Siöström Andreas Mayor
Book Editors
Louise Lövenstierne Constantin Milea
SUDes team
Louise Lövenstierne Andreas Olsson Per Tibbelin
Conference manager
Mattias Nordström
Photographs
Video Team Student contributions during the conference Conference participants
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Peter Siöstrom
Martynas Sinkevicius Constantin Milea Cyril Pavlu Peter Siöström Anna Nilsson Staffan Lindsröm Richard Almenius Silvia Platteeuw Puy Jenny B. Osuldsen Brian Stone Jr. Cyndi Rottenberg-Walker Joey Hodde Kristina Stenström Maura Rockcastle Christer Larsson Thomas Auer Harrison Fraker
Special thanks to
Ax:son Johnson Institute for Sustainable Urban Design Lund Unversity
Jenny B. Osuldsen,
Senior Landscape Architect MNLA, MLArch Professorin Landscape Architectre, Ås Agricultural University Ax:son Johnson Guest Professor, SUDes, School of Architecture, Lund University Partner Snøhetta, Oslo
Harrison Fraker, FAIA
Professor of Architecture and Urban Design, Department of Architecture, UC Berkeley William Wurster Dean Emeritus, College of Environmental Design Chair, Energy Resources Group, UC Berkeley Ax:son Johnson Guest Professor, SUDes, School of Architecture, Lund University AIA/ACSA 2014 Topaz Medallion Recipient
Donlyn Lyndon, FAIA
Eva Li Professor Emeritus of Architecture and Urban Design, UC Berkeley Professor of Architecture and Urban Design, Department of Architecture Ax:son Johnson Guest Professor, SUDes, School of Architecture, Lund University AIA/ACSA 1997 Topaz Medallion Recipient
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AKNOWLEDGEMENT
SUDes Sustainable Urban Design
AxSud
Ax:son Johnson Institute for Sustainable Urban Design Axel and Margaret Ax:son Johnson Foundation
Ax:son Johnson Institute for Sustainable Urban Design Lund University Sustainable Urban Design Master’s Program www.stadsbyggnad.lth.se School of Architecture Lunds Tekniska Högskola P.O.Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden +46 46 222 00 00 School of Architecture Lunds Tekniska Högskola Lund University Lund, Sweden SUDes Publishing ISBN 978-91-980294-6-8 Printed in Lund by Media Tryck 2015 Lund, Sweden http://www.stadsbyggnad.lth.se/english/resources/downloads/
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