Architectural thesis report - 2020 | B.ARCH | SUDARSANAN_DG

HABITAT FOR FISHERMAN NEIGHBORHOOD

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

SUDARSANAN D.G

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE IN ARCHITECTURE RVS KVK SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025 APRIL 2020

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ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “FISHERMAN VILLAGE “is the bonafide work of “SUDARSANAN D.G” who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE

SIGNATURE

Dr.BABU RAJESWARAN

Ar.VIJAYAROHINI V.S

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,

M. Arch PHD

B. Arch

Department of Architecture

Department of Architecture

RVS KVK SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

RVS KVK SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

Trichy – Dindugul Highway,

Trichy – Dindugul Highway,

Inamkulathur,

Inamkulathur,

Tiruchirapalli.

Tiruchirapalli.

[2]

ABSTRACT

This thesis primarily focusses on rural development, community growth and vernacular architecture. Its essence lies in the development of a particular community in terms of one economic impacting factor. The selection of village, and its development factors and funding to the project is justified by National Rurban Mission (2015) proposed by ministry of rural development, India.

The selected village, Samanthanpettai located in Nagapattinam(dt), Tamilnadu, India.

Samanthanpettai is a fishing village with most of its population engaged with fishing and its related activities. But nature’s uncertain situation makes this occupation unreliable, leading to communities and future generations to drift away from the occupation and their village. For a secure future, the local needs to be provided with facilities to create alternative sustainable work opportunities related to fishing.

The aim of this thesis is to develop samanthanpettai, in order to give the fishing community an alternate outlook to retain their culture and also to promote it, and to withstand the future population in the village by providing them with houses and amenities with respect to the village, climate and its architecture.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS TITLES

PAGE.NO

ABSTRACT 1.

2.

3

SYNOPSIS 1.1 INTRODUCTION

9

1.2 NEED OF THE STUDY

9

1.3 AIM

9

1.4 STUDY OBJECTIVES

9

1.5 DESIGN OBJECTIVES

9

1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

10

1.7 METHODOLOGY

10

DATA COLLECTION 2.1 LAND USE CLASSIFICATION

12

2.2 STANDING MALE AND FEMALE DIMENSIONS

13

2.3 ELEMENTS OF PEDESTRIAN AND

14

VECHICULAR LANDSCAPE 2.4 STANDARDS OF BOATS

15

2.5 COASTAL REGULATION ZONE NORMS

15

IN INDIA [4]

2.6 MAIN ROADS JUNCTIONS

18

2.6.1 STREET ROADS

19

2.7 FISH MARKET

19

2.8 HOUSING

20

2.8.1 STORAGE AREA

20

2.8.2 CLEARANCES IN LIVING CUM DINING

22

2.8.3 BEDROOM

24

2.8.4 KITCHEN

25

2.8.5 BATHROOM

28

2.9 MULTI PURPOSE HALL

31

2.10 PARKING

33

2.10.1 PARKING LOTS

34

2.11 LIBRARY

35

CASE STUDY 3. KASIMEDU, TAMILNADU 3.1 ABSTRACT

37

3.2 SELECTION OF THE SITE

37

3.3 EDUCATION

37

3.4 DATA ANALYSIS

37

3.5 DAMAGES IN TSUNAMI

38

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3.6 SEWAGE MANAGEMENT

38

3.7 ELECTRIC SUPPLY

38

3.8 STORAGE

39

3.9 EXPORTS

39

3.10 BOAT TERMINAL

39

4. MUTTOM, KANYAKUMARI 4.1 INTRODUCTION

40

4.2 FISHING NETWORK

40

4.3 LIGHTHOUSE AND MUSEUM

41

4.4 VILLAGE

41

4.5 HISTORY

41

4.6 RELIGION

42

4.7 EDUCATION

42

LITERATURE STUDY 5. MARINA DEL REY, CALIFORNIA 5.1 INTRODUCTION

43

5.2 PUBLIC PARKING LOTS

44

5.3 POINTS OF INTEREST

45

5.4 BALLONA WETLANDS

45

5.5 INFRASTRUCTURE

46

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6. DUNGA, AFRICA 6.1 ABSTRACT

47

6.2 IDENTITY

47

6.3 HISTORY

48

6.4 ECONOMY

48

6.5 CLIMATE

48

6.6 ROADS AND PARKING

48

6.7 INFRASTRUCTURE

49

6.8 RAIN GARDEN PRINCIPLE

49

6.9 SPATIAL PLAN AND SECTION

50

SPECIAL STUDY 7. ARANYA COMMUNITY HOUSING 7.1 HISTORY

51

7.2 PLANNING

52

8. BELEPHUR INCREMENTAL HOUSING 8.1 HISTORY

58

8.2 ACCESSIBILITY

58

8.3 SERVICES

58

8.4 MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION

58

8.5 USER

59

8.6 PRINCIPLES

61 [7]

8.7 WATER SUPPLY

65

8.8 DRAINAGE

66

8.9 DESIGN ACHIEVEMENTS

66

8.10 SHORT COMMINGS

66

SITE ANALYSIS 9. SAMANTHANPETTAI, NAGAPATTINAM, TN 9.1 SITE LOCATION

67

9.2 SITE BOUNTRY

68

9.3 TOPOGRAPHY

68

9.4 SUN PATH

69

9.5 EDGE ANALYSIS

69

9.6 WIND SPEED

70

9.7 CLIMATE

71

9.8 REGULATION

71

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SYNOPSIS

INTRODUCTION



Fishery is an important sector in most of the developed and developing countries of the world from the standpoint of income and employment generation. The experience in these countries indicate that the growth of the fishing sector stimulates the development and employment in related industries which contribute significantly to the total economic growth of the country. Besides providing direct employment, the industry is also an income generator as it supports canneries, processing establishments, gear and equipment manufacturers, boat yards, refrigeration and ice making plants, and transport services in addition to those working in governmental and private fisher based institutions. Fisheries play an important role in augmenting food supply and raising nutritional levels of the population. Besides being an article of protein rich food, fish also yields several bye- products such as fish oil, fish meal, fish manure fish leather, fish glue and isinglass etc.



At present, Japan and Russia are the leading producers of fish in the world. Peru, China and U. S. A are among the first five fishing countries. India is at present holding only the seventh position with the total production of 3.83 million tons. This is due to relatively primitive methods of fishing and large areas remaining unexploited.



Indian fisheries are an important component of the global fisheries and the sector have been recognized as a powerful income and The Quality Life of Fishermen Community – A Micro Level Study employment generator. The contribution of this sector to foreign exchange earnings is substantial and forms 1.4 percent of G.D.P More than 6 million fishermen in the country depend on fisheries for their livelihood.



So, considering all such aspects I have decided to make a proper housing community for their living and therefore I have chosen Coastal Community Development which is to provide low cost housing community for the fishermen with beautiful homes.

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NEED OF THE STUDY 

This fisherman’s work so hard every day and catch all kinds of fish for their living.

Studying their living conditions and habits and their daily works and every inch of their role as a fisherman the house can be designed. The main thing is building them sustainable homes which can withhold in any weather conditions. Generally, these people make small huts and live across the sea or a river which is very dangerous to stay when a cyclone hits so a house is to be provided where it can sustain with cyclones and any other natural disaster.



Indian fisheries are an important component of the global fisheries and the sector has been recognized as a powerful income and employment generator.



The contribution of this sector to foreign exchange earnings is substantial and forms 1.4 percent of G.D.P More than 6 million fishermen in the country depend on fisheries for their livelihood.

AIM To design a housing community for fishermen’s using locally available materials and better standard of living.

STUDY OBJECTIVES 

To identify the problems faced by the fishermen



To study the fishermen’s social activities and behavior to incorporate better standard of living.



To study the role of socio, economic, cultural factors involved.



To study the lifestyle of fisher folk and their occupation.

DESIGN OBJECTIVES 

To design a village for fisherman’s with all spaces.



To design community spaces, which results in common interaction for fishermen.



Designing the house according to the number of people living in a family.



To maximum use of locally available materials to make it an affordable place to live.

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

To study and understand the local surroundings and land use pattern to create a balance in the requirements.



Designing according to CRZ regulations and standards.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 

Going further into the study of a fisherman I can understand his living and can design a house that can be suited according to his livelihood and also can provide different spaces other than just a house in the same community.



More scope in the design in the site level planning.



Since the fishermen live near the costal or river side areas I can only use materials or any construction techniques which are suitable for such weather conditions.

METHODOLOGY 

The basic approach in this study is to adopt a combination between primary and secondary data collections and information pertaining the numerous spatially dispersed participants and institutions in inland fish economy.



Research on the local population and analysis of the needs and requirements of the local region.



Systematic observations based on regular visits and long discussions with the participants.



Related literature studies and case studies of such projects for better understanding of spaces.

LITERATURE STUDY  

Marina Del Rey, Los Angels.

Dunga, Africa.

CASE STUDIES  

Kasimedu, Chennai.

Muttom, Kanyakumari.

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DATA COLLECTION LAND USE CLASSIFICATION AND USES PERMITTED:

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SPATIAL STANDARDS: STANDING MALE AND FEMALE DIMENSIONS

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SPATIAL STANDARDS: ELEMENTS OF PEDESTRIAN AND VECHICULAR LANDSCAPE

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SPATIAL STANDARDS: STANDARDS OF BOATS

COASTAL REGULATION ZONE NORMS IN INDIA: ï‚·

Coastal Stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers and backwaters which are influenced by tidal action (in the landward side) up to 200 meters from the High Tide Line (HTL) and the land between the Low Tide Line (LTL) and the HTL, are classified under the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ).

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PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES 

Setting up new industries and expanding existing ones, except those directly related to the waterfront or directly needing foreshore facilities, and projects of the Department of Atomic Energy.



Setting up and expanding units for the disposal of waste and effluents. Exceptions include storm water drains, and facilities required for discharging treated effluents.



Dumping of city or town waste for the purposes of land filling or otherwise.



Discarding ash or any other waste from thermal power stations.



Mining of sand, rocks, and other substrata materials.



Construction activities in CRZ -I areas, except as specified in Annexure -I of the notification.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRZ AREAS: CATEGORY I (CRZ-I) 

Areas that are ecologically sensitive and important, such as national parks/marine parks, sanctuaries, reserve forests, wildlife habitats, mangroves, corals/coral reefs, areas close to breeding and spawning grounds of fish and other marine life, areas of outstanding natural beauty/historically/heritage areas, areas rich in genetic diversity, areas likely to be inundated due to rise in sea level consequent upon global warming, and such other areas as may be declared by the central government or the concerned authorities at the state/union territory level from time to time.



Areas between the LTL and HTL.

CATEGORY-II (CRZ-II) 

This category includes areas that have already been developed up to or close to the shoreline. For this purpose, the term ‘developed area’ is used for areas within municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas that are already substantially built up and have been provided with drainage, approach roads, and other infrastructural facilities.

CATEGORY-III (CRZ-III) 

Areas that are relatively undisturbed and do not belong to the first two categories.

These will include coastal zones in rural areas (developed and undeveloped), areas [16]

within municipal limits, or in legally designated urban areas that are not substantially built up.

CATEGORY-IV (CRZ-IV) 

Coastal stretches in the Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep and small islands, except those designated as CRZ-I, CRZ-II, or CRZ-III.

NORMS FOR REGULATION OF ACTIVITIES: Development activities in different categories of CRZ areas shall be regulated in accordance with the following norms: CRZ-I - No new construction shall be permitted in CRZ- I areas except (a) projects relating to the Department of Atomic Energy, and (b) pipelines, conveying systems including transmission lines, (c) exploration and extraction of oil and natural gas.

CRZ-II 

Buildings shall be permitted only on the landward side of the existing road or on the landward side of existing authorised structures. These buildings will be subject to the existing local town and country planning regulations including the existing norms of floor space index (FSI)/floor area ratio (FAR).

CRZ-III 

Areas up to 200 meters from the HTL have to be earmarked as a ‘No Development Zone’. The following uses, however, may be permissible in this zone: Agriculture, horticulture, gardens, pastures, parks, play fields, forestry, and salt manufacturing from sea water.



(ii) Vacant plots between 200 and 500 meters of the HTL in designated areas of CRZIII can be developed with prior approval from the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MEF).



(iii) The construction/reconstruction of dwelling units between 200 and 500 meters of the HTL permitted if they are within the ambit of traditional rights and customary uses such as existing fishing villages. Building permissions for such construction/reconstruction will be subject to the conditions that the total number of dwelling units shall not be more than twice the number of existing units, the total covered area on all floors shall not exceed 33 per cent of the plot size, the overall [17]

height of construction shall not exceed 9 meters, and the construction shall not be more than 2 floors (ground plus one). Construction is allowed for permissible activities under the notification including facilities essential for such activities. 

(iv) Reconstruction/alterations of an existing authorized building permitted subject to (i) to (iii) above.

CRZ-IV 

Buildings between 200 and 500 meters from the HTL shall not have more than 2 floors (ground and first floor), the total covered area on all floors shall not be more than 50 per cent of the plot size, and the total height of construction shall not exceed 9 meters.

MAIN ROADS JUNCTIONS

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STREET ROADS

FISH MARKET

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HOUSING STORAGE AREA

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CLEARANCES IN LIVING CUM DINING

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BEDROOM

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KITCHEN

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BATHROOM

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PROTECTION FROM LIGHTING HOUSING

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MULTI PURPOSE HALL TRAPIZOIDAL PLAN

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PARKING

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PARKING LOTS

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LIBRARY

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CASE STUDY KASIMEDU, CHENNAI

ABSTRACT The area is one of the developed fisherman community, where the economy level of the village is developed due to their occupation as fishing.

SELECTION OF THE SITE Since the site is oldest and have the background of urban surrounding. To study about the housing, occupation, commercial zones, utilization of spaces.

EDUCATION Schools are numerous around the village nearly 11 schools. Since the village is based on occupation educational buildings are not there inside the village.

Higher courses are there in the city for a distance of about 5-6km.

DATA ANALYSIS It is primarily a fisherman community area migrated from chepauk village in 1799 during british east india company’s colonial rule. It has a fine blend of people from various ethnic groups as well. Royapuram retains its specialty as the principal suburb of the parsi community of madras. Previously royapuram was a home to many anglo indians. But today their numbers are very low since people migrated to other part of city or to other countries.

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DAMAGES IN TSUNAM The harbour was extensively damaged by the 2004 indian ocean tsunami, especially the 500-m trawler wharf, which can berth nearly 500 mechanised boats. The tsunami resulted in the destruction of about 61 trawlers in the harbour, in addition to party damaging 43 trawlers and causing minor damage to nearly 400 trawlers. The total loss is estimated at about Rs.160-200 million.

SEWAGE MANAGEMENT The sewage system in the city was designed in 1910 for an estimated 1961 population of 6,60,000.

ELECTRIC SUPPLY The main transformer is isolated and placed to avoid all accidents.

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STORAGE The place where the equipment’s like fishing nets, bins, foods, etc.,

EXPORTS Exports zone is located nearer to the ferry terminal because the transportation is reduced for storage and exportation. This zone is highly utilized only during morning time.

BOAT TERMINAL Boat terminal area where all boats are hold on to rest. The platform is provided for the sales of fishes of different varieties at the morning time.

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MUTTOM, KANYAKUMARI

INTRODUCTION In muttom there is an harbour called jeppiar fishing harbour which is an private harbour which is largest among all harbours. In this harbour there is a proper circulation from boatyard to fish export area. There is also an local market which they can park up to 72 large size boats and the numerous numbers of small boats for fishing in this harbour there is one store also, they are supplying fishing nets, fishing products, and they are selling spare parts for boats. The major technical facilities used in this harbour are machine unit, ice plant/cold storage, water treatment plant, auction halls, net drying hall, recreation centre, green cover, stp, etp, breakwater, technology unit etc., These harbours cold storage facility is mainly used for fish in storage area.

FISHING NETWORK In muttom there are two fish network place. These nets are supplying to the nearby local areas around kanyakumari. In these networks these nets are used for small boats only, larger boats are buying nets in harbour store that are imported from goa. These nets are bought by local fisherman’s.

MUTTOM LIGHT HOUSE AND MARITIME MUSEUM [40]

Muttom has a lighthouse due to which its presence is recorded in the international shipping cart. The lighthouse was constructed under by british during colonel time. The lighthouse, through the sea is situated 110 ft (34m) above sea level. The skeleton was built when india was part of the british empire until 1947. The technically more advanced light which was installed on the tower towards the close of 1909. The lighthouse was formally commissioned on January 1, 1910. The light house is stepped in history. Then british government started its construction in 1857 and completed the work in 1882. There is also an maritime museum which shows an history and evolution of heritage light house.

MUTTOM FISHERMAN’S VILLAGE Muttom is a village in the kanyakumari district of the tamilnadu state, India. It is a well-known for beautiful beach with some rocks and caves. The major occupation of people in muttom is fishing. Muttom village is attracted by visitors because of its beautiful beach. More than hundreds of people come to the beach every day and spending their time on the beach shore.

HISTORY According to research, in 1003 AD, King Raja Raja Chola celebrated his birthday here. He conquered muttom and named Mummudi Chola Nalloor as stated in the stone carvings available in the temple. Around the eight century AD an ascetic named veeranandi came from Thirunarunkondai melappalli and stayed here to preach jainism.

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RELIGION More than 99% of the village are christian and they do a variety of jobs.

Majority of the people are fisherman who do fishing related works. Most of the people are educated at least to the school level, As most of the residents are catholics, it has a catholic administration committee which is elected democratically and headed by the priest of the all saints church.

EDUCATION Muttom has a primary school (St. John’s primary school), managed by the catholic parish priest of muttom. There also is a higher secondary school by the name of all saints higher secondary school has long standing records in both sports and academics. There is a B.Ed collage named after Bishop Agneswamy is also established recently and more educational institutions are expected in the comming years. English medium school namely the model english school.

Provides a quality education to the children of muttom as well as neighbouring Villages, Which is really a benefit to the small fishing village.

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LITERATURE STUDY MARINA DEL REY, CALIFORNIA

INTRODUCTION Fisherman’s village is a waterfront mall, Commercial boat anchorage and tourist attraction located in the world’s largest man-made small boat harbour in marina del Rey.

Marina del Rey is an unincorporated seaside community in Los Angeles country, California, United states with a marina that is a major boating and water recreation destination of the greater los Angeles area. The marina is North American’s largest man-made small-craft harbour and is home to Approximately 5,000 boats. The area is a popular tourism destination for water activities such as paddle board and kayak rentals, Dining cruises, and yacht charters.

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MARINA DEL REY PUBLIC PARKING LOTS

There has been an effort to rebuild fisherman’s village with a parking complex, However, Due to the millions of dollars involved in order to add new shops and stores.

The marina itself, one of the largest man-made small boat harbours in the U.S. with nearly 20 marinas and a capacity for over 5,000 boats. Marina del rey sits [44]

at the centre of the 22-mile south bay coastal bicycle trail which stretches from Malibu to Torrance beach.

POINTS OF INTEREST  Ballona wetlands  California yacht club  Fisherman’s village 4Lloyd taber marina del rey library  Pacific mariners yachat club  Ucla marina aquatic center  Parks and Recreation

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BALLONA WETLANDS Next to plays a del rey is the ballona wetlands, A combination of tidal channels, Salt marsh, Coastal dunes, and Freshwater marshes at the Nouth of los angeles river. Today, However, There are two habitats remaining, the ballona lagoor, and the del rey lagoon. Friends of the ballona wetlands.

INFRASTRUCTURE Marina del rey has two main parks. Burton chace park hosts community festivals such as the marina del rey summer concert series and the marina del rey holiday boat parade. Yvonne B. Burke park was renamed from the original admiralty park in 2009 to honor long-time los angels country supervisor yvonne brathwaite burke.

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DUNGA, AFRICA

ABSTRACT Dunga is a rural fishing village located south of the city of Kisumu by Lake Victoria, in kenya. Currently, it developing as an eco-tourism site. Its main qualities are the lake, its wetlands and their rich bio-diversity and recreational atmosphere.

IDENTITY Oldest settlements in kenya and has become an important area for African trade, especially Dunga’s neighbouring city; Kisumu. The name Dunga comes from Luo and means “Dunga is known for its abundant wetlands.

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HISTORY The hunter-gatherers were the first people to inhabit Kenya, but about 800 AC the Arabs that later came to create the Swahili culture came to Kenya. In 1498 Vasco Da Gama sailed to Kenya,and the Portuguese controlled the country for two centuries. In the year 1885, the European governments split Africa amongst them, and Kenya became governed by the British. The Africans resented the treatment and wanted to fight for their rights and there-fore established the East African Association. A state of emergency was af-firmed in 1952 and 1963 Kenya became independent, x and Jomo Kenyatta became the first president in 1964.

ECONOMY INDUSTRIES: Fishing and small-scale agriculture PRODUCTION: Maize, beans and sweet potatoes.

TOURISM.

CLIMATE Close to the equator - HOT AND HUMID CLIMATE. Rain seasons - march-may & august - September.

Very high humidity around 80-90% Annual temperature 23C.

ROADS & PARKING Red dusty soil and is quite bumpy no “real� public transport, even if the matatu is a kind of bus that works as public transport, but is privately owned, and does currently not stop in Dunga.

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INFRASTRUCTURE

RAIN GARDEN PRINCIPLE The rain garden takes care of rainfall and storm water runoff. It works in the same way as the bios wale but on a bigger scale. Two types of rainwater gardens are placed in Dunga. One rain garden is placed close to roads and areas that don’t previously have many green plants that can absorb the rainwater. The amphitheater rain garden is placed by the wetland park. The amphitheater can be used as an outdoor classroom, a theatre or just a place to sit down and have your lunch in the shadow.

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SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN AND SECTION

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SPECIAL STUDY ARANYA LOW COST HOUSING – INDOOR Location: Indoor, MP Architect: B.V. Doshi Project size: 85 hectares No of dwelling: 6500 Projected population: 65,000

HISTORY In 1980’s 51,000 families were homeless/ illegal settlements Indoor development authority initiated a project to solve the problem Previous schemes included ready built houses that took a lot of time and not affordable by the low income group Hence, Planning done for an affordable scheme for all classes of the society, focusing on a sense of family and neighbourhood while striving to encourage adaptation and personalization according to individual’s needs and resources Classic architectural approach to large scale low cost dwellings.

[51]

PLANNING

Included models for future dwelling  Planning at township level Needs a focus and a well ordered hierarchy of all amenities in a balanced and cohesive environment.  Planning at sector level Intertwined sectors have designed to get as viable, almost autonomous, sub communities.  Planning at street/cluster level To have space for group activities.  Planning of the EWS Dwelling Planning of the individual dwelling and the master plan happened simultaneously. Also, allow to expand their house in the future.

[52]

 Planning of the services core to not have a rigid and conventional plan.

[53]

DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING

1. Auditorium 2. Bank 3. Bus stop 4. Community service centre 5. Central complex unit 6. Community hall 7. Car parking 8. Electrical substation 9. Folk art mission 10. Fire station 11. Health centre 12. Library 13. Open air theatre 14. Play ground 15. Petrol pump 16. Primary school 17. Police station [54]

18. Post and telegraph office 19. Restaurant 20. Religious institution 21. Sports club 22. Secondary school 23. Swimming pool 24. Water tank and children’s park

The site plan integrates a variety of income group. The poorest group are located in the middle of each sector; higher income plots are along the periphery and the central spine of the settlement. A hierarchy of payment schemes reflects the income levels of the various groups and makes available a variety of site and service options that can accommodate the financial resources of such a mixed community.

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HOUSING PROTOTYPES

 The houses basically consists of a verandah, 2 rooms, kitchen and the main service core-toilet and bathroom.  The types only differ by the number of floors and the types of stairs.  A group of 10 houses comprised of cluster that opened into the street.  The courtyard at the back opened into the open space of the cluster and was used as a play area and service area, trees and multi-use platforms were added further.

DRINAGE FOR CLUSTER

[56]

 A conventional sewage system was developed for the township, the natural slope of the site in north - west direction.  A cluster of 9 - 10 houses were connected to 1 inspection chamber and 18 - 20 to one septic tank.  A well and a lift station were provided near the final manhole that discharges the waste water into the treatment plant.  A oxidation on the North West corner of the site where the natural slope helped in collecting the sewage and was suitable for the pre-dominant south west wind direction to avoid odour pollution.  The system adopted for storm water drainage was a combination of an underground storm water drainage on internal roads where ground slopes were effectively used.

The demonstration houses, designed by B.V. Doshi, illustrate the array of available options, from one-room shelters to more spacious houses, and emphasis a sense of family and neighborhood while striving to encourage adaptation and personalization according to individual needs and resources.

For most of the income groups, only a house plot was sold. The lower-income groups were provided with various options, including a site and plinth, a service core and one room, depending on how much they could offer. Owners were free to use any material and decoration; brick, stone and cement are locally available.

[57]

BELAPHUR INCREMENTAL HOUSING The belaphur incremental housing is located in sector 8, belaphur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra.

This was envisioned to cater all types of income groups.

A proposal for mass affordable housing in Navi Mumbai, which demonstrated how high densities could be achieved with low-rise.

ACCESSIBILITY 2 km from belaphur railway station.

32 km from eastern freeway.

40 km from airport.

SERVICES Water is supplied by the NMMC from morbe dam.

Electricity supplied by the MSEB.

MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION Brick wall, Roof-wooden shingles Outdoor stone paving’s Simple floor plans and building methods

[58]

USERS It was originally built for artists. But very few still reside. Now there’s mixed occupancy.

Incremental housing is an affordable way to rapidly resettle many families with minimum housing and services level by linking the energy of families with the large-scale city planning. It provides maximum flexibility in housing decisions.

City expansion becomes predictable and effectively uses limited funds and administrative capacity.

Site area – 5.4 hectares Density – 100 per hectare Completed – 1986 Population – 550 families

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PRINCIPLES      

Incrementatility Pluralism Equity Identity Income generation Open to sky space

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Type A

Type B

Type C

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Type D

Type E

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WATER SUPPLY There is no UGT for the project.

Each buildings has its own overhead tank either syntax or R.C.C Separate UGT for some bungalows.

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DRAINAGE  Strom water is drained into the main rivulet (nallah).  No separate STP.  Filled with water during monsoon or else dry nest of the year.     

Waste water is directly drained into municipal sewer.

Character of the village is lost due to urbanization.

Lots of green spaces creating a quiet and cool environment.

Intangible aspect of a village was taken care of very precisely.

Whereas the tangible aspect of a village was lost.

DESIGN ACHIEVEMENTS  The feel of the space still intact.  Ample amount of open and green spaces provided.  The complex allowed people to modify their houses freely, whether with a paintbrush or mortar – something that is never allowed in the type of mass housing.  Clusters helps build a local community feeling.  Allowed embanked interactions which was the essence of a village.  The green spaces and playgrounds are maintained by the NMMC.

SHORT COMINGS  Most of the houses have been remodeled or destroyed and rebuild as some inhabitants said they were very impractical.  (E.g. Toilets outside the house).  The concrete houses arose as a result of the changing aspirations of the residents.

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 They no longer wanted a ‘village’ or a rural backdrop. Modern materials and technologies have thus been employed to a great extent.  Proper spaces were not provided which is one of the major reasons why the artisans sold their houses.  Also, 20 years ago the transport facilities were not fully developed which was another reason.  Due to lack of commercial spaces, the houses facing the streets transformed into shops, which were illegal.  No proper provisions were made for parking, which resulted in encroachment of open spaces due to parking.

SITE ANALYSIS

SITE LOCATION: SAMANTHANPETTAI (NAGAPATTINAM) LIES IN THE BAY OF BENGAL ON EAST AND NEAR DISTRICT COLLECTOR OFFICE.

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SITE BOUNDRY:

SITE AREA – 14.19 ACRE TOPOGRAPHY:

CHOOSEN SITE IS 11M ABOVE SEA LEVEL SITE HAS A NATURE SLOPE TOWARDS NORTH EAST DIRECTIO [68]

SUN PATH: HOUSING UNITS SHOULD BE PLACED IN EW AXIS TO ALLOW MORE NATURAL LIGHT AND TO GAIN ADEQUATE HEAT GAIN DURING WINTER DAYS

EDGE ANALYSIS: THE CHOOSEN SITE HAS NATURAL EDGE ON EAST SIDE. BAY OF BENGAL COVERS THE EAST IN THE NATURAL LIMIT OF THE SAMANTHANPETTAI VILLAGE. COMPARITIVELY BUSY ROAD ON NAGAI IS CHENNAI - NAGAPATTINAM HIGHWAY 350M AWAY FROM CHOOSEN SITE. [69]

WIND SPEED:

WIND DIRECTION IS ALONG SOUTHEAST TO NORTHWESTDIRECTION. BUILDINGS SHOULD BE ORIENTED IN SUCH A WAY TO ALLOW WIND.

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CLIMATE:

Nagapattinam is 5 m above sea level. The town receives an annual rainfall of 350 mm (14 in). Nagapattinam has a tropical climate during the summer months of March to May. The proximity to the sea results in a high humidity throughout the year, which reaches 70% during August to May.

REGULATIONS: SITE COMES OUT OF CRZ ZONE. SITE AREA - 14.19 ACRES. FSI - 0.8 (RESIDENCE).

HEIGHT - 9M (HEIGHEST RIDGE) SET BACK - 1.5M 50% PLOT COVERAGE SOIL TYPE: RED LOAMY SOIL.

CHILDRENS PLAY AREA

GOVERNMENT SCHOOL [71]

RESIDENCE AREA

SAMANTHANPETTAI ARCH

KAMACHI AMMAN TEMPLE

NAGAPATTINAM BEACH

COLLECTOR OFFICE

SWIMMING POOL (COLLECTOR OFFICE)

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THANK YOU

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