Architecture Portfolio | 2023 – 2025

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PORTFOLIO SELECTED WORK 2018 - 2025 BY

SUBHADEEP SARKAR

C O Airport Terminal as a cultural gateway in Ahmedabad.

New age EXPO Center in Delhi.

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01 Futuristic Pavilion for EXPO 2020, Dubai.

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5'-3"

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The Cosmos House in AlUla.

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Why is there a need for a new integrated terminal building in Ahmedabad?

Undergraduate Architecture Design Thesis 2023 | X Semester Typology: Large Span | Infrastructure Buildings Location: Ahmedabad, Gujrat, India Faculty: Ar. Sushil Agarwal, Ar. Anamika Bagchi Individual Academic Work : Top 6 Architecture Design Thesis in the School of Planning and Architecture , New Delhi

Ahmedabad Airport was established in 1937. It began international operations on 26 January 1991 and was officially designated as an international airport on 23 May 2000. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport (SVPIA) has two active passenger terminals: • •

Domestic Terminal (T1) International Terminal (T2).

The decommissioned old domestic terminal (T3), located north of T1, is used for Haj and cargo operations. Both T1 and T2 have adjacent aprons accommodating narrow-body and wide-body aircraft. In FY 2019, SVPIA handled over 11 million passengers per annum (MPPA). With India’s growing aviation sector, the airport is projected to handle 40.33 MPPA by FY 2047, including 36.68 MPPA domestic and 7.65 MPPA international passengers. Due to rising demand, the current facilities are now insufficient.

To address this, a complete redevelopment is planned by the city to expand capacity, modernize infrastructure, and enhance operations for future needs.

EXISTING CONTEXT STUDY OF SVPIA

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The Airport (SVPIA) is located 11 km northeast of the city centre of Ahmedabad, and about 18 Km southeast of Gandhinagar, at 23˚ 04 '16.3 " N latitude and 72° 37’ 35.1” E longitude. It is located at an elevation of 57.6 m above the Mean Sea Level.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport (SVPIA) is wellconnected to Ahmedabad and surrounding regions through a network of major roads and highways. The primary route to the airport is via Airport Road, which links directly to Ashram Road, one of the city's key arterial roads. Additionally, the Sardar Patel Ring Road encircles Ahmedabad, facilitating easy access to the airport from different parts of the city. The 8-lane SarkhejGandhinagar (SG) Highway further enhances connectivity by linking the airport to business hubs like Gandhinagar and major commercial zones within Ahmedabad.

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INCOMING OUTGOING

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N BCAS Office Ahmedabad Region

N Terminal 2 Power House

AAI Community Hall

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4 Lanes for Airport Assist Buildings and Cargo

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4 Lanes for the International Terminal

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3 Lanes for the Domestic Terminal

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Utility and Support Functions

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LEGEND 1 International Terminal T1 2 Domestic Terminal T2 3 Air Cargo Complex 4 Aviation Offices Incoming Lane Outgoing Lane Landside Boundary

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6 Departure Passenger Lane 6 Elevated Departure Lane 2 Arrival Lane 4 Exit Lane

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Fig 1.01-02-03: Diagrams Illustrating the location of the existing Airport site.

Fig 1.04: Diagram illustrating the entire airport site with respect to its immediate context Fig 1.05: Diagram illustrating the network of roads that connects the city to the airport Fig 1.06: Diagram illustrating Existing Road Network Alongside Existing Curbside Developments Fig 1.07: Designed Incoming Airport Road Network Alongside Proposed Curbside Developments Fig 1.08: Existing Road Network within the airport complex connecting to the outer network of the city Fig 1.09: Diagram illustrating the proposed terminal footprint overlayed on the existing terminal building

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The New Proposal?

The proposal for a New Integrated Terminal Building offers an opportunity to redefine airports as both transit hubs and cultural gateways. Currently, airports miss the chance to connect with local communities. Ahmedabad, known for its rich culture, vibrant festivals like Navratri and the kite festival, and diverse cuisine, provides a unique backdrop for such an integration.

and economic growth. This initiative has the potential to transform t way airports are perceived, making them an integral part of the city’s identity.

This thesis strives to explore the potential to transform the way airports are perceived, making them an integral part of the city’s identity. This proposal envisions Ahmedabad’s new airport terminal as a cultural gateway, seamlessly blending heritage with world-class infrastructure. By integrating local festivals, art, and cuisine, the airport will offer travelers an immersive experience while meeting global aviation standards.

The new terminal could capture the city’s spirit by creating a miniature cultural hub under one roof. This would allow the airport to serve as the cultural ambassador of Ahmedabad, offering travelers an engaging cultural experience from arrival to departure.

Traditionally, airports have lacked distinctive regional identities, but integrating local art, traditions, and commerce can enhance the travel experience and make a lasting impression. Incorporating Ahmedabad’s cultural essence into the terminal design not only enriches passenger experiences but also promotes regional heritage XX

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This reimagined terminal will enhance connectivity, efficiency, and passenger experience, positioning Ahmedabad as a model for culturally enriched, modern airport design.to Ahmedabad’s cultural and economic landscape.

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SITE PLAN

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Fig 1.10: Detailed illustration highlighting the zoning of the entire proposed master plan of the airport complex along with other assets and the new Cargo Complex

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How does passenger movement inside the terminal building shape the creation of spaces?

Airports are dynamic, high-traffic transit hubs that demand efficient crowd management and strategic space planning.

Ensuring seamless passenger flow requires optimizing security checkpoints, providing ample queuing areas, and designing comfortable waiting spaces for early arrivals or delayed travelers. Additionally, airports leverage captive audiences by offering premium shopping and dining experiences.

This section highlights the approach taken to develop the area program and understanding how passenger movement informs terminal space programming, striking a balance between operational efficiency and a smooth travel experience.

The figure on the right illustrates the IATArecommended LOS standards from the Airport Development Research Manual (ADRM, 2019). It outlines the optimal time passengers should spend at processing facilities during departure and arrival, as well as the space required per passenger, whether standing or seated. These benchmarks serve as the foundation for structuring the airport’s area program, designed to accommodate an annual passenger volume of 40 million. The table highlights how areas were calculated considering all the above-mentioned factors. Key areas such as departure and arrival curbsides are among the most stressful zones in an airport. In a city like Ahmedabad, where large gatherings for pick-ups and drop-offs are common, effective curbside management is essential.

Adequate curb length prevents congestion, ensuring smooth traffic flow and hassle-free luggage handling. The table on the details out how we arrived at the area distribution for the mentioned checkpoints in the terminal building requirements based on Level of Service (LOS) guidelines for those checkpoints.

Fig 1.11: IATA-recommended LOS standards

KEY

SPREAD 06

Design Methodology.

The New Integrated Terminal Building (NITB) is designed to accommodate 40.33 MPPA with a built-up area of approximately 40 Ha (98.84 acres). The terminal building itself would be designed on an area of 129625 sq.m. with a built up area of 400000 sq.m. It is proposed to feature a multi-level layout, including a departure level at 13.0 meter, an arrival mezzanine at 5.5 meter, and an arrival level at 0.0 meter, seamlessly connected to an elevated departure roadway and ground-level arrival roads. A multi-modal transport hub (MMTH) will integrate metro connectivity, multi-level car parking (MLCP), city-side check-in, self-bag drop (SBD), and an airport plaza for early arrivals, along with staff and stakeholder facilities, setting new standards for passenger experience.

Iteration 01 highlights the volumetric space occup as a central facility, and the concourse section with r apron. As seen, the concourse section maximizes th the landside curb length is inadequate to handle to demand. Also concourse spanning long lengths from creates monotonous corridors which doesnt enhanc movement and also result in longer walking distanc and fro boarding gates

The headhouse serves as the initial checkpoint for departing passengers arriving from the city, encompassing essential functions like check-in counters, domestic security, and passport control. The concourse functions as a waiting area for departing passengers and the first checkpoint for arriving passengers transitioning from airside to landside. Prioritizing this intersection ensures seamless passenger flow, security efficiency, and overall operational effectiveness.

An iterative design process involving sketching and model-making enables continuous refinement of layouts, identification of inefficiencies, and functional testing, ensuring an optimized terminal design. The schematic diagram above illustrates the essential road network required to seamlessly connect the terminal to the city. A clear understanding of this network, along with key planning factors such as passenger demand, operational efficiency, security checkpoints, spatial requirement and passenger experience, forms the foundation for the initial terminal layout as discussed in the next spread.

Fig 1.12: 1:2000 Scaled Physical model sh

Iteration 02 explores a curved curbside design to better accommodate passenger forecasts while incorporating dedicated departure lanes for different vehicle types. It also evaluates centralized vs. decentralized headroom layouts, where centralized check-in leads to inefficiencies, while decentralized layouts improve passenger segregation and processing efficiency. Additionally, splitting the concourse within a walkable distance and individually connecting it to the central facility enhances accessibility and reduces travel time to boarding gates.

howing the North Elevation of the Terminal Building

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pied by the headroom, respect to the terminal he airside frontage, but forecasted passenger m central facility ce the passenger ces for passengers to

Iteration 03 refines the landside roadway network, ensuring proper turning radii, efficient drop-off lanes, and designated waiting areas for all vehicle types. It also integrates exit roads for arriving passengers and parking for waiting passengers. Inside the headroom, radially aligned security checkpoints streamline passenger flow, while strategic bottlenecks manage different departing passenger types. Additionally, commercial and functional spaces are thoughtfully placed to enhance efficiency and overall terminal experience.

Cultural Resonance in the new terminal design.

Ahmedabad, a city steeped in history, cultural diversity, and architectural splendor, has always embraced its heritage while forging ahead into the future. The vision behind this integrated terminal was to embody the soul of Ahmedabad within its very structure—transforming the airport into not just a transit hub but a cultural gateway. The goal was to design a space that seamlessly blends functionality with a deep sense of pride and belonging.

The design journey began with an in-depth exploration of Ahmedabad’s cultural essence, from its awe-inspiring step-wells and intricate textile traditions to its bustling markets and iconic architectural landmarks. Every aspect of the airport was meticulously crafted to reflect and celebrate the city's rich legacy. Upon entering the terminal, passengers are welcomed by a grand hallway lined with stately pillars that guide their way—an architectural centerpiece that reinterprets the grandeur of Mughal influences.

As they move further inside, they experience the mesmerizing interplay of light and shadow cascading through the roof, a tribute to Ahmedabad’s exquisite Jali work. These delicate perforations filter natural light in a way that evokes the serene ambiance of the city’s historic temples.

The airport’s spatial planning also draws inspiration from the city's dynamic street life. Departure lounges and waiting areas are envisioned as interconnected bazaars, infused with vibrant colors, traditional motifs, and lively market-inspired spaces that invite interaction and exploration.

After passing through security, passengers ascend toward the departure halls, where a breathtaking atrium serves as the heart of the terminal. This space, reminiscent of Ahmedabad’s traditional courtyards, features open-air expenses, lush greenery, and tranquil water elements. It becomes a gathering place—fostering connection and a sense of community among travelers.

Fig 1.13: Visualization of the Atrium that connects to the Departure Holdrooms post checking in.

SCALE 1:1000

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Fig 1.21: Spatial Zoning For Checkpoints On Level 3

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Fig 1.17:Structural Grid Followed in the Terminal Building

Fig 1.18: Broad area zoning for departure holdroom

Fig 1.23: 1:500 scaled model showcasing the spaces in the departure corridor

EVEL 3 - DEPARTURE LEVEL

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ACE Aero Culture & Expo Hub

02 What necessitates a modern expo center in Delhi, and how will it impact the city?

The development of a modern expo and convention center in Delhi arises from a critical gap in the city's infrastructural capacity to support its expanding role on the global stage. As India’s capital and a key hub of political, economic, and cultural activity, Delhi is increasingly hosting high-profile events—ranging from international summits and diplomatic dialogues to largescale trade fairs. However, existing venues such as Pragati Maidan have proven inadequate in accommodating the evolving logistical and experiential demands of such gatherings. This project emerges as a response to that necessity: a spatial intervention that repositions Delhi as a city equipped for global engagement.

The proposed center capitalizes on Delhi’s strategic advantages, including its extensive metro, road, and air connectivity, as well as its symbolic identity as the gateway to India. Beyond programmatic requirements, the architectural intent is to create a civic landmark that reimagines the typology of the convention center—moving away from a purely utilitarian model toward one that is integrated with the city’s public life, culture, and ecological concerns.

In designing this project, I drew upon Delhi’s unique advantages: its strategic location, extensive metro and road connectivity, and its position as a gateway to India. But I didn’t want to create just another mega-structure. My goal was to design an iconic, multi-layered space that redefines how convention centers operate—integrating traditional Indian motifs with contemporary architecture, and balancing scale with sensitivity.

Undergraduate Architecture Design | VII Semester Typology: Large Span | Convention Buildings Location: New Delhi, India Faculty: Ar. Monish Siripurapu , Ar. Karthik Dondeti Individual Academic Work

Major Site study Title| |Visual Heading - Urban Adjuncts |Visual Heading -study Urban Major Site Title|Adjuncts |Visual Heading - Urban Adjuncts Fig 2.01: Illustration mapping the existing context around the proposed site and highlighting its proximity to the Delhi Airport

Main Site Axis NH- 48

Internal Axis and Pathways

Public Congregation Spaces

The 48 Road serves as a vital commercial corridor. Its The presence of a large convention center significantly and pedestrian traffic around strategic location near IGI Airport enhances logistics increases both vehicular Main Axis NH48 Main Axis NH48the site. By analyzing the site's internal axis, we can and supply chain efficiency, while the high footfall in Public Greens Internal Axis and Paths optimize traffic flow and ensure efficient access. the area makes it a prime destination for shopping malls, restaurants, and entertainment centers.

Large Span Design Studio, 7th Semester udio, 7thSpan Semester Large Design Studio, 7th Semester School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi | 2021

ecture, New | 2021 School of Delhi Planning and Architecture, New Delhi | 2021

Akash Nogia

Daanish AkashAkram Nogia

Identifying informal gathering spaces on-site revealed key activity patterns. MappingPublic these interactions Congregation Spaces Public Congregation Spaces informs landscape design, creating spaces that foster community engagement and idea exchange.

Jayant Negi Daanish Akram

Akash Nogia

03 Jayant Negi

Daanish Akram

03

Jayant Negi

UNDERPASS TERMINAL BUILT-UP AREA

TRAFFIC CIRCULATION AREA

BUILT-UP AREA

TRAFFIC CIRCULATION

DIRECTING ALL PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC INTO THE BUILT UP FROM ONE AXIS

UNDERPASS AVENUE

Directing all passenger traffice through one axis

Landscaping the site in a manner that restricts the site from outside without a visual barrier

FURTHERMORE, WE LANDSCAPED THE SITE IN A PLAYFUL MANNER THAT RESTRICTS THE SITE FROM OUTSIDER WITHOUT A VISUAL BARRIER

EXHIBIT ZONE

FLOW OF TRAFFIC FORM THAT FLOWS WITH THE TRAFFIC MOVEMENT

Designing volume that rises with approaching traffic and lowers as it passes

Spatially dividing the mass into three parts SPATIALLY DIVIDING THE BUILT MASS INTO THREE PARTS catering to different functions

CULTURAL ZONE COMMUNITY AVENUE BAZAAR

GRAND THEATER

ZONE Community Bazaar Main Event Hall

MAIN EXHIBIT

HALLS Grand Theater

PRIVATE EXHIBIT HALLS

Private Event Hall

03

The Narrative

SITE PLAN

At the heart of the proposal is a belief that architecture must reflect the city it inhabits. This center is an extension of Delhi’s character—ambitious, vibrant, and layered. Designed for versatility, it accommodates everything from international expos to cultural festivals. But beyond function, it offers a civic realm that thrives even between events, with parks, cafés, libraries, and open-air amphitheaters that invite people to linger, interact, and engage.

The theme I chose to anchor the design was "Re-Imagining Conventions", explored through three distinct yet interconnected zones: The Forum Zone: A space for discourse and knowledge-sharing, with flexible classrooms, galleries, and co-working lounges. It represents the intellectual fabric of Delhi.

The Event Zone: A modular, high-tech venue capable of hosting large-scale exhibitions, performances, and summits. Here, I played with scale, acoustics, and adaptive infrastructure to support diverse programs.

The Cultural Zone: A dynamic celebration of Delhi’s spirit— featuring theatres, food streets, craft bazaars, and spaces for traditional and contemporary performances. This zone allowed me to reinterpret vernacular patterns and materials in a modern language.

Fig 2.02: Visualization of the grand avenue with large columns that forms the first experiential space for convention center visitors

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01 General Parking 02 VIP Drop-Off 03 Shuttle Drop-Off 04 General Drop-Off 05 Taxi Drop-Off 06 Bus Drop-Off

07 Theatre Drop-Off 08 Underway Pass 09 Avenue 10 Open Air Theatre 11 Main Lobby 12 EXPO Halls

13 Event Halls 14 Event POD 15 Loading/Unloading Bay 16 Small Showroom 17 Medium Showroom 18 Large Showroom 19 Administration 20 Circulation Core

21 Washroom Core 22 Gallery 23 Theatre Seating 24 Theatre Stage 25 Backstage 26 Changing Room 27 Storage Room 28 Workshop

04. EVENT ZONE

Ground Level

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LEGEND

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01 General Parking 02 VIP Drop-Off 03 Shuttle Drop-Off 04 General Drop-Off 05 Taxi Drop-Off 06 Bus Drop-Off 07 Theatre Drop-Off

08 Underway Pass 09 Avenue 10 Open Air Theatre 11 Main Lobby 12 EXPO Halls 13 Event Halls 14 Event POD

15 Loading/Unloading 16 Small Showroom 17 Medium Showroom 18 Large Showroom 19 Admin 20 Circulation Core 21 Washroom Core

22 Gallery 23 Theatre Seating 24 Theatre Stage 25 Backstage 26 Changing Room 27 Storage Room 28 Workshop

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08 Circulation Core 09 Washroom Core 10 Art & Craft Gallery 11 Theatre Seating 12 Theatre Stage 13 Backstage 14 Changing Room

evel

II Level SECOND LEVEL

LEGEND 15 Storage Room 16 Art Workshop

01 Workshop Hall 02 Conference Hall 03 Lobby 04 Small Showroom 05 Medium Showroom 06 Large Showroom 07 Administration

08 Circulation Core 09 Washroom Core 10 Gallery 11 Theatre Seating 12 Theatre Stage 13 Backstage 14 Changing Room

15 Storage Room 16 Workshop

03 The Cosmos House, AlUla

Cosmos House is a vacation home envisioned for a family of five, located in the village of Dadan in AlUla, in the northwestern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The concept integrates contemporary ideas for future-oriented residential architecture, while drawing inspiration from key architectural elements found in traditional Saudi homes—from ancient to modern times—with a forward-looking vision. Rooted in the rich historical and cultural context of AlUla, the design of Cosmos House references the diverse civilizations that have shaped the region, including the ancient Dedanites and Nabateans, the Islamic Empire, and the Ottoman and Saudi states.

This project was developed as part of an invite-only architectural competition, where I had the opportunity to collaborate with two teammates under the mentorship of Mr. Riyad Joucka.

While the initial concept was developed collaboratively, my individual contributions were concentrated in the post-conceptual design phase. I was solely responsible for producing all architectural drawings—plans, elevations, sections, and detailed diagrams—as well as developing the physical model using advanced 3D printing techniques. The process involved material experimentation and prototyping, aligning closely with the actual construction approach envisioned for the project.

Every illustration, drawing, diagram, and physical model featured in the following spreads was solely produced by me, as part of my role in this project during the mentorship program.

The Cosmos House | Competition Entry | VII Semester Typology: Residential Location: AlUla, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Advisor: Ar. Riyad Joucka Team: Subhadeep Sarkar, Joseph Mathew, Francis My Scope of Work : Diagrammatic Illustraions, CAD Drawings & Detailing, Architectural Visualization, 3D Printing and Fabricating Physical Model. Everything Illustrated in the following spreads was produced by me.

SPREAD 13

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GENERAL NOTES: 1. Do not scale from the drawings.

2. All dimensions are in millimeters unless noted otherwise. All dimensions to be verified on site and approved by the supervisor.

3. This drawing should be read in conjunction with other relevant architectural, structural, mechanical and electrical drawings and all relevant sections of the specifications.

Parking

4. This drawing is for design intent only, not to be used for construction.

Contractor to provide their shop drawings for approval.

5. This drawing is copyright reserved. All works are to follow the printed dimensions which is to be confirmed on site by all relevant contractors. Any discrepancies must be reported immediately to the designer before commencement of work.

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Fig 3.02: Extrusion for Single Floor

Fig 3.03: Zoning of Various Programs

Fig 3.04: Upper Floor Programs

Fig 3.05: Courtyard Void - Central Oasis

Fig 3.06: Wind Catcher for Passive Cooling

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4. This drawing is for design intent only, not to be used for construction.

Contractor to provide their shop drawings for approval.

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uld be read in conjunction with other relevant architectural, al and electrical drawings and all relevant sections of the

pyright reserved. All works are to follow the printed to be confirmed on site by all relevant contractors. Any be reported immediately to the designer before work.

SCALE:

+ 10.80 M

APPROVED BY:

RJ

DRAWING NUMBER:

A3

CLIENT:

CHECKED BY:

A302

RJ

1 : 100

DRAWING NUMBER:

220311_MG_A301

APPROVED BY:

PAPER SIZE: REVISION:

RJ

A3 004

25Ø Stainless Steel Railing

Wall-Embedded Support for Stairs (Wood)

25Ø Stainless Steel Railing

400mm 3D Printed Wall

Upper Basin Component for Courtyard Waterfall Feature

Prefabricated RCC Slab

Airflow Tunnel

Reinforcement Bars

Lower Basin Component for Courtyard Waterfall Feature

Concrete Footing

metres 0

0.5

1

2

5

Fig 3.10: Wind Catcher Detail

Construction Phase I

Prefabricated RCC Slab Prefabricated RCC Slab

Prefabricated RCC Slab Reinforcement Bars

Reinforcement Bars Bars Reinforcement

Reinforcement Bars 12mm Skylight Glass

Reinforcement Bars Bars Reinforcement 12mm 12mm SkylightSkylight Glass Glass

Ground Floor 3D Printing

Upon the curing of the 3D printed walls of the groun scaffolds are set up to prepare for traditional in-situ c of the concrete slab of the first floor. This process is straightforward. However, a special detail is devise connecting the slabs with the floors, to avoid seeing t edge on the exterior of the house. Steel bar reinforcem added to the slabs before levelling, to further reinfor concrete mix.

Prefabricated RCC Slab Prefabricated RCC Slab

Prefabricated RCC Slab Reinforcement Bars

Reinforcement Bars Bars Reinforcement

400mm 3D Printed Wall

400mm400mm 3D Printed Wall Wall 3D Printed

Printed Groove for Wall Support

PrintedPrinted GrooveGroove for Wallfor Support Wall Support

3D Printed Feature Wall

3D Printed FeatureFeature Wall Wall 3D Printed

400mm 3D Printed Wall

400mm400mm 3D Printed Wall Wall 3D Printed

Prefabricated RCC Slab

Prefabricated RCC Slab Prefabricated RCC Slab

Reinforcement Bars

Reinforcement Bars Bars Reinforcement

Concrete Footing

Concrete FootingFooting Concrete

SCALE 1:50

0 0.5 CLIENT: CLIENT:

metresmetres

metres 1

2

Royal Commission for Al-'Ula Royal Commission for Al-'Ula

work FZ LLC

5

DRAWINGCONSULTANT: TITLE: CONSULTANT:

Detail 02 - Wall Section MEAN* MEAN* Middle Middle East Architecture Network FZ LLCFZ LLC East Architecture Network DRAWN BY:

Physical Model Documentation

0

SHEET:

JM

A201

DRAWING NUMBER:

CHECKED BY:

SCALE:

RJ

1 : 50

220310_MG_A201

APPROVED BY:

PAPER SIZE: REVISION:

RJ

A3 001

0.5 0

0.5 1

1

2

5

2

5

Fig 3.11: Base Printer Configuration and Collaborative confi DRAWING TITLE: DRAWING TITLE:

DetailDetail 02 - Wall 02 - Section Wall Section DRAWN BY:DRAWN BY:

CHECKED BY: BY: CHECKED BY: APPROVEDAPPROVED BY:

SHEET:

SCALE:

JM

SHEET:

JM

RJ

SCALE:

RJ

PAPER SIZE: PAPER SIZE:

A201 A201 1 : 50 1 : 50

DRAWING NUMBER: DRAWING NUMBER:

RJ

A3

REVISION: REVISION:

220310_MG_A201 220310_MG_A201

001

R

A

00

nd floor, casting s quite ed for that slab ment is rce the

figuration

Construction Phase II

Construction Phase III

Pouring the Concrete Slab

First Floor 3D Printing

Once the 3D-printed ground floor walls have cured, scaffolding is erected to enable traditional in-situ casting of the first-floor concrete slab. While the process is relatively straightforward, a custom detail is implemented to conceal the slab edge from the exterior. Steel reinforcement bars are integrated into the slab prior to leveling, enhancing structural performance of the concrete mix.

The wall cavity is strategically designed to leverage the geometric freedom of 3D printing, enabling the creation of dynamic exterior textures. In section, the walls fold in alternating directions, forming a variable zigzag pattern. This configuration not only introduces visual interest but also creates cavities for natural palm husk insulation—a low-carbon, sustainable material. Sections within the cavity are allocated for embedded structural columns, reinforced with steel bars.

3D Printed Wall

RCC Column

Reinforcement Bar

Fig 3.12: Two Printing Arms Working in an simultaneous configuration

Palm Husk Infill

Tie

Fig 3.13: Infill Pattern along with reinforcement of the printed walls

04

Experimental Spaces and Structure proposed for Expo 2020 pavillion

The Expo 2020 Landmark proposal seamlessly blends technology, innovation, and sustainability into an iconic structure designed to serve as a welcoming beacon for the event.

Inspired by the story behind the Expo 2020 logo, the installation was conceived as a symbolic representation of sustainability and innovation. Positioned at a Boulevard Roundabout, the design envisioned a spatial forest composed of towering, palm tree-like structures reaching eight meters in height. Visitors could walk through and interact with these sculptural forms, immersing themselves in the experience.A key aspect of the proposal was its construction using 3D-printed concrete.

During the course of my internship, I had the opportunity to work alongside two teammates on this project that immersed me in the world of 3D printing. My role involved transforming the above conceptual architectural idea into a fully 3D-printable design. This required reworking the model for structural feasibility, experimenting with various materials, and testing multiple printing techniques to achieve the most accurate and detailed outcome.

Throughout this process, I documented each stage of development, gaining hands-on experience with both the technical and creative aspects of 3D printing. This internship introduced me to the vast possibilities of digital fabrication and taught me how advanced technologies can be harnessed to push the boundaries of architectural design.

The EXPO 2020 Landmark | Professional Work | VII Semester Typology: Pavillion Location: Dubai, United Arab Emirates Advisor: Ar. Riyad Joucka Team: Subhadeep Sarkar, Joseph Mathew, Francis My Scope of Work : Fabrication, 3D Printing and Assembling Physical Model

type a

type b

type c

type d

01

02

04

03

06

The Boulevard Landmark was originally designed to be 3D printed in concrete, so the scaled model was also created using a similar material. Concrete Infill PLA, a composite of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and cement-based additives, was chosen for its stone-like texture. While aesthetically appealing, this material is costly and presents printing challenges. Figures 01–03 show initial test prints using Standard PLA to anticipate potential issues with Concrete PLA. While members A, B, and C printed successfully, member D (Figure 02) faced delamination due to weak inter-layer bonding, especially in thin-walled structures with slits.

To print the slender, hollow-walled structures with slits, we explored various techniques to improve stability. Due to their thin walls and small surface area, the members often collapsed under their own weight after reaching a certain height. One approach was dual-material printing, using White PLA as a structural support for the core material (Figures 04–05). However, separating the two post-printing proved difficult, frequently causing the core structure to break. We then tested a watersoluble support (Figures 06–07), but the removal process was messy, resulting in poor finish quality. Figures 08–11 further highlight the fragility of Concrete PLA, as the main structure broke in the process of removing the support material.

Printing each member individually was highly timeconsuming and significantly increased the risk of failure.

To overcome this, we adopted a circular concentric printing pattern, allowing similar members to be printed together and easily assembled into the final design. This radial approach provided a stronger base, ensuring the slender members could be printed upright with greater stability.

08

07

05

12

13

14

15

16

17

10

11

09

To overcome the printing challenges, we reworked the design to optimize it for 3D printing. This involved remodeling each member with a stronger core while ensuring the slits remained large enough for illumination.

Figures 12–13-14-15-16-17 show various iterations of internal core configurations that were designed and tested (Figure 18). The most effective solution featured a stable internal core with four enlarged slits, balancing structural integrity and light diffusion (Figure 19). The ‘+’ - shaped internal section provided stability to the initial layers, preventing collapse. The final assembled model is shown below.

18

19

A

FLOOR

B

C

7'-1 1/2"

PLAN

7'-1 1/2"

x006

7'-1 1/2"

x007

7

x008

0" 2'-7 1/2"

5'-7 1/2"

4'-6"

2'-7 1/2"

4'-6"

4'-6"

9"

4

5'-7 1/2"

4'-6"

27'-4 1/2"

3

13'-6"

14'-7 1/2"

19'-1 1/2"

4'

3'

B

34'-6" 1'-1 1/2"

6'-0"

1'-1 1/2"

2'-1 1/2"

6'-0"

1'-1 1/2"

002

6'-9"

x003

1'-1 1/2" 1'-0"

1'-6"

x002

6'-0"

x004

6'-0"

7'-1 1/2"

4

S

4'-0"

3'-9"

1'-0" x005

6'-9"

5'-7 1/2"

3

8'-1 1

4'-0"

4 1/2"

4'-0"

A

x001

7"

1'-

4'-0"

26'-0"

135°

1'-6 1/2"

10

UP

8'-0"

4'-0"

7'-6"

2"

1/

3'-1 1/2"

5

6'-

3'-8"

1'-6 1/2"

8'-0"

4'-0"

x022

10'-3"

tos:+1'0''

4'-0"

5'-7 1/2"

17'-11"

3'-1 1/2"

001

6

135°

This hands-on involvement greatly enhanced my understanding of on-site detailing, construction methodologies, project management, and the critical importance of communication between design and execution teams. The contrast between this and my earlier, more digitally oriented internship helped me appreciate the diverse skills required in architectural practice.

7'-1 1/2"

E

1

2

tos:+2'6''

to

7 4'-7"

During my internship in Delhi, I worked on a residential project called the Mant Weekend Home, located on the outskirts of Mathura, Uttar Pradesh.

Unlike my previous internship, which focused primarily on digital and virtual modeling, this experience was deliberately chosen to deepen my understanding of real-world construction processes.

Throughout the entire internship, I was dedicated to this single project, taking on responsibilities such as drafting construction-approved drawings and developing detailed technical drawings. I also had the opportunity to visit the site regularly and coordinate execution under the close guidance of my principal architect.

D

tos:+0'0''

SCALE 1:100

7'-10 1/2"

Mant House Construction Drawings

D

05

GROUND

16'-11"

ground floor room room no. entrance foyer 001 living / dining 002 washer/ dryer 003 bathroom 004 bedroom 005 bedroom 006 dresser & bathroom 007 dresser & bathroom 008 bedroom 009

l x w(imperial) 20'3'' X 19'2.5'' 34'6'' X 19'1.5'' 13'1.5'' x 5'3'' 13'1.5'' x 6'0'' 13'1.5'' X 19'10.5'' 13'1.5'' X 20'3'' 6'0'' X 13'9.5'' 6'0'' X 13'9.5'' 13'1.5'' X 20'3''

area (sq ft) 503.8 686 69.7 81.6 217.6 224.9 85.5 85.5 224.9

ground floor plan 1:100

ELEVATION EAST

a1. no

SCALE 1:100

The Mant House | Professional Work | VIII Semeter Typology: Residential Location: Mant, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India Advisor: Ar. Sourabh Jain, Ar. Harshvardhan Jain My Scope of Work : • Drafting Construction Drawings • On - Detailing • On-Site Coordination elevation east 1:100

rth

on A

G

99'-9" H

I

J

K

L

N

C

W F

M

N

O

no

rth

7'-1 1/2"

7'-1 1/2"

R4

2'-7 1/2"

9"

"

9"

1/2" R7'-1 1/2"

°

6'-4"

3'-0"

R9'-11

139

'R9

90°

R3'-0"

3'-0"

1 11

tos:-1'6''

003

1/

/2

6'-3"

R8 '-4

/2"

10'-6 1/2"

129° 2"

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1/2 "

'4.

5 R8 '' '-4 1

3'-4 1/2"

9"

4'-6"

003

4'-6"

R7 3'-1 1/2"

R3

7'-1 1/2"

tos:+0'0''

"

° 125

9"

6'-0"

3'-6"

"

'-0

R4'-0"

x009

7'-1 1/2"

'-4

R3

56°

7'-1 1/2"

9.5''

R3

'-4

"

82°

7'-1 1/2"

2'-8 1/2"

7'-1 1/2"

" '-0 R33'-11"

52°

3'-2"

7'-1 1/2"

DN 1'1.5''

7'-1 1/2"

1'-0"1'-0"1'-0"1'-0"1'-0"

7'-1 1/2"

1'-0"1'-0"1'-0"1'-0"1'-0"1'-0"1'-0"1'-0"1'-0"1'-0"1'-0"1'-0"1'-0" 3'-1 1/2"

UPUP

3'-4 1/2"

13'-1 1/2" 004

x011

6'-0"

dw001

3'-1 1/2"

10'-0"

11'-3 1/2"

.1

A3

6'-0"

19'-10 1/2"

14'-3"

13'-1 1/2" 7'-6"

7'-6"

2'-3"

x012

x014

x013

6'-0" x016

1'-7 1/2"

6'-0"

6'-0"

3'-9"

6'-0"

x023

1'-0"

1'-10 1/2"

x017

4'-0"

x018

N

2'-3" 3'-9"

6'-9"

6'-0"

1'-10 1/2"

1'-0"

1'-1 1/2"

1'-10 1/2"

1'-1 1/2"

20'-3"

11'-6" 1'-0"

6'-0"

6'-4 1/2"

4'-0"

x024

x020

1'-10 1/2"

3'-9"

4 1/2" 3'-9" 1'-0"

13'-1 1/2"

7'-1 1/2"

6'-9"

3'-9"

14'-3"

1'-1 1/2"

2'-6"

1'-1 1/2" x019

005

4'-10 1/2" 006

7'-11" 1'-0"

4'-0"

8'-4 1/2"

9"

9"

1'10.5''

os:+0'0''

6'-0"

1'-0"

1'-9"

7'-1 1/2"

1'-9"

2 6'-0"

x021

6'-0"

1'-1 1/2"

1'-9"

1'-0"

5'-7 1/2"

3'-9"

8'-9" 8'-9" 11'-6" 7'-11"

13'-6" 20'-3"

2'-3"

9"

4'-3"

7'-1 1/2"

4'-0" 6'-0"

007

2'-6" 6'-0"

13'-1 1/2"

6'-9"

8'-8 1/2"

13'-1 1/2"

SCALE 1:125 6'-0"

11'-5 1/2"

12'-0"

14'-3"

007 008

1'-9"

1'-0"

6'-0"

008 009

006

2'-0" 6'-0"

5'-6"

1'-0"

5'-6"

7'-1 1/2"

18'-0"

001

2'-0"

4'-0" 1' 6'-0"

2'-0"

009

1'-0"

2'-6"

40'-6"

1'-6"

1'-6" 9"

1'-6"

010

2'-3"

005

tos:+2'6''

4 1/2" 3'-9"

6'-0"

6'-0"

1'-1 1/2"

004

1'-10 1/2"

1

x025

3'-9"

3'-9" 4 1/2"

6'-0" 20'-3"

6'-0"

14'-7 1/2"

1/2"

3'-9"

41'-7 1/2"

3'-9"

13'-6"

002

1'-0"

16'-4"

x010

tos:+2'0''

tos:+0'0''

x015

2' 71'-3"

102'-9"

E

1 30'-8'' staircase parapet

construction document

21 July, 2022

mant weekend home Mathura, Uttar Pradesh

Floor plan

STUDIO JUGGERNAUT スタジオ・ジャガーナント

Delhi Office: C 7/125,Safdarjung Development Area,Delhi, India, 110016 Tokyo Office: 2-9-12-803 Minami Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, Japan, 171-0022

25'-6'' tower parapet

Contact +91-11-46010192 +91-11-41014659 +20'-0'' roof

+14'-3 1/2'' bottom of roof

brick jaali

pleated glazing

+2'-6'' plinth

+0'-0'' ground

1

ion A

SECTION B | SCALE 1:100 O

N

M

7'-1 1/2"

L

7'-1 1/2"

K

7'-1 1/2"

J

7'-1 1/2"

I

H

7'-1 1/2"

7'-1 1/2"

G

F

7'-1 1/2"

7'-1 1/2"

E

6'-3"

14'-3"

10'-6"

9"

3'-9"

1'-0"

x029

x028

x027

x026

5'-0"

006

009

6'-0"

011

7'-0"

5'-0"

2'-6''

7'-6"

004

1'-6"

7'-0"

x030

1'-6"

4'-5 1/2"

x031

4'-5 1/2"

1'-6"

4'-5 1/2"

1'-6"

4'-5 1/2"

1'-6"

7'-6"

10'-0"

004

1'-6"

4'-5 1/2"

6'-0"

3'-0"

A

SECTION B | SCALE 1:100 A

B

C

1'-1 3"

Roofing

a2.1

construction document

A

north

on A3

mant week

Detail & 5'-3"

ion B

Ma

On-Site

21 July, 2022 +20'0" roof

brick tile cladding as per spec. pcc

Sectio

Mock Up

10 1/2"

brick corbelling 3'' stagger ∠18 as per

coursing drawing

A A

gutter as per design facing brick stone block min 3'' thick

1'-5"

+14'3.5'' soffit

1'-1 1/2"

7'-1 1/2"

roof mock up pl

arch in elevation

1:50

+11'0'

3'-8" 3'-0"

arch level

+9'6'' lintel lvl

A

001

7'-0"

10'-8"

A

5'-3" 5'-3"

7'-1 1/2"

A

002

x002

9"

stone plinth tie band 3''

+2'6''

13'-1 1/2"

PCC 3'' with polyfiber (1.2 kg/m3) laid over yamuna sand 3'' brick flat

1/

2"

roof mock up pl 1:50 roof mock up pl 7

rammed earth

0"

4'-

+0'' ground

1'-

2"

2'-6"

t.o. slab

3" 1'-2 21'' 3"

1:50 8'' X 10'' rcc band 2-#12 top; 2-#12 bottom 8-2L @8''c/c 6" thick pcc (1:3:6) with polyfiber (1.25 kg/cum)

section A 1:50

1

A A

roof mock up se 1:50

(1.25 kg/cum) rammed earth

1 D

7'-1 1/2"

C

7'-1 1/2"

B

7'-1 1/2"

A

7'-1 1/2"

brick tile cladding as per spec. pcc 20'-0" roof

4'-4 1/2"

brick corbelling 3'' stagger ∠45 as per coursing drawing gutter as per design

2"

stone block min 3'' thick +14'-3 1/2'' soffit

1'-121'' 3" 3"

+11'-0''

1'-121'' 1 3" 2'' 3" 1'-7

1'-7 21''

002

002

1'-7 21''

3'-0"

3'-0" 3'-0"

3'-0"

3'-0"

arch lvl

15'-4 1/2"

1'-121'' 3" 3"

5'-0"

x004

arch in elevation terrazzo flooring 2'' from t.o.s.

PCC 3'' with polyfiber (1.2 kg/m3) 3'' brick flat 3'' thick stone

+2'-6'' t.o. slab

121'' 3"

3'-0"

1'-7 21''

6'-0"

detail A

1 3 Brick length 1 3 Brick Width

1 3 Brick length 1 3 Brick Width

detail detailAB

45°

Stone Course Stone Course Stone Course

6'-0"

detail A

45°

1'-121'' thick brick wall 1'-121'' thick brick wall1'-121'' thick brick wall

+0'' ground

45°

6'-0"

6'-0"

3'' stone extended 3'' stone extended 3'' stone extended beyond brick wall on beyond brick wall onbeyond brick wall on both sides both sides both sides

45°

6'-0"

C C

45°

6'-0"

45°

B B

8'' X 10'' rcc band 2-#12 top; 2-#12 bottom 1 3 Brick length 8-2L @8''c/c 1 3 Brick Width thick pcc detail B 6"detail B (1:3:6) with polyfiber (1.25 kg/cum) rammed earth

Brick CourseBrick 1 Course(Base) Brick1Course(Base) 1 (Base) Brick CourseBrick 2 CourseBrick2Course- 2

1'-121'' 3" 3"

Brick CourseBrick 3 CourseBrick3Course- 3

Brick CourseBrick 4 CourseBrick4Course- 4

STUDIO JUGGERNAUT Delhi Office: C 7/125,Safdarjung Development Area,Delhi, India, 110016 Tokyo Office: 2-9-12-803 Minami Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, Japan, 171-0022

ons 1

1'-121'' 3" 3"

3'-0"

1'-7 21''

1'-121'' thick brick wall

162°

detail A

B B

4-

1

''

''

2

4-

1

''

2

1

4-

Stone Course BRICK COURSE 09

detail B

BRICK COURSE 02

Brick Brick Course-7 2 Brick CourseBrick 6 CourseBrickCourse6Course-1 6(Base) Brick CourseBrick 7 CourseBrick 7Course-

2

Stone Course

7'-1 below 1/2"7'-1 stone below stone stone1/2" below

BRICK COURSE 03

CBrick CourseBrick Course-83 Brick 8 CourseBrick 8CourseC

BRICK COURSE 08

Brick CourseBrick CourseBrick 9 CourseBrick 9Course94

45°

detail A

1

" '-2

a5.2

construction document

brick cladding as per requirement brick as per requirement Mant cladding weekend home Mathura, Uttar Pradesh

pcc (1'' pcc thick) (1'' thick) 1:40 on A2

05 May, 2022

7

7

1/

1/

1 1

orkformwork line line 7 21'' 4'-7 21''

''

Brick Course- 7

stone below

STUDIO JUGGERNAUT

0'' from line of stone 1 3 of brick length 1 3 of brick width

スタジオ・ジャガーナント

Delhi Office: C 7/125,Safdarjung Development Area,Delhi, India, 110016 Tokyo Office: 2-9-12-803 Minami Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, Japan, 171-0022

11 courses brick corbelling 11 courses of brickof corbelling as per as per Contact building details - coursing +91-11-46010192 a5.2 drawingdrawing a5.2 +91-11-41014659

Brick Course- 6

Brick Course- 7

detail A

stoneas gutter as per detail stone gutter per detail

DETAILBrick A Course- 8

facing brick facing 9''brick length 9'' length 1

- ''

2

stone below stone 4lintel 3'' lintel thick.3''see structure stone thick. see structure drawings for joinery drawings for details joinery details

6'-0"

6'-0"

0'' from line

6'-0"

45°

4 courses of one andbrick a half brick 4 courses of one and a half of stone thick masonry with 21'' mortar thick masonry with 21'' mortar thick PCC with polyfiber (1.2kg/m3) 3'' thick 3'' PCC with polyfiber (1.2kg/m3) rammed rammed earth earth

ection ion

Contact +91-11-46010192 +91-11-41014659

Brick Course- 11 (Top)

keypiece stone3''piece thick. see structure key stone thick.3''see structure drawings for details joinery details drawings for joinery

2"

4'2"

4'-

3'-2 1/2"

detail B

1

" '-2

Brick Course- 2

Contact +91-11-46010192 +91-11-41014659

45°

7'-1 1/2"

1/2" 7'-1 1/2"

Contact +91-11-46010192 +91-11-41014659

Brick Course- 6

7'-1 1/2"

7'-1 1/2"

6'-5 1/2"

Brick Course- 10

4-

1 3 of brick length 1 3 of brick width

Delhi Office: C 7/125,Safdarjung Delhi Office: Development C 7/125,Safdarjung Delhi Office:Development C 7/125,Safdarjung Development Area,Delhi, India, 110016 Area,Delhi, India, 110016 Area,Delhi, India, 110016 Tokyo Office: 2-9-12-803 Tokyo Minami Office: Ikebukuro, 2-9-12-803 Tokyo Minami Office:Ikebukuro, 2-9-12-803 Minami Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, Japan, Toshima-Ku, 171-0022 Tokyo, Japan, Toshima-Ku, 171-0022 Tokyo, Japan, 171-0022

Brick Course- 1 (Base)

162°

7'-1 1/2"

6'-0"

Mathura, Uttar Pradesh Mathura, Uttar Pradesh Mathura, Uttar Pradesh

building details building - coursing details building - coursing details - coursing

1

176°

Brick Course- 9

C C

スタジオ・ジャガーナント スタジオ・ジャガーナント スタジオ・ジャガーナント

2

0'' from line of stone

Brick Course- 8

3'-2 1/2"

1

2

stone176° below

Brick Course- 7

162°

detail B

STUDIO JUGGERNAUT STUDIO JUGGERNAUT STUDIO JUGGERNAUT

Mant weekend Manthome weekend Mant home weekend home a5.2 construction a5.2 construction document construction document document

detail Bdetail Bdetail 1:40B on A2 1:40 on A2 051:40 May,on 2022 A205 May, 2022 05 May, 2022

1 3 Brick length 1 3 Brick Width

detail A

1'-121'' thick brick wall

Stone Course

detail Adetail Adetail A

Brick CourseBrick 11Course(Top) Brick11 Course(Top) 11 (Top)

45°

45°

45°

45°

a5.2

''

3'' stone extended beyond brick wall on both sides

11

nlan

B B

6'-0"

6'-0"

1 1 1 3 of brick length 3 of brick length 3 of brick length 1 1 1 3 of brick width 3 of brick width 3 of brick width

Brick Course- 1 (Base

BRICK COURSE 10

Brick CourseBrick CourseBrick 10CourseBrick 10 Course105

0'' from line0'' from line0'' from line of stone of stone of stone

Brick Course- 6

deta

1'-121'' thick brick wall

45°

162°

1 3 Brick length 1 3 Brick Width

176° 176° BRICK COURSE 01 (BASE)

STONE COURSE

6'-0" 3'' stone extended beyond brick wall on both sides

45°

6'-0" 3'' stone extended beyond brick wall on both sides

3'-0"

6'-0"

Contact +91-11-46010192 +91-11-41014659 6'-0"

lan lan

Brick CourseBrick 5 CourseBrick5Course- 5

スタジオ・ジャガーナント

athura, Uttar Pradesh

4-

3'-0"

2

3'-0"

kend home

1/2" 7'-1 1/2"

3'-0"

1'-7 21''

B B

7'-1 1/2"7'-1 1/2"

C C

22

detail A

1 3 of brick length 1 3 of brick width

DETAIL B

key stone piece 3'' thick. see structure drawings for joinery details

a5.2

detail B

1:40 on A