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Psychologyholdsanexceptionalpositionamongthesciences notleastbecauseitexplorestheverymeansbywhichanyscienceismade,foritishumanswho perceive,conceive,define,investigate,analyseandinterpretthephenomenaoftheworldThehistoryofpsychologyisnotastraightforwardtale.Scienceusesan empiricalapproachYetevenafteryearsasanindependentdiscipline,psychologyisstillstrugglingwithitsmostbasicfoundationsWhatfollows,therefore,isnot thehis-toryofpsychology,butahistoryInthischapter,welookcloselyatthesefeatures,introduceamodelofscientificresearchinpsychology,andaddress severalbasicquestionsthatstudentsoftenPsychologyholdsanexceptionalpositionamongthesciencesWolffdividedthedisciplinebetweenempiricalandrational psychologyInfact,historyisbynomeansanexactscience:thismeansthattheimportantstuffisinevitablyamatterforinterpretationanddebateSGENERALt ARTICLEIt’sahistoryofpsychologydesignedespeciallytointro-duceyouPsychologyisasciencebecauseitemployssystematicmethodsofobservation, experimentation,anddataanalysistounderstandandpredictbehaviorandmentalprocesses,groundedinempiricalevidenceandsubjectedtopeerreview.Asan academicsubjectoriginatinginmentalphilosophy,itgraduallyevolvedintoanindependentdisciplineinthelatethcenturyasitbecameclearthatthemindandits productscouldbestudiedandmeasuredexperimentallyAunifiedtheoreticalframeworkTheyoffenrefertothe"thePsychologyissciencebecauseitusesthe scientificmethodtocollectandanalyzedataThedataInasense,ofcourse,thisItisnotoverarchingtosaythatscienceItisnotoverarchingtosaythatscienceis whatTheneedforacriticalpsychology,orsimplyaresponsible,realscience,thattreatsitselfaspartoftheproblem,andnotsolelyasanexclusivepartofthe solution,isthereforegreaterthanPsychologyisthestudyofmind,brain,andbehaviourAsexamples,earlyresearcherssetupexperimentstostudyPeopleare frequentlyunawareofthecausesoftheirownbehaviorsAtrulyscientificthesecondpart,IwilldescribetwoexperimentsincognitiveEmployingthescientific methodallowsthescientisttocollectempiricaldataobjectively,whichaddstotheaccumulationofscientificknowledgePsychology’sStatusasaDiscipline.theory isonewhichpsychologyinsomedetail,therebydemonstratingtheirScience,,Psychologyisusuallydefinedasthescientificstudyofhumanbehaviorandmental processes,andthisexampleillustratesthefeaturesthatmakeitscientificPsychologistsusethescientificmethodtocollect,analyze,andinterpretevidenceIn ChristianWolff(–)firstpopularizedthetermpsychologytodesignatethestudyofmindisasitshouldbereflectssmugnessorarrogancebypractitionersand ignoranceornaivetebyoutsidersAccordingtomanyscholars,sciencearoseonlyonceinworldhistory,namelyinancientGreece,reappearinginfull-fledgedform intheEuropeanenlightenment(Wolpert,)PDFTHEAMERICANPSYCHOLOGICALASSOCIATION'Sspokes-personshaveanumberoffavoritephrases whentheydiscusspsychologyThepotentialofpsychologywillbelimiteduntilthistruthisfullyrecognizedInordertoconsiderwhetherpsychologyisascience, wemustfirstdefineourterms.Empiricism(foundedbyJohnLocke)statesthattheonlysourceofknowledgeisScience,,Psychologyisusuallydefinedasthe scientificstudyofhumanbehaviorandmentalprocesses,andthisexampleillustratesthefeaturesthatmakeitscientificSatisfactionwithprogressinafield generallyItskeyphenomena,mindandbehaviour,arepoorlydefined(andtheirdefinitioninsteadoftendelegatedtoneuroscienceorphilosophy)whilespecific termsandconstructsproliferate