TEST BANK for Journey Across the Life Span-Human Development & Health Promotion 6E by Polan;Taylor

TEST BANK TEST BANK

TEST BANK TEST BANK

COMPLETE Elaborated Test Bank For Journey Across the Life Span Human Development and Health Promotion 6th Edition Elaine U. Polan Daphne R. Taylor

Journey Across the Life Span-Human Development and Health Promotion 6th Edition by Elaine U. Polan & Daphne R. Taylor.

ISBN-10 0803674872 ISBN-13 978-0803674875

Test bank for Journey Across the Life Span-Human Development and Health Promotion 6th Edition

by Elaine U. Polan & Daphne R. Taylor

ISBN-10 0803674872 ISBN-13 978-0803674875

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter - 1: Healthy Lifestyles Chapter - 2: Communication Chapter - 3: Culture Chapter - 4: The Family Chapter - 5: Theories of Growth and Development Chapter - 6: Prenatal Period to 1 Year Chapter - 7: Toddlerhood Chapter - 8: Preschool Chapter - 9: School Age Chapter - 10: Puberty and Adolescence Chapter - 11: Early Adulthood Chapter - 12: Middle Adulthood Chapter - 13: Late Adulthood Chapter - 14: Death and Dying

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

Chapter 1. Healthy Lifestyles – Test Questions

1. In early civilization, the cause of illness was attributed to: a. Infectious disease b. Microorganisms c. Contaminated food and water d. Natural and supernatural forces Answer:

2. The first understanding of disease processes occurred in (the): a. b. c. d.

Early civilization 21st century 19th century Middle Ages

Answer:

3. Despite all of the improvements and advancements in health care, several infectious diseases have recently resurfaced, including: a. b. c. d.

Strep throat Tuberculosis Polio Mononucleosis

Answer:

4. Healthy People 2020 identifies two major goals—eliminating health disparities and: a. b. c. d.

Increasing peace and prosperity Eliminating all diseases Increasing the quality and years of healthy living Limiting population growth

Answer: 5. An external force that can affect one’s health is (the):

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

a. b. c. d.

Mind Culture Heredity Hormones

Answer:

6. Health promotion is: a. b. c. d.

Goal oriented Natural Unplanned Special

Answer:

7. Mrs. Jackson brings her 6-month-old infant to the clinic for immunization. This action demonstrates which of the following levels of disease prevention? a. b. c. d.

Primary Secondary Tertiary Rehabilitative

Answer:

8. A future national goal for health care is the: a. b. c. d.

Reduction of services Decrease in managed care Increase in Medicaid contribution Elimination of disparities in health care

Answer:

9. Inadequate nutrition contributes to diseases such as: a. b. c. d.

Arthritis Lupus Cancer Hearing loss

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

Answer:

10. In health promotion, the most important nursing role is: a. b. c. d.

Teaching safe health practices Assessing the individual’s health needs Reducing potential health risk factors Changing established lifestyle

Answer:

11. A healthy person generally: a. b. c. d.

Lacks stability Lacks energy Is in denial Is in harmony

Answer:

12. In a health model, the nurse, as a collaborator, is responsible for: a. b. c. d.

Teaching patients about their disease process Sharing and exchanging information with other health professionals Demonstrating desired health behavior Performing daily care needs

Answer:

13. Jennifer Joseph, a 60-year-old client, has been instructed by the public health nurse to begin a program of exercise. You can further explain to Mrs. Joseph that the benefits of exercise are: a. b. c. d.

An increase in blood supply to muscles and nerves An increase in heart rate and rhythm A decrease in the size of the heart muscle A decrease in blood volume and oxygen demands

Answer:

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

14. Holistic health: a. b. c. d.

Excludes one’s physical well-being Limits consideration of one’s social standing Excludes environmental impact Considers one’s mental well-being

Answer:

15. Which of the following is an example of health restoration? a. b. c. d.

Rehabilitation after surgery to replace a knee joint Immunization against the hepatitis B virus Surgical excision of a breast cyst Closure of an abdominal stoma

Answer:

16. A major objective of health promotion is: a. b. c. d.

Decreasing one’s stress level Challenging health practices Attaining one’s level of optimal health Providing self-actualization

Answer:

17. The most important goal in health restoration is: a. b. c. d.

Regaining losses Compensating for losses Attaining acceptance Providing sympathy

Answer: 18. Which of the following forces has no impact on changing one’s health behavior? a. Family b. Social pressures

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

c. Role models d. Inherited traits Answer:

19. The stressor most commonly associated with adolescence is: a. b. c. d.

The search for self-worth The search for identity Separation anxiety Birth of a new sibling

Answer:

20. Based on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the most stressful event for an adult is: a. b. c. d.

Changing careers Changing residence Divorce Childbirth

Answer:

21. Virgil Grant, a patient recently diagnosed with AIDS, is having a healthy response to the stress in his life if he demonstrates which of the following behaviors? a. b. c. d.

Denial Withdrawal Acceptance Aggression

Answer:

22. Gary Byrd, a 24-year-old college student, tells the nurse that he sometimes uses various illegal drugs. The nurse can characterize Gary as a substance abuser if he: a. b. c. d.

Continues to be active in college affairs Maintains his self-esteem Begins to lose interest in his relationships Has heightened interest in the opposite sex

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

Answer:

23. The highest percentage of accidents resulting from alcohol use involve: a. b. c. d.

Homicides Drowning Fires Motor vehicles

Answer:

24. Sandra Gooden has just been told by the doctor that she is pregnant with her first baby.

Which of the following factors will have a negative impact on Sandra’s ability to maintain good health during her pregnancy? a. b. c. d.

Poor relationship with her in-laws Community recognition Effective stress management Economic well-being

Answer:

25. The level of health prevention that concentrates on retraining and educating to maximize the use of remaining capacities is: a. b. c. d.

Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Disability prevention

Answer:

26. Preventive care, including immunizations and yearly physical examinations, is classified as what type of health care service? a. b. c. d.

Primary Secondary Tertiary Collaborative

Answer:

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

27. National health insurance for persons 65 years and older is known as: a. b. c. d.

Medicaid Medicare Socialized medicine Palliative care

Answer:

28. The nurse recognizes that physiological responses to emotional stress are the result of: a. b. c. d.

Mental illness Autonomic nervous stimulation Powerlessness Shame

Answer:

29. The nurse is teaching a community group about disease prevention. She is giving instructions regarding secondary prevention and correctly includes: a. b. c. d.

Risk factors for heart disease Limiting disability after injury The importance of colorectal screening The use of vitamins and a balanced diet

Answer:

30. One of the goals of the Affordable Care Act is: a. b. c. d.

Placing an emphasis on illness Improving the quality of care Focusing on curing rare diseases Holding the client responsible for tending to his or her own health care needs

Answer:

31. The organization that coordinates global health care issues, such as outbreaks of infection, is:

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

a. b. c. d.

Healthy People 2020 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention World Health Organization AARP

Answer:

32. The most important goal the nurse must meet today in the delivery of health care is: a. b. c. d.

Fostering the client’s recovery from illness Providing the individual rehabilitation from illness Promoting self-care Assisting the individual in attaining the highest level of health

Answer:

33. The student nurse is providing follow-up teaching to a group of clients on how to maintain a healthy diet. The student nurse must first understand that which of the following factors can affect the selection of a healthy diet? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d.

Cultural preferences Client’s knowledge level Economic status Access to foods

Answer:

34. The plan of care states that an increase in food intake is needed to rebuild and repair cells.

The nurse would increase the client’s intake of: a. b. c. d.

Fish Fruits Cereals Olive oil

Answer:

35. The MyPlate guidelines help the individual: a. Understand that food intake must match energy output

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

b. Focus on the value of certain foods c. Use his or her weight to determine food intake d. Focus on a child’s nutritional needs Answer:

36. Which of the following describe(s) a type of determinant behavior? (Select all that apply.) a. Poor diet b. Unsafe sex c. Smoking and drug use Answer:

37. During a postconference, there is an open discussion on the health-promoting goals of Healthy People 2020. When the nurse instructor summarizes the key points, she is correct if she states (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Economical support for all Elimination of health care disparities Access to preventive health services Free nutritional programs for elderly adults Counseling services for the elderly population

Answer:

38. The nurse is participating in a health promotion workshop at the community church. She must include which of the following topics? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d. e.

Stress management Regular exercise Limiting nutritional intake Medication support for sleep and rest Sedentary lifestyle to decrease cardiac workload

Answer:

39. Healthy ways of adapting to stress include: a. b.

Alcohol Humor

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

c. d.

Drugs Smoking

Answer:

40. The parent of a 6-year-old who is having problems in school shares with the school nurse that she took her child to the pediatrician, and he said he is suffering from PTSD. She tells the nurse she does not understand because she has only heard of PTSD in association with soldiers after combat. The nurse would best reply: a. b. c. d.

Your son is always fighting when he comes to school PTSD can occur if your son has had a traumatic experience Yes, PTSD only occurs in people who have been in combat This is caused by extreme anxiety and should pass in a few days

Answer: 41. A mother is questioning her 2-year-old child’s emotional development. Identify emotions that are normal in this age group (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Frustration Pleasure Anger Anxiety Fear

Answer:

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

Chapter 1. Healthy Lifestyles – Questions With Answers and Rationales 1. In early civilization, the cause of illness was attributed to: a. b. c. d.

Infectious disease Microorganisms Contaminated food and water Natural and supernatural forces

Answer: d Rationale: In early civilization, illness was attributed to natural and supernatural forces.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

2. The first understanding of disease processes occurred in (the): a. b. c. d.

Early civilization 21st century 19th century Middle Ages

Answer: c Rationale: In the 19th century, the development of bacteriology helped in the understanding of disease processes.

Nursing Process: Assessment

3. Despite all of the improvements and advancements in health care, several infectious diseases have recently resurfaced, including: a. b. c. d.

Strep throat Tuberculosis Polio Mononucleosis

Answer: b Rationale: Tuberculosis is one of several diseases that have recently resurfaced.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

4. Healthy People 2020 identifies two major goals—eliminating health disparities and: a. b. c. d.

Increasing peace and prosperity Eliminating all diseases Increasing the quality and years of healthy living Limiting population growth

Answer: c Rationale: Increasing the quality and years of healthy living is one major goal set by Healthy People 2020.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 5. An external force that can affect one’s health is (the): a. b. c. d.

Mind Culture Heredity Hormones

Answer: b Rationale: Culture is an external force that can have many influences on an individual, including effects on health.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

6. Health promotion is: a. b. c. d.

Goal oriented Natural Unplanned Special

Answer: a Rationale: Health promotion sets goals leading toward optimal wellness.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

7. Mrs. Jackson brings her 6-month-old infant to the clinic for immunization. This action demonstrates which of the following levels of disease prevention? a. b. c. d.

Primary Secondary Tertiary Rehabilitative

Answer: a Rationale: Primary prevention is aimed at disease prevention.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

8. A future national goal for health care is the: a. b. c. d.

Reduction of services Decrease in managed care Increase in Medicaid contribution Elimination of disparities in health care

Answer: d Rationale: The national goal for the next decade is health care for all.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

9. Inadequate nutrition contributes to diseases such as: a. b. c. d.

Arthritis Lupus Cancer Hearing loss

Answer: c Rationale: Cancer has been linked to poor nutritional practices.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

10. In health promotion, the most important nursing role is:

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

a. b. c. d.

Teaching safe health practices Assessing the individual’s health needs Reducing potential health risk factors Changing established lifestyle

Answer: a Rationale: An important goal of health promotion is helping individuals learn to make safe health choices.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

11. A healthy person generally: a. b. c. d.

Lacks stability Lacks energy Is in denial Is in harmony

Answer: d Rationale: Being in harmony, or homeostasis, means that the body can balance healthy and unhealthy forces.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

12. In a health model, the nurse, as a collaborator, is responsible for: a. b. c. d.

Teaching patients about their disease process Sharing and exchanging information with other health professionals Demonstrating desired health behavior Performing daily care needs

Answer: b Rationale: The nurse acts as a collaborator with other health professionals to promote positive patient outcomes.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

13. Jennifer Joseph, a 60-year-old client, has been instructed by the public health nurse to begin a program of exercise. You can further explain to Mrs. Joseph that the benefits of exercise are: a. b. c. d.

An increase in blood supply to muscles and nerves An increase in heart rate and rhythm A decrease in the size of the heart muscle A decrease in blood volume and oxygen demands

Answer: a Rationale: Exercise helps stimulate increased blood supply, which nourishes muscles and nerves.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

14. Holistic health: a. b. c. d.

Excludes one’s physical well-being Limits consideration of one’s social standing Excludes environmental impact Considers one’s mental well-being

Answer: d Rationale: Holistic practices consider the whole person’s well-being.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

15. Which of the following is an example of health restoration? a. b. c. d.

Rehabilitation after surgery to replace a knee joint Immunization against the hepatitis B virus Surgical excision of a breast cyst Closure of an abdominal stoma

Answer: a Rationale: Health restoration implies rehabilitation to one’s optimal functioning.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

16. A major objective of health promotion is: a. b. c. d.

Decreasing one’s stress level Challenging health practices Attaining one’s level of optimal health Providing self-actualization

Answer: c Rationale: The focus of health promotion is individualized to bring the person to his or her best potential.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

17. The most important goal in health restoration is: a. b. c. d.

Regaining losses Compensating for losses Attaining acceptance Providing sympathy

Answer: b Rationale: Health restoration assists the person in learning to cope with losses.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 18. Which of the following forces has no impact on changing one’s health behavior? a. b. c. d.

Family Social pressures Role models Inherited traits

Answer: d Rationale: Inherited traits are those transmitted by genes and are out of a person’s control.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

19. The stressor most commonly associated with adolescence is:

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

a. b. c. d.

The search for self-worth The search for identity Separation anxiety Birth of a new sibling

Answer: b Rationale: Adolescents struggle to find out who they are.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

20. Based on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the most stressful event for an adult is: a. b. c. d.

Changing careers Changing residence Divorce Childbirth

Answer: c Rationale: Divorce has been identified as one of life’s major stressors, in that it breaks up the family unit.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

21. Virgil Grant, a patient recently diagnosed with AIDS, is having a healthy response to the stress in his life if he demonstrates which of the following behaviors? a. b. c. d.

Denial Withdrawal Acceptance Aggression

Answer: c Rationale: The stage known as acceptance indicates that the individual has progressed to the final stage of the grieving process.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

22. Gary Byrd, a 24-year-old college student, tells the nurse that he sometimes uses various illegal drugs. The nurse can characterize Gary as a substance abuser if he:

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

a. b. c. d.

Continues to be active in college affairs Maintains his self-esteem Begins to lose interest in his relationships Has heightened interest in the opposite sex

Answer: c Rationale: Substance abuse is characterized by a history of personal problems.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

23. The highest percentage of accidents resulting from alcohol use involve: a. b. c. d.

Homicides Drowning Fires Motor vehicles

Answer: d Rationale: Statistics show that alcohol use is a major cause of motor vehicle accidents.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

24. Sandra Gooden has just been told by the doctor that she is pregnant with her first baby.

Which of the following factors will have a negative impact on Sandra’s ability to maintain good health during her pregnancy? a. b. c. d.

Poor relationship with her in-laws Community recognition Effective stress management Economic well-being

Answer: a Rationale: The nuclear family and extended family play an important role in the well-being of the pregnant woman.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

25. The level of health prevention that concentrates on retraining and educating to maximize the use of remaining capacities is: a. b. c. d.

Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Disability prevention

Answer: c Rationale: Tertiary prevention minimizes the effects of long-term disease or disability. With rehabilitation, clients can reach their highest level of functioning.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

26. Preventive care, including immunizations and yearly physical examinations, is classified as what type of health care service? a. b. c. d.

Primary Secondary Tertiary Collaborative

Answer: a Rationale: Primary health care services are aimed at disease prevention.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

27. National health insurance for persons 65 years and older is known as: a. b. c. d.

Medicaid Medicare Socialized medicine Palliative care

Answer: b Rationale: Medicare offers health insurance coverage to seniors aged 65 years and older.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

28. The nurse recognizes that physiological responses to emotional stress are the result of: a. b. c. d.

Mental illness Autonomic nervous stimulation Powerlessness Shame

Answer: b Rationale: The brain and autonomic nervous system have a role in the physical changes that occur during an emotional reaction.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

29. The nurse is teaching a community group about disease prevention. She is giving instructions regarding secondary prevention and correctly includes: a. b. c. d.

Risk factors for heart disease Limiting disability after injury The importance of colorectal screening The use of vitamins and a balanced diet

Answer: c Rationale: Secondary prevention includes screening for diseases.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

30. One of the goals of the Affordable Care Act is: a. b. c. d.

Placing an emphasis on illness Improving the quality of care Focusing on curing rare diseases Holding the client responsible for tending to his or her own health care needs

Answer: b Rationale: The Affordable Care Act focuses on improving the quality of health care and making it available to all Americans.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Health Promotion

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

31. The organization that coordinates global health care issues, such as outbreaks of infection, is: a. b. c. d.

Healthy People 2020 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention World Health Organization AARP

Answer: c Rationale: The World Health Organization is concerned about health issues that occur throughout the world as well as any emerging and reemerging infections that are a threat to people worldwide.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Health Promotion

32. The most important goal the nurse must meet today in the delivery of health care is: a. b. c. d.

Fostering the client’s recovery from illness Providing the individual rehabilitation from illness Promoting self-care Assisting the individual in attaining the highest level of health

Answer: d Rationale The nurse has many goals in the delivery of care, but the most important is allowing the individual to achieve his or her highest level of health.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Health Promotion

33. The student nurse is providing follow-up teaching to a group of clients on how to maintain a healthy diet. The student nurse must first understand that which of the following factors can affect the selection of a healthy diet? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d.

Cultural preferences Client’s knowledge level Economic status Access to foods

Answer: a, b, c, d Rationale: Many factors affect a client’s ability to maintain a healthy diet, including the availability of stores, types of food available, financial ability to purchase healthy food, cultural practices, and education level.

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion

34. The plan of care states that an increase in food intake is needed to rebuild and repair cells.

The nurse would increase the client’s intake of: a. b. c. d.

Fish Fruits Cereals Olive oil

Answer: a Rationale: Foods that are the building blocks for cell repair and growth are proteins. Examples of proteins include fish, meats, and legumes.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion

35. The MyPlate guidelines help the individual: a. b. c. d.

Understand that food intake must match energy output Focus on the value of certain foods Use his or her weight to determine food intake Focus on a child’s nutritional needs

Answer: a Rationale: MyPlate guidelines include portion size, food groups, and the need for exercise in controlling weight and sustaining a healthy diet.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Health Promotion

36. Which of the following describe(s) a type of determinant behavior? (Select all that apply.) a. Poor diet b. Unsafe sex c. Smoking and drug use Answer: a, b, c Rationale: There are a number of behaviors that are determinants to health, including lack of exercise, smoking, drug use, poor nutrition, and unsafe sexual practices.

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychological Integrity

37. During a postconference, there is an open discussion on the health-promoting goals of Healthy People 2020. When the nurse instructor summarizes the key points, she is correct if she states (select all that apply): f. g. h. i. j.

Economical support for all Elimination of health care disparities Access to preventive health services Free nutritional programs for elderly adults Counseling services for the elderly population

Answer: b, c Rationale: The overarching goals of Healthy People 2020 are to improve quality of health care for all Americans and eliminate health care disparities.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health Promotion

38. The nurse is participating in a health promotion workshop at the community church. She must include which of the following topics? (Select all that apply.) f. g. h. i. j.

Stress management Regular exercise Limiting nutritional intake Medication support for sleep and rest Sedentary lifestyle to decrease cardiac workload

Answer: a, b Rationale: Health promotion emphasizes exercise, nutrition, mental health, physical health, and avoidance of substance abuse.

Nursing Process: Plan Client Needs: Health Promotion

39. Healthy ways of adapting to stress include: e. f. g.

Alcohol Humor Drugs

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

h.

Smoking

Answer: b Rationale: Healthy ways of adapting to stress include relaxation, exercise, and humor.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion

40. The parent of a 6-year-old who is having problems in school shares with the school nurse that she took her child to the pediatrician, and he said he is suffering from PTSD. She tells the nurse she does not understand because she has only heard of PTSD in association with soldiers after combat. The nurse would best reply: e. f. g. h.

Your son is always fighting when he comes to school PTSD can occur if your son has had a traumatic experience Yes, PTSD only occurs in people who have been in combat This is caused by extreme anxiety and should pass in a few days

Answer: b Rationale: PTSD can occur in anyone who has experienced a traumatic event, including violent crimes, motor vehicle accidents, sexual abuse, and combat.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 41. A mother is questioning her 2-year-old child’s emotional development. Identify emotions that are normal in this age group (select all that apply): f. g. h. i. j.

Frustration Pleasure Anger Anxiety Fear

Answer: a, b Rationale: A newborn’s emotions are centered around needs for food and comfort, but as a child gets older, other emotions are seen, including anger, jealousy, happiness, and anxiety.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

Journey Across the Life Span(6e)

4. Healthy People 2020 identifies two major goals—eliminating health disparities and: a. b. c. d.

Increasing peace and prosperity Eliminating all diseases Increasing the quality and years of healthy living Limiting population growth

Answer: c Rationale: Increasing the quality and years of healthy living is one major goal set by Healthy People 2020.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 5. An external force that can affect one’s health is (the): a. b. c. d.

Mind Culture Heredity Hormones

Answer: b Rationale: Culture is an external force that can have many influences on an individual, including effects on health.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

6. Health promotion is: a. b. c. d.

Goal oriented Natural Unplanned Special

Answer: a Rationale: Health promotion sets goals leading toward optimal wellness.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

7. Mrs. Jackson brings her 6-month-old infant to the clinic for immunization. This action demonstrates which of the following levels of disease prevention?

Journey Across the Life Span(6e)

a. b. c. d.

Primary Secondary Tertiary Rehabilitative

Answer: a Rationale: Primary prevention is aimed at disease prevention.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

8. A future national goal for health care is the: a. b. c. d.

Reduction of services Decrease in managed care Increase in Medicaid contribution Elimination of disparities in health care

Answer: d Rationale: The national goal for the next decade is health care for all.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

9. Inadequate nutrition contributes to diseases such as: a. b. c. d.

Arthritis Lupus Cancer Hearing loss

Answer: c Rationale: Cancer has been linked to poor nutritional practices.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

10. In health promotion, the most important nursing role is: a. Teaching safe health practices b. Assessing the individual’s health needs c. Reducing potential health risk factors

Journey Across the Life Span(6e)

d. Changing established lifestyle Answer: a Rationale: An important goal of health promotion is helping individuals learn to make safe health choices.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

11. A healthy person generally: a. b. c. d.

Lacks stability Lacks energy Is in denial Is in harmony

Answer: d Rationale: Being in harmony, or homeostasis, means that the body can balance healthy and unhealthy forces.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

12. In a health model, the nurse, as a collaborator, is responsible for: a. b. c. d.

Teaching patients about their disease process Sharing and exchanging information with other health professionals Demonstrating desired health behavior Performing daily care needs

Answer: b Rationale: The nurse acts as a collaborator with other health professionals to promote positive patient outcomes.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

13. Jennifer Joseph, a 60-year-old client, has been instructed by the public health nurse to begin a program of exercise. You can further explain to Mrs. Joseph that the benefits of exercise are: a. An increase in blood supply to muscles and nerves b. An increase in heart rate and rhythm

Journey Across the Life Span(6e)

c. A decrease in the size of the heart muscle d. A decrease in blood volume and oxygen demands Answer: a Rationale: Exercise helps stimulate increased blood supply, which nourishes muscles and nerves.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

14. Holistic health: a. b. c. d.

Excludes one’s physical well-being Limits consideration of one’s social standing Excludes environmental impact Considers one’s mental well-being

Answer: d Rationale: Holistic practices consider the whole person’s well-being.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

15. Which of the following is an example of health restoration? a. b. c. d.

Rehabilitation after surgery to replace a knee joint Immunization against the hepatitis B virus Surgical excision of a breast cyst Closure of an abdominal stoma

Answer: a Rationale: Health restoration implies rehabilitation to one’s optimal functioning.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

16. A major objective of health promotion is: a. b. c. d.

Decreasing one’s stress level Challenging health practices Attaining one’s level of optimal health Providing self-actualization

Journey Across the Life Span(6e)

Answer: c Rationale: The focus of health promotion is individualized to bring the person to his or her best potential.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

17. The most important goal in health restoration is: a. b. c. d.

Regaining losses Compensating for losses Attaining acceptance Providing sympathy

Answer: b Rationale: Health restoration assists the person in learning to cope with losses.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 18. Which of the following forces has no impact on changing one’s health behavior? a. b. c. d.

Family Social pressures Role models Inherited traits

Answer: d Rationale: Inherited traits are those transmitted by genes and are out of a person’s control.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

19. The stressor most commonly associated with adolescence is: a. b. c. d.

The search for self-worth The search for identity Separation anxiety Birth of a new sibling

Answer: b Rationale: Adolescents struggle to find out who they are.

Journey Across the Life Span(6e)

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

20. Based on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the most stressful event for an adult is: a. b. c. d.

Changing careers Changing residence Divorce Childbirth

Answer: c Rationale: Divorce has been identified as one of life’s major stressors, in that it breaks up the family unit.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

21. Virgil Grant, a patient recently diagnosed with AIDS, is having a healthy response to the stress in his life if he demonstrates which of the following behaviors? a. b. c. d.

Denial Withdrawal Acceptance Aggression

Answer: c Rationale: The stage known as acceptance indicates that the individual has progressed to the final stage of the grieving process.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

22. Gary Byrd, a 24-year-old college student, tells the nurse that he sometimes uses various illegal drugs. The nurse can characterize Gary as a substance abuser if he: a. b. c. d.

Continues to be active in college affairs Maintains his self-esteem Begins to lose interest in his relationships Has heightened interest in the opposite sex

Answer: c Rationale: Substance abuse is characterized by a history of personal problems.

Journey Across the Life Span(6e)

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

23. The highest percentage of accidents resulting from alcohol use involve: a. b. c. d.

Homicides Drowning Fires Motor vehicles

Answer: d Rationale: Statistics show that alcohol use is a major cause of motor vehicle accidents.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

24. Sandra Gooden has just been told by the doctor that she is pregnant with her first baby.

Which of the following factors will have a negative impact on Sandra’s ability to maintain good health during her pregnancy? a. b. c. d.

Poor relationship with her in-laws Community recognition Effective stress management Economic well-being

Answer: a Rationale: The nuclear family and extended family play an important role in the well-being of the pregnant woman.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

25. The level of health prevention that concentrates on retraining and educating to maximize the use of remaining capacities is: a. b. c. d.

Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Disability prevention

Answer: c Rationale: Tertiary prevention minimizes the effects of long-term disease or disability. With rehabilitation, clients can reach their highest level of functioning.

Journey Across the Life Span(6e)

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

26. Preventive care, including immunizations and yearly physical examinations, is classified as what type of health care service? a. b. c. d.

Primary Secondary Tertiary Collaborative

Answer: a Rationale: Primary health care services are aimed at disease prevention.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

27. National health insurance for persons 65 years and older is known as: a. b. c. d.

Medicaid Medicare Socialized medicine Palliative care

Answer: b Rationale: Medicare offers health insurance coverage to seniors aged 65 years and older.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

28. The nurse recognizes that physiological responses to emotional stress are the result of: a. b. c. d.

Mental illness Autonomic nervous stimulation Powerlessness Shame

Answer: b Rationale: The brain and autonomic nervous system have a role in the physical changes that occur during an emotional reaction.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Journey Across the Life Span(6e)

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

29. The nurse is teaching a community group about disease prevention. She is giving instructions regarding secondary prevention and correctly includes: a. b. c. d.

Risk factors for heart disease Limiting disability after injury The importance of colorectal screening The use of vitamins and a balanced diet

Answer: c Rationale: Secondary prevention includes screening for diseases.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

30. One of the goals of the Affordable Care Act is: a. b. c. d.

Placing an emphasis on illness Improving the quality of care Focusing on curing rare diseases Holding the client responsible for tending to his or her own health care needs

Answer: b Rationale: The Affordable Care Act focuses on improving the quality of health care and making it available to all Americans.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Health Promotion

31. The organization that coordinates global health care issues, such as outbreaks of infection, is: a. b. c. d.

Healthy People 2020 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention World Health Organization AARP

Answer: c Rationale: The World Health Organization is concerned about health issues that occur throughout the world as well as any emerging and reemerging infections that are a threat to people worldwide.

Journey Across the Life Span(6e)

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Health Promotion

32. The most important goal the nurse must meet today in the delivery of health care is: a. b. c. d.

Fostering the client’s recovery from illness Providing the individual rehabilitation from illness Promoting self-care Assisting the individual in attaining the highest level of health

Answer: d Rationale The nurse has many goals in the delivery of care, but the most important is allowing the individual to achieve his or her highest level of health.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Health Promotion

33. The student nurse is providing follow-up teaching to a group of clients on how to maintain a healthy diet. The student nurse must first understand that which of the following factors can affect the selection of a healthy diet? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d.

Cultural preferences Client’s knowledge level Economic status Access to foods

Answer: a, b, c, d Rationale: Many factors affect a client’s ability to maintain a healthy diet, including the availability of stores, types of food available, financial ability to purchase healthy food, cultural practices, and education level.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion

34. The plan of care states that an increase in food intake is needed to rebuild and repair cells.

The nurse would increase the client’s intake of: a. b. c. d.

Fish Fruits Cereals Olive oil

Answer: a

Journey Across the Life Span(6e)

Rationale: Foods that are the building blocks for cell repair and growth are proteins. Examples of proteins include fish, meats, and legumes.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion

35. The MyPlate guidelines help the individual: a. b. c. d.

Understand that food intake must match energy output Focus on the value of certain foods Use his or her weight to determine food intake Focus on a child’s nutritional needs

Answer: a Rationale: MyPlate guidelines include portion size, food groups, and the need for exercise in controlling weight and sustaining a healthy diet.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Health Promotion

36. Which of the following describe(s) a type of determinant behavior? (Select all that apply.) a. Poor diet b. Unsafe sex c. Smoking and drug use Answer: a, b, c Rationale: There are a number of behaviors that are determinants to health, including lack of exercise, smoking, drug use, poor nutrition, and unsafe sexual practices.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychological Integrity

37. During a postconference, there is an open discussion on the health-promoting goals of Healthy People 2020. When the nurse instructor summarizes the key points, she is correct if she states (select all that apply): f. g. h. i. j.

Economical support for all Elimination of health care disparities Access to preventive health services Free nutritional programs for elderly adults Counseling services for the elderly population

Journey Across the Life Span(6e)

Answer: b, c Rationale: The overarching goals of Healthy People 2020 are to improve quality of health care for all Americans and eliminate health care disparities.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health Promotion

38. The nurse is participating in a health promotion workshop at the community church. She must include which of the following topics? (Select all that apply.) f. g. h. i. j.

Stress management Regular exercise Limiting nutritional intake Medication support for sleep and rest Sedentary lifestyle to decrease cardiac workload

Answer: a, b Rationale: Health promotion emphasizes exercise, nutrition, mental health, physical health, and avoidance of substance abuse.

Nursing Process: Plan Client Needs: Health Promotion

39. Healthy ways of adapting to stress include: e. f. g. h.

Alcohol Humor Drugs Smoking

Answer: b Rationale: Healthy ways of adapting to stress include relaxation, exercise, and humor.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion

40. The parent of a 6-year-old who is having problems in school shares with the school nurse that she took her child to the pediatrician, and he said he is suffering from PTSD. She tells the nurse she does not understand because she has only heard of PTSD in association with soldiers after combat. The nurse would best reply: e. f.

Your son is always fighting when he comes to school PTSD can occur if your son has had a traumatic experience

Journey Across the Life Span(6e)

g. h.

Yes, PTSD only occurs in people who have been in combat This is caused by extreme anxiety and should pass in a few days

Answer: b Rationale: PTSD can occur in anyone who has experienced a traumatic event, including violent crimes, motor vehicle accidents, sexual abuse, and combat.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 41. A mother is questioning her 2-year-old child’s emotional development. Identify emotions that are normal in this age group (select all that apply): f. g. h. i. j.

Frustration Pleasure Anger Anxiety Fear

Answer: a, b Rationale: A newborn’s emotions are centered around needs for food and comfort, but as a child gets older, other emotions are seen, including anger, jealousy, happiness, and anxiety.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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7. Mrs. Jackson brings her 6-month-old infant to the clinic for immunization. This action demonstrates which of the following levels of disease prevention? a. b. c. d.

Primary Secondary Tertiary Rehabilitative

Answer: a Rationale: Primary prevention is aimed at disease prevention.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

8. A future national goal for health care is the: a. b. c. d.

Reduction of services Decrease in managed care Increase in Medicaid contribution Elimination of disparities in health care

Answer: d Rationale: The national goal for the next decade is health care for all.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

9. Inadequate nutrition contributes to diseases such as: a. b. c. d.

Arthritis Lupus Cancer Hearing loss

Answer: c Rationale: Cancer has been linked to poor nutritional practices.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

10. In health promotion, the most important nursing role is:

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a. b. c. d.

Teaching safe health practices Assessing the individual’s health needs Reducing potential health risk factors Changing established lifestyle

Answer: a Rationale: An important goal of health promotion is helping individuals learn to make safe health choices.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

11. A healthy person generally: a. b. c. d.

Lacks stability Lacks energy Is in denial Is in harmony

Answer: d Rationale: Being in harmony, or homeostasis, means that the body can balance healthy and unhealthy forces.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

12. In a health model, the nurse, as a collaborator, is responsible for: a. b. c. d.

Teaching patients about their disease process Sharing and exchanging information with other health professionals Demonstrating desired health behavior Performing daily care needs

Answer: b Rationale: The nurse acts as a collaborator with other health professionals to promote positive patient outcomes.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

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13. Jennifer Joseph, a 60-year-old client, has been instructed by the public health nurse to begin a program of exercise. You can further explain to Mrs. Joseph that the benefits of exercise are: a. b. c. d.

An increase in blood supply to muscles and nerves An increase in heart rate and rhythm A decrease in the size of the heart muscle A decrease in blood volume and oxygen demands

Answer: a Rationale: Exercise helps stimulate increased blood supply, which nourishes muscles and nerves.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

14. Holistic health: a. b. c. d.

Excludes one’s physical well-being Limits consideration of one’s social standing Excludes environmental impact Considers one’s menN taU lR wS elI l-N beGinTgB.COM

Answer: d Rationale: Holistic practices consider the whole person’s well-being.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

15. Which of the following is an example of health restoration? a. b. c. d.

Rehabilitation after surgery to replace a knee joint Immunization against the hepatitis B virus Surgical excision of a breast cyst Closure of an abdominal stoma

Answer: a Rationale: Health restoration implies rehabilitation to one’s optimal functioning.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

16. A major objective of health promotion is: a. b. c. d.

Decreasing one’s stress level Challenging health practices Attaining one’s level of optimal health Providing self-actualization

Answer: c Rationale: The focus of health promotion is individualized to bring the person to his or her best potential.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

17. The most important goal in health restoration is: a. b. c. d.

Regaining losses Compensating for losses Attaining acceptance Providing sympathy

Answer: b Rationale: Health restoration assists the person in learning to cope with losses.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 18. Which of the following forces has no impact on changing one’s health behavior? a. b. c. d.

Family Social pressures Role models Inherited traits

Answer: d Rationale: Inherited traits are those transmitted by genes and are out of a person’s control.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

19. The stressor most commonly associated with adolescence is:

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a. b. c. d.

The search for self-worth The search for identity Separation anxiety Birth of a new sibling

Answer: b Rationale: Adolescents struggle to find out who they are.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

20. Based on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the most stressful event for an adult is: a. b. c. d.

Changing careers Changing residence Divorce Childbirth

Answer: c Rationale: Divorce has been identified as one of life’s major stressors, in that it breaks up the family unit.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

21. Virgil Grant, a patient recently diagnosed with AIDS, is having a healthy response to the stress in his life if he demonstrates which of the following behaviors? a. b. c. d.

Denial Withdrawal Acceptance Aggression

Answer: c Rationale: The stage known as acceptance indicates that the individual has progressed to the final stage of the grieving process.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

22. Gary Byrd, a 24-year-old college student, tells the nurse that he sometimes uses various illegal drugs. The nurse can characterize Gary as a substance abuser if he:

J

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

a. b. c. d.

Continues to be active in college affairs Maintains his self-esteem Begins to lose interest in his relationships Has heightened interest in the opposite sex

Answer: c Rationale: Substance abuse is characterized by a history of personal problems.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

23. The highest percentage of accidents resulting from alcohol use involve: a. b. c. d.

Homicides Drowning Fires Motor vehicles

Answer: d Rationale: Statistics show that alcohol use is a major cause of motor vehicle accidents.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

24. Sandra Gooden has just been told by the doctor that she is pregnant with her first baby. Which of the following factors will have a negative impact on Sandra’s ability to maintaingood health during her pregnancy? a. b. c. d.

Poor relationship with her in-laws Community recognition Effective stress management Economic well-being

Answer: a Rationale: The nuclear family and extended family play an important role in the well-being of the pregnant woman.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

J

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

25. The level of health prevention that concentrates on retraining and educating to maximize the use of remaining capacities is: a. b. c. d.

Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Disability prevention

Answer: c Rationale: Tertiary prevention minimizes the effects of long-term disease or disability. With rehabilitation, clients can reach their highest level of functioning.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

26. Preventive care, including immunizations and yearly physical examinations, is classified as what type of health care service? a. b. c. d.

Primary Secondary Tertiary Collaborative

Answer: a Rationale: Primary health care services are aimed at disease prevention.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

27. National health insurance for persons 65 years and older is known as: a. b. c. d.

Medicaid Medicare Socialized medicine Palliative care

Answer: b Rationale: Medicare offers health insurance coverage to seniors aged 65 years and older.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

J

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

28. The nurse recognizes that physiological responses to emotional stress are the result of: a. b. c. d.

Mental illness Autonomic nervous stimulation Powerlessness Shame

Answer: b Rationale: The brain and autonomic nervous system have a role in the physical changes that occur during an emotional reaction.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

29. The nurse is teaching a community group about disease prevention. She is giving instructions regarding secondary prevention and correctly includes: a. b. c. d.

Risk factors for heart disease Limiting disability after injury The importance of colorectal screening The use of vitamins and a balanced diet

Answer: c Rationale: Secondary prevention includes screening for diseases.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

30. One of the goals of the Affordable Care Act is: a. b. c. d.

Placing an emphasis on illness Improving the quality of care Focusing on curing rare diseases Holding the client responsible for tending to his or her own health care needs

Answer: b Rationale: The Affordable Care Act focuses on improving the quality of health care and making it available to all Americans.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Health Promotion

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Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

31. The organization that coordinates global health care issues, such as outbreaks of infection, is: a. b. c. d.

Healthy People 2020 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention World Health Organization AARP

Answer: c Rationale: The World Health Organization is concerned about health issues that occur throughout the world as well as any emerging and reemerging infections that are a threat to people worldwide.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Health Promotion

32. The most important goal the nurse must meet today in the delivery of health care is: a. b. c. d.

Fostering the client’s recovery from illness Providing the individual rehabilitation from illness Promoting self-care Assisting the individN uaUl R inSaIttN aiG niT nB g. thC eO hiM ghest level of health

Answer: d Rationale The nurse has many goals in the delivery of care, but the most important is allowing the individual to achieve his or her highest level of health.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Health Promotion

33. The student nurse is providing follow-up teaching to a group of clients on how to maintain a healthy diet. The student nurse must first understand that which of the following factors can affect the selection of a healthy diet? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d.

Cultural preferences Client’s knowledge level Economic status Access to foods

Answer: a, b, c, d Rationale: Many factors affect a client’s ability to maintain a healthy diet, including the availability of stores, types of food available, financial ability to purchase healthy food, cultural practices, and education level.

J

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion

34. The plan of care states that an increase in food intake is needed to rebuild and repair cells.

The nurse would increase the client’s intake of: a. b. c. d.

Fish Fruits Cereals Olive oil

Answer: a Rationale: Foods that are the building blocks for cell repair and growth are proteins. Examples of proteins include fish, meats, and legumes.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion 35. The MyPlate guidelines help the individual: a. b. c. d.

Understand that food intake must match energy output Focus on the value of certain foods Use his or her weight to determine food intake Focus on a child’s nutritional needs

Answer: a Rationale: MyPlate guidelines include portion size, food groups, and the need for exercise in controlling weight and sustaining a healthy diet.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Health Promotion

36. Which of the following describe(s) a type of determinant behavior? (Select all that apply.) a. Poor diet b. Unsafe sex c. Smoking and drug use Answer: a, b, c Rationale: There are a number of behaviors that are determinants to health, including lack of exercise, smoking, drug use, poor nutrition, and unsafe sexual practices.

J

Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychological Integrity

37. During a postconference, there is an open discussion on the health-promoting goals of Healthy People 2020. When the nurse instructor summarizes the key points, she is correct if she states (select all that apply): f. g. h. i. j.

Economical support for all Elimination of health care disparities Access to preventive health services Free nutritional programs for elderly adults Counseling services for the elderly population

Answer: b, c Rationale: The overarching goals of Healthy People 2020 are to improve quality of health care for all Americans and eliminate health care disparities.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health Promotion 38. The nurse is participating in a health promotion workshop at the community church. She must include which of the following topics? (Select all that apply.) f. g. h. i. j.

Stress management Regular exercise Limiting nutritional intake Medication support for sleep and rest Sedentary lifestyle to decrease cardiac workload

Answer: a, b Rationale: Health promotion emphasizes exercise, nutrition, mental health, physical health, and avoidance of substance abuse.

Nursing Process: Plan Client Needs: Health Promotion

39. Healthy ways of adapting to stress include: e. f. g.

Alcohol Humor Drugs

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Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

h.

Smoking

Answer: b Rationale: Healthy ways of adapting to stress include relaxation, exercise, and humor.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion

40. The parent of a 6-year-old who is having problems in school shares with the school nurse that she took her child to the pediatrician, and he said he is suffering from PTSD. She tells the nurse she does not understand because she has only heard of PTSD in association with soldiers after combat. The nurse would best reply: e. f. g. h.

Your son is always fighting when he comes to school PTSD can occur if your son has had a traumatic experience Yes, PTSD only occurs in people who have been in combat This is caused by extreme anxiety and should pass in a few days

Answer: b Rationale: PTSD can occur in anyone who has experienced a traumatic event, including violent crimes, motor vehicle accidents, sexual abuse, and combat.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 41. A mother is questioning her 2-year-old child’s emotional development. Identify emotions that are normal in this age group (select all that apply): f. g. h. i. j.

Frustration Pleasure Anger Anxiety Fear

Answer: a, b Rationale: A newborn’s emotions are centered around needs for food and comfort, but as a child gets older, other emotions are seen, including anger, jealousy, happiness, and anxiety.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

WTB-02-1

Chapter 2. Communication – Test Questions 1. Communication is the: a. b. c. d.

Last step in the nursing process Most vital link between diagnosis and disease Exchange of information and ideas Basis for all thinking processes

Answer: 2. Part of the communication process is: a. b. c. d.

Emotional Mental Physical Feedback

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM 3. The person who interprets the message is called the: a. b. c. d.

Sender Receiver Method Process

Answer: 4. A form of verbal communication is: a. b. c. d.

Body language Gestures Appearance Words

Answer: 5. A professional appearance by the health care worker can communicate:

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Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

a. b. c. d.

WTB-02-2

Incompetence Uncaring Pride Acceptance

Answer:

6. Which of the following behaviors by your patient indicates a willingness to communicate? a. b. c. d.

Downcast eyes Face toward you Legs tightly crossed Slumping posture

Answer:

7. Which of the following describes nonverbal behavior? Select all that apply. a. b. c. d.

Gestures Spoken word Tone of voice Aggressive style

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer: 8. Periods of silence during the communication process allow the health care worker to: a. b. c. d.

Redirect the patient Observe nonverbal behavior Relieve the patient’s anxiety Minimize rejection

Answer: 9. The communication style that serves to empower the individual is: a. b. c. d.

Assertive Unassertive Aggressive Passive

Formatted: Font: Italic

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Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

WTB-02-3

Answer: 10. Therapeutic communication: a. b. c. d.

Serves the needs of both participants Involves equal sharing of thoughts and feelings Is light and superficial in nature Promotes trust and a good rapport

Answer: 11. Active listening requires an active mind and: a. b. c. d.

Closed posture Leaning forward toward the patient Staring intently at the patient Sitting alongside the patient

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM 12. Being yourself as well as being open and truthful describes: a. b. c. d.

Warmth Listening Genuineness Positive regard

Answer: 13. Understanding the patient’s feelings and viewing the world as the patient does describe: a. b. c. d.

Sympathy Empathy Positive regard Congruence

Answer: 14. Agreement between spoken words and body language describes:

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Polan, Journey Across the Life Span, 6e

a. b. c. d.

WTB-02-4

Congruence Empathy Positive regard Validation

Answer:

15. Gaining insight into your personal feelings is an example of: a. b. c. d.

Empathy Biases Proxemics Self-awareness

Answer:

16. You observe Sally communicating with 80-year-old Gerry, who is hearing impaired. The technique used is satisfactory if Sally: a. b. c. d.

Speaks to Gerry from his doorway NURSINGTB.COM Speaks to Gerry in a loud tone Speaks with Gerry in a darkened room Asks Gerry for feedback verbally or in writing

Answer: 17. You overhear Jane telling her mother that she is afraid to ride over the bridge, and Jane’s mother responds, “Don’t be silly. Let’s go.” This is an example of: a. b. c. d.

Stereotyping Belittling Giving advice Giving false reassurance

Answer: 18. Mary, an elderly patient in the nursing home, states, “They are not doing anything to help me.” Your best response would be: a. “Don’t worry. You will feel better soon.” b. “What do you want us to do?”

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WTB-02-5

c. “We are taking good care of you.” d. “Describe when you began feeling this way.”

Answer:

19. John, age 54, is admitted for day surgery and is anxious and tense prior to the procedure.

How would you respond? a. b. c. d.

“Calm down. You will be fine.”

“You will only need light anesthesia.”

“You’re not dying. Why are you thinking this way?”

“You seem to be concerned about the surgery.”

Answer: 20. After completing morning care for Sarah, an 83-year-old patient in the nursing home, she states, “You are the only one who takes the time to care for me.” Your best response would be: a. b. c. d.

“You are still complaining, Sarah.”

“You feel others don’t take the time?N ” URSINGTB.COM “You are such a worrier.”

“Sarah, you know that’s not true.”

Answer:

21. Which of the following questions is open-ended and would best help a person describe his or her pain? a. “Do you have a lot of pain?” b. “Does it hurt when you walk?” c. “Is your pain sharp?” d. “Describe what your pain is like.”

Answer: 22. The caregiver notices that one of her patients is in her room crying. The caregiver’s best response is: a. “I’m sure things will get better.” b. “A good cry will make you feel better.”

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WTB-02-6

c. “It may help to talk about what is upsetting you.” d. “Crying is just a waste of time.”

Answer:

23. Your patient is usually very verbal. Today, you note that she is withdrawn and quiet. The best caregiver action is to: a. b. c. d.

Allow the patient to have privacy and time alone.

Attempt to offer light, superficial conversation.

State that “you need to talk about your problems.”

Spend time with her and continue to observe her behavior.

Answer: 24. The caregiver says, “I’m not sure of the answer to your question.” This response indicates that the caregiver is: a. b. c. d.

Evasive Uninformed Genuine Nontherapeutic

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer: 25. Touching a client suddenly without warning may be interpreted as: a. b. c. d.

Affectionate Invasive Empathic Comforting

Answer: 26. Telling a client that you know exactly what the client is going through is an example of: a. b. c. d.

False reassurance Giving advice Stereotyping Agreeing

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Answer: 27. When a health care worker changes the subject during a patient interaction, the result may: a. b. c. d.

Foster support of the client Reduce the health care worker’s anxiety Add emphasis to the message Build trust

Answer: 28. Which of the following influence(s) how a message is interpreted when a nurse is communicating with a patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Age b. Feelings c. Gender d. Attitude e. Past experience Answer:

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29. Which of the following comments would be nontherapeutic? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d. e.

“You should stop smoking.”

“Why are you always complaining?”

“I think you are making the right decision.”

“How are you feeling about this?”

“Let’s talk about happier times.”

Answer:

30. A nurse promotes effective communication with patients by using principles of: a. b. c. d.

Empathy Submissiveness Power Control

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Answer:

31. A nurse is utilizing the best techniques of therapeutic communication with a patient experiencing a stressful event when she: a. b. c. d.

Asks her to explain why she is behaving like that Sits with the client in quiet support Asks her to be quiet and thoughtful Isolates the patient from others

Answer: 32. A nurse has achieved the highest level of practice in the art of therapeutic communication when he (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Supports the client’s coping skills Explores his feelings Asks family members to keep the patient calm Shares his feelings with the patient Feels his goals and needs are metNURSINGTB.COM

Answer:

33. Touch is a powerful tool that a nurse can use in many situations; it can be used to (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Complement verbal communication Demonstrate caring Show empathy Offer reassurance Restrain an anxious patient

Answer: Chapter 2. Communication – Test Questions With Answers and Rationales 1. Communication is the: a. Last step in the nursing process

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b. Most vital link between diagnosis and disease c. Exchange of information and ideas d. Basis for all thinking processes Answer: c Rationale: Communication is the basic exchange of ideas and information between individuals.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

2. Part of the communication process is: a. b. c. d.

Emotional Mental Physical Feedback

Answer: d Rationale: Feedback is the part of the communication process in which a response is given to the message.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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3. The person who interprets the message is called the: a. b. c. d.

Sender Receiver Method Process

Answer: b Rationale: The receiver is the person to whom the message is sent.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 4. A form of verbal communication is: a. Body language b. Gestures

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c. Appearance d. Words Answer: d Rationale: Verbal communication uses words in speech or in writing.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

5. A professional appearance by the health care worker can communicate: a. b. c. d.

Incompetence Uncaring Pride Acceptance

Answer: c Rationale: A person’s appearance sends a message about how one feels about oneself.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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6. Which of the following behaviors by your patient indicates a willingness to communicate? a. b. c. d.

Downcast eyes Face toward you Legs tightly crossed Slumping posture

Answer: b Rationale: Facing a person when communicating with him or her indicates that you are listening and focused on the person you are speaking to.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 7. Which of the following describes nonverbal behavior? a. b. c. d.

Gestures Spoken word Tone of voice Aggressive style

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Answer: a, c Rationale: Nonverbal behavior uses gestures, and body language, and tone of voice to convey thoughts or feelings.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

8. Periods of silence during the communication process allow the health care worker to: a. b. c. d.

Redirect the patient Observe nonverbal behavior Relieve the patient’s anxiety Minimize rejection

Answer: a Rationale: Periods of silence during communication can be useful, in that they allow the person to think over what was said or what he or she is feeling.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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9. The communication style that serves to empower the individual is: a. b. c. d.

Assertive Unassertive Aggressive Passive

Answer: a Rationale: Assertive individuals are able to express their feelings with confidence.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 10. Therapeutic communication: a. b. c. d.

Serves the needs of both participants Involves equal sharing of thoughts and feelings Is light and superficial in nature Promotes trust and a good rapport

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Answer: d Rationale: Therapeutic communication promotes trust by using honesty.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 11. Active listening requires an active mind and: a. b. c. d.

Closed posture Leaning forward toward the patient Staring intently at the patient Sitting alongside the patient

Answer: b Rationale: Active listening requires a posture indicating that you are focused on the patient and on what he or she is saying.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 12. Being yourself as well as being open N anU d tR ruS thfI ulN deG scT ribB es. : COM a. b. c. d.

Warmth Listening Genuineness Positive regard

Answer: c Rationale: Genuineness implies that the person is honest and sincere.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 13. Understanding the patient’s feelings and viewing the world as the patient does describe: a. b. c. d.

Sympathy Empathy Positive regard Congruence

Answer: b Rationale: Empathy suggests that you can put yourself in the other person’s shoes.

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Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

14. Agreement between spoken words and body language describes: a. b. c. d.

Congruence Empathy Positive regard Validation

Answer: a Rationale: Congruence occurs when the verbal and nonverbal messages are in harmony.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

15. Gaining insight into your personal feelings is an example of: a. b. c. d.

Empathy Biases Proxemics Self-awareness

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Answer: d Rationale: Self-awareness, or insight, allows a person to understand the ways in which he or she feels, thinks, or acts.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 16. You observe Sally communicating with 80-year-old Gerry, who is hearing impaired. The technique used is satisfactory if Sally: a. b. c. d.

Speaks to Gerry from his doorway Speaks to Gerry in a loud tone Speaks with Gerry in a darkened room Asks Gerry for feedback verbally or in writing

Answer: d Rationale: Seeking clarification, or feedback, makes certain that the person understood what was said.

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Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 17. You overhear Jane telling her mother that she is afraid to ride over the bridge, and Jane’s mother responds, “Don’t be silly. Let’s go.” This is an example of: a. b. c. d.

Stereotyping Belittling Giving advice Giving false reassurance

Answer: b Rationale: Belittling tends to make light of a person’s fears or beliefs.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 18. Mary, an elderly patient in the nursing home, states, “They are not doing anything to help me.” Your best response would be:

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a. b. c. d.

“Don’t worry. You will feel better soon.”

“What do you want us to do?”

“We are taking good care of you.”

“Describe when you began feeling this way.”

Answer: d Rationale: The technique that uses clarification attempts to seek information necessary to better understand what is said.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 19. John, age 54, is admitted for day surgery and is anxious and tense during the procedure.

How would you respond? a. b. c. d.

“Calm down. You will be fine.”

“You will only need light anesthesia.”

“You’re not dying. Why are you thinking this way?”

“You seem to be concerned about the surgery.”

Answer: d

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Rationale: Using reflection, you can state your perception of the patient’s message.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

20. After completing morning care for Sarah, an 83-year-old patient in the nursing home, she states, “You are the only one who takes the time to care for me.” Your best response would be: a. b. c. d.

“You are still complaining, Sarah.”

“You feel others don’t take the time?”

“You are such a worrier.”

“Sarah, you know that’s not true.”

Answer: b Rationale: Communication is the best when it attempts to clarify what the person is really saying.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

NURSINGTB.COM 21. Which of the following questions is open-ended and would best help a person describe his or her pain? a. b. c. d.

“Do you have a lot of pain?”

“Does it hurt when you walk?”

“Is your pain sharp?”

“Describe what your pain is like.”

Answer: d Rationale: Open-ended questions help individuals describe their feelings.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 22. The caregiver notices that one of her patients is in her room crying. The caregiver’s best response is: a. b. c. d.

“I’m sure things will get better.”

“A good cry will make you feel better.”

“It may help to talk about what is upsetting you.”

“Crying is just a waste of time.”

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Answer: c Rationale: Listening is a valuable tool that helps individuals express their feelings.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

23. Your patient is usually very verbal. Today, you note that she is withdrawn and quiet. The best caregiver action is to: a. b. c. d.

Allow the patient to have privacy and time alone.

Attempt to offer light, superficial conversation.

State that “you need to talk about your problems.”

Spend time with her and continue to observe her behavior.

Answer: d Rationale: Observation while spending time with an individual values the person.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

NURSINGTB.COM 24. The caregiver says, “I’m not sure of the answer to your question.” This response indicates that the caregiver is: a. b. c. d.

Evasive Uninformed Genuine Nontherapeutic

Answer: c Rationale: Genuineness is being open and truthful.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 25. Touching a client suddenly without warning may be interpreted as: a. b. c. d.

Affectionate Invasive Empathic Comforting

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Answer: b Rationale: Sudden, unexpected touch may be interpreted as invasive or aggressive.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 26. Telling a client that you know exactly what the client is going through is an example of: a. b. c. d.

False reassurance Giving advice Stereotyping Agreeing

Answer: c Rationale: Stereotyping offers an insincere, superficial statement that is based on the belief that all individuals have the same feelings.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 27. When a health care worker changes thN eU suR bjeS ctIdN uriG ngTa B pa. tieC ntO inM teraction, the result may: a. b. c. d.

Foster support of the client Reduce the health care worker’s anxiety Add emphasis to the message Build trust

Answer: b Rationale: Changing the subject during a client interaction may block communication and reduce the caregiver’s anxiety.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

28. Which of the following influence(s) how a message is interpreted when a nurse is communicating with a patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Age b. Feelings c. Gender d. Attitude e. Past experience

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Answer: a, b, c, d, e Rationale: A message is best interpreted when all these factors are used.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychological Integrity 29. Which of the following comments would be nontherapeutic? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d. e.

“You should stop smoking.”

“Why are you always complaining?”

“I think you are making the right decision.”

“How are you feeling about this?”

“Let’s talk about happier times.”

Answer: a, b, c, e Rationale: Belittling, changing the subject, agreeing, and asking closed-ended questions are all considered blocks or nontherapeutic techniques.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

NURSINGTB.COM 30. A nurse promotes effective communication with patients by using principles of: a. b. c. d.

Empathy Submissiveness Power Control

Answer: a Rationale: For communication to be effective, the health care worker must show warmth, empathy, and interest and be attentive to what the patient is saying and feeling.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 31. A nurse is utilizing the best techniques of therapeutic communication with a patient experiencing a stressful event when she: a. b. c. d.

Asks her to explain why she is behaving like that Sits with the client in quiet support Asks her to be quiet and thoughtful Isolates the patient from others

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Answer: b Rationale: In a stressful event where words are not enough, a nurse supports a patient by offering themselves.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

32. A nurse has achieved the highest level of practice in the art of therapeutic communication when he (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Supports the client’s coping skills Explores his feelings Asks family members to keep the patient calm Shares his feelings with the patient Feels his goals and needs are met

Answer: a, b Rationale: A nurse has attained the highest level of communication when they follow the six principles of therapeutic communication: Listening, attentiveness, warmth, genuineness, empathy, and positive regard.

NURSINGTB.COM Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

33. Touch is a powerful tool that a nurse can use in many situations; it can be used to (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Complement verbal communication Demonstrate caring Show empathy Offer reassurance Restrain an anxious patient

Answer: a, b, c, d Rationale: Touch can evoke positive responses and can be used to place emphasis on the verbal message, demonstrate caring, show empathy, and offer reassurance.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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Chapter 3. Culture – Test Questions

1. Which of the following is not a function of culture? a. b. c. d.

Guides the way we communicate Determines our selection of health care options Determines what we can achieve Guides our interpretation of illness

Answer:

2. The purpose of transcultural nursing is to: a. b. c. d.

Decrease the need for hospitalization Promote patient satisfaction Increase home care effectiveness Promote dependency

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM 3. The way we view social concerns and problems in the culture is termed cultural: a. b. c. d.

Beliefs Values Clarification Sensitivity

Answer:

4. The way we greet each other within a culture is an example of: a. b. c. d.

Folkways Mores Laws Sanctions

Answer:

5. Race categorizes a person by:

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a. b. c. d.

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Religion Physical characteristics Disease susceptibility Financial status

Answer: 6. Learning about a patient’s ancestry is termed cultural: a. b. c. d.

Awareness Sensitivity Mores Diversity

Answer:

7. The health care worker who believes that his or her values and ways of life are superior to those of the patient is practicing: a. b. c. d.

Ethnocentrism Cultural awareness NURSINGTB.COM Cultural sensitivity Cultural mores

Answer:

8. When a person migrates to another country and takes on the practices of the dominant culture, this is considered: a. b. c. d.

Assimilation Individualism Paternalism Ethnocentrism

Answer:

9. A 70-year-old patient admitted to the nursing home speaks with a distinct accent. To determine his cultural or ethnic origin, you would: a. Assume this based on his accent b. Assume this based on his name

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c. Assume this based on his religion d. Ask him directly Answer:

10. In caring for patients from different cultures, a nurse must understand that culture is: a. b. c. d.

A learned pattern of behavior The motivating principle behind all our thinking Less dominant as we age Irrelevant in planning a person’s health needs

Answer:

11. Failure to understand and develop cultural awareness may lead to: a. b. c. d.

A misperception of a person’s feelings and responses Culturally congruent care Effective cultural communication Adaptation of a new culture

NURSINGTB.COM Answer:

12. Deeply embedded feelings that help individuals determine what is good or bad and right or wrong are referred to as: a. b. c. d.

Mores Norms Folkways Values

Answer:

13. Differences in skin color, as seen in different races, are thought to be the result of differences in: a. b. c. d.

Climate and skin pigmentation Diet and genetics Exercise and skin pigmentation Gender and genetics

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Answer:

14. The best time to introduce racial and ethnic tolerance is: a. b. c. d.

Adulthood Adolescence Early childhood Middle age

Answer:

15. Mrs. Gonzales is 10 weeks pregnant, and she tells the nurse that she has not had a visit to a medical doctor. She explains that her people prefer to use a partera for pregnancy and delivery. Which of the following responses is most culturally sensitive? a. “You should have more confidence in our physicians on staff.” b. “I would strongly suggest you consider using a medical doctor who has specialized in pregnancy.” c. “It is your decision, and please let me know if there is anything I can do to assist you.”

SI d. “The maternal and inNfaUnR tm orN taGliT tyBr. atC esOaM re lower in the United States compared with other countries that do not use trained medical doctors.”

Answer:

16. A nurse notices that a Jewish patient on her unit is in his room lighting a Shabbat candle on Friday night. The culturally sensitive response by the nurse would be: a. b. c. d.

“You are not permitted to have lit candles in this facility.”

“The fire code prohibits anyone from doing this in his or her room.”

“Didn’t you realize you could cause a serious fire in the facility?”

“Let me find out if you can light this candle in the chapel downstairs.”

Answer:

17. When caring for a patient from a different culture, the health care worker should respect the fact that: a. An individual’s decisions are always determined by his or her culture. b. Culture totally defines one’s health care needs. c. Food habits are always controlled by culture.

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d. Male and female roles are often influenced by culture.

Answer:

18. The theory of transcultural nursing was proposed by: a. b. c. d.

Jean Watson Abraham Maslow Jean Piaget Madeleine Leininger

Answer:

19. A client refuses to have any chemotherapy to treat his confirmed malignancy. He tells the nurse that his family is bringing him an herbal potion that is used in his home country. He is convinced this will cure him. The nurse’s best response is: a. b. c. d.

“This is the 21st century; we have better medicines here.”

“Do you really want to die?”

“Can you describe what this potion is made of?”

“I doubt that some olNdUreRmSeI dyNG caTnBre.aC llyOM heal you.”

Answer:

20. A nurse understands that cultural values and practices: a. b. c. d.

Change as the individual ages Never change over time Are inherited, genetic characteristics Are passed down through generations

Answer:

21. The key to understanding how a client responds to illness is understanding his or her: a. b. c. d.

Birth order Response to stress Culture Response to aging

Answer:

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22. Learning one’s culture through observation or instructions from elders within the culture is called: a. b. c. d.

Diffusion Acculturation Enculturation Globalization

Answer:

23. An individual is able to learn about the culture he or she is born into because humans have the ability to think: a. b. c. d.

Constructively Reflectively Individually Symbolically

Answer:

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24. Which of the following is a similarity found in all cultures? a. b. c. d.

Political organization Health practices Social controls Family size

Answer:

25. A nurse would expect that the greatest amount of change seen within a culture is the result of: a. b. c. d.

Borrowed cultural practice War Peace Famine

Answer:

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26. The most important symbol in a culture is: a. b. c. d.

Language Art Food Dress

Answer:

27. Which of the following gives a culture stability and security over time? a. b. c. d.

Learned behavior Integrated social patterns Shared traditions Adaptation

Answer: 28. The ability to learn a language is based on a person’s: a. b. c. d.

NURSINGTB.COM Culture Biological makeup Socialization Religious practice

Answer:

29. Cultural competence requires that the health care worker (select all that apply): a. b. c. d.

Learn about diverse cultures Take on and practice the client’s culture Be critical of all aspects of minority cultural groups Engage in continuous self-evaluation

Answer:

30. A nursing student asks the nurse instructor to explain the goal of transcultural nursing. The instructor correctly states:

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a. b. c. d.

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The nurse supports the patient’s lifestyle changes Care must include the key values of the patient’s culture The nurse’s assumption of the patient’s needs is primary The patient must be able to interpret their own health care needs

Answer:

31. The process of borrowing cultural elements from another culture and incorporating them into your own culture best describes: a. b. c. d.

Acculturation Enculturation Diffusion Adaptation

Answer:

32. A health care worker is caring for a patient who is visiting the United States for the first time. The patient sustained internal injuries after an accident and was hospitalized. To deliver competent care, it would be most appropriate to (select all that apply):

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a. Tell the patient she will be all right because you share similar beliefs b. Ask the patient if she has any special needs c. Be aware that the patient’s nonverbal cues may be different from your own d. Understand that the patient’s pain tolerance may differ from your own e. Tell the patient the faster she tries to learn this culture, the easier her hospitalization will be Answer:

33. When teaching a new Hispanic mother how to change the diaper of and provide skin care to her newborn, the nurse finds a copper coin placed on the umbilicus. Which of the following should the nurse do next? a. b. c. d.

Remove the coin and remain silent Leave the coin in place and remove it in the nursery Ask the mother about the meaning of the coin on the umbilicus Tell the mother that her baby can develop a serious infection from a dirty copper coin

Answer: Chapter 2. Culture – Test Questions With Answers and Rationales

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1. Which of the following is not a function of culture? a. b. c. d.

Guides the way we communicate Determines our selection of health care options Determines what we can achieve Guides our interpretation of illness

Answer: c Rationale: Individual achievement is based on many factors, culture being one of them.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

2. The purpose of transcultural nursing is to: a. b. c. d.

Decrease the need for hospitalization Promote patient satisfaction Increase home care effectiveness Promote dependency

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: b Rationale: Transcultural nursing reaches globally, in that it promotes the concept of “one world, many cultures.”

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

3. The way we view social concerns and problems in the culture is termed cultural: a. b. c. d.

Beliefs Values Clarification Sensitivity

Answer: d Rationale: To correctly view social concerns and problems, one must be sensitive to the cultural dynamics of the people.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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4. The way we greet each other within a culture is an example of: a. b. c. d.

Folkways Mores Laws Sanctions

Answer: a Rationale: Different cultures use different methods to greet one another. These methods are called folkways.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

5. Race categorizes a person by: a. b. c. d.

Religion Physical characteristics Disease susceptibility Financial status

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Answer: b Rationale: There are distinctive physical characteristics common to each race.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 6. Learning about a patient’s ancestry is termed cultural: a. b. c. d.

Awareness Sensitivity Mores Diversity

Answer: a Rationale: Cultural awareness refers to becoming familiar with another person’s ancestry and history. This helps one understand—not offend—another individual.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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7. The health care worker who believes that his or her values and ways of life are superior to those of the patient is practicing: a. b. c. d.

Ethnocentrism Cultural awareness Cultural sensitivity Cultural mores

Answer: a Rationale: Tolerance and understanding of someone’s culture and practices avoid ethnocentrism.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

8. When a person migrates to another country and takes on the practices of the dominant culture, this is considered: a. b. c. d.

Assimilation Individualism Paternalism Ethnocentrism

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Answer: a Rationale: Assimilation is the practice of adopting new cultural practices common to other cultures.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

9. A 70-year-old patient admitted to the nursing home speaks with a distinct accent. To determine his cultural or ethnic origin, you would: a. b. c. d.

Assume this based on his accent Assume this based on his name Assume this based on his religion Ask him directly

Answer: d Rationale: To be sure of a person’s cultural background, one should ask and not assume.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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10. In caring for patients from different cultures, a nurse must understand that culture is: a. b. c. d.

A learned pattern of behavior The motivating principle behind all our thinking Less dominant as we age Irrelevant in planning a person’s health needs

Answer: a Rationale: Understanding different cultures helps the health care worker better understand how the patient views health and illness.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

11. Failure to understand and develop cultural awareness may lead to: a. b. c. d.

A misperception of a person’s feelings and responses Culturally congruent care Effective cultural communication Adaptation of a new N cuUlR tuS reINGTB.COM

Answer: a Rationale: A lack of cultural awareness may result in a misunderstanding of a patient’s feelings and responses.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

12. Deeply embedded feelings that help individuals determine what is good or bad and right or wrong are referred to as: a. b. c. d.

Mores Norms Folkways Values

Answer: d Rationale: Values are deeply embedded feelings that form the foundation and direction of one’s actions and feelings.

Nursing Process: Assessment

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Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

13. Differences in skin color, as seen in different races, are thought to be the result of differences in: a. b. c. d.

Climate and skin pigmentation Diet and genetics Exercise and skin pigmentation Gender and genetics

Answer: a Rationale: Theorists ascribe differences in skin color to adaptation to physical elements, such as climate, that either increase or decrease skin pigmentation.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

14. The best time to introduce racial and ethnic tolerance is: a. b. c. d.

Adulthood Adolescence Early childhood Middle age

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Answer: c Rationale: To foster racial and ethnic tolerance, prejudice education should be introduced at an early age.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

15. Mrs. Gonzales is 10 weeks pregnant, and she tells the nurse that she has not had a visit to a medical doctor. She explains that her people prefer to use a partera for pregnancy and delivery. Which of the following responses is most culturally sensitive? a. “You should have more confidence in our physicians on staff.” b. “I would strongly suggest you consider using a medical doctor who has specialized in pregnancy.” c. “It is your decision, and please let me know if there is anything I can do to assist you.” d. “The maternal and infant mortality rates are lower in the United States compared with other countries that do not use trained medical doctors.”

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Answer: c Rationale: The nurse is correct to support the decision of the patient.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

16. A nurse notices that a Jewish patient on her unit is in his room lighting a Shabbat candle on Friday night. The culturally sensitive response by the nurse would be: a. b. c. d.

“You are not permitted to have lit candles in this facility.”

“The fire code prohibits anyone from doing this in his or her room.”

“Didn’t you realize you could cause a serious fire in the facility?”

“Let me find out if you can light this candle in the chapel downstairs.”

Answer: d Rationale: The nurse tries to support the needs and practices of her patient.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

NURSINGTB.COM 17. When caring for a patient from a different culture, the health care worker should respect the fact that: a. b. c. d.

An individual’s decisions are always determined by his or her culture.

Culture totally defines one’s health care needs.

Food habits are always controlled by culture.

Male and female roles are often influenced by culture.

Rationale: d Rationale: Male and female roles are influenced by cultural beliefs.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

18. The theory of transcultural nursing was proposed by: a. b. c. d.

Jean Watson Abraham Maslow Jean Piaget Madeleine Leininger

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Answer: d Rationale: Madeleine Leininger is credited with the theory of transcultural nursing.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

19. A client refuses to have any chemotherapy to treat his confirmed malignancy. He tells the nurse that his family is bringing him an herbal potion that is used in his home country. He is convinced this will cure him. The nurse’s best response is: a. b. c. d.

“This is the 21st century; we have better medicines here.”

“Do you really want to die?”

“Can you describe what this potion is made of?”

“I doubt that some old remedy can really heal you.”

Answer: c Rationale: Caregivers must take into account a client’s specific cultural remedies.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

NURSINGTB.COM 20. A nurse understands that cultural values and practices: a. b. c. d.

Change as the individual ages Never change over time Are inherited, genetic characteristics Are passed down through generations

Answer: d Rationale: Cultural values and practices are learned and passed down through generations.

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21. The key to understanding how a client responds to illness is understanding his or her: a. b. c. d.

Birth order Response to stress Culture Response to aging

Answer: c

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Rationale: The key to understanding how a client will respond to illness and the sick role is learned within their cultural group.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychological Integrity 22. Learning one’s culture through observation or instructions from elders within the culture is called: a. b. c. d.

Diffusion Acculturation Enculturation Globalization

Answer: c Rationale: The process of learning one’s culture from elders in the culture by instruction or observation is called enculturation.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychological Integrity

NURSINGTB.COM 23. An individual is able to learn about the culture he or she is born into because humans have the ability to think: a. b. c. d.

Constructively Reflectively Individually Symbolically

Answer: d Rationale: Humans, unlike other animals, learn the culture they are born into because of their ability to think symbolically, meaning that humans have the ability to think of a tree even when one is not visible.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychological Integrity

24. Which of the following is a similarity found in all cultures? a. Political organization b. Health practices c. Social controls

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d. Family size Answer: c Rationale: All cultures are similar in establishing social controls within the family unit.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychological Integrity

25. A nurse would expect that the greatest amount of change seen within a culture is the result of: a. b. c. d.

Borrowed cultural practice War Peace Famine

Answer: a Rationale: The greatest amount of change in a culture occurs when cultural traits are borrowed from another culture.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: PsychologN icU alRInStI egNriG tyT|B.COM

26. The most important symbol in a culture is: a. b. c. d.

Language Art Food Dress

Answer: a Rationale: A culture has many symbols, but the most important one is language, as culture is stored and transmitted through it.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychological Integrity

27. Which of the following gives a culture stability and security over time? a. Learned behavior b. Integrated social patterns c. Shared traditions

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d. Adaptation Answer: c Traditional: Shared traditions lend security and stability to a culture.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychological Integrity 28. The ability to learn a language is based on a person’s: a. b. c. d.

Culture Biological makeup Socialization Religious practice

Answer: b Rationale: The ability to speak a language is based on learning within the culture, but the ability to learn a language is based on biological makeup or intellect.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychological Integrity

NURSINGTB.COM 29. Cultural competence requires that the health care worker (select all that apply): a. b. c. d.

Learn about diverse cultures Take on and practice the client’s culture Be critical of all aspects of minority cultural groups Engage in continuous self-evaluation

Answer: a, d Rationale: To be culturally competent and nonjudgmental, the health care worker must learn about the client’s culture and engage in continuous self-evaluation.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychological Integrity

30. A nursing student asks the nurse instructor to explain the goal of transcultural nursing. The instructor correctly states: a. The nurse supports the patient’s lifestyle changes b. Care must include the key values of the patient’s culture

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c. The nurse’s assumption of the patient’s needs is primary d. The patient must be able to interpret their own health care needs Answer: b Rationale: The nurse must value and respect the patient’s culture.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

31. The process of borrowing cultural elements from another culture and incorporating them into your own culture best describes: a. b. c. d.

Acculturation Enculturation Diffusion Adaptation

Answer: a Rationale: The term acculturation best describes the process by which a culture exchanges values and beliefs.

NeUnRt SINGTB.COM Nursing Process: Assessm Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 32. A health care worker is caring for a patient who is visiting the United States for the first time. The patient sustained internal injuries after an accident and was hospitalized. To deliver competent care, it would be most appropriate to (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Tell the patient she will be all right because you share similar beliefs Ask the patient if she has any special needs Be aware that the patient’s nonverbal cues may be different from your own Understand that the patient’s pain tolerance may differ from your own Tell the patient the faster she tries to learn this culture, the easier her hospitalization will be

Answer: b, c, d Rationale: Cultural competence is a conscious process whereby a health care worker learns about the patient’s culture in order to deliver competent health care.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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33. When teaching a new Hispanic mother how to change the diaper of and provide skin care to her newborn, the nurse finds a copper coin placed on the umbilicus. Which of the following should the nurse do next? a. b. c. d.

Remove the coin and remain silent Leave the coin in place and remove it in the nursery Ask the mother about the meaning of the coin on the umbilicus Tell the mother that her baby can develop a serious infection from a dirty copper coin

Answer: c Rationale: Cultural values and practices are learned and passed down through generations and have meaning for the individual; therefore, there is meaning in every action. The nurse’s first action is to learn why the coin is on the umbilicus; the coin can be cleaned later.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychological Integrity

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Chapter 4. The Family – Test Questions

1. Margaret Giddings, the senior member of her family, wants to know how she can best protect her family from illness. The nurse could instruct her to have them: a. b. c. d.

Have periodic health screenings Decrease exercise Fortify their diet with saturated fats Ignore periodic stress

Answer:

2. Angie has a 2-year-old child and asks how she can instill good discipline. You would tell her to: a. b. c. d.

Disregard temper tantrums Provide unsupervised play periods Calmly say no to change behavior Offer several choices

Answer:

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3. A functional family is one that: a. b. c. d.

Isolates disruptive members Frowns upon low achievers Fosters growth and development Compares and contrasts the accomplishments of its members

Answer: 4. Four-year-old Henry’s parents were separated for several months and are now divorced. He may likely experience feelings of: a. b. c. d.

Relief Contentment Jealousy Abandonment

Answer:

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5. A middle-aged couple was admitted to the hospital after a motor vehicle accident. Two days later, the husband expired. While observing a staff member offering grief support, which of the following actions is noted to be correct? a. b. c. d.

She states that “death happens to everyone at some time.”

She states that “maybe your husband was driving too fast.”

She tells the patient to “act strong.”

She says little but stays with the patient.

Answer:

6. Mary, age 30, just experienced the untimely death of her father. You might expect her to immediately exhibit feelings of: a. b. c. d.

Anger Shock Ambivalence Euphoria

Answer:

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7. Two common bonds that hold a family together are: a. b. c. d.

Persuasion and fortitude Attachment and commitment Aggression and firmness Love and hate

Answer:

8. Which of the following is a stage of family development? a. b. c. d.

Denial Withdrawal Negativism Reproduction

Answer:

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9. Four-year-old Sam is the second child of Jim and Pat Gates. How may Sam’s place in the family affect his development? a. b. c. d.

Sam will believe he has unlimited power over his other siblings Sam will feel a need to compete with his other siblings Sam will more easily mimic the behavior of adults around him Sam will believe he must have the attention of both parents and all siblings

Answer:

10. In a laissez-faire–type family pattern, 9-year-old Jane would: a. b. c. d.

Be used to her parents making all the decisions Be able to participate in decision-making Have complete freedom in making all decisions Have all decisions reviewed and modified

Answer: 11. A function basic to all families is the need to:

NURSINGTB.COM a. b. c. d.

Direct members Punish members Judge members Protect members

Answer:

12. An example of a break in family structure is: a. b. c. d.

Divorce Remarriage Illness Unemployment

Answer:

13. Reproduction provides the family with a means of: a. Readiness b. Division

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c. Structure d. Survival Answer:

14. Melvin Carey, a 22-year-old nurse, is employed in the intensive care unit. When interacting with patients’ families, he must be which of the following? a. b. c. d.

Sympathetic Aggressive Unyielding Nonjudgmental

Answer:

15. Millicent, age 30, is being discharged from the hospital after being treated for depression.

The nurse has encouraged the family to spend time together because this will lead to: a. b. c. d.

Awareness Cohesiveness Disengagement Fulfillment

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer:

16. Jeremy, age 4, lives with his mother, father, and 6-month-old sister. This living arrangement describes the: a. b. c. d.

Blended family Nuclear family Reconstituted family Cohabitative family

Answer:

17. One of the major advantages of the extended family is: a. b. c. d.

There is always close attachment between all members All financial concerns are eliminated Roles and resources are shared All members generally enjoy better health

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Answer:

18. To resolve a family conflict, members must be able to: a. b. c. d.

Have open communication Confront each member Avoid further interaction Isolate each member

Answer: 19. The “empty nest” is best described as the: a. b. c. d.

Time parents begin to age Arrival of the firstborn in the family Time grown children leave home Time the first child begins school

Answer:

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20. A dysfunctional family is one that is: a. b. c. d.

Unable to meet the family’s needs Able to foster the growth and development of its members Unable to enhance the intelligence of its members Able to improve its members’ ability to socialize

Answer:

21. The family is the primary socializing agent for the child. For the family to be successful, it should help in: a. b. c. d.

The identification of gender roles The regulation of behavior according to societal standards The identification of learning The development of ethics

Answer:

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22. Divorce is a known stressor for the family unit. Which of the following responses by the nurse would best support the individual’s decision to divorce? a. b. c. d.

“You should try and stay in the marriage at least until your children are older.”

“I would have left him long ago.”

“Explain to the children that they are not to blame for the marriage failing.”

“I have a good divorce lawyer to recommend to you.”

Answer:

23. After birth, a child is given immunization as a way of: a. b. c. d.

Preventing genetically inherited diseases Providing protection against current infectious diseases Protecting the child from physical injury Providing mental stability

Answer: 24. Which of the following is an accepted method of disciplining a toddler?

NURSINGTB.COM a. Redirecting the child’s actions b. Allowing the child to continue a potentially hazardous behavior under direct supervision c. Slapping the child on the hands to terminate the behavior d. Threatening the child Answer:

25. The nurse recognizes that a functional family displays which of the following characteristics? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d. e.

Fulfillment of emotional needs Support of all members Freedom to grow and explore Isolation and fear Blame for failures or actions

Answer:

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26. The health care worker arrives at the home of a diabetic patient. His daughter asks you to help with a problem. The most important response(s) by the health care worker is/are (select all that apply): a. b. c. d.

“Who in the family is most concerned about the problem?”

“How frequently does this problem occur?”

“Can you share the problem with me?”

“I don’t think you should be worried about anything.”

Answer:

27. An elderly male client is admitted to the nursing home accompanied by his wife and son.

The best way for the nurse to engage the family in the admission process is by: a. b. c. d.

Telling them not to worry; the patient will be well cared for Asking them to share the patient’s home routine Directing your communication to the wife and son Asking the patient if he has any complaints about his room

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM 28. Susan describes her family pattern as authoritative. You understand this to mean that family members: a. b. c. d.

Can make suggestions during decision-making Decide which college she will attend Make all decisions for each other Help decide which friends she can hang out with

Answer:

29. Josephine, age 28, is admitted to the hospital after a motor vehicle accident that occurred while her 6-year-old twins were in the car. She tells you she is recently divorced and asks you to call her mother to see if she picked up her children. You return to tell her that her children are with her mother and are fine. When she responds, “They are better off with my mother anyway because I can’t get anything right,” the best response by the nurse is: a. b. c. d.

“You feel you are not a good mother.”

“You should be glad they are alive.”

“You seem like a good mother to me.”

“I have seen many mothers in your situation who wouldn’t care where their children are.”

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Answer: Chapter 3. The Family – Test Questions With Answers and Rationales

1. Margaret Giddings, the senior member of her family, wants to know how she can best protect her family from illness. The nurse could instruct her to have them: a. b. c. d.

Have periodic health screenings Decrease exercise Fortify their diet with saturated fats Ignore periodic stress

Answer: a Rationale: Early detection through periodic health screenings helps to treat or reduce the severity of illnesses.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 2. Angie has a 2-year-oldNcUhR ildSaInNdGaT skB s. hoCwOM she can instill good discipline. You would tell her to: a. b. c. d.

Disregard temper tantrums Provide unsupervised play periods Calmly say no to change behavior Offer several choices

Answer: d Rationale: Two-year-olds can handle simple choices better than a directive because it gives them a sense of control.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

3. A functional family is one that: a. b. c. d.

Isolates disruptive members Frowns upon low achievers Fosters growth and development Compares and contrasts the accomplishments of its members

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Answer: c Rationale: A major goal of the family is to help its members reach their full potential.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 4. Four-year-old Henry’s parents were separated for several months and are now divorced. He may likely experience feelings of: a. b. c. d.

Relief Contentment Jealousy Abandonment

Answer: d Rationale: Four-year-olds tend to worry that they could be left alone or abandoned by their parents after a divorce or separation.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

NURSINGTB.COM 5. A middle-aged couple was admitted to the hospital after a motor vehicle accident. Two days later, the husband expired. While observing a staff member offering grief support, which of the following actions is noted to be correct? a. b. c. d.

She states that “death happens to everyone at some time.”

She states that “maybe your husband was driving too fast.”

She tells the patient to “act strong.”

She says little but stays with the patient.

Answer: d Rationale: Using silence can tell the patient you are focusing on him or her and what he or she is saying.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

6. Mary, age 30, just experienced the untimely death of her father. You might expect her to immediately exhibit feelings of: a. Anger b. Shock

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c. Ambivalence d. Euphoria Answer: b Rationale: Shock and disbelief are the initial responses after an untimely death.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

7. Two common bonds that hold a family together are: a. b. c. d.

Persuasion and fortitude Attachment and commitment Aggression and firmness Love and hate

Answer: b Rationale: Families experience high and low periods and are kept together by feelings of attachment and a sense of commitment.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: PsychosocN iaU l IRnS teI grN itG y TB.COM

8. Which of the following is a stage of family development? a. Denial b. Withdrawal c. Negativism d. Reproduction Answer: d Rationale: The stages of the family include couple, childbearing (reproduction), grown child, and older family.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 9. Four-year-old Sam is the second child of Jim and Pat Gates. How may Sam’s place in the family affect his development? a. Sam will believe he has unlimited power over his other siblings b. Sam will feel a need to compete with his other siblings c. Sam will more easily mimic the behavior of adults around him

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d. Sam will believe he must have the attention of both parents and all siblings Answer: b Rationale: Children with siblings have to learn to share and try to compete for their parents’ attention.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

10. In a laissez-faire–type family pattern, 9-year-old Jane would: a. b. c. d.

Be used to her parents making all the decisions Be able to participate in decision-making Have complete freedom in making all decisions Have all decisions reviewed and modified

Answer: c Rationale: Laissez-faire types of families allow their members complete freedom in decisionmaking.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: PsychosocN iaU l IRnS teI grN itG y TB.COM

11. A function basic to all families is the need to: a. b. c. d.

Direct members Punish members Judge members Protect members

Answer: d Rationale: Protection is the most basic need of all families. Once this is accomplished, other needs can be addressed.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

12. An example of a break in family structure is: a. Divorce b. Remarriage c. Illness

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d. Unemployment Answer: a Rationale: Anything such as death, divorce, or separation can cause instability in the family structure.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

13. Reproduction provides the family with a means of: a. b. c. d.

Readiness Division Structure Survival

Answer: d Rationale: Families survive and pass on their genes by reproducing.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

NURSINGTB.COM 14. Melvin Carey, a 22-year-old nurse, is employed in the intensive care unit. When interacting with patients’ families, he must be which of the following? a. b. c. d.

Sympathetic Aggressive Unyielding Nonjudgmental

Answer: d Rationale: Families and patients must be treated with a nonjudgmental approach.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

15. Millicent, age 30, is being discharged from the hospital after being treated for depression.

The nurse has encouraged the family to spend time together because this will lead to: a. Awareness b. Cohesiveness c. Disengagement

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d. Fulfillment Answer: b Rationale: Families can be a great source of support for patients.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

16. Jeremy, age 4, lives with his mother, father, and 6-month-old sister. This living arrangement describes the: a. b. c. d.

Blended family Nuclear family Reconstituted family Cohabitative family

Answer: b Rationale: The nuclear family consists of a mother, father, and their children.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

NURSINGTB.COM 17. One of the major advantages of the extended family is: a. b. c. d.

There is always close attachment between all members All financial concerns are eliminated Roles and resources are shared All members generally enjoy better health

Answer: c Rationale: Extended families permit a better distribution of family roles.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

18. To resolve a family conflict, members must be able to: a. b. c. d.

Have open communication Confront each member Avoid further interaction Isolate each member

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Answer: a Rationale: Open communication fosters a sharing of information and the chance for conflict resolution.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 19. The “empty nest” is best described as the: a. b. c. d.

Time parents begin to age Arrival of the firstborn in the family Time grown children leave home Time the first child begins school

Answer: c Rationale: The period in which grown children leave the home is referred to as the empty nest period.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

NURSINGTB.COM 20. A dysfunctional family is one that is: a. b. c. d.

Unable to meet the family’s needs Able to foster the growth and development of its members Unable to enhance the intelligence of its members Able to improve its members’ ability to socialize

Answer: a Rationale: All families experience stresses. A dysfunctional family is unable to assist its members in meeting their needs.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

21. The family is the primary socializing agent for the child. For the family to be successful, it should help in: a. b. c. d.

The identification of gender roles The regulation of behavior according to societal standards The identification of learning The development of ethics

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Answer: b Rationale: Socialization teaches individuals how to interact with their environment.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

22. Divorce is a known stressor for the family unit. Which of the following responses by the nurse would best support the individual’s decision to divorce? a. b. c. d.

“You should try and stay in the marriage at least until your children are older.”

“I would have left him long ago.”

“Explain to the children that they are not to blame for the marriage failing.”

“I have a good divorce lawyer to recommend to you.”

Answer: c Rationale: The nurse should refrain from giving advice to individuals. Information that can assist a person with his or her decision can support and direct without influencing the individual.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health ProN mUoR tioSnIaN ndGT MBai.nC teO naMnce

23. After birth, a child is given immunization as a way of: a. b. c. d.

Preventing genetically inherited diseases Providing protection against current infectious diseases Protecting the child from physical injury Providing mental stability

Answer: b Rationale: Immunization protects the child against currently known infections.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Health Promotion

24. Which of the following is an accepted method of disciplining a toddler? a. Redirecting the child’s actions b. Allowing the child to continue a potentially hazardous behavior under direct supervision c. Slapping the child on the hands to terminate the behavior

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d. Threatening the child

Answer: a Rationale: Appropriate discipline for a toddler involves redirecting the child’s action, removing the child from the area, or giving a time-out.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychological Integrity

25. The nurse recognizes that a functional family displays which of the following characteristics? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d. e.

Fulfillment of emotional needs Support of all members Freedom to grow and explore Isolation and fear Blame for failures or actions

Answer: a, b, c Rationale: Functional families are able to support members, encourage their growth and exploration, and help theN mUmReSetItN heGirTeBm.oC tioOnMal needs.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

26. The health care worker arrives at the home of a diabetic patient. His daughter asks you to help with a problem. The most important response(s) by the health care worker is/are (select all that apply): a. b. c. d.

“Who in the family is most concerned about the problem?”

“How frequently does this problem occur?”

“Can you share the problem with me?”

“I don’t think you should be worried about anything.”

Answer: a, b, c Rationale: The nurse provides support to the family by fostering open communication.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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27. An elderly male client is admitted to the nursing home accompanied by his wife and son.

The best way for the nurse to engage the family in the admission process is by: a. b. c. d.

Telling them not to worry; the patient will be well cared for Asking them to share the patient’s home routine Directing your communication to the wife and son Asking the patient if he has any complaints about his room

Answer: b Rationale: The nurse must recognize that the patient is a member of a family unit and should not be isolated from the unit’s members.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

28. Susan describes her family pattern as authoritative. You understand this to mean that family members: a. b. c. d.

Can make suggestions during decision-making Decide which college she will attend Make all decisions for each other Help decide whicN hU frR ieS ndIsNsG heTcBa. nC haOnM g out with

Answer: a Rationale: The authoritative family pattern operates under a philosophy of mutual respect and individual responsibility.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

29. Josephine, age 28, is admitted to the hospital after a motor vehicle accident that occurred while her 6-year-old twins were in the car. She tells you she is recently divorced and asks you to call her mother to see if she picked up her children. You return to tell her that her children are with her mother and are fine. When she responds, “They are better off with my mother anyway because I can’t get anything right,” the best response by the nurse is: a. b. c. d.

“You feel you are not a good mother.”

“You should be glad they are alive.”

“You seem like a good mother to me.”

“I have seen many mothers in your situation who wouldn’t care where their children are.”

Answer: a

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Rationale: An open-ended question allows the patient to get in touch with their feelings and permits further exploration.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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Chapter 5. Theories of Growth and Development – Test Questions

1. Nancy, age 3, is being seen in the managed care clinic. As part of the yearly health screen, the nurse assesses her patterns of growth and development. Development is assessed based on: a. b. c. d.

How many inches she has grown How much she weighs What skills she has acquired Her head circumference

Answer:

2. Which of the following describes the characteristic pattern of growth and development? a. b. c. d.

Progresses from complex to simple Occurs at the same rate for each person Can be slow and steady with rapid periods Only affects physical changes

Answer:

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3. Maturation occurs: a. b. c. d.

Without training With practice Quickly With experience

Answer:

4. Cephalocaudal development progresses from: a. b. c. d.

Center outward Head toward the toes Outward to within Inside to outside

Answer:

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5. Personality is best defined as: a. b. c. d.

The part of the mind that avoids conflict A pattern of behavior unique to an individual The focus that enhances the quality of one’s life The quality and intensity of one’s feelings

Answer: 6. According to Freud, experiences that are reality-based, logical, and in one’s immediate awareness are in the: a. b. c. d.

Conscious Unconscious Subconscious Preconscious

Answer: 7. According to Freud, thNeUdR rivSiI ngNfG oT rcB e. beChO inM d all human behavior is the: a. b. c. d.

Id Ego Superego Preconscious mind

Answer: 8. Freud’s psyche receives its energy from the: a. b. c. d.

Conscience Libido Ego Superego

Answer:

9. The conscience is often referred to as the: a. Ego

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b. Superego c. Id d. Libido Answer:

10. Jeremy regularly goes to the mental health clinic. He has a history of personality disorder with childlike behavior. This can result from: a. b. c. d.

Unrestrained id dominance Overdeveloped superego Conflict with the ego Unresolved Electra complex

Answer:

11. Which of the following describes defense mechanisms? a. b. c. d.

They are reflex mechanisms They help cope with anxiety They are cause-and-eNffUeR ctSreIsN poGnT seBs.COM They are manipulative responses

Answer:

12. After a traumatic car accident, the driver cannot remember any of the details. A common defense mechanism that could explain this is known as: a. b. c. d.

Rationalization Compensation Repression Reaction formation

Answer:

13. An attempt to make up for an unconsciously perceived inadequacy by excelling at something else is known as: a. Identification b. Compensation c. Sublimation

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d. Projection Answer:

14. When a young man attempts to see a new movie that just opened, he is turned away, as the tickets are all sold out. He responds by saying, “It doesn’t really matter. The movie was probably overrated by the reviewers.” The young man is probably: a. b. c. d.

Repressing Regressing Rationalizing Compensating

Answer:

15. When a young girl reached high school, she chose track as an extracurricular activity, just as her older sister had done a few years earlier. The young girl is probably using: a. b. c. d.

Compensation Rationalization Reaction formation NURSINGTB.COM Identification

Answer:

16. Mr. and Mrs. Banks complain to the nurse that 5-year-old Bryan is obsessive and openly exposes himself and masturbates. According to Freud, Bryan is in which stage of psychosocial development? a. b. c. d.

Anal Phallic Latency Genital

Answer:

17. According to Erikson, the foundation of a healthy personality is: a. Trust b. Autonomy c. Intimacy

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d. Ego integrity Answer:

18. Erikson believes that 5-year-old Devon should be mastering the task of: a. b. c. d.

Trust Autonomy Initiative Industry

Answer:

19. The egocentric child: a. b. c. d.

Is focused on himself or herself Feels separate and alone Has a need to be loved by others Is threatened by others

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM

20. According to Piaget, a person begins to understand the principle that matter can take many forms in the: a. b. c. d.

Sensorimotor stage Preoperational stage Concrete stage Formal stage

Answer:

21. Twenty-year-old Timothy is unable to bond with others or develop any meaningful relationship. Timothy would be unable to meet which of Maslow’s needs? a. b. c. d.

Physiological Safety Belonging Self-esteem

Answer:

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22. A 72-year-old patient with congestive heart failure is complaining of dyspnea. He would be unable to satisfy which of the following needs? a. b. c. d.

Self-actualization Physiological Safety Belonging

Answer: 23. In Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, a child’s moral reasoning begins because of a need to: a. b. c. d.

Avoid punishment Gain love and support from others Seek self-satisfaction Reduce feelings of ambivalence

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM

24. According to Maslow, self-actualization is achieved when a person is: a. b. c. d.

Uncomfortable in the presence of strangers Able to recognize the need to excel in whatever he or she does Self-fulfilled and strives to reach his or her potential Firm and unbending in his or her ideas

Answer:

25. Nurse Clarke is assisting with assessment at the pediatric clinic. Her correct recall of growth and development is that they are: a. b. c. d.

Independent of each other An interdependent process Events that take place at the same time The same for all children

Answer:

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26. Two parents are describing the process of maturation to their children. Which statement about maturation is correct? a. b. c. d.

Skills are acquired through practice It is the unfolding of moral and intellectual capacity It is the acquisition of knowledge It is the unfolding of a child’s potential regardless of practice and training

Answer: 27. Two major influences on one’s growth and development patterns are: a. b. c. d.

Heredity and environment Age and religion Race and ethnicity Mental and intellectual skills

Answer:

28. A newborn infant sucNkU sR auStoImNaG tiT caB ll. yC onOiMts mother’s breast. This is an example of: a. Schemata b. Reflexes c. Conditioning d. Assimilation Answer:

29. When a young child from a troubled family acts as though stress does not exist, he is using which coping skill? a. b. c. d.

Repression Regression Compensation Denial

Answer:

30. A 4-year-old reacts to the birth of a baby brother by wetting his bed at night and sucking his thumb. These coping mechanisms are called:

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a. b. c. d.

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Repression Suppression Denial Regression

Answer:

31. An 84-year-old woman has just moved to an assisted living apartment. She is anxious about leaving her home and friends and meeting new people. What level of Maslow’s hierarchy is she struggling with? a. b. c. d.

Physiological Safety and security Love and belonging Self-actualization

Answer: 32. Gilligan is a critic of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. One difference between RiS Males are more concerned with: males and females cited bNyUG lliIgN anGiT sB th. atCfO em a. b. c. d.

Morality and justice Relationships and intimacy Regulation and punishment Abstract reasoning

Answer: 33. The nurse recognizes that, according to Freud’s theory, the 5-year-old boy who says, “When I’m bigger, I want to marry you, Mommy,” is demonstrating: a. b. c. d.

Sublimation Wishful thinking Displacement The Oedipal complex

Answer: 34. The neonatal nurse tells you baby Henry is going through Freud’s oral stage of psychosocial development after witnessing which behavior?

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a. b. c. d.

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Crying when the mother leaves the room Sucking of the thumb Difficulty burping Regurgitation after feeds

Answer:

35. When a child develops logical thinking, she has accomplished which of the following? a. b. c. d.

Erickson’s autonomy stage Piaget’s concrete operational stage Maslow’s safety needs Kohlberg’s preconventional stage

Answer: 36. Four-year-old Sarah takes on her mother’s role in a play group. The health care worker understands she is demonstrating which of Freud’s theories? a. b. c. d.

Oedipal complexNURSINGTB.COM Latency Electra complex Genital stage

Answer:

37. Piaget describes a thought pattern in a child in which they believe an object like a table has feelings as: a. b. c. d.

Reversibility Animism Egocentrism Object permanence

Answer: Chapter 5. Theories of Growth and Development – Test Questions With Answers and Rationales

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1. Nancy, age 3, is being seen in the managed care clinic. As part of the yearly health screen, the nurse assesses her patterns of growth and development. Development is assessed based on: a. b. c. d.

How many inches she has grown How much she weighs What skills she has acquired Her head circumference

Answer: c Rationale: Development refers to the acquisition of skills.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

2. Which of the following describes the characteristic pattern of growth and development? a. b. c. d.

Progresses from complex to simple Occurs at the same rate for each person Can be slow and steady with rapid periods Only affects physical changes

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: c Rationale: Depending on the stage and individual, growth and development patterns generally alternate between periods of steady and periods of rapid growth and development.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

3. Maturation occurs: a. b. c. d.

Without training With practice Quickly With experience

Answer: a Rationale: Maturation is the unfolding of skills regardless of practice or training.

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4. Cephalocaudal development progresses from: a. b. c. d.

Center outward Head toward the toes Outward to within Inside to outside

Answer: b Rationale: Cephalocaudal is a directional term meaning from head to toe.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

5. Personality is best defined as: a. b. c. d.

The part of the mind that avoids conflict A pattern of behavior unique to an individual The focus that enhances the quality of one’s life The quality and intensity of one’s feelings

Answer: b Rationale: Personality is N thUeRuS niI quNeGsT tyB le.oCf O beMhavior that differs from one person to another.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 6. According to Freud, experiences that are reality-based, logical, and in one’s immediate awareness are in the: a. b. c. d.

Conscious Unconscious Subconscious Preconscious

Answer: a Rationale: The term conscious refers to that which is in one’s immediate awareness.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

7. According to Freud, the driving force behind all human behavior is the:

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a. b. c. d.

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Id Ego Superego Preconscious mind

Answer: a Rationale: Id refers to the most primitive drives and urges that help dictate our behavior.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 8. Freud’s psyche receives its energy from the: a. b. c. d.

Conscience Libido Ego Superego

Answer: b Rationale: According to Freud, the libido is the driving force behind most human behavior.

NeUnRt SINGTB.COM Nursing Process: Assessm Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 9. The conscience is often referred to as the: a. b. c. d.

Ego Superego Id Libido

Answer: b Rationale: The superego, or conscience, is that part of the mind that helps dictate right from wrong.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

10. Jeremy regularly goes to the mental health clinic. He has a history of personality disorder with childlike behavior. This can result from: a. Unrestrained id dominance

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b. Overdeveloped superego c. Conflict with the ego d. Unresolved Electra complex Answer: a Rationale: Id forces are primitive, or childlike, and demand immediate gratification.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

11. Which of the following describes defense mechanisms? a. b. c. d.

They are reflex mechanisms They help cope with anxiety They are cause-and-effect responses They are manipulative responses

Answer: b Rationale: Defense mechanisms help individuals cope with the threat of anxiety or stress.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: PsychosocN iaU l IRnS teI grN itG y TB.COM

12. After a traumatic car accident, the driver cannot remember any of the details. A common defense mechanism that could explain this is known as: a. b. c. d.

Rationalization Compensation Repression Reaction formation

Answer: c Rationale: Repression is an unconscious mechanism whereby unpleasant experiences are kept out of one’s awareness.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

13. An attempt to make up for an unconsciously perceived inadequacy by excelling at something else is known as: a. Identification

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b. Compensation c. Sublimation d. Projection Answer: b Rationale: Compensation is a mental mechanism that allows the person to make up for deficiencies in one area by excelling in another.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

14. When a young man attempts to see a new movie that just opened, he is turned away, as the tickets are all sold out. He responds by saying, “It doesn’t really matter. The movie was probably overrated by the reviewers.” The young man is probably: a. b. c. d.

Repressing Regressing Rationalizing Compensating

Answer: c Im NG Rationale: RationalizatioN nU isRcS om onTlyBu.sC edOtMo help save face or give an excuse.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

15. When a young girl reached high school, she chose track as an extracurricular activity, just as her older sister had done a few years earlier. The young girl is probably using: a. b. c. d.

Compensation Rationalization Reaction formation Identification

Answer: d Rationale: Identification is a mechanism by which one takes on the personality or traits of another person held in high esteem.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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16. Mr. and Mrs. Banks complain to the nurse that 5-year-old Bryan is obsessive and openly exposes himself and masturbates. According to Freud, Bryan is in which stage of psychosocial development? a. b. c. d.

Anal Phallic Latency Genital

Answer: b Rationale: Preoccupation with one’s genitals and masturbation is common during the phallic stage.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

17. According to Erikson, the foundation of a healthy personality is: a. b. c. d.

Trust Autonomy Intimacy Ego integrity

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer: a Rationale: The foundation of a healthy personality is trust.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

18. Erikson believes that 5-year-old Devon should be mastering the task of: a. b. c. d.

Trust Autonomy Initiative Industry

Answer: c Rationale: Five-year-old children are highly motivated in thought and play.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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19. The egocentric child: a. b. c. d.

Is focused on himself or herself Feels separate and alone Has a need to be loved by others Is threatened by others

Answer: a Rationale: Egocentrism is a preoccupation with the self.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

20. According to Piaget, a person begins to understand the principle that matter can take many forms in the: a. b. c. d.

Sensorimotor stage Preoperational stage Concrete stage Formal stage

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: c Rationale: Abstract thoughts and concepts become more understandable during the concrete stage.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

21. Twenty-year-old Timothy is unable to bond with others or develop any meaningful relationship. Timothy would be unable to meet which of Maslow’s needs? a. b. c. d.

Physiological Safety Belonging Self-esteem

Answer: c Rationale: A sense of belonging is fostered by relationships.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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22. A 72-year-old patient with congestive heart failure is complaining of dyspnea. He would be unable to satisfy which of the following needs? a. b. c. d.

Self-actualization Physiological Safety Belonging

Answer: b Rationale: Physiological needs are those necessary for survival.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 23. In Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, a child’s moral reasoning begins because of a need to: a. b. c. d.

Avoid punishment Gain love and support from others Seek self-satisfaction Reduce feelings of ambivalence

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: b Rationale: Moral development begins with the child’s need for love and acceptance.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

24. According to Maslow, self-actualization is achieved when the person is: a. b. c. d.

Uncomfortable in the presence of strangers Able to recognize the need to excel in whatever he or she does Self-fulfilled and strives to reach his or her potential Firm and unbending in his or her ideas

Answer: c Rationale: Self-actualizers are self-fulfilled and strive to achieve their full potential.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

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25. Nurse Clarke is assisting with assessment at the pediatric clinic. Her correct recall of growth and development is that they are: a. b. c. d.

Independent of each other An interdependent process Events that take place at the same time The same for all children

Answer: b Rationale: Growth and development occur simultaneously and are interdependent. Without growth, new skills cannot be acquired.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

26. Two parents are describing the process of maturation to their children. Which statement about maturation is correct? a. b. c. d.

Skills are acquired through practice It is the unfolding of moral and intellectual capacity It is the acquisition of knowledge It is the unfolding ofNaUcR hiS ldI ’sNpGoT teB nt. iaC lO reM gardless of practice and training

Answer: d Rationale: Maturation is the unfolding of potential regardless of practice or training.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 27. Two major influences on one’s growth and development patterns are: a. b. c. d.

Heredity and environment Age and religion Race and ethnicity Mental and intellectual skills

Answer: a Rationale: Both heredity and environment have an influence on one’s growth and development patterns.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

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28. A newborn infant sucks automatically on its mother’s breast. This is an example of: a. b. c. d.

Schemata Reflexes Conditioning Assimilation

Answer: b Rationale: At birth, the infant first responds with reflexes.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

29. When a young child from a troubled family acts as though stress does not exist, he is using which coping skill? a. b. c. d.

Repression Regression Compensation Denial

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer: d Rationale: Denial is the mechanism by which unpleasant things are forced out of one’s immediate attention.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

30. A 4-year-old reacts to the birth of a baby brother by wetting his bed at night and sucking his thumb. These coping mechanisms are called: a. b. c. d.

Repression Suppression Denial Regression

Answer: d Rationale: Regression is a defense mechanism by which the individual returns to an earlier developmental stage during stressful periods.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

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31. An 84-year-old woman has just moved to an assisted living apartment. She is anxious about leaving her home and friends and meeting new people. What level of Maslow’s hierarchy is she struggling with? a. b. c. d.

Physiological Safety and security Love and belonging Self-actualization

Answer: c Rationale: All individuals strive to have a sense of belonging.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 32. Gilligan is a critic of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. One difference between males and females cited by Gilligan is that females are more concerned with: a. b. c. d.

Morality and justice UaRcS Relationships and intNim y INGTB.COM Regulation and punishment Abstract reasoning

Answer: b Rationale: Gilligan believes that females develop morality differently than males, in that they are more concerned with relationships and intimacy, whereas males focus on morality and justice.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 33. The nurse recognizes that, according to Freud’s theory, the 5-year-old boy who says, “When I’m bigger, I want to marry you, Mommy,” is demonstrating: a. b. c. d.

Sublimation Wishful thinking Displacement The Oedipal complex

Answer: d Rationale: Oedipal complex refers to the boy’s unconscious sexual attraction to his mother.

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Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 34. The neonatal nurse tells you baby Henry is going through Freud’s oral stage of psychosocial development after witnessing which behavior? a. b. c. d.

Crying when the mother leaves the room Sucking of the thumb Difficulty burping Regurgitation after feeds

Answer: b Rationale: Thumb sucking is part of the oral stage of development, when the mouth is the center of pleasure.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 35. When a child develops logical thinking, she has accomplished which of the following?

NURSINGTB.COM a. b. c. d.

Erickson’s autonomy stage Piaget’s concrete operational stage Maslow’s safety needs Kohlberg’s preconventional stage

Answer: b Rationale: During the concrete operational stage, the child utilizes logical thinking.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 36. Four-year-old Sarah takes on her mother’s role in a play group. The health care worker understands she is demonstrating which of Freud’s theories? a. b. c. d.

Oedipal complex Latency Electra complex Genital stage

Answer: c

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Rationale: In the Electra complex, the child imitates the mother’s role to win the father’s attention.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

37. Piaget describes a thought pattern in a child in which they believe an object like a table has feelings as: a. b. c. d.

Reversibility Animism Egocentrism Object permanence

Answer: b Rationale: In animism, inanimate objects are imbued with feelings.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

NURSINGTB.COM

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Chapter 6. Prenatal Period to 1 Year – Test Questions 1. A child’s inherited characteristics are determined: a. b. c. d.

At the time of conception By the zygote By karyotyping At the time of implantation

Answer:

2. The zygote contains genetic information from the parents. It is represented by a total of: a. b. c. d.

23 chromosomes 46 pairs of chromosomes 46 chromosomes 56 chromosomes

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM 3. Genetic information is encoded in: a. b. c. d.

RNA DNA Karyotype GNA

Answer: 4. The nurse is reviewing the client’s prenatal history. Which of the following would be considered a teratogen? a. b. c. d.

A vegetarian diet Swimming every day Alcohol intake Playing tennis

Answer:

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5. A brown-eyed pregnant client asks the nurse if she could have a blue-eyed child. The nurse is correct if she responds, “The brown-eyed gene is , and the blue-eyed gene is .” a. b. c. d.

Dominant, dominant Recessive, recessive Recessive, dominant Dominant, recessive

Answer:

6. The correct stages of prenatal development are as follows: a. b. c. d.

Embryonic, pre-embryonic, fetal Fetal, embryonic, neonatal Pre-embryonic, embryonic, fetal Prenatal, neonatal, fetal

Answer: 7. During what stage of lN abUoR rS doIeN s tGhT eB ba.bC yO paMss through the birth canal? a. b. c. d.

Dilation Expulsion Effacement Placental stage

Answer: 8. If you stroke the newborn’s cheek, you will likely elicit which reflex? a. b. c. d.

Sucking Moro Tonic neck Rooting

Answer:

9. The caregiver understands that the Apgar scale indicates: a. Weight

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b. Blood problems c. The newborn’s overall status d. Gastrointestinal functioning Answer:

10. Mary gave birth 2 days ago to an 8-pound girl. She explains to the nurse that each time the baby comes out to her from the nursery, the baby is crying. She asks what she will do if this happens at home. The nurse would best respond: a. b. c. d.

“Babies cry all the time.”

“Attempt to determine the reason for her crying.”

“Your baby is perfectly normal. There is nothing to worry about.”

“You don’t need to pay too much attention to these crying bouts.”

Answer:

11. The emotional bond between a mother and her newborn infant is called: a. b. c. d.

Attachment Engrossment Enhancement Commitment

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer:

12. On assessment of the newborn, which of the following findings would indicate congenital hip dysplasia? a. b. c. d.

Symmetry of both legs Displacement of the torso An extra gluteal fold in a lower extremity Absence of reflexes in a lower extremity

Answer:

13. Meconium is best described as: a. Colorless, odorless fecal material b. Stools with a light, seeded mustard color c. Thick, green-black fecal material

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d. Stools with a watery green color Answer:

14. Emma brings her 11-month-old infant, who has symptoms of teething, to the health clinic.

The nurse would consider which symptom abnormal? a. b. c. d.

Irritability Drooling Loose stools Fever

Answer:

15. The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a 2-day-old newborn. Which of the following findings should the nurse consider serious, warranting immediate reporting to the doctor? a. b. c. d.

Crossed eyes when focusing on an object No urinary output since birth Slight yellow discoloNraUtiRoS nI ofNtG heTsBk. inCOM Brief pinkish discharge from the vagina

Answer:

16. The testes descend into the scrotum normally: a. b. c. d.

During fetal descent through the pelvis In the seventh month of fetal life In the third month of fetal life Immediately after delivery

Answer:

17. Two-day-old Samuel has been diagnosed as having physiological jaundice. His parents ask the nurse what could cause this to happen. The nurse would respond that this is caused by: a. b. c. d.

Plugging of the sebaceous gland Destruction of platelets Destruction of excess red blood cells Immature blood cells

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Answer:

18. David weighed 7 pounds at birth, and by the fourth day, he weighed 6 pounds 3 ounces.

This weight loss is due to: a. b. c. d.

An output that exceeds intake An intake that exceeds output Immature kidney function Excessive sweating

Answer:

19. One-year-olds are usually: a. b. c. d.

One and a half times their birth length Able to point to objects in a picture Able to make moral choices Three times their birth weight

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM

20. In the newborn, the skull bones are separated by: a. b. c. d.

Fontanels Sutures Marrow Ligaments

Answer:

21. After examination of the umbilical cord in the delivery room, the nurse considers it normal if he finds: a. b. c. d.

Two arteries and one vein Two veins and one artery Two veins and two arteries One vein and one artery

Answer:

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22. The hormone oxytocin functions during pregnancy and the postpartum period to: a. b. c. d.

Suppress uterine contractions Help prepare for breastfeeding Prevent premature placental separation Prepare the pelvic muscles for labor

Answer:

23. When giving nutritional counseling to parents of an 11-month-old, you would tell them to: a. b. c. d.

Add new foods to the diet one at a time Add 2 tablespoons of food at a time Provide at least 800 calories per day Breastfeed until the child is at least 14 months

Answer:

24. The nurse evaluates a 1-year-old child and recognizes that which of the following is a sign of concern and should beNrU epRoS rtI edNtG oT thBe . phCyOsiMcian? a. b. c. d.

Smiling at 3 months of age Four to six words at 1 year Failure to sit at 7 months Walking alone at 13 months

Answer: 25. The nurse should understand that the type of play important for the infant’s growth and development is play that: a. b. c. d.

Encourages sharing with others Promotes large and small motor coordination Stimulates the senses Promotes independence

Answer:

26. The nurse can anticipate that by and begin making cooing sounds:

, the infant will demonstrate a social smile

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a. b. c. d.

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The first week 3 weeks 4 to 6 weeks 3 months

Answer:

27. The mother of a 12-month-old tells the nurse that her baby does not like solid foods and only drinks milk. The nurse is correct to be concerned that the baby may be deficient in: a. b. c. d.

Phosphorus Iron Amino acids Proteins

Answer:

28. The first solid food typically offered to the infant is: a. b. c. d.

Scrambled eggs NURSINGTB.COM Cooked diced poultry Cooked diced vegetables Single-grain cereal

Answer:

29. To prevent the possibility of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the nurse instructs new parents to: a. b. c. d.

Give the last feed 2 to 3 hours before bedtime Place a pillow on either side of the baby to provide a stable position Have the mother sleep with the child the first 6 months of life for close monitoring Always put the baby to sleep on his or her back

Answer: 30. A young woman’s doctor just confirmed her pregnancy. The fetus is approximately 6 weeks old. She tells the nurse she cannot sleep without a glass of red wine at night. The nurse cautions her about fetal alcohol syndrome and correctly tells her:

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a. b. c. d.

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“That’s okay. One glass of wine is allowed.”

“Zero alcohol intake is allowed.”

“You must gradually decrease your alcohol intake.”

“By three months, you should achieve total abstinence.”

Answer:

31. The advantages of encouraging a new mother to breastfeed are (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Decreasing maternal breast infection Protecting the infant from infection by providing immune factors Decreasing abdominal cramps postdelivery Hastening uterine involution Decreasing production of colostrum

Answer:

32. After vaginal examination of a woman in labor, the nurse reports that effacement is present. She understands that the: a. b. c. d.

Cervix is rigid anN dU clR osSeI d NGTB.COM Placenta is palpable Umbilical cord is pulsating Cervix is shortening and thinning

Answer:

33. The student nurse understands that during pregnancy, the amniotic fluid functions to (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Provide fluid to the developing fetus Allow movement of the fetus Provide a link between the fetus and the placenta Maintain fetal body temperature Act as a cushion to protect the fetus

Answer:

34. Immediately after the baby is delivered, the nurse records the presence of acrocyanosis on the flow sheet. This refers to:

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a. b. c. d.

Flat, irregular, pigmented spots on the baby’s sacral area Bluish discoloration of the baby’s feet and hands An extra gluteal fold at the hip Diaphragmatic breathing with periods of apnea

Answer:

35. During pregnancy, mother and fetus are linked through a structure called the: a. b. c. d.

Umbilical cord Blastocyst Placenta Pituitary gland

Answer:

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Chapter 6. Prenatal Period to 1 Year – Test Questions with Answers and Rationales 1. A child’s inherited characteristics are determined: a. b. c. d.

At the time of conception By the zygote By karyotyping At the time of implantation

Answer: a Rationale: All inherited characteristics are determined at the time of fertilization or conception.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

2. The zygote contains genetic information from the parents. It is represented by a total of: a. b. c. d.

23 chromosomes 46 pairs of chromosomes 46 chromosomes 56 chromosomes NURSINGTB.COM

Answer: c Rationale: Each sperm and ovum contributes 23 chromosomes at the time of fertilization.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

3. Genetic information is encoded in: a. b. c. d.

RNA DNA Karyotype GNA

Answer: b Rationale: Genetic information is encoded in DNA. Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

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4. The nurse is reviewing the client’s prenatal history. Which of the following would be considered a teratogen? a. b. c. d.

A vegetarian diet Swimming every day Alcohol intake Playing tennis

Answer: c Rationale: A teratogen is a chemical or physical substance that adversely affects the unborn.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

5. The brown-eyed pregnant client asks the nurse if she could have a blue-eyed child. The nurse is correct if she responds, “The brown-eyed gene is , and the blue-eyed gene is .” a. b. c. d.

Dominant, dominant Recessive, recessive Recessive, dominant Dominant, recessiveNURSINGTB.COM

Answer: d Rationale: Brown-eyed genes are dominant, whereas blue-eyed genes are recessive and show only if they exist in a pair.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

6. The correct stages of prenatal development are as follows: a. b. c. d.

Embryonic, pre-embryonic, fetal Fetal, embryonic, neonatal Pre-embryonic, embryonic, fetal Prenatal, neonatal, fetal

Answer: c Rationale: The correct stages of prenatal development are pre-embryonic, embryonic, and fetal.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

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7. During what stage of labor does the baby pass through the birth canal? a. b. c. d.

Dilation Expulsion Effacement Placental stage

Answer: b Rationale: The expulsion stage begins with full cervical dilation and ends with the birth of the baby.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 8. If you stroke the newborn’s cheek, you will likely elicit which reflex? a. b. c. d.

Sucking Moro Tonic neck Rooting

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Answer: d Rationale: Rooting occurs when the newborn’s cheek is gently stroked.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

9. The caregiver understands that the Apgar scale indicates: a. b. c. d.

Weight Blood problems The newborn’s overall status Gastrointestinal functioning

Answer: c Rationale: The Apgar scale indicates the immediate clinical functioning of the newborn.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

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10. Mary gave birth 2 days ago to an 8-pound girl. She explains to the nurse that each time the baby comes out to her from the nursery, the baby is crying. She asks what she will do if this happens at home. The nurse would best respond: a. b. c. d.

“Babies cry all the time.”

“Attempt to determine the reason for her crying.”

“Your baby is perfectly normal. There is nothing to worry about.”

“You don’t need to pay too much attention to these crying bouts.”

Answer: b Rationale: Babies have different cries for different messages.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

11. The emotional bond between a mother and her newborn infant is called: a. b. c. d.

Attachment Engrossment Enhancement Commitment

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer: a Rationale: The newborn and mother quickly develop emotional bonds of attachment.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

12. On assessment of the newborn, which of the following findings would indicate congenital hip dysplasia? a. b. c. d.

Symmetry of both legs Displacement of the torso An extra gluteal fold in a lower extremity Absence of reflexes in a lower extremity

Answer: c Rationale: Unequal or asymmetric gluteal folds indicate congenital hip dysplasia.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

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13. Meconium is best described as: a. b. c. d.

Colorless, odorless fecal material Stools with a light, seeded mustard color Thick, green-black fecal material Stools with a watery green color

Answer: c Rationale: Meconium, or first stool, is thick and green-black.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

14. Emma brings her 11-month-old infant, who has symptoms of teething, to the health clinic.

The nurse would consider which symptom abnormal? a. b. c. d.

Irritability Drooling Loose stools Fever

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: d Rationale: Fever is not usually present during teething.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

15. The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a 2-day-old newborn. Which of the following findings should the nurse consider serious, warranting immediate reporting to the doctor? a. b. c. d.

Crossed eyes when focusing on an object No urinary output since birth Slight yellow discoloration of the skin Brief pinkish discharge from the vagina

Answer: b Rationale: Normally, the newborn voids within 24 hours after delivery and then 10 to 12 times a day.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

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16. The testes descend into the scrotum normally: a. b. c. d.

During fetal descent through the pelvis In the seventh month of fetal life In the third month of fetal life Immediately after delivery

Answer: b Rationale: The testes usually descend into the scrotum during the seventh month of fetal life.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

17. Two-day-old Samuel has been diagnosed as having physiological jaundice. His parents ask the nurse what could cause this to happen. The nurse would respond that this is caused by: a. b. c. d.

Plugging of the sebaceous gland Destruction of platelets Destruction of excess red blood cells Immature blood cells

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: c Rationale: Physiological jaundice is caused by the destruction of excess red blood cells, which releases bile pigments into the skin.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

18. David weighed 7 pounds at birth, and by the fourth day, he weighed 6 pounds 3 ounces.

This weight loss is due to: a. b. c. d.

An output that exceeds intake An intake that exceeds output Immature kidney function Excessive sweating

Answer: a Rationale: The newborn’s intake is minimal during the first hours of life, but output remains the same. This causes slight weight loss.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

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19. One-year-olds are usually: a. b. c. d.

One and a half times their birth length Able to point to objects in a picture Able to make moral choices Three times their birth weight

Answer: d Rationale: The general rule of thumb is that the newborn is expected to double his or her birth weight in 6 months and triple it in 1 year.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

20. In the newborn, the skull bones are separated by: a. b. c. d.

Fontanels Sutures Marrow Ligaments

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Answer: b Rationale: The sutures are bands of connective tissue that separate the fetal skull bones. This permits the skull to mold during passage in the birth canal.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

21. After examination of the umbilical cord in the delivery room, the nurse considers it normal if he finds: a. b. c. d.

Two arteries and one vein Two veins and one artery Two veins and two arteries One vein and one artery

Answer: b Rationale: The normal umbilical cord contains three vessels: one artery and two veins.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

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22. The hormone oxytocin functions during pregnancy and the postpartum period to: a. Suppress uterine contractions b. Help prepare for breastfeeding c. Prevent premature placental separation d. Prepare the pelvic muscles for labor Answer: b Rationale: Oxytocin helps prepare the breasts for breastfeeding and stimulates milk glands to contract and release milk.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

23. When giving nutritional counseling to parents of an 11-month-old, you would tell them to: a. b. c. d.

Add new foods to the diet one at a time Add 2 tablespoons of food at a time Provide at least 800 calories per day Breastfeed until the cNhU ildRS isIatNlG eaTstB1.4CmOoMnths

Answer: a Rationale: By introducing only one new food at a time, any food reactions can be clearly identified.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

24. The nurse evaluates a 1-year-old child and recognizes that which of the following is a sign of concern and should be reported to the physician? a. b. c. d.

Smiling at 3 months of age Four to six words at 1 year Failure to sit at 7 months Walking alone at 13 months

Answer: c Rationale: Infants should sit with help at 6 months and sit alone by 7 months.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

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25. The nurse should understand that the type of play important for the infant’s growth and development is play that: a. b. c. d.

Encourages sharing with others Promotes large and small motor coordination Stimulates the senses Promotes independence

Answer: c Rationale: Infant play is solitary and should stimulate the infant’s senses and attention.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

26. The nurse can anticipate that by and begin making cooing sounds: a. b. c. d.

The first week 3 weeks 4 to 6 weeks 3 months

, the infant will demonstrate a social smile

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Answer: c Rationale: Social smiles and cooing sounds appear at 4 to 6 weeks of age.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

27. The mother of a 12-month-old tells the nurse that her baby does not like solid foods and only drinks milk. The nurse is correct to be concerned that the baby may be deficient in: a. b. c. d.

Phosphorus Iron Amino acids Proteins

Answer: b Rationale: After the first 5 months, the infant’s stored iron supply begins to decrease. Milk does not contain iron; therefore, the infant’s diet must be supplemented.

Nursing Process: Implementation

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Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

28. The first solid food typically offered to the infant is: a. b. c. d.

Scrambled eggs Cooked diced poultry Cooked diced vegetables Single-grain cereal

Answer: d Rationale: Single-grain cereal is offered first to avoid allergy or easily recognize the food that is not tolerated.

Nursing Process: Plan Client Needs: Health Promotion

29. To prevent the possibility of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the nurse instructs new parents to: a. b. c. d.

Give the last feed 2 to 3 hours before bedtime Place a pillow onNeU ithReS rI sidNeGoTf B th.eCbO abMy to provide a stable position Have the mother sleep with the child the first 6 months of life for close monitoring Always put the baby to sleep on his or her back

Answer: d Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends back sleeping to prevent SIDS. Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion 30. A young woman’s doctor just confirmed her pregnancy. The fetus is approximately 6 weeks old. She tells the nurse she cannot sleep without a glass of red wine at night. The nurse cautions her about fetal alcohol syndrome and correctly tells her: a. b. c. d.

“That’s okay. One glass of wine is allowed.”

“Zero alcohol intake is allowed.”

“You must gradually decrease your alcohol intake.”

“By three months, you should achieve total abstinence.”

Answer: b Rationale: To prevent fetal abnormalities, no alcohol is recommended during pregnancy.

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Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion

31. The advantages of encouraging a new mother to breastfeed are (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Decreasing maternal breast infection Protecting the infant from infection by providing immune factors Decreasing abdominal cramps postdelivery Hastening uterine involution Decreasing production of colostrum

Answer: b, d Rationale: Breastfeeding helps transfer immune factors from mother to infant and hastens involution.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion

32. After vaginal examination of a woman in labor, the nurse reports that effacement is present. She understandsNthUaR t tShI e:NGTB.COM a. b. c. d.

Cervix is rigid and closed Placenta is palpable Umbilical cord is pulsating Cervix is shortening and thinning

Answer: d Rationale: Cervical thinning and shortening are known as effacement.

Nursing Process: Plan Client Needs: Physiological

33. The student nurse understands that during pregnancy, the amniotic fluid functions to (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Provide fluid to the developing fetus Allow movement of the fetus Provide a link between the fetus and the placenta Maintain fetal body temperature Act as a cushion to protect the fetus

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Answer: a, b, d, e Rationale: The amniotic fluid provides fluid to the fetus, allows movement, maintains fetal body temperature, and acts as a protective cushion.

Nursing Process: Plan Client Needs: Physiological

34. Immediately after the baby is delivered, the nurse records the presence of acrocyanosis on the flow sheet. This refers to: a. b. c. d.

Flat, irregular, pigmented spots on the baby’s sacral area Bluish discoloration of the baby’s feet and hands An extra gluteal fold at the hip Diaphragmatic breathing with periods of apnea

Answer: b Rationale: The term acrocyanosis refers to bluish discoloration of the extremities.

Nursing Process: Plan Client Needs: Physiological

NURSINGTB.COM 35. During pregnancy, mother and fetus are linked through a structure called the: a. b. c. d.

Umbilical cord Blastocyst Placenta Pituitary gland

Answer: c Rationale: The placenta links the fetus to the mother.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological

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Chapter 7. Toddlerhood – Test Questions

1. May is worried that 2-½-year-old Tracy has not grown in the past few months. The best response would be: a. b. c. d.

“It is normal for growth to be slow at this time.”

“This could be a sign of bone disease.”

“This results from a poor state of nutrition.”

“She is expected to grow 4 to 5 inches during this period.”

Answer:

2. To help increase visual acuity in 2-year-old Charles, you would have his parents: a. Hold large objects at close range b. Place colored objects on the wall 19 feet away c. Hold brightly colored paintings at close range d. Hold large objects 6 feet away Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM

3. Bedtime rituals provide the child with a: a. b. c. d.

Sense of security Sense of vulnerability Feeling of panic Sleepless night

Answer:

4. Toddlers are prone to accidents because: a. b. c. d.

They act like grown-ups.

Of an inability to recognize danger Of poor peripheral vision Of muscle weakness

Answer:

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5. The typical potbellied appearance of the toddler is due to: a. b. c. d.

Rapid growth in the limbs Separation of the vertebrae Weak abdominal muscles A rounded chest wall

Answer:

6. In a greenstick fracture, the bone: a. b. c. d.

Breaks in two distinct pieces Breaks in several small pieces Breaks and punctures the skin Bends but does not break

Answer:

7. Toddlers are more prone to ear infections because the: a. b. c. d.

Internal ear is larger N thUanRS thI atNoG fT anBa.dC ulO tM Bones in the inner ear have not fused.

Eustachian tube is shorter and wider Ear fills more rapidly with wax

Answer:

8. At what age can a child climb stairs two feet at a time? a. b. c. d.

18 months 12 months 2 years 3 years

Answer:

9. Hand dominance is not determined until: a. 15 months b. 12 months c. 2 years

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d. 3 years Answer:

10. Bladder training can usually be accomplished by age: a. b. c. d.

3-½ years 18 months 12 months 2 years

Answer:

11. After and during toilet training, accidents should be handled: a. b. c. d.

By scolding the child In a matter-of-fact way Aggressively By punishing the child

Answer:

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12. Discipline in the toddler years is directed toward: a. b. c. d.

Denying the child freedom Giving more opportunities to explore Challenging creativity Developing good behavior

Answer:

13. To reduce temper tantrums, parents would best be instructed to: a. b. c. d.

Restrict the child’s movement Punish the child Give the child more choices Remove the child from the environment

Answer:

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14. In object permanence, the toddler: a. b. c. d.

No longer believes objects will disappear Is afraid the mother will abandon him or her Believes objects change and disappear Has paranoid tendencies

Answer: 15. The toddler’s eating habits are often influenced by: a. b. c. d.

Siblings Reward Instinct Play

Answer:

16. The parent of 3-year-old Camille complains that she has eaten only a small amount of food over the past week. She does not appear to be ill, and her mother would like to know how to resolve the probleNmU. R YS ouIN wG ouTldBa.dCvO iseMher that: a. b. c. d.

In order to maintain her nutritional state, she must be force-fed.

This is not an unusual pattern and will disappear without any intervention.

Allowing play at and close to mealtimes can stimulate the appetite.

Using a stool softener or laxative at night can stimulate the appetite.

Answer:

17. To foster good eating habits, toddlers should have: a. b. c. d.

Large meals offered At least three meals per day Staggered mealtimes An appetite stimulant

Answer:

18. Play that is symbolic means the child: a. Engages in pretend play

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b. Likes to squeeze soft toys c. Must be placed in real play situations d. Plays in isolation Answer:

19. Toddlers generally prefer to: a. b. c. d.

Play with other children Play alone Play with grown-ups Play alongside other children

Answer:

20. An example of play that fosters fine motor development is: a. b. c. d.

Pushing toys Riding a bike Playing with pots and pans Playing with buildingNU blR ocSkI s NGTB.COM

Answer:

21. Sheila brings her 18-month-old toddler to the pediatric clinic. Which of the following findings would represent normal growth? a. b. c. d.

The child can independently brush her teeth.

There is complete ossification of all the bones.

Language development is complete.

The anterior fontanel is closed.

Answer: 22. Mrs. King is concerned about what can be done to correct her toddler’s lazy eye. Which of the following responses by the nurse practitioner would be correct? a. b. c. d.

Correction is spontaneous.

Patching the weaker eye will restore strength.

Patching the stronger eye forces use of the weaker eye.

Surgical correction will be necessary.

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Answer:

23. At 2-½ years old, which of the following vital signs would be considered normal? a. b. c. d.

Respiratory rate of 40 Temperature of 99.4°F Heart rate of 110 bpm Blood pressure of 110/60

Answer:

24. Given paper and a pencil, a 3-year-old child can draw: a. b. c. d.

Vertical strokes A detailed face and body A hand A triangle

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM

25. To enhance food intake, toddlers need: a. b. c. d.

Snacks scheduled before meals Consistent mealtimes Food to soothe their crying Decreased fluid intake

Answer:

26. Which of the following eating habits is common in toddlers? a. b. c. d.

Consistent eating of the same foods Food fads and fluctuating appetites Dawdling or playing with food All of the above

Answer:

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27. The nurse instructs the parents of a 2-½-year-old boy on dental health. The nurse is correct to advise the parents to: a. b. c. d.

Offer carbohydrate snacks Brush his teeth once a day Visit the dentist yearly Use milk in the night bottle in the crib

Answer:

28. The parents of a 3-year-old and 5-month-old are concerned that their toddler is very jealous when they are caring for the infant. The toddler becomes demanding and unreasonable. The nurse is correct when he advises the parents that this is: a. b. c. d.

A sign of delayed development A sign of emotional instability An expected outcome A delayed reaction to the birth

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM 29. For toddlers, solitary play during infancy progresses to

play.

Answer:

30. Which of the following gross motor skills is/are acquired during the toddler stage? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d.

Walking Climbing stairs Hopping Standing on one foot

Answer:

31. At what age can the nurse expect a child to have their full set of deciduous teeth? a. b. c. d.

1-½ years old 2-½ years old 4 years old 4-½ years old

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Answer:

32. Which of the following describe(s) when readiness for toilet training occurs? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d. e.

During Freud’s oral stage With sphincter control With maturation of the sensory centers of the brain After the child is walking for several months Once the child has mastered language

Answer: 33. The nurse reviewing a toddler’s health records would expect to find the date(s) they received which of the following immunizations? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d. e.

Measles Mumps Rubella NURSINGTB.COM Varicella Human papillomavirus

Answer:

34. Two-year-old Bradley is a patient on the pediatric unit. Since his admission, his mother has been away at work most of the day, and he has been crying and screaming often. The health care worker understands this behavior may be caused by: a. b. c. d.

Separation anxiety Negativistic behavior Signs of repression Signs of aggression

Answer:

35. The mother of 2-½-year-old Jamie is concerned that he is still sucking his thumb and wants to know if he can harm himself. The nurse responds by telling her: a. b.

“He has protection against infection because his hands are always moist.”

“It may cause malpositioning of his teeth.”

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c. d.

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“His speech may be delayed.”

“He may experience gastrointestinal irritation.”

Answer: b 36. Which of the following reports given by a child’s neighbor is an example/are examples of child neglect? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d.

Withholding food or shelter Failure to provide special education for a child diagnosed with a learning disorder Leaving a child with a stranger without a contact number Withholding needed medical care

Answer: Chapter 7. Toddlerhood – Test Questions With Answers and Rationales 1. May is worried that 2-½-year-old Tracy has not grown in the past few months. The best response would be:

NURSINGTB.COM a. b. c. d.

“It is normal for growth to be slow at this time.”

“This could be a sign of bone disease.”

“This results from a poor state of nutrition.”

“She is expected to grow 4 to 5 inches during this period.”

Answer: a Rationale: Growth is most rapid during infancy and then slows during toddlerhood.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

2. To help increase visual acuity in 2-year-old Charles, you would have his parents: a. b. c. d.

Hold large objects at close range Place colored objects on the wall 19 feet away Hold brightly colored paintings at close range Hold large objects 6 feet away

Answer: d Rationale: Holding objects at a distance of 6 feet helps develop visual ability.

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Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

3. Bedtime rituals provide the child with a: a. b. c. d.

Sense of security Sense of vulnerability Feeling of panic Sleepless night

Answer: a Rationale: Sameness and habits provide people with a sense of security.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

4. Toddlers are prone to accidents because: a. b. c. d.

They act like grown-ups.

Of an inability to recognize danger Of poor peripheral viNsiUoR n SINGTB.COM Of muscle weakness

Answer: b Rationale: Toddlers have not yet become aware of what is not safe in their environments and therefore need total adult supervision.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

5. The typical potbellied appearance of the toddler is due to: a. b. c. d.

Rapid growth in the limbs Separation of the vertebrae Weak abdominal muscles A rounded chest wall

Answer: c Rationale: As toddlers learn to stand erect and walk, their abdominal muscles strengthen.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

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6. In a greenstick fracture, the bone: a. b. c. d.

Breaks in two distinct pieces Breaks in several small pieces Breaks and punctures the skin Bends but does not break

Answer: d Rationale: The bones of a toddler are soft and bend rather than break.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

7. Toddlers are more prone to ear infections because the: a. b. c. d.

Internal ear is larger than that of an adult Bones in the inner ear have not fused.

Eustachian tube is shorter and wider Ear fills more rapidly with wax

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: c Rationale: The eustachian tube is shorter and wider in a toddler than it is in the older individual.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

8. At what age can a child climb stairs two feet at a time? a. b. c. d.

18 months 12 months 2 years 3 years

Answer: c Rationale: At 2 years, balance is not developed to the point where stairs can be managed using alternating feet.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

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9. Hand dominance is not determined until: a. b. c. d.

15 months 12 months 2 years 3 years

Answer: a Rationale: Hand preference does not mature until 15 months.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

10. Bladder training can usually be accomplished by age: a. b. c. d.

3-½ years 18 months 12 months 2 years

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: a Rationale: Bladder training occurs after muscle development takes place.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

11. After and during toilet training, accidents should be handled: a. b. c. d.

By scolding the child In a matter-of-fact way Aggressively By punishing the child

Answer: b Rationale: It is best not to stress the child by placing an emphasis on accidents while he or she is being toilet trained.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

12. Discipline in the toddler years is directed toward:

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a. b. c. d.

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Denying the child freedom Giving more opportunities to explore Challenging creativity Developing good behavior

Answer: b Rationale: Toddlers learn by exploring their environments.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

13. To reduce temper tantrums, parents would best be instructed to: a. b. c. d.

Restrict the child’s movement Punish the child Give the child more choices Remove the child from the environment

Answer: d Rationale: Parents should remove the child from the source of the tantrum to a quiet zone.

NURSINGTB.COM Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychososocial Integrity

14. In object permanence, the toddler: a. b. c. d.

No longer believes objects will disappear Is afraid the mother will abandon him or her Believes objects change and disappear Has paranoid tendencies

Answer: a Rationale: In the stage known as object permanence, the child realizes that just because the object is out of sight does not mean it no longer exists.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 15. The toddler’s eating habits are often influenced by: a. Siblings

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b. Reward c. Instinct d. Play Answer: a Rationale: Older siblings teach the toddler, and some behavior is copied.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

16. The parent of 3-year-old Camille complains that she has eaten only a small amount of food over the past week. She does not appear to be ill, and her mother would like to know how to resolve the problem. You would advise her that: a. b. c. d.

In order to maintain her nutritional state, she must be force-fed.

This is not an unusual pattern and will disappear without any intervention.

Allowing play at and close to mealtimes can stimulate the appetite.

Using a stool softener or laxative at night can stimulate the appetite.

Answer: b Rationale: Toddlers have periods of reduced eating that will disappear if ignored.

NURSINGTB.COM Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

17. To foster good eating habits, toddlers should have: a. b. c. d.

Large meals offered At least three meals per day Staggered mealtimes An appetite stimulant

Answer: b Rationale: By the toddler period, the child is ready to eat three meals per day.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

18. Play that is symbolic means the child: a. Engages in pretend play b. Likes to squeeze soft toys

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c. Must be placed in real play situations d. Plays in isolation Answer: a Rationale: A symbolic play style is imaginative and representative of roles and learning.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

19. Toddlers generally prefer to: a. b. c. d.

Play with other children Play alone Play with grown-ups Play alongside other children

Answer: d Rationale: Toddler play style is known as parallel play.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

NURSINGTB.COM 20. An example of play that fosters fine motor development is: a. b. c. d.

Pushing toys Riding a bike Playing with pots and pans Playing with building blocks

Answer: d Rationale: Fine motor skills are those skills that use the hands.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

21. Sheila brings her 18-month-old toddler to the pediatric clinic. Which of the following findings would represent normal growth? a. b. c. d.

The child can independently brush her teeth.

There is complete ossification of all the bones.

Language development is complete.

The anterior fontanel is closed.

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Answer: d Rationale: Between 12 and 18 months of age, the anterior fontanel closes.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 22. Mrs. King is concerned about what can be done to correct her toddler’s lazy eye. Which of the following responses by the nurse practitioner would be correct? a. b. c. d.

Correction is spontaneous.

Patching the weaker eye will restore strength.

Patching the stronger eye forces use of the weaker eye.

Surgical correction will be necessary.

Answer: c Rationale: Patching the stronger eye helps strengthen the muscles of the weaker eye.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

NURSINGTB.COM 23. At 2-½ years old, which of the following vital signs would be considered normal? a. b. c. d.

Respiratory rate of 40 Temperature of 99.4°F Heart rate of 110 bpm Blood pressure of 110/60

Answer: d Rationale: A blood pressure of 110/60 is within the normal range for this age.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

24. Given paper and a pencil, a 3-year-old child can draw: a. b. c. d.

Vertical strokes A detailed face and body A hand A triangle

Answer: a

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Rationale: Vertical strokes can be drawn by a 3-year-old child.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

25. To enhance food intake, toddlers need: a. b. c. d.

Snacks scheduled before meals Consistent mealtimes Food to soothe their crying Decreased fluid intake

Answer: b Rationale: Consistent mealtimes help the toddler develop an appetite.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

26. Which of the following eating habits is common in toddlers? a. b. c. d.

Consistent eating of N thU eR saSmIeNfoGoTdB s .COM Food fads and fluctuating appetites Dawdling or playing with food All of the above

Answer: d Rationale: Toddlers like eating the same foods consistently, they develop food fads, their appetites fluctuate, and they dawdle and play with their food.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

27. The nurse instructs the parents of a 2-½-year-old boy on dental health. The nurse is correct to advise the parents to: a. b. c. d.

Offer carbohydrate snacks Brush his teeth once a day Visit the dentist yearly Use milk in the night bottle in the crib

Answer: c

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Rationale: Parents should avoid carbohydrates snacks, brush teeth after meals and before bed, and never put a milk bottle in the crib.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health Promotion

28. The parents of a 3-year-old and 5-month-old are concerned that their toddler is very jealous when they are caring for the infant. The toddler becomes demanding and unreasonable. The nurse is correct when he advises the parents that this is: a. b. c. d.

A sign of delayed development A sign of emotional instability An expected outcome A delayed reaction to the birth

Answer: c Rationale: Sibling rivalry is an expected behavior at this stage of development.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

NURSINGTB.COM 29. For toddlers, solitary play during infancy progresses to

play.

Answer: parallel Rationale: Parallel play is the style of toddlers.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

30. Which of the following gross motor skills is/are acquired during the toddler stage? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d.

Walking Climbing stairs Hopping Standing on one foot

Answer: a, b, c, d Rationale: Gross motor skills, including walking and stair climbing, are acquired during the toddler stage.

Nursing Process: Assessment

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Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

31. At what age can the nurse expect a child to have their full set of deciduous teeth? a. b. c. d.

1-½ years old 2-½ years old 4 years old 4-½ years old

Answer: b Rationale: Toddlers acquire their full set of deciduous teeth by 2-½ years of age.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

32. Which of the following describe(s) when readiness for toilet training occurs? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d. e.

During Freud’s oral stage With sphincter control With maturation of thNeUseRnSsoIrN yG ceTnB te. rsCoO fM the brain After the child is walking for several months Once the child has mastered language

Answer: b, c, d, e Rationale: Toddlers acquire sphincter control, maturation of the brain’s sensory centers, walking, and language before toilet training is successful.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 33. The nurse reviewing a toddler’s health records would expect to find the date(s) they received which of the following immunizations? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d. e.

Measles Mumps Rubella Varicella Human papillomavirus

Answer: a, b, c, d Rationale: Toddlers should receive MMR Rubella and Varicella immunizations at this time.

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Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health promotion

34. Two-year-old Bradley is a patient on the pediatric unit. Since his admission, his mother has been away at work most of the day, and he has been crying and screaming often. The health care worker understands this behavior may be caused by: a. b. c. d.

Separation anxiety Negativistic behavior Signs of repression Signs of aggression

Answer: a Rationale: Toddlers go through separation anxiety when they are apart from their parent(s).

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

35. The mother of 2-½-year-old Jamie is concerned that he is still sucking his thumb and RS wants to know if he can hNaU rm hiI mNseGlfT. B T. heCnOuM rse responds by telling her: a. b. c. d.

“He has protection against infection because his hands are always moist.”

“It may cause malpositioning of his teeth.”

“His speech may be delayed.”

“He may experience gastrointestinal irritation.”

Answer: b Rationale: Thumb sucking places pressure on the teeth and may lead to malpositioning.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 36. Which of the following reports given by a child’s neighbor is an example/are examples of child neglect? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d.

Withholding food or shelter Failure to provide special education for a child diagnosed with a learning disorder Leaving a child with a stranger without a contact number Withholding needed medical care

Answer: a, b, c, d

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Rationale: Withholding food, failing to provide necessary special education, leaving the child with a stranger, and withholding needed medical care are all examples of child neglect.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health promotion

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Chapter 8. Preschool – Test Questions 1. Preschool children’s growth patterns can be described as: a. b. c. d.

Rapid Slow and steady Sporadic Relaxed

Answer:

2. The slender appearance characteristic of the preschool stage is due to the: a. b. c. d.

Lengthening of the trunk and body Loss of subcutaneous tissue Protruding abdomen Moving of the foot toward the center of the body

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM 3. The average per year weight gain during the preschool years is: a. b. c. d.

1 to 2 pounds 3 to 4 pounds 4 to 5 pounds 5 to 7 pounds

Answer:

4. The preschooler is expected to grow an average of: a. b. c. d.

5 inches per year 2-1/2 inches per year 0.5 inches per year 1 inch per year

Answer:

5. Alice wants to know at what age her child will be able to accomplish self-care. You would tell her preschool because of:

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a. b. c. d.

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Gross motor development Visual maturity Fine motor development Bone maturity

Answer:

6. To promote impulse control, it is best to use: a. b. c. d.

Discipline Force Cohesion Medications

Answer:

7. The characteristic thinking pattern of 5-year-old Jamie is: a. b. c. d.

Magical Critical Dysfunctional Paranoid

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer:

8. The type of play in which children take turns and share their toys is known as: a. b. c. d.

Parallel Isolated Associative Complex

Answer:

9. At a health teaching session at the local clinic, when instructing parents on toy selection for preschool children, the nurse should state that selection should be based on which of the following? a. Stimulating fine motor development b. Decreasing gross motor development

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c. Delaying mental retardation d. Increasing stress level Answer:

10. An outcome of thumb sucking is: a. b. c. d.

Dental caries Stomatitis Speech impediment Malalignment of the teeth

Answer:

11. The ability to fully identify color and depth is present at: a. b. c. d.

3 years old 5 years old 7 years old 2 years old

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer:

12. Which of the following table skills is present at age 4? a. b. c. d.

Using a spoon without inverting it Applying butter to bread Cutting up food with a knife Using a knife and fork at the same time

Answer:

13. A sign of maximum fine motor development in 5-year-olds is that they are able to: a. Skip b. Jump c. Print their name d. Ride a bike Answer:

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14. In 3- to 4-year-olds, exploration and trying out new roles are described by Erikson as: a. b. c. d.

Initiative Industry Trust Independence

Answer:

15. Mila states that 6-year-old Dean has become unmanageable. She believes it is due to sibling rivalry. How would you instruct her to deal with this behavior? a. b. c. d.

Isolate the child from other siblings Understand the child’s feelings Restrict the child’s participation in family activities Expose the child to the criticism of the other siblings

Answer: 16. You would expect a 5N-U yeRaS r-oIlN dG toTwBa.lkCdOoM wn the stairs: a. b. c. d.

Using alternating feet Two feet at a time Backward Sideways

Answer:

17. According to Erikson, feelings of guilt occur if the preschooler: a. b. c. d.

Is unable to try out new roles Is ridiculed for pretend play Is overambitious Is exploitative

Answer:

18. Which of the following fears is not usually predominant in preschool children? a. Dark

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b. Abandonment c. Mutilation d. Death Answer:

19. To promote dental health in preschool children, it is important for the health care worker to instruct the parent to: a. Place the toothbrush on the upper surface of the gum and brush the teeth using a circular motion b. Limit the child’s intake of raw fruits and vegetables c. Limit the child’s intake of high-sugar foods d. Brush the teeth once per day only, and this is best done with bedtime rituals Answer:

20. At what age is a child expected to have 20/20 vision? a. b. c. d.

18 months 2 years 26 months 3 years

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer:

21. Which of the following assessment findings in the preschool child would be considered normal? a. b. c. d.

Heart rate 90 to 100 Blood pressure 120/80 Respiratory rate 20 Complete set of primary teeth

Answer:

22. The 4-year-old child should be capable of performing which of the following tasks? a. Walking on a balance beam b. Throwing accurately c. Walking on tiptoe

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d. Tying shoelaces Answer:

23. A young couple with a preschool-age child is going through a divorce. How would you advise them to protect the child from emotional trauma? a. b. c. d.

Tell the child of the impending divorce early on Involve the child in all divorce-related matters Speak openly of the bad feelings between both parents Reassure the child that he or she is not to blame for the divorce

Answer: 24. Which of the following is a sign of a child’s readiness for preschool? a. b. c. d.

Mastery of toilet training Inability to separate from his or her parent Inability to express needs Hesitance to interact with peers

NURSINGTB.COM Answer:

25. Which of the following is an important factor a parent must consider when selecting a preschool? a. b. c. d.

Staff is not trained but seems interested in children There is easy access for all individuals in and out of the building Water temperature in the faucets is kept above 15°F Toys are in good condition and are age appropriate

Answer: 26. Which of the following statements most accurately describes centration, Piaget’s level of cognitive development in the preschool child? a. When the child sees the larger glass as having more when the same volume of fluid is poured into two glasses of different shapes and sizes b. When the child quickly becomes frightened when a familiar person puts on a mask and the child is no longer able to recognize them

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c. When the child identifies the laundry bin but throws clothing, garbage, and toys in it d. When the child understands that things do not disappear even if the child cannot see them Answer:

27. The nurse recognizes that preschool children like imitative play. Which of the following is an example of this? a. b. c. d.

Reading from a story Playing on a slide Playing soccer with others Dressing up in parents’ clothes

Answer:

28. Fears of preschoolers are usually: a. b. c. d.

The same as older children The same as toddlersNURSINGTB.COM Related to their imagination Less intense than those of younger children

Answer:

29. Which of the following is an effective way for parents to help a preschool child deal with sibling rivalry? a. b. c. d.

Have the child share her room with the new baby.

Ask her to choose toys for the new baby.

Explain that the family has room for many children.

Remind her that she can do many things the new sibling cannot do.

Answer:

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Chapter 8. Preschool – Test Questions With Answers and Rationales 1. Preschool children’s growth patterns can be described as: a. b. c. d.

Rapid Slow and steady Sporadic Relaxed

Answer: b Rationale: Growth patterns during the preschool period are characterized as slow and steady.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

2. The slender appearance characteristic of the preschool stage is due to the: a. b. c. d.

Lengthening of the trunk and body Loss of subcutaneous tissue Protruding abdomen Moving of the foot toNwUaR rdStI heNcGeT ntB er.oCf OthMe body

Answer: a Rationale: The trunk lengthens, giving a taller, slender appearance.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

3. The average per year weight gain during the preschool years is: a. b. c. d.

1 to 2 pounds 3 to 4 pounds 4 to 5 pounds 5 to 7 pounds

Answer: d Rationale: The usual weight gain during the preschool years is about 5 to 7 pounds per year.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

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4. The preschooler is expected to grow an average of: a. b. c. d.

5 inches per year 2-1/2 inches per year 0.5 inches per year 1 inch per year

Answer: b Rationale: Preschool children grow about 2-1/2 inches per year.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

5. Alice wants to know at what age her child will be able to accomplish self-care. You would tell her preschool because of: a. b. c. d.

Gross motor development Visual maturity Fine motor development Bone maturity

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: c Rationale: The development of fine motor coordination allows the child to easily accomplish much of his or her self-care.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

6. To promote impulse control, it is best to use: a. b. c. d.

Discipline Force Cohesion Medications

Answer: a Rationale: Consistent discipline sets limits and teaches impulse control.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

7. The characteristic thinking pattern of 5-year-old Jamie is:

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a. b. c. d.

WTB-08-10

Magical Critical Dysfunctional Paranoid

Answer: a Rationale: Pretend and imagination are styles of thinking and play in this stage of development.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

8. The type of play in which children take turns and share their toys is known as: a. b. c. d.

Parallel Isolated Associative Complex

Answer: c Rationale: Associative plN ayUtReaScI heNsGtaTkB in.gCtuOrM ns and sharing playthings.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

9. At a health teaching session at the local clinic, when instructing parents on toy selection for preschool children, the nurse should state that selection should be based on which of the following? a. b. c. d.

Stimulating fine motor development Decreasing gross motor development Delaying mental retardation Increasing stress level

Answer: a Rationale: Selection of toys for this age group should be based on helping the child develop fine and gross motor skills.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

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10. An outcome of thumb sucking is: a. b. c. d.

Dental caries Stomatitis Speech impediment Malalignment of the teeth

Answer: d Rationale: Studies have shown that thumb sucking leads to malaligned teeth.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

11. The ability to fully identify color and depth is present at: a. b. c. d.

3 years old 5 years old 7 years old 2 years old

Answer: b Rationale: Color and depN thUpReS rcI epNtiG onTB is.reCaO chMed by age 5.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

12. Which of the following table skills is present at age 4? a. b. c. d.

Using a spoon without inverting it Applying butter to bread Cutting up food with a knife Using a knife and fork at the same time

Answer: b Rationale: Four-year-olds can use their hands well enough to use a knife to spread butter on bread.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

13. A sign of maximum fine motor development in 5-year-olds is that they are able to:

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a. b. c. d.

WTB-08-12

Skip Jump Print their name Ride a bike

Answer: c Rationale: Five-year-olds can print their name.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

14. In 3- to 4-year-olds, exploration and trying out new roles are described by Erikson as: a. b. c. d.

Initiative Industry Trust Independence

Answer: a Rationale: According to Erikson, the developmental task for the preschool child is known as initiative.

NURSINGTB.COM

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

15. Mila states that 6-year-old Dean has become unmanageable. She believes it is due to sibling rivalry. How would you instruct her to deal with this behavior? a. b. c. d.

Isolate the child from other siblings Understand the child’s feelings Restrict the child’s participation in family activities Expose the child to the criticism of the other siblings

Answer: b Rationale: It is important to attempt to understand the child’s thoughts and perspective.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

16. You would expect a 5-year-old to walk down the stairs: a. Using alternating feet

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b. Two feet at a time c. Backward d. Sideways Answer: a Rationale: Balance and coordination permit the 5-year-old to walk down stairs using alternating feet.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

17. According to Erikson, feelings of guilt occur if the preschooler: a. b. c. d.

Is unable to try out new roles Is ridiculed for pretend play Is overambitious Is exploitative

Answer: b Rationale: Preschool children are highly imaginative and like to pretend. They should not be made to feel embarrassed or guilty.

NURSINGTB.COM

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

18. Which of the following fears is not usually predominant in preschool children? a. b. c. d.

Dark Abandonment Mutilation Death

Answer: d Rationale: The preschooler is primarily concerned with fear of the dark, being abandoned, or mutilation.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

19. To promote dental health in preschool children, it is important for the health care worker to instruct the parent to:

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a. Place the toothbrush on the upper surface of the gum and brush the teeth using a circular motion b. Limit the child’s intake of raw fruits and vegetables c. Limit the child’s intake of high-sugar foods d. Brush the teeth once per day only, and this is best done with bedtime rituals Answer: c Rationale: To promote dental health, preschool children should be encouraged to eat foods low in carbohydrates and brush their teeth at least twice daily.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

20. At what age is a child expected to have 20/20 vision? a. b. c. d.

18 months 2 years 26 months 3 years

Answer: d Rationale: Visual acuity N imUpR roSvI esNtG oT 20B/.

20CaOt M about 3 years.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

21. Which of the following assessment findings in the preschool child would be considered normal? a. b. c. d.

Heart rate 90 to 100 Blood pressure 120/80 Respiratory rate 20 Complete set of primary teeth

Answer: a Rationale: The normal heart rate at this stage of development is 90 to 100.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

22. The 4-year-old child should be capable of performing which of the following tasks?

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a. b. c. d.

WTB-08-15

Walking on a balance beam Throwing accurately Walking on tiptoe Tying shoelaces

Answer: c Rationale: The 4-year-old child is capable of walking and running on tiptoe.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

23. A young couple with a preschool-age child is going through a divorce. How would you advise them to protect the child from emotional trauma? a. b. c. d.

Tell the child of the impending divorce early on Involve the child in all divorce-related matters Speak openly of the bad feelings between both parents Reassure the child that he or she is not to blame for the divorce

Answer: d Rationale: Children may interpret failing marriages as their fault.

NURSINGTB.COM Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 24. Which of the following is a sign of a child’s readiness for preschool? a. b. c. d.

Mastery of toilet training Inability to separate from his or her parent Inability to express needs Hesitance to interact with peers

Answer: a Rationale: Signs of preschool readiness include mastery of toilet training, ability to tolerate separation, increased communication, and interest in participating with peers.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

25. Which of the following is an important factor a parent must consider when selecting a preschool?

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a. b. c. d.

WTB-08-16

Staff is not trained but seems interested in children There is easy access for all individuals in and out of the building Water temperature in the faucets is kept above 15°F Toys are in good condition and are age appropriate

Answer: d Rationale: Several factors are important when selecting a preschool. One is that toys should be in good condition and age appropriate.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 26. Which of the following statements most accurately describes centration, Piaget’s level of cognitive development in the preschool child? a. When the child sees the larger glass as having more when the same volume of fluid is poured into two glasses of different shapes and sizes b. When the child quickly becomes frightened when a familiar person puts on a mask and the child is no longer able to recognize them c. When the child identifies the laundry bin but throws clothing, garbage, and toys in it d. When the child undeN rsU taR ndSsIthNaGt T thB in. gC s dOoMnot disappear even if the child cannot see them Answer: b Rationale: According to Piaget, in centration, the child focuses his or her attention on one cue.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

27. The nurse recognizes that preschool children like imitative play. Which of the following is an example of this? a. b. c. d.

Reading from a story Playing on a slide Playing soccer with others Dressing up in parents’ clothes

Answer: d Rationale: Preschool children like imitative play, as it allows them to try on different roles.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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28. Fears of preschoolers are usually: a. b. c. d.

The same as older children The same as toddlers Related to their imagination Less intense than those of younger children

Answer: c Rationale: The preschool child is highly imaginative, and this plays into their fears and dreams.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

29. Which of the following is an effective way for parents to help a preschool child deal with sibling rivalry? a. b. c. d.

Have the child share her room with the new baby.

Ask her to choose toys for the new baby.

GTfoBr.mCaOnyMchildren.

Explain that the famiNlyUhRaS sI roN om Remind her that she can do many things the new sibling cannot do.

Answer: d Rationale: It is helpful for older children to be reminded that they are special and can accomplish more than their new sibling.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

30. Autism, a condition that may be seen in the preschool child, is characterized by (select all that apply): a. b. c. d.

Repetitive behavior Inactivity Incoherence Impaired communication

Answer: a, d Rationale: Autism is characterized by difficulty communicating and repetitive behaviors.

Nursing Process: Assessment

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Client Needs: Psychosocial

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Chapter 9. School Age – Test Questions

1. As 6-year-old Damian enters school, you would expect which of the following accomplishments? a. b. c. d.

A period of increased growth Relationship closer to family and more distant from peers A more self-centered person Deciduous teeth being replaced by permanent teeth

Answer:

2. Respiratory infections increase in school-age children because of: a. b. c. d.

An immature immune system A wider and shorter trachea The alveoli balloon Increased exposure to other children

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM

3. Excessive discipline in school-age children can lead to: a. b. c. d.

Insecurity Doubt Acting-out behavior Impulsiveness

Answer:

4. The characteristic thinking pattern of a 10-year-old is: a. b. c. d.

Unorganized Distinguished by an inability to understand rules Distinguished by an ability to follow rules Unfocused

Answer:

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5. School plays a vital role in 9-year-old Kevin’s life in providing: a. b. c. d.

Protection Play Nurturing Learning

Answer:

6. Moral development of the school-age child is focused on: a. b. c. d.

Revenge Hatred Reciprocity Healing

Answer: 7. Sue Ellen asks the nurse how to manage 10-year-old Keisha’s daily food intake. She can be told that breakfast should represent at least:

NURSINGTB.COM

a. b. c. d.

1/3 of the total daily intake 3/4 of the total daily intake 1/8 of the total daily intake 1/6 of the total daily intake

Answer: 8. Ten-year-old Simon’s mother tells you that Simon is unable to sleep at night. You will know that sleep deprivation can affect Simon’s: a. b. c. d.

Mental development Muscle function Social relationships Aging process

Answer:

9. Play of the school-age child typically involves: a. Same sex

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b. Mixed sex c. Noncompetitive acts d. Repetitive acts Answer:

10. Fine motor development during school age is more focused on: a. b. c. d.

Accuracy and smoothness Control and balance Gains and losses Force and balance

Answer:

11. Intense feelings of physical harm experienced by school-age children may be due to: a. b. c. d.

Peer influence Parental practices Self-will Violence on televisioNnURSINGTB.COM

Answer:

12. Lillian is sharing with you the many outward expressions of anger she has experienced with her 11-year-old son. You could tell her that this behavior represents: a. b. c. d.

A need for independence Developing self-esteem Cognitive achievement Ego integrity

Answer: 13. In Piaget’s concept of seriation, the child is able to: a. b. c. d.

Understand the relationship between the part and the whole Understand the cause-and-effect relationship Order objects according to size Outline a plan of behavior for his or her lifetime

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Answer: 14. Kohlberg’s reciprocity is when children: a. b. c. d.

Think only of themselves Begin to be concerned for others Fight parental discipline Gain independent thought

Answer:

15. The caloric intake of the school-age child is determined by: a. b. c. d.

Heart rate and blood pressure Organ maturity and function Cognitive ability Activity and metabolism

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM 16. Carol is instructed at the health clinic to limit her 9-year-old’s intake of saturated fats. She understands the instructions if she tells you she will avoid giving him: a. b. c. d.

Vegetable oils Nut oils Dairy products Sunflower oil

Answer: 17. A young couple brought their 6-year-old son to the doctor’s office concerned that he frequently awakens in the night frightened by nightmares. What would be good advice for these parents? a. b. c. d.

Give the child a glass of warm milk.

Read the child another bedtime story.

Reassure the child that he is safe and not alone.

Bring the child to your bed until he falls asleep.

Answer:

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18. Growth and development in the school-age child can be best described as: a. b. c. d.

Rapid and rhythmic Slow and irregular Rapid and consistent Slow and steady

Answer:

19. The landmark of the school-age period is the: a. b. c. d.

Onset of moral reasoning Maturing of ethical decision-making Entrance into formal school and the onset of puberty Beginning of aging and reproductive processes

Answer: 20. Which of the following is not an accomplishment of children ages 4 to 6?

NURSINGTB.COM a. b. c. d.

They begin to grow their deciduous teeth They move away from family toward peers They become less self-centered and more goal-oriented Their sexual energies are dormant

Answer:

21. Seven-year-old Amos may develop a sense of inferiority if his parents take which of the following actions? a. b. c. d.

Praise the child Ignore the child’s effort Provide positive reinforcement Guide the child

Answer:

22. The goal of school age is to provide: a. Moral development

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b. Discipline c. Self-satisfaction d. Sex role identity Answer:

23. The parent of the school-age child can be told to expect normal average growth to include: a. b. c. d.

Average weight increase of 2 to 3 kg each year Average height increase of 2 to 3 cm each year Budding of the wisdom teeth Maximum cardiac output

Answer:

24. Your neighbor is discussing a problem her 7-year-old son is having in school. She has just discovered that he is being bullied. She is handling the problem correctly if she tells you she plans to: a. b. c. d.

Go to the school and confront the bully herself Send the older child N wU ithRS hiI mNsG oT thBey.C boOthMcan handle the situation Support and encourage him to talk each day so he can cope Call the police before her son is harmed

Answer:

25. What strategies can a parent use to encourage the school-age child to complete his or her homework assignments? a. b. c. d.

Make homework the last project each evening before bedtime Leave the child alone until the homework is completed Provide attention and contact with the child during homework sessions Allow the child to decide the time and duration of homework sessions

Answer:

26. The nurse recognizes that which of the following behaviors is typical of 9-year-old boys? a. Start but rarely finish anything b. Like to pretend at play c. Enjoy secret codes with friends

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d. Play best alongside friends Answer:

27. Caregivers should understand that it is best to prepare children for sex education: a. b. c. d.

Before they ask questions In schools and churches At each child’s level of understanding Using street terms they understand

Answer:

28. The nurse understands that which of the following characterize(s) the school-age child?

(Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d. e. f.

Having slow and steady growth Placing importance on peer relationships Being somewhat goal-directed Being impulsive and demanding Forming same-sex frN ieU ndRsS hiIpN s GTB.COM Searching for identity

Answer:

29. Symptoms of mild anxiety may include (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Headache Stomachache Difficulty breathing Rapid heart rate Depression

Answer:

30. Possible contributing causes of asthma include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c.

Pollutants Dust Depression

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d. e.

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Mold Animal dander

Answer:

31. Sexual feelings during school age are often: a. b. c. d.

Explosive Openly displayed Dormant Experimented with and acted out

Answer:

32. A key point for parents and school personnel to keep in mind in recognizing depression and preventing suicide is: a. b. c. d.

Avoiding talking about suicide Keeping lines of communication open Ignoring excessive moodiness Bp.aCctOoMn depression Knowing that herN edUitRyShI asNnGoTim

Answer:

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Chapter 9. School Age – Test Questions With Answers and Rationales

1. As 6-year-old Damian enters school, you would expect which of the following accomplishments? a. b. c. d.

A period of increased growth Relationship closer to family and more distant from peers A more self-centered person Deciduous teeth being replaced by permanent teeth

Answer: d Rationale: Deciduous teeth are replaced by permanent teeth beginning usually around age 6.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

2. Respiratory infections increase in school-age children because of: a. b. c. d.

An immature immune system A wider and shorter trachea The alveoli balloon NURSINGTB.COM Increased exposure to other children

Answer: d Rationale: There is usually an increased incidence of respiratory infections once the child enters the school setting and is with many other children.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

3. Excessive discipline in school-age children can lead to: a. b. c. d.

Insecurity Doubt Acting-out behavior Impulsiveness

Answer: c Rationale: School-age children need rules and the chance to test their own decisions.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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4. The characteristic thinking pattern of a 10-year-old is: a. b. c. d.

Unorganized Distinguished by an inability to understand rules Distinguished by an ability to follow rules Unfocused

Answer: c Rationale: Ten-year-olds can follow and accept rules and regulations.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 5. School plays a vital role in 9-year-old Kevin’s life in providing: a. b. c. d.

Protection Play Nurturing Learning

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: d Rationale: A great deal of learning takes place in the school environment.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

6. Moral development of the school-age child is focused on: a. b. c. d.

Revenge Hatred Reciprocity Healing

Answer: c Rationale: School-age children start to recognize what is fair and important to others.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 7. Sue Ellen asks the nurse how to manage 10-year-old Keisha’s daily food intake. She can be told that breakfast should represent at least:

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a. b. c. d.

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1/3 of the total daily intake 3/4 of the total daily intake 1/8 of the total daily intake 1/6 of the total daily intake

Answer: a Rationale: It has been documented that breakfast is a very important part of the total daily diet.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 8. Ten-year-old Simon’s mother tells you that Simon is unable to sleep at night. You will know that sleep deprivation can affect Simon’s: a. b. c. d.

Mental development Muscle function Social relationships Aging process

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: c Rationale: Sleep deprivation can affect a person’s mood and interpersonal relationships.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

9. Play of the school-age child typically involves: a. b. c. d.

Same sex Mixed sex Noncompetitive acts Repetitive acts

Answer: a Rationale: School-age children are highly competitive and prefer to play with children of the same sex.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

10. Fine motor development during school age is more focused on:

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a. b. c. d.

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Accuracy and smoothness Control and balance Gains and losses Force and balance

Answer: a Rationale: During school age, fine motor skills are sharpened and allow the child to focus on accuracy.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

11. Intense feelings of physical harm experienced by school-age children may be due to: a. b. c. d.

Peer influence Parental practices Self-will Violence on television

Answer: d Rationale: It is believed tN haUtRvS ioI leN ncGeToB n.teCleOvM ision can produce feelings of fear and insecurity in school-age children.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

12. Lillian is sharing with you the many outward expressions of anger she has experienced with her 11-year-old son. You could tell her that this behavior represents: a. b. c. d.

A need for independence Developing self-esteem Cognitive achievement Ego integrity

Answer: a Rationale: Eleven-year-olds may express anger as part of their beginning need for separation and independence.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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13. In Piaget’s concept of seriation, the child is able to: a. b. c. d.

Understand the relationship between the part and the whole Understand the cause-and-effect relationship Order objects according to size Outline a plan of behavior for his or her lifetime

Answer: c Rationale: Seriation is Piaget’s concept that describes the ability to order and size objects.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 14. Kohlberg’s reciprocity is when children: a. b. c. d.

Think only of themselves Begin to be concerned for others Fight parental discipline Gain independent thought

Answer: b Rationale: Reciprocity imNpUliR esSaIcNoG ncTeB rn.fC orOaM nother person’s welfare.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

15. The caloric intake of the school-age child is determined by: a. b. c. d.

Heart rate and blood pressure Organ maturity and function Cognitive ability Activity and metabolism

Answer: d Rationale: Activity and metabolism determine an individual child’s caloric needs.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

16. Carol is instructed at the health clinic to limit her 9-year-old’s intake of saturated fats. She understands the instructions if she tells you she will avoid giving him:

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a. b. c. d.

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Vegetable oils Nut oils Dairy products Sunflower oil

Answer: c Rationale: Dairy products, meat, and other animal products contain saturated fats.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 17. A young couple brought their 6-year-old son to the doctor’s office concerned that he frequently awakens in the night frightened by nightmares. What would be good advice for these parents? a. b. c. d.

Give the child a glass of warm milk.

Read the child another bedtime story.

Reassure the child that he is safe and not alone.

Bring the child to your bed until he falls asleep.

Answer: c Rationale: Basic reassuraNnU ceRaS nI dN reG alT itB y. reC inOfoMrcement should relax the child back to sleep.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

18. Growth and development in the school-age child can be best described as: a. b. c. d.

Rapid and rhythmic Slow and irregular Rapid and consistent Slow and steady

Answer: d Rationale: Growth and development during the school-age period are slow and steady.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

19. The landmark of the school-age period is the: a. Onset of moral reasoning

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b. Maturing of ethical decision-making c. Entrance into formal school and the onset of puberty d. Beginning of aging and reproductive processes Answer: c Rationale: The school-age period begins with the entrance into formal school and ends with the completion of puberty.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

20. Which of the following is not an accomplishment of children ages 4 to 6? a. b. c. d.

They begin to grow their deciduous teeth They move away from family toward peers They become less self-centered and more goal-oriented Their sexual energies are dormant

Answer: a Rationale: By ages 4 to 6 years, children already have their complete set of deciduous teeth.

NeUnRt SINGTB.COM Nursing Process: Assessm Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 21. Seven-year-old Amos may develop a sense of inferiority if his parents take which of the following actions? a. b. c. d.

Praise the child Ignore the child’s effort Provide positive reinforcement Guide the child

Answer: b Rationale: Seven-year-old children work hard in school and in learning new concepts. They need praise to continue being industrious.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

22. The goal of school age is to provide: a. Moral development

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b. Discipline c. Self-satisfaction d. Sex role identity Answer: c Rationale: School-age children feel self-satisfied with their accomplishments in school.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

23. The parent of the school-age child can be told to expect normal average growth to include: a. b. c. d.

Average weight increase of 2 to 3 kg each year Average height increase of 2 to 3 cm each year Budding of the wisdom teeth Maximum cardiac output

Answer: a Rationale: During the school-age period, weight increases an average of 2 to 3 kg per year.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: PhysiologiN caUl R InSteIgN ritGyTB.COM

24. Your neighbor is discussing a problem her 7-year-old son is having in school. She has just discovered that he is being bullied. She is handling the problem correctly if she tells you she plans to: a. b. c. d.

Go to the school and confront the bully herself Send the older child with him so they both can handle the situation Support and encourage him to talk each day so he can cope Call the police before her son is harmed

Answer: c Rationale: Parental guidelines for victims of bullies involve reinforcing coping strategies through support and verbalization as well as avoiding confrontation.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

25. What strategies can a parent use to encourage the school-age child to complete his or her homework assignments?

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a. b. c. d.

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Make homework the last project each evening before bedtime Leave the child alone until the homework is completed Provide attention and contact with the child during homework sessions Allow the child to decide the time and duration of homework sessions

Answer: c Rationale: Homework is a top priority. A specific time must be set aside, and the parent should provide attention and contact with the child during the homework session.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

26. The nurse recognizes that which of the following behaviors is typical of 9-year-old boys? a. b. c. d.

Start but rarely finish anything Like to pretend at play Enjoy secret codes with friends Play best alongside friends

Answer: c Rationale: Nine-year-old boys enjoy playing with other boys and having secret clubs, codes, NURSINGTB.COM and groups.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

27. Caregivers should understand that it is best to prepare children for sex education: a. Before they ask questions b. In schools and churches c. At each child’s level of understanding d. Using street terms they understand Answer: c Rationale: Children should have sex education in terms they understand.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

28. The nurse understands that which of the following characterize(s) the school-age child?

(Select all that apply.)

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a. b. c. d. e. f.

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Having slow and steady growth Placing importance on peer relationships Being somewhat goal-directed Being impulsive and demanding Forming same-sex friendships Searching for identity

Answer: a, b, c, e Rationale: In the school-age period, growth is slow and steady, children move toward peer relationships, goals are beginning to become important, and children tend to form same-sex friendships.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

29. Symptoms of mild anxiety may include (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Headache Stomachache Difficulty breathing Rapid heart rate NURSINGTB.COM Depression

Answer: a, b Rationale: Mild anxiety has minor symptoms such as headache and stomachache, whereas severe anxiety includes difficulty breathing and rapid heart rate.

Nursing Process: Plan Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

30. Possible contributing causes of asthma include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d. e.

Pollutants Dust Depression Mold Animal dander

Answer: a, b, d, e Rationale: A variety of pollutants, including dust, mold, and animal dander, act as irritants to the respiratory tract and can lead to asthma.

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Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

31. Sexual feelings during school age are often: a. b. c. d.

Explosive Openly displayed Dormant Experimented with and acted out

Answer: c Rationale: School-age children are focused on friends, school, learning, and sometimes sports.

Sexual expression is quiet during this stage.

Nursing Process: Plan Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

32. A key point for parents and school personnel to keep in mind in recognizing depression and preventing suicide is: a. b. c. d.

Avoiding talking aboN utUsR uiSciIdN e GTB.COM Keeping lines of communication open Ignoring excessive moodiness Knowing that heredity has no impact on depression

Answer: b Rationale: Keeping the lines of communication open helps parents and school personnel stay in touch with what the individual is thinking and feeling.

Nursing Process: Plan Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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Chapter 10. Puberty and Adolescence – Test Questions

1. In girls, puberty ends with the: a. b. c. d.

Onset of menstruation Maturation of the ovaries Onset of the climacteric Secretion of corticosteroids

Answer:

2. One of the major changes of puberty is: a. b. c. d.

Decreased growth Change in body proportion Breakdown of muscle mass Atrophy of fat cells

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM

3. Secondary sex characteristics include: a. b. c. d.

Release of testosterone Release of estrogen Maturation of the gonads Increased activity of the sweat glands

Answer:

4. The adolescent period ends with: a. b. c. d.

Mental development Sexual maturity Physical maturity Social development

Answer:

5. Adolescents who are not accepted and cannot engage in group activities are often:

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a. b. c. d.

Happy Confident Resentful Fulfilled

Answer:

6. Formal operative thought processes allow for: a. b. c. d.

Intuitive thought Abstract thought Criminal acts Distorted beliefs

Answer: 7. The adolescent’s moral decisions are usually made based on a concept of: a. b. c. d.

Honor Forgiveness Duty Right and wrong

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer:

8. Which of the following promote(s) a healthy lifestyle? a. b. c. d.

Genes Cells Good nutrition Prophylactic drugs

Answer:

9. Prolonged sadness may be a sign of: a. b. c. d.

Retardation Depression Withdrawal Ambivalence

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Answer:

10. In a year, adolescent male children can grow as much as: a. b. c. d.

4 to 12 inches 2 to 8 inches 1 to 2 inches 6 to 8 inches

Answer:

11. The average blood loss during menstrual flow is: a. b. c. d.

30 to 60 mL 10 to 15 mL 5 to 10 mL 50 to 100 mL

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM

12. Deepening of the voice in male adolescents is caused by: a. b. c. d.

Increased size of the trachea Narrowing of the larynx Enlargement of the vocal cords Narrowing of the windpipe

Answer:

13. Feelings of self-doubt in the teenage years can be stimulated by: a. b. c. d.

Closeness to peers Belonging to a gang Feelings of attachment to someone Inability to select a goal

Answer:

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14. Bulimia is an eating disorder characterized by: a. b. c. d.

Willful starvation Eating binges followed by purging A continued feeling of fullness Excessive weight gain

Answer:

15. In teen health promotion, the nurse must emphasize: a. b. c. d.

Fine motor coordination Gross motor coordination Avoiding hearing loss Improving peripheral vision

Answer:

16. Fifteen-year-old Vista complains of fatigue and weakness. A common cause of these symptoms in girls Vista’s age is:

NURSINGTB.COM

a. b. c. d.

Depression Drug abuse Anemia Bulimia

Answer:

17. The predominant experience shared by adolescents is: a. b. c. d.

Heightened feelings of security Reaching out to others Testing values and beliefs Feelings of inclusiveness

Answer: 18. The teen’s need for freedom and independence may result in: a. Renewed closeness to parents b. Identification with the parent of the opposite sex

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c. Mimicking behavior of the parent of the same sex d. Moving away from the family and home Answer:

19. The incidence of depression increases at adolescence because of: a. b. c. d.

An immature nervous system Lack of relaxing hormones Increased demands placed on the teenager Mimicking peer behavior

Answer:

20. Which of the following is a common frustration experienced by teens? a. b. c. d.

Increased independence Concern about their appearance Lack of industry Decreased need for sleep

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: 21. Piaget’s formal operational period extends from: a. b. c. d.

Birth to 2 years 2 to 7 years 7 to 11 years 11 years and older

Answer:

22. All of the following are possible warning signs of a potential suicide attempt except: a. b. c. d.

Withdrawal or moodiness Giving away prized possessions Consistent school grades Eating disorders

Answer:

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23. Masturbation: a. b. c. d.

Causes disease Causes one to reject sex with anyone else Is a recognized aspect of sexuality Is abnormal

Answer:

24. Preparing a young girl for her first menstrual period: a. b. c. d.

Leads to early maturation Is often unnecessary Results in more positive attitudes about it Creates more stress for the individual

Answer: 25. How is the AIDS virus transmitted?

NURSINGTB.COM a. b. c. d.

By hugging someone By sharing utensils By sharing a bathroom Through transfer of intimate body fluids like semen

Answer:

26. Puberty is best defined as the period in which: a. b. c. d.

Visual maturity is achieved The individual attains object permanence The individual attains preoperational thought The body prepares for reproduction

Answer:

27. A parent may suspect their teenage son is using drugs because of which of the following?

(Select all that apply.)

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a. b. c. d. e.

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Seeking more privacy Lack of interest in friends Change in appetite Episodes of watery eyes Change in hygiene habits

Answer:

28. The nurse completing a history and physical assessment on a teenager recognizes that this patient binges on alcohol because he states: a. b. c. d.

“I have a beer once I’ve finished studying at night” “We party every weekend, and I have five to six shots of vodka in a row” “When we play baseball and win, we celebrate with two shots of bourbon” “I have a glass of wine occasionally when I’m with friends”

Answer: 29. After several weeks in rehabilitation, 15-year-old Carol tells the nurse “to regain all this weight lost when I get ouNt U ofRhSeI reN , IG’lT l nBe. edCO toMhave a few energy drinks each day.” The nurse’s best response is: a. b. c. d.

“Yes, that will put the weight back on quickly and boost your energy” “They do provide multiple important nutrients that your body needs” “These drinks are high in caffeine, which can affect your heart, kidneys, and liver” “They provide good protection against diabetes”

Answer:

30. To promote self-esteem in the adolescent, parents must be which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d. e.

Sensitive Respectful Demanding Combative Supportive

Answer:

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31. The nurse at the health clinic must encourage the adolescent boy or girl to receive which of the following? a. b. c. d.

Second dose of varicella vaccine Human papillomavirus immunization Hepatitis B vaccine Pneumococcal immunization

Answer:

32. The mother shouting at her teenage son that his room and clothing smell does not understand that at this age: a. b. c. d.

Bedwetting still occurs frequently because the bladder is growing The rate of pubic hair growth increases the production of the oil glands Boys often change their clothes Sweat glands enlarge and produce an odorous secretion.

Answer: Chapter 10. Puberty anN dUARdS olIeN scG enTcB e.

–CTO esMt Questions With Answers and Rationales

1. In girls, puberty ends with the: a. b. c. d.

Onset of menstruation Maturation of the ovaries Onset of the climacteric Secretion of corticosteroids

Answer: a Rationale: The onset of menses signals the end of puberty.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

2. One of the major changes of puberty is: a. b. c. d.

Decreased growth Change in body proportion Breakdown of muscle mass Atrophy of fat cells

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Answer: b Rationale: Marked growth and a change in body proportion occur during puberty.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

3. Secondary sex characteristics include: a. b. c. d.

Release of testosterone Release of estrogen Maturation of the gonads Increased activity of the sweat glands

Answer: d Rationale: The sweat glands become active during puberty.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 4. The adolescent period NenUdRs S wIitN h:GTB.COM a. b. c. d.

Mental development Sexual maturity Physical maturity Social development

Answer: c Rationale: Physical maturity is attained during adolescence.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

5. Adolescents who are not accepted and cannot engage in group activities are often: a. b. c. d.

Happy Confident Resentful Fulfilled

Answer: c Rationale: Adolescents need peers and group activities to promote a healthy self-image.

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Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

6. Formal operative thought processes allow for: a. b. c. d.

Intuitive thought Abstract thought Criminal acts Distorted beliefs

Answer: b Rationale: According to Piaget, abstract thinking occurs during school age when much learning occurs.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 7. The adolescent’s moral decisions are usually made based on a concept of:

NURSINGTB.COM a. b. c. d.

Honor Forgiveness Duty Right and wrong

Answer: d Rationale: Moral decisions are influenced by one’s concept of right and wrong.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

8. Which of the following promote(s) a healthy lifestyle? a. b. c. d.

Genes Cells Good nutrition Prophylactic drugs

Answer: c Rationale: Good nutrition promotes a healthy lifestyle.

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Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

9. Prolonged sadness may be a sign of: a. b. c. d.

Retardation Depression Withdrawal Ambivalence

Answer: b Rationale: Intense sadness may signal the onset of depression.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

10. In a year, adolescent male children can grow as much as: a. b. c. d.

4 to 12 inches 2 to 8 inches 1 to 2 inches 6 to 8 inches

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer: a Rationale: Male teens frequently grow 4 to 12 inches per year.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

11. The average blood loss during menstrual flow is: a. b. c. d.

30 to 60 mL 10 to 15 mL 5 to 10 mL 50 to 100 mL

Answer: a Rationale: Usual blood loss during menstruation is about 30 to 60 mL. Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

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12. Deepening of the voice in male adolescents is caused by: a. b. c. d.

Increased size of the trachea Narrowing of the larynx Enlargement of the vocal cords Narrowing of the windpipe

Answer: c Rationale: Vocal cords become enlarged during adolescence, causing a deepening of the voice.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

13. Feelings of self-doubt in the teenage years can be stimulated by: a. b. c. d.

Closeness to peers Belonging to a gang Feelings of attachment to someone Inability to select a goal

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: d Rationale: Teens have a great deal of difficulty selecting a vocation or goal.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

14. Bulimia is an eating disorder characterized by: a. b. c. d.

Willful starvation Eating binges followed by purging A continued feeling of fullness Excessive weight gain

Answer: b Rationale: Bulimia is defined as an eating disorder characterized by binging and purging.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

15. In teen health promotion, the nurse must emphasize:

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a. b. c. d.

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Fine motor coordination Gross motor coordination Avoiding hearing loss Improving peripheral vision

Answer: c Rationale: Hearing loss can occur during the teen years as a result of listening to very loud music.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

16. Fifteen-year-old Vista complains of fatigue and weakness. A common cause of these symptoms in girls Vista’s age is: a. b. c. d.

Depression Drug abuse Anemia Bulimia

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: c Rationale: Teenagers may be prone to anemia secondary to inadequate diets.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

17. The predominant experience shared by adolescents is: a. b. c. d.

Heightened feelings of security Reaching out to others Testing values and beliefs Feelings of inclusiveness

Answer: c Rationale: Adolescents test out values and beliefs as part of learning to incorporate these into their own belief system.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 18. The teen’s need for freedom and independence may result in:

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a. b. c. d.

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Renewed closeness to parents Identification with the parent of the opposite sex Mimicking behavior of the parent of the same sex Moving away from the family and home

Answer: d Rationale: Teens need freedom and independence to try out new roles and beliefs.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

19. The incidence of depression increases at adolescence because of: a. b. c. d.

An immature nervous system Lack of relaxing hormones Increased demands placed on the teenager Mimicking peer behavior

Answer: c Rationale: Society places great demands on teens. They are expected to act grown up, to select a career path, and to takeNoU nRreSspIoNnG siT biB lit.yC . OM Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

20. Which of the following is a common frustration experienced by teens? a. b. c. d.

Increased independence Concern about their appearance Lack of industry Decreased need for sleep

Answer: b Rationale: Teens express added concerns about their appearance.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 21. Piaget’s formal operational period extends from: a. Birth to 2 years

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b. 2 to 7 years c. 7 to 11 years d. 11 years and older Answer: d Rationale: Formal operational thinking is more logical than concrete thinking, and it begins during puberty.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

22. All of the following are possible warning signs of a potential suicide attempt except: a. b. c. d.

Withdrawal or moodiness Giving away prized possessions Consistent school grades Eating disorders

Answer: c Rationale: Consistent school grades do not indicate the possibility of severe depression leading to a suicide attempt.

NURSINGTB.COM

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

23. Masturbation: a. b. c. d.

Causes disease Causes one to reject sex with anyone else Is a recognized aspect of sexuality Is abnormal

Answer: c Rationale: Masturbation is a normal part of sexual expression and has no harmful effects.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

24. Preparing a young girl for her first menstrual period: a. Leads to early maturation b. Is often unnecessary

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c. Results in more positive attitudes about it d. Creates more stress for the individual Answer: c Rationale: Adequate preparation leads to a more positive initial experience.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

25. How is the AIDS virus transmitted? a. b. c. d.

By hugging someone By sharing utensils By sharing a bathroom Through transfer of intimate body fluids like semen

Answer: d Rationale: The AIDS virus is spread through contact with semen or through vaginal, rectal, or oral intercourse.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: PsychosocN iaU l IRnS teI grN itG y TB.COM

26. Puberty is best defined as the period in which: a. b. c. d.

Visual maturity is achieved The individual attains object permanence The individual attains preoperational thought The body prepares for reproduction

Answer: d Rationale: Puberty describes the period of development in which the body prepares for the changes necessary for reproduction.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

27. A parent may suspect their teenage son is using drugs because of which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. b.

Seeking more privacy Lack of interest in friends

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c. d. e.

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Change in appetite Episodes of watery eyes Change in hygiene habits

Answer: b, c, e Rationale: Signs of drug abuse include lack of interest in friends, change in appetite, and change in hygiene habits.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

28. The nurse completing a history and physical assessment on a teenager recognizes that this patient binges on alcohol because he states: a. b. c. d.

“I have a beer once I’ve finished studying at night” “We party every weekend, and I have five to six shots of vodka in a row” “When we play baseball and win, we celebrate with two shots of bourbon” “I have a glass of wine occasionally when I’m with friends”

Answer: b Rationale: Binge drinking is defined as five or more drinks in a row for men and four or more in a row for women withN inU2RhSoI urN s.GTB.COM Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 29. After several weeks in rehabilitation, 15-year-old Carol tells the nurse “to regain all this weight lost when I get out of here, I’ll need to have a few energy drinks each day.” The nurse’s best response is: a. b. c. d.

“Yes, that will put the weight back on quickly and boost your energy” “They do provide multiple important nutrients that your body needs” “These drinks are high in caffeine, which can affect your heart, kidneys, and liver” “They provide good protection against diabetes”

Answer: c Rationale: Energy drinks are fortified with sugar, caffeine—which is a stimulant—and other types of dietary supplements that can lead to diabetes, heart disease, and liver and kidney disease.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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30. To promote self-esteem in the adolescent, parents must be which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d. e.

Sensitive Respectful Demanding Combative Supportive

Answer: a, b, e Rationale: To promote self-esteem in the adolescent, parents must be sensitive, respectful, positive, and supportive and encourage and praise achievements.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

31. The nurse at the health clinic must encourage the adolescent boy or girl to receive which of the following? a. b. c. d.

Second dose of vaNrU icR elS laIvN acGcT inB e .COM Human papillomavirus immunization Hepatitis B vaccine Pneumococcal immunization

Answer: b Rationale: Boys and girls should receive the human papillomavirus vaccine at age 11 to 12 years old. This—and many other immunizations—is underutilized, and the nurse has a responsibility to contribute to health promotion.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion

32. The mother shouting at her teenage son that his room and clothing smell does not understand that at this age: a. b. c. d.

Bedwetting still occurs frequently because the bladder is growing The rate of pubic hair growth increases the production of the oil glands Boys often change their clothes Sweat glands enlarge and produce an odorous secretion.

Answer: d

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Rationale: In adolescents, the body is rapidly growing, body systems are developing, and there is an increase in height and weight, muscle and bone mass, and sweat glands become active.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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Chapter 11. Early Adulthood – Test Questions

1. Early adulthood is a period of: a. b. c. d.

Beginning decline Peak efficiency Increased illness Decreased cognitive ability

Answer:

2. Forty-year-old Sarah complains that she is recently unable to see objects at close range.

This condition is known as: a. b. c. d.

Amblyopia Diplopia Presbyopia Strabismus

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM

3. The most common type of hearing loss seen in the early adult years is: a. b. c. d.

Low-frequency Mixed acoustic Close noises High-frequency

Answer:

4. Which of the following is a cardiovascular change typical of early adulthood? a. b. c. d.

Moderate increase in cardiac output Increased elasticity of the blood vessels Increased blood pressure Decreased muscle strength

Answer:

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5. John is diagnosed with skin cancer. The most common contributing factor is: a. b. c. d.

Inadequate exposure to sunlight Decreased pigmentation in the skin Loss of collagen in skin cells Excessive exposure to ultraviolet light

Answer:

6. Thirty-five-year-old Helen is 40 pounds overweight. Obesity is commonly associated with: a. b. c. d.

Heart disease Osteoporosis Positive health outcomes Poor health promotion

Answer:

7. During early adulthood, which of the following changes occurs in bone? a. b. c. d.

Bone cell productionNcU eaRsS esINGTB.COM Bone continues to grow Bone cells get deposited at the site of injury Bone becomes large and overgrown

Answer: 8. The muscles’ capacity for maximum work is best between which of the following ages? a. b. c. d.

40 and 50 30 and 40 25 and 35 35 and 40

Answer:

9. As part of a pulmonary function test, the doctor measures vital capacity. Vital capacity refers to the lungs’ ability to: a. Retain air on expiration b. Hold an above normal capacity of air

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c. Move air in and out d. Hold maximum air capacity Answer:

10. The speed at which adults respond to a stimulus is called: a. b. c. d.

Refraction time Reaction time Encoding Logging

Answer:

11. In order for adults to reach their maximum capacity for sharing, they must have: a. Mastered sexuality b. Had an identity crisis c. Introspection d. Self-reliance

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer:

12. Sexism is defined by which of the following? a. b. c. d.

Laws enacted to balance the interests of men and women Beliefs in the workplace that cause potential conflict between the sexes Attitudes that lead to discrimination against one sex Conflict with the line of authority

Answer:

13. One of the characteristics of a mature friendship is: a. b. c. d.

Admiration Opportunity Centrality Reciprocity

Answer:

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14. Intelligence tests measure: a. b. c. d.

Unknown quantities Basic recall Unknown content Short-term memory

Answer:

15. The most beneficial learning environment for the adult learner is one of: a. b. c. d.

Open criticism Mistrust Minimal support Mutual respect

Answer: 16. The motivating force for the adult learner is:

NURSINGTB.COM a. b. c. d.

Recognition Socialization Appropriateness Memory encoding

Answer:

17. Which of the following has the highest risk of heart disease? a. b. c. d.

A 36-year-old man with a cholesterol level of 210 A 27-year-old patient whose dietary protein intake is 15% of the total intake A 40-year-old patient whose intake of fat is 50% of the daily intake A 20-year-old man on a vegetarian diet

Answer:

18. Thirty-eight-year-old Sandra complains of insomnia. You would instruct her that in order to relieve the insomnia, it is best if she: a. Eats a high-fat meal 1/2 hour before sleep

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b. Exercises in the early afternoon c. Goes to bed only when she is tired d. Gets into bed and watches television Answer:

19. Resistance exercise is usually recommended in health promotion to provide: a. b. c. d.

Increased muscle mass Increased cardiac output Decreased joint pain Increased muscle relaxation

Answer:

20. Sally had her yearly Pap smear; the result is a class II. You would interpret this to mean that Sally: a. b. c. d.

Has cancer of the uterus Has a normal smear Has atypical cells NURSINGTB.COM Has cancer of the ovary

Answer:

21. Breast self-examination is best performed: a. b. c. d.

Immediately after menstruation 1 week after menstruation Immediately before menstruation 1 week before menstruation

Answer:

22. The most ideal form of birth control: a. b. c. d.

Is expensive Is safe Suppresses uterine activity Increases gonadotropins

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Answer:

23. Women can expect a gradual decline in bone mass after age: a. b. c. d.

20 35 18 60

Answer:

24. Which of the following is not a cause of increased muscle mass in men in the early adult period? a. b. c. d.

Nutrition Exercise Testosterone Progesterone

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM

25. The most common dental problem associated with the young adult is: a. b. c. d.

Malaligned teeth Malocclusion Gingivitis Oral abscess

Answer:

26. The leading cause of death from cancer in both men and women is: a. b. c. d.

Lung cancer Leukemia AIDS Rectal cancer

Answer:

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27. The health care worker is discussing physical changes that occur in early adulthood with a group of patients. She is correct if she states the (select all that apply): a. Brain size increases b. Vital capacity increases c. Bone mass peaks d. Basal metabolic rate increases e. Visual acuity declines Answer:

28. The nurse discussing diet and nutrition in the workplace with a group of women in their early adult years cautions them to decrease their intake of foods that contain cholesterol because this can lead to (select all that apply): a. Deposits along the walls of the blood vessels b. Blockage of blood flow to the heart c. A heart attack d. Lower blood sugar level e. Reduced elasticity in the lungs

NURSINGTB.COM Answer:

29. To prevent loss of bone mass, women are advised to get adequate amounts of which of the following vitamins in their diet? a. A b. B c. C d. D Answer:

30. After a colonoscopy, a patient asks what she can do to lower her risk of colon cancer. You tell her research indicates she should eat more monounsaturated fats. Which of the following should she include in her diet? a. Whole milk b. Butter and cheese c. Avocados d. Red meat

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Answer: Chapter 11. Early Adulthood – Test Questions With Answers and Rationales

1. Early adulthood is a period of: a. b. c. d.

Beginning decline Peak efficiency Increased illness Decreased cognitive ability

Answer: b Rationale: Body performance is at its optimal level of functioning during early adulthood.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

2. Forty-year-old Sarah complains that she is recently unable to see objects at close range.

This condition is known N asU: RSINGTB.COM a. b. c. d.

Amblyopia Diplopia Presbyopia Strabismus

Answer: c Rationale: Presbyopia is defined as the inability to see objects at close range.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

3. The most common type of hearing loss seen in the early adult years is: a. b. c. d.

Low-frequency Mixed acoustic Close noises High-frequency

Answer: d Rationale: High-frequency tones are lost first in the adult years.

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Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

4. Which of the following is a cardiovascular change typical of early adulthood? a. b. c. d.

Moderate increase in cardiac output Increased elasticity of the blood vessels Increased blood pressure Decreased muscle strength

Answer: a Rationale: Maximum cardiac output is reached during ages 20 through 30.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

5. John is diagnosed with skin cancer. The most common contributing factor is: a. b. c. d.

Inadequate exposure to sunlight Decreased pigmentatNioUnRinStIhN eG skTinB.COM Loss of collagen in skin cells Excessive exposure to ultraviolet light

Answer: d Rationale: Studies have shown that excessive, unprotected exposure to the sun and its ultraviolet rays is a major cause of skin cancer.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

6. Thirty-five-year-old Helen is 40 pounds overweight. Obesity is commonly associated with: a. b. c. d.

Heart disease Osteoporosis Positive health outcomes Poor health promotion

Answer: a Rationale: Obesity can place added demands and stress on the cardiovascular system, leading to heart disease.

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Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

7. During early adulthood, which of the following changes occurs in bone? a. b. c. d.

Bone cell production ceases Bone continues to grow Bone cells get deposited at the site of injury Bone becomes large and overgrown

Answer: c Rationale: The typical response of bones to injury is to send bone cells to the injured site to start the healing process.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 8. The muscles’ capacity for maximum work is best between which of the following ages? a. b. c. d.

40 and 50 30 and 40 25 and 35 35 and 40

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer: c Rationale: Muscle performance is at its peak during the early adult period.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

9. As part of a pulmonary function test, the doctor measures vital capacity. Vital capacity refers to the lungs’ ability to: a. b. c. d.

Retain air on expiration Hold an above normal capacity of air Move air in and out Hold maximum air capacity

Answer: c Rationale: Vital capacity is defined as the ability of the lungs to move air in and out.

Nursing Process: Planning

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Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

10. The speed at which adults respond to a stimulus is called: a. b. c. d.

Refraction time Reaction time Encoding Logging

Answer: b Rationale: Reaction time is the amount of time it takes for a response to a stimulus.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

11. In order for adults to reach their maximum capacity for sharing, they must have: a. b. c. d.

Mastered sexuality Had an identity crisis Introspection NURSINGTB.COM Self-reliance

Answer: c Rationale: Introspection is a developed ability that permits insight and a sharing of thoughts.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

12. Sexism is defined by which of the following? a. b. c. d.

Laws enacted to balance the interests of men and women Beliefs in the workplace that cause potential conflict between the sexes Attitudes that lead to discrimination against one sex Conflict with the line of authority

Answer: c Rationale: Sexism is defined as the discrimination against another based on sexual identity.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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13. One of the characteristics of a mature friendship is: a. b. c. d.

Admiration Opportunity Centrality Reciprocity

Answer: d Rationale: Reciprocity is the ability to give and take in a relationship.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

14. Intelligence tests measure: a. b. c. d.

Unknown quantities Basic recall Unknown content Short-term memory

Answer: b Rationale: Most intelligeN ncUeRteSsI ts NsiG mTpB ly.mCeOasMure recall.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

15. The most beneficial learning environment for the adult learner is one of: a. b. c. d.

Open criticism Mistrust Minimal support Mutual respect

Answer: d Rationale: Adult learners need to be respected and valued to flourish and succeed.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

16. The motivating force for the adult learner is: a. Recognition

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b. Socialization c. Appropriateness d. Memory encoding Answer: a Rationale: Adults benefit from being recognized and valued. This serves to motivate their learning.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

17. Which of the following has the highest risk of heart disease? a. b. c. d.

A 36-year-old man with a cholesterol level of 210 A 27-year-old patient whose dietary protein intake is 15% of the total intake A 40-year-old patient whose intake of fat is 50% of the daily intake A 20-year-old man on a vegetarian diet

Answer: c Rationale: High fat intake places a person at high risk of heart disease.

Nursing Process: EvaluatNioUnRSINGTB.COM Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

18. Thirty-eight-year-old Sandra complains of insomnia. You would instruct her that in order to relieve the insomnia, it is best if she: a. b. c. d.

Eats a high-fat meal 1/2 hour before sleep Exercises in the early afternoon Goes to bed only when she is tired Gets into bed and watches television

Answer: c Rationale: To promote good sleeping habits, it is suggested that adults use the bedroom for sleeping rather than watching television or reading.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

19. Resistance exercise is usually recommended in health promotion to provide: a. Increased muscle mass

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b. Increased cardiac output c. Decreased joint pain d. Increased muscle relaxation Answer: a Rationale: Exercise that uses resistance helps build muscle mass.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

20. Sally had her yearly Pap smear; the result is a class II. You would interpret this to mean that Sally: a. b. c. d.

Has cancer of the uterus Has a normal smear Has atypical cells Has cancer of the ovary

Answer: c Rationale: Class II Pap results indicate the presence of abnormal cells, which need further investigation.

NURSINGTB.COM

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

21. Breast self-examination is best performed: a. b. c. d.

Immediately after menstruation 1 week after menstruation Immediately before menstruation 1 week before menstruation

Answer: b Rationale: The best time to perform breast self-examination is about 1 week after menses, when hormonal stimulation has subsided.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

22. The most ideal form of birth control: a. Is expensive

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b. Is safe c. Suppresses uterine activity d. Increases gonadotropins Answer: b Rationale: Many methods of birth control are available. One must choose the method that is safest and promotes a healthy lifestyle.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

23. Women can expect a gradual decline in bone mass after age: a. b. c. d.

20 35 18 60

Answer: b Rationale: Peak bone mass is attained by age 35.

Nursing Process: PlanninNgURSINGTB.COM Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

24. Which of the following is not a cause of increased muscle mass in men in the early adult period? a. b. c. d.

Nutrition Exercise Testosterone Progesterone

Answer: d Rationale: Muscle mass increases in men with increased testosterone, exercise, and enhanced diet.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

25. The most common dental problem associated with the young adult is: a. Malaligned teeth

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b. Malocclusion c. Gingivitis d. Oral abscess Answer: c Rationale: Gingivitis is caused by poor dental hygiene occurring over a period of time.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

26. The leading cause of death from cancer in both men and women is: a. b. c. d.

Lung cancer Leukemia AIDS Rectal cancer

Answer: a Rationale: Lung cancer related to smoking is the leading cause of death in both men and women.

Nursing Process: PlanninNgURSINGTB.COM Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

27. The health care worker is discussing physical changes that occur in early adulthood with a group of patients. She is correct if she states the (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Brain size increases Vital capacity increases Bone mass peaks Basal metabolic rate increases Visual acuity declines

Answer: c, e Rationale: During early adulthood, most body functions begin to decline, though bone mass is at its peak.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

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28. The nurse discussing diet and nutrition in the workplace with a group of women in their early adult years cautions them to decrease their intake of foods that contain cholesterol because this can lead to (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Deposits along the walls of the blood vessels Blockage of blood flow to the heart A heart attack Lower blood sugar level Reduced elasticity in the lungs

Answer: a, b, c Rationale: Cholesterol intake leaves deposits on the walls of the blood vessels, causing narrowing and blockage of the flow of blood to the heart, which may cause a heart attack.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Health Promotion

29. To prevent loss of bone mass, women are advised to get adequate amounts of which of the following vitamins in their diet? a. b. c. d.

A B C D

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer: d Rationale: Diets containing an adequate amount of vitamin D help maintain bone mass.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion

30. After a colonoscopy, a patient asks what she can do to lower her risk of colon cancer. You tell her research indicates she should eat more monounsaturated fats. Which of the following should she include in her diet? a. b. c. d.

Whole milk Butter and cheese Avocados Red meat

Answer: c Rationale: Monounsaturated fats are found in canola, peanut, and olive oils; almonds; cashews; hazelnuts; and avocados.

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Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion

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Chapter 12. Middle Adulthood – Test Questions

1. Physiological changes in middle age commonly: a. b. c. d.

Occur at the same time for all Come on rapidly Cause a high incidence of depression Occur at different times for different people

Answer:

2. In middle age, the bones become more porous because of: a. b. c. d.

Loss of bone cells Increased bone mass Increased calcification Loss of minerals

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM 3. Forty-two-year-old Beverly has a history of periodontal disease. You would instruct her that to prevent a flare-up, she should: a. b. c. d.

Increase her intake of sucrose Increase her intake of calcium Keep the oral mucosa dry Perform proper dental care

Answer:

4. Melissa, on her 37th birthday, asks what is causing the wrinkles on her skin. She should be told that this occurs because of: a. b. c. d.

Loss of fluid in the tissues Loss of elasticity in the skin Increased collagen deposition in the skin Hypopigmentation

Answer:

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5. The major role change during middle age is: a. b. c. d.

Older children moving back home Grown children leaving home The loss of self-identity Unmet procreation needs

Answer:

6. Menopause usually occurs between: a. b. c. d.

30 and 40 years 35 and 45 years 45 and 55 years 25 and 35 years

Answer: 7. The major difference in physiological changes between men and women during middle age is:

NURSINGTB.COM a. b. c. d.

Men lose their ability to procreate Women lose their ability to procreate Most men maintain their earlier body weight Most women lose more fat cells than do men

Answer:

8. Self-absorption, when seen in middle age, is most commonly due to: a. b. c. d.

Depression Unresolved generativity Social isolation Financial isolation

Answer:

9. The leading cause of death in middle age is: a. Heart disease b. Pulmonary disease

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c. Diabetes d. Brain tumor Answer:

10. The period of middle age is often depicted as a time of: a. b. c. d.

Peak physical attractiveness Lack of control over one’s life Decline in function Peak health

Answer: 11. Grandparenting has changed today, in that today’s grandparents: a. b. c. d.

Usually do not get involved in childcare Are generally isolated from their grandchildren Are generally older in appearance May have a more youthful appearance

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: 12. Brooke is caring for her elderly mother since her father’s death. In order to promote a healthy relationship, you advise Brooke to: a. b. c. d.

Decrease physical contact Reduce physical stimuli Continuously orient her mother to time and place Use caregiver relief

Answer:

13. Forty-year-old Lisa tells you she used to wear a dress size 8, and now she is a size 10. She also tells you she has not changed her exercise patterns or increased her food intake. What explanation would you offer her? a. “One’s metabolic rate normally decreases during this stage of development, and this results in fat retention and weight gain.” b. “It is not unusual to have a redistribution of your weight at this time.”

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c. “Continued exercise can often cause increased muscle mass and change in clothing size.” d. “Decreased physical exercise will slow metabolism and cause weight gain.”

Answer:

14. The most common type of medical problem seen in middle age is: a. b. c. d.

Urinary tract infection Bowel incontinence Cataract formation Wear and tear on bone

Answer:

15. John, aged 42, has been complaining of difficulty voiding. The most common cause of voiding difficulty in this age group is: a. b. c. d.

Decreased testosterone Atrophy of the gonads Urinary tract infectioNnURSINGTB.COM Enlarged prostate

Answer:

16. Which of the following goals is not generally associated with middle adulthood? a. Adjusting to new family roles b. Establishing new family roles c. Accelerated motor activity d. Enjoying economic stability Answer:

17. Which factor may contribute to a healthy retirement? a. b. c. d.

Having enjoyable leisure activities Having enough money Living in a warm, sunny climate Living with people of the same age

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Answer:

18. A slight increase in blood pressure associated with middle age is due to: a. b. c. d.

Increased respiratory effort Loss of elasticity in the heart muscle Increased cardiac muscle recovery Decline in diaphragmatic performance

Answer:

19. Hair growth pattern is generally influenced by: a. b. c. d.

Culture Race Endocrine glands Apocrine glands

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM 20. A decrease in peripheral vision as one ages is caused by: a. b. c. d.

Thinning of the lens Loss of peripheral circulation Thickening and increased opacity of the lens Increased muscle tone

Answer:

21. Bob is 49 years old and troubled by his age and some of the related changes he notices.

His physician explained that he is experiencing the climacteric. She described the male climacteric as: a. b. c. d.

The loss of reproductive ability Any abrupt change in the body The cessation of menstruation The male change of life

Answer:

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22. What is true of the relationship between middle-aged adults and their aging parents? a. b. c. d.

Bonds tend to weaken Aging parents become dependent on their middle-aged children Bonds tend to strengthen Aging parents move physically and emotionally far away from their grown children

Answer:

23. A 55-year-old woman discusses her changing family life with you. She has two adult children: one attends school in another state far from home and the other is married and living 1,000 miles away. She complains that she hardly ever gets to see them anymore. Which would be the most therapeutic response? a. b. c. d.

“It is common to feel this way during menopause.”

“It is interesting that both your children have chosen to live far away.”

“You need to get over this and start living for yourself.”

“What interests and plans do you now have for yourself?”

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM

24. During middle adulthood, the gradual loss of muscle strength can best be prevented by which of the following? a. b. c. d.

Staying active Taking vitamins Using relaxation methods Supplementing diet with energy drinks

Answer:

25. The nurse in a community setting provides guidance and educates middle-aged clients as to the developmental tasks of this stage, including (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e. f.

Adjusting to menopause Establishing a positive influence on one’s children and community Adjusting to role changes Establishing leisure interests Possibly changing careers Adjusting to changes in sexuality

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Answer: Chapter 12. Middle Adulthood – Test Questions With Answers and Rationales

1. Physiological changes in middle age commonly: a. b. c. d.

Occur at the same time for all Come on rapidly Cause a high incidence of depression Occur at different times for different people

Answer: d Rationale: Physiological changes occur at different times for different individuals.

Nursing process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

2. In middle age, the bones become more porous because of: a. b. c. d.

Loss of bone cells Increased bone massNURSINGTB.COM Increased calcification Loss of minerals

Answer: d Rationale: Demineralization, or the loss of mineral salts, causes bones to weaken and become porous.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

3. Forty-two-year-old Beverly has a history of periodontal disease. You would instruct her that to prevent a flare-up, she should: a. b. c. d.

Increase her intake of sucrose Increase her intake of calcium Keep the oral mucosa dry Perform proper dental care

Answer: d Rationale: Proper home dental care prevents gum disease and tooth loss.

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Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

4. Melissa, on her 37th birthday, asks what is causing the wrinkles on her skin. She should be told that this occurs because of: a. b. c. d.

Loss of fluid in the tissues Loss of elasticity in the skin Increased collagen deposition in the skin Hypopigmentation

Answer: b Rationale: The loss of elasticity in the skin causes the appearance of wrinkles.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

5. The major role change during middle age is: a. b. c. d.

Older children moving back home IeNGTB.COM Grown children leavN inU gR hoSm The loss of self-identity Unmet procreation needs

Answer: b Rationale: A significant role change occurs in the period of middle age when children become independent and go out on their own.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

6. Menopause usually occurs between: a. b. c. d.

30 and 40 years 35 and 45 years 45 and 55 years 25 and 35 years

Answer: c Rationale: The exact age at which menopause occurs varies in individuals, but it usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55 years.

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Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

7. The major difference in physiological changes between men and women during middle age is: a. b. c. d.

Men lose their ability to procreate Women lose their ability to procreate Most men maintain their earlier body weight Most women lose more fat cells than do men

Answer: b Rationale: Women are unable to bear children after menopause, whereas men retain the ability to father a child until later in life.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

8. Self-absorption, when seen in middle age, is most commonly due to: a. b. c. d.

NURSINGTB.COM Depression Unresolved generativity Social isolation Financial isolation

Answer: b Rationale: The task for the middle years is generativity. Failure to achieve this can lead to self-absorption.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

9. The leading cause of death in middle age is: a. b. c. d.

Heart disease Pulmonary disease Diabetes Brain tumor

Answer: a Rationale: Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in middle age.

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Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

10. The period of middle age is often depicted as a time of: a. b. c. d.

Peak physical attractiveness Lack of control over one’s life Decline in function Peak health

Answer: c Rationale: Youth-oriented society often depicts middle age as a decline in function.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 11. Grandparenting has changed today, in that today’s grandparents: a. b. c. d.

Usually do not get involved in childcare Are generally isolated from their grandchildren Are generally older iN nU apRpS eaIrN anGcT e B.COM May have a more youthful appearance

Answer: d Rationale: It is common today to see younger, more active and vital grandparents.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 12. Brooke is caring for her elderly mother since her father’s death. In order to promote a healthy relationship, you advise Brooke to: a. b. c. d.

Decrease physical contact Reduce physical stimuli Continuously orient her mother to time and place Use caregiver relief

Answer: d Rationale: Caregivers should allow themselves time away from caregiving duties. This helps them maintain balance and prevents resentment and fatigue.

Nursing Process: Implementation

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Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

13. Forty-year-old Lisa tells you she used to wear a dress size 8, and now she is a size 10. She also tells you she has not changed her exercise patterns or increased her food intake. What explanation would you offer her? a. “One’s metabolic rate normally decreases during this stage of development, and this results in fat retention and weight gain.” b. “It is not unusual to have a redistribution of your weight at this time.” c. “Continued exercise can often cause increased muscle mass and change in clothing size.” d. “Decreased physical exercise will slow metabolism and cause weight gain.”

Answer: b Rationale: Weight may be distributed differently in middle age, causing individuals to need a larger size of clothing.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

M seen in middle age is: 14. The most common tyN peUoRfSmIeN diGcaTlBp. roC blOem a. b. c. d.

Urinary tract infection Bowel incontinence Cataract formation Wear and tear on bone

Answer: d Rationale: Years of use—and sometimes even abuse—commonly cause joint problems.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

15. John, aged 42, has been complaining of difficulty voiding. The most common cause of voiding difficulty in this age group is: a. b. c. d.

Decreased testosterone Atrophy of the gonads Urinary tract infection Enlarged prostate

Answer: d

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Rationale: The prostate gland normally enlarges, causing difficulty in voiding.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

16. Which of the following goals is not generally associated with middle adulthood? a. Adjusting to new family roles b. Establishing new family roles c. Accelerated motor activity d. Enjoying economic stability Answer: c Rationale: Middle adulthood is a period of time when parenting roles change, grandparenting roles often begin, and economic security is more likely.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

17. Which factor may contribute to a healthy retirement? a. b. c. d.

Having enjoyable leiN suUreRaScI tivNiG tieTsB.COM Having enough money Living in a warm, sunny climate Living with people of the same age

Answer: a Rationale: Leisure activities help give purpose and enjoyment during retirement.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

18. A slight increase in blood pressure associated with middle age is due to: a. b. c. d.

Increased respiratory effort Loss of elasticity in the heart muscle Increased cardiac muscle recovery Decline in diaphragmatic performance

Answer: b Rationale: In middle age, the heart becomes somewhat less efficient and has to work harder to be effective.

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Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

19. Hair growth pattern is generally influenced by: a. b. c. d.

Culture Race Endocrine glands Apocrine glands

Answer: b Rationale: Race, genes, and gender influence hair growth patterns.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

20. A decrease in peripheral vision as one ages is caused by: a. b. c. d.

Thinning of the lens Loss of peripheral circulation Thickening and increNaU seR dSoI paNcG ityToBf.thCeOleMns Increased muscle tone

Answer: c Rationale: Peripheral vision decreases as the lens becomes thicker and more opaque.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

21. Bob is 49 years old and troubled by his age and some of the related changes he notices.

His physician explained that he is experiencing the climacteric. She described the male climacteric as: a. b. c. d.

The loss of reproductive ability Any abrupt change in the body The cessation of menstruation The male change of life

Answer: d Rationale: Climacteric refers to the male change of life.

Nursing Process: Planning

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Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

22. What is true of the relationship between middle-aged adults and their aging parents? a. b. c. d.

Bonds tend to weaken Aging parents become dependent on their middle-aged children Bonds tend to strengthen Aging parents move physically and emotionally far away from their grown children

Answer: b Rationale: Many middle-aged adults find themselves in the role of parenting their parents.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

23. A 55-year-old woman discusses her changing family life with you. She has two adult children: one attends school in another state far from home and the other is married and living 1,000 miles away. She complains that she hardly ever gets to see them anymore. Which would be the most therapeutic response?

NURSINGTB.COM

a. b. c. d.

“It is common to feel this way during menopause.”

“It is interesting that both your children have chosen to live far away.”

“You need to get over this and start living for yourself.”

“What interests and plans do you now have for yourself?”

Answer: d Rationale: Adjustment to new roles is a part of middle adulthood.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

24. During middle adulthood, the gradual loss of muscle strength can best be prevented by which of the following? a. b. c. d.

Staying active Taking vitamins Using relaxation methods Supplementing diet with energy drinks

Answer: a Rationale: Without exercise, muscle strength and capacity decline during middle age.

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Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

25. The nurse in a community setting provides guidance and educates middle-aged clients as to the developmental tasks of this stage, including (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e. f.

Adjusting to menopause Establishing a positive influence on one’s children and community Adjusting to role changes Establishing leisure interests Possibly changing careers Adjusting to changes in sexuality

Answer: a, b, c, d, e Rationale: Middle-aged tasks include adjusting to menopause, establishing a positive influence on one’s children and community, adjusting to role changes, establishing leisure interests, and possibly changing careers.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

NURSINGTB.COM

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Chapter 13. Late Adulthood – Test Questions

1. Young-old describes a period from ages: a. b. c. d.

75 to 90 85 to 95 60 to 70 65 to 74

Answer: 2. The most important predictor of one’s life expectancy is: a. b. c. d.

Tissue resiliency Physiological coping One’s own biological parents Posture and gait

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM 3. Which of the following is a biological theory of aging? a. b. c. d.

Disengagement Continuity Activity Wear and tear

Answer:

4. Helplessness and despair are often characteristic of people who: a. b. c. d.

Lack a sense of integrity Are unable to disengage Have impaired blood flow to the brain Choose social isolation

Answer:

5. Engaging older people in a life review serves to:

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a. b. c. d.

Give meaning to their life Decrease their self-worth Allow a focus on the extension of life Make wrong behavior right

Answer:

6. The older person generally: a. b. c. d.

Needs more sleep than a younger adult Needs more rest periods than a younger adult Needs as much sleep as a newborn Does not negotiate

Answer:

7. A high potential for impaired safety is a concern in older patients because of: a. b. c. d.

Changes in sensory perception Atrophy of between 5% and 10% of the neurons Decrease in brain weNigUhR t SINGTB.COM Impaired feedback in the brain

Answer:

8. Elder abuse is generally seen: a. b. c. d.

In individuals at lower economic strata Only in one specific ethnic group Across all social boundaries Only in disadvantaged persons

Answer:

9. Depression in the older adult is most commonly caused by: a. b. c. d.

Multiple losses Physiological acceptance Knowledge deficit Increasing confusion

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Answer:

10. The majority of old people: a. b. c. d.

Live in social isolation Are institutionalized in nursing homes Live in a family setting Live with their spouse

Answer:

11. Senescence refers to the: a. b. c. d.

Normal signs of aging Decrease in energy Loss of pubic hair Decrease in vaginal secretions

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM 12. A change in height during the older years is the result of: a. b. c. d.

Loss of fat Fusing of the vertebrae Closing of the epiphysis Loss of muscle tone

Answer:

13. Eighty-year-old Sarah complains of pain and stiffness in the joints. This may be due to: a. b. c. d.

Loss of elasticity in the tendons and ligaments Decreased muscle strength and tone Activity Daily exercise regimen

Answer:

14. The incidence of choking in older people increases because of:

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a. b. c. d.

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Decreased peristalsis Decreased gag reflex Decreased stomach capacity Decreased gastric secretions

Answer:

15. Tooth loss in the geriatric patient is considered: a. b. c. d.

A natural process A result of bone loss A result of decreased elasticity in the muscles A result of poor dental hygiene

Answer:

16. Eighty-four-year-old Mary, a patient in the long-term care unit, complains frequently of being cold. This response is probably due to: a. b. c. d.

Fragility of the skin GeTaB An increase in the nuNmUbR erSoIf N sw t g.laCnOdM s Loss of elasticity in the connective tissue Loss of adipose tissue

Answer: 17. Seventy-year-old Edna’s daughter complains that her mother has had difficulty remembering visits from her other children. You can tell her this is commonly a result of: a. b. c. d.

Aging Disease Environment Reaction time

Answer:

18. Hearing-related changes in elderly patients are initially due to a loss of: a. Low-frequency tones b. High-frequency tones c. External vibration

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d. Internal decoding Answer:

19. In the elderly person, the retirement planning phase is termed: a. b. c. d.

Near Remote Honeymoon Disenchanted

Answer:

20. In beginning nutritional education in an elderly patient, of least importance to the nurse is: a. b. c. d.

Educational level Economic factors Cultural and ethnic practices Color and texture of food

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM

21. In the older adult, gross motor skills decline because of: a. b. c. d.

Organ neuroses Stiffening of the joints Organic brain reaction Dementia

Answer:

22. To attain ego integrity as described by Erikson, the older person must have: a. b. c. d.

Willpower No emotional problems Successfully resolved the other stages Strong opposing views

Answer:

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23. The negative stereotyping of older people is called: a. b. c. d.

Delusion Psychoneurosis Free association Ageism

Answer:

24. Married couples may have a shift in roles at different periods throughout their life cycle.

One such time is during: a. b. c. d.

Retirement Pregnancy Abuse Aggression

Answer: 25. Which of the following is not a reason for divorce after age 65?

NURSINGTB.COM a. b. c. d.

Debilitating illness Disability Euphoric feelings Marital problems

Answer:

26. The psychosocial adjustment to aging can be minimized by (select all that apply): a. b. c. d.

One’s relationship with one’s family One’s self-esteem Completion of developmental tasks One’s adjustment to physical aging

Answer: 27. The theory of aging that suggests adjustment to aging depends on the person’s ability to maintain his or her life patterns well into aging is: a. Disengagement theory

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b. Clockwork theory c. Free radical theory d. Activity theory Answer:

28. Which of the following is not true about sexuality in late adulthood? a. b. c. d.

Interest in sex diminishes Sexual expression may take on different forms Menopause may affect sexual desire Medications may adversely affect one’s sexual performance

Answer:

29. Ego integrity can be determined by which of the following? a. b. c. d.

Feelings of desperation Social isolation Doubt Positive life review NURSINGTB.COM

Answer:

30. The nurse teaches the new graduate that when providing activities for the older adult, she should consider: a. b. c. d.

New activities to stimulate learning Resistance exercises Group activities Activities that consider earlier interests

Answer:

31. The nurse correctly recognizes that there are many life adjustments for the older adult, including (select all that apply): a. Decline in intellect b. Decrease in energy

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c. Decrease in income d. Major physical impairments e. Slowed reaction time Answer:

32. The best type of exercise for maximizing cardiac function in older clients is: a. b. c. d.

Running Weight training Yoga Walking

Answer:

33. Factors that may contribute to osteoporosis include (select all that apply): a. b. c. d.

Lack of exercise High calcium intake High alcohol consumption Early menopauseNURSINGTB.COM

Answer:

34. One of the factors contributing to urinary difficulty in older males is: a. b. c. d.

Penile malfunction Bladder prolapse Enlarged prostate Decreased activity

Answer: Chapter 13. Late Adulthood – Test Questions With Answers and Rationales 1. Young-old describes a period from ages: a. b. c. d.

75 to 90 85 to 95 60 to 70 65 to 74

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Answer: d Rationale: Currently, the term young-old is defined as ages 65 to 74 years.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 2. The most important predictor of one’s life expectancy is: a. b. c. d.

Tissue resiliency Physiological coping One’s own biological parents Posture and gait

Answer: c Rationale: Genes appear to be the most influential factor affecting life expectancy.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 3. Which of the followingNU isRaSbI ioN loGgT icB al.thCeO orMy of aging? a. b. c. d.

Disengagement Continuity Activity Wear and tear

Answer: d Rationale: A biological theory of aging proposes a physiological basis of the aging process.

The other theories listed are psychosocial in nature.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

4. Helplessness and despair are often characteristic of people who: a. b. c. d.

Lack a sense of integrity Are unable to disengage Have impaired blood flow to the brain Choose social isolation

Answer: a

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Rationale: Developing a sense of integrity permits the older individual to move toward the end of life with feelings of accomplishment and pride.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

5. Engaging older people in a life review serves to: a. b. c. d.

Give meaning to their life Decrease their self-worth Allow a focus on the extension of life Make wrong behavior right

Answer: a Rationale: A life review offers the opportunity to review and share key events, adding meaning to one’s life.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 6. The older person geneN raU llyR:SINGTB.COM a. b. c. d.

Needs more sleep than a younger adult Needs more rest periods than a younger adult Needs as much sleep as a newborn Does not negotiate

Answer: b Rationale: Older individuals need to replenish their energy with periodic rest periods.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

7. A high potential for impaired safety is a concern in older patients because of: a. b. c. d.

Changes in sensory perception Atrophy of between 5% and 10% of the neurons Decrease in brain weight Impaired feedback in the brain

Answer: a

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Rationale: Changes in sensory perception cause individuals to lose visual acuity, hearing, heat and cold discrimination, and balance. These losses place individuals at risk of falls and injury.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

8. Elder abuse is generally seen: a. b. c. d.

In individuals at lower economic strata Only in one specific ethnic group Across all social boundaries Only in disadvantaged persons

Answer: c Rationale: Elder abuse—like other forms of abuse—crosses all social boundaries and is not limited to one group of people.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

CO 9. Depression in the oldeN r aUdRuS lt I isNmGoTstBc. om mM only caused by: a. b. c. d.

Multiple losses Physiological acceptance Knowledge deficit Increasing confusion

Answer: a Rationale: The multiple losses experienced by older persons may lead to depression.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

10. The majority of old people: a. b. c. d.

Live in social isolation Are institutionalized in nursing homes Live in a family setting Live with their spouse

Answer: c Rationale: Only about 5% of the older population lives in an institutional setting.

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Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

11. Senescence refers to the: a. b. c. d.

Normal signs of aging Decrease in energy Loss of pubic hair Decrease in vaginal secretions

Answer: a Rationale: Senescence is defined as normal age-related changes.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

12. A change in height during the older years is the result of: a. b. c. d.

Loss of fat Fusing of the vertebrN aeURSINGTB.COM Closing of the epiphysis Loss of muscle tone

Answer: b Rationale: During the older years, the vertebrae become more compact and shortened as a result of the wearing away of the cushions between the bones.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

13. Eighty-year-old Sarah complains of pain and stiffness in the joints. This may be due to: a. b. c. d.

Loss of elasticity in the tendons and ligaments Decreased muscle strength and tone Activity Daily exercise regimen

Answer: a Rationale: Joints stiffen as a result of a loss of elasticity in the tendons and ligaments.

Nursing Process: Assessment

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Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

14. The incidence of choking in older people increases because of: a. b. c. d.

Decreased peristalsis Decreased gag reflex Decreased stomach capacity Decreased gastric secretions

Answer: b Rationale: As a person ages, along with a decrease in saliva, the gag reflex weakens, increasing the risk of choking.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

15. Tooth loss in the geriatric patient is considered: a. b. c. d.

A natural process A result of bone loss CuOsMcles A result of decreasedNeUlaRstSicIitN yG inTtB he.m A result of poor dental hygiene

Answer: d Rationale: Generally, tooth loss is related to poor oral hygiene. Teeth should last a lifetime.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

16. Eighty-four-year-old Mary, a patient in the long-term care unit, complains frequently of being cold. This response is probably due to: a. b. c. d.

Fragility of the skin An increase in the number of sweat glands Loss of elasticity in the connective tissue Loss of adipose tissue

Answer: d Rationale: Older persons lose some adipose tissue, which normally serves as an insulator.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

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17. Seventy-year-old Edna’s daughter complains that her mother has had difficulty remembering visits from her other children. You can tell her this is commonly a result of: a. b. c. d.

Aging Disease Environment Reaction time

Answer: b Rationale: Significant memory loss is usually related to disease. Short-term memory loss may first occur with advancing aging.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

18. Hearing-related changes in elderly patients are initially due to a loss of: a. b. c. d.

Low-frequency tones High-frequency tones External vibration NURSINGTB.COM Internal decoding

Answer: b Rationale: Normal hearing loss during the older years is initially related to the loss of highfrequency tones.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

19. In the elderly person, the retirement planning phase is termed: a. b. c. d.

Near Remote Honeymoon Disenchanted

Answer: a Rationale: Planning for retirement occurs during the near phase.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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20. In beginning nutritional education in an elderly patient, of least importance to the nurse is: a. b. c. d.

Educational level Economic factors Cultural and ethnic practices Color and texture of food

Answer: d Rationale: In order to ensure compliance with dietary changes, the nurse must consider the individual’s cultural background, educational level, and economic factors. After these are addressed, the presentation of the food will be important as well.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

21. In the older adult, gross motor skills decline because of: a. b. c. d.

Organ neuroses Stiffening of the joints Organic brain reactioNnURSINGTB.COM Dementia

Answer: b Rationale: As one ages, joints stiffen, and movement is slower and more difficult.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

22. To attain ego integrity as described by Erikson, the older person must have: a. b. c. d.

Willpower No emotional problems Successfully resolved the other stages Strong opposing views

Answer: c Rationale: Ego integrity means that one is satisfied with one’s strengths and can accept one’s weaknesses.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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23. The negative stereotyping of older people is called: a. b. c. d.

Delusion Psychoneurosis Free association Ageism

Answer: d Rationale: Ageism is defined as discrimination against the elderly.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

24. Married couples may have a shift in roles at different periods throughout their life cycle.

One such time is during: a. b. c. d.

Retirement Pregnancy Abuse Aggression

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Answer: a Rationale: The retirement stage may bring about a shift in roles.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

25. Which of the following is not a reason for divorce after age 65? a. b. c. d.

Debilitating illness Disability Euphoric feelings Marital problems

Answer: c Rationale: Illnesses, marital discord, and disabilities are some major causes of divorce at this stage.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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26. The psychosocial adjustment to aging can be minimized by (select all that apply): a. b. c. d.

One’s relationship with one’s family One’s self-esteem Completion of developmental tasks One’s adjustment to physical aging

Answer: a, b, c, d Rationale: The relationship with one’s family, self-esteem, completion of developmental tasks, and adjustment to physical aging all affect one’s adjustment to the aging process.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 27. The theory of aging that suggests adjustment to aging depends on the person’s ability to maintain his or her life patterns well into aging is: a. b. c. d.

Disengagement theory Clockwork theory Free radical theory NURSINGTB.COM Activity theory

Answer: d Rationale: Maintaining interests and an active lifestyle help promote a healthy adjustment to old age.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

28. Which of the following is not true about sexuality in late adulthood? a. b. c. d.

Interest in sex diminishes Sexual expression may take on different forms Menopause may affect sexual desire Medications may adversely affect one’s sexual performance

Answer: a Rationale: Sexual expression and interest continue throughout life.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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29. Ego integrity can be determined by which of the following? a. b. c. d.

Feelings of desperation Social isolation Doubt Positive life review

Answer: d Rationale: Life satisfaction supports ego integrity.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

30. The nurse teaches the new graduate that when providing activities for the older adult, she should consider: a. b. c. d.

New activities to stimulate learning Resistance exercises Group activities Activities that considNeU r eRaS rlI ieN r iG nT teB re. stC s OM

Answer: d Rationale: Older adults respond best to things that tap into their specific interests and likes.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

31. The nurse correctly recognizes that there are many life adjustments for the older adult, including (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Decline in intellect Decrease in energy Decrease in income Major physical impairments Slowed reaction time

Answer: b, c, e Rationale: Older adults have a decline in energy, income, and reaction time.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

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32. The best type of exercise for maximizing cardiac function in older clients is: a. b. c. d.

Running Weight training Yoga Walking

Answer: d Rationale: Walking helps cardiac function and is safe for older clients.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion

33. Factors that may contribute to osteoporosis include (select all that apply): a. b. c. d.

Lack of exercise High calcium intake High alcohol consumption Early menopause

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: a, c, d Rationale: Osteoporosis may be prevented by maintaining adequate exercise and calcium intake.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion

34. One of the factors contributing to urinary difficulty in older males is: a. b. c. d.

Penile malfunction Bladder prolapse Enlarged prostate Decreased activity

Answer: c Rationale: An enlarged prostate gland puts pressure on the urethra.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

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Chapter 14. Death and Dying – Test Questions

1. You would expect a client experiencing maladaptive grief to have: a. b. c. d.

Self-awareness Compulsive behavior Unresolved conflict Auditory hallucinations

Answer:

2. You are caring for a client whose husband died 2 days ago. The period following a loss is called: a. b. c. d.

Somatic Mourning Depression Detachment

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM

3. A client assigned to your care is receiving bereavement counseling. You understand that this client has recently: a. b. c. d.

Sustained a loss Had hospice care Received palliative care Signed a do not resuscitate (DNR) order

Answer:

4. You are told your patient has just experienced a physical loss. You understand this to mean the loss of: a. b. c. d.

Work Status Role Spouse

Answer:

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5. A client gave birth to a stillborn child with a gestational age of 7 months. To help the parents cope with the loss, it would be best if the health care professional: a. b. c. d.

Prevents the parents from seeing the child Prevents the parents from holding the child Gives the parents time to see and hold the child Avoids discussing the incident

Answer:

6. The social worker and the dying patient have just completed a document in which the patient appoints someone to carry out his or her end-of-life wishes. This document is known as a: a. b. c. d.

Living will Durable power of attorney Do not resuscitate (DNR) order Consent for treatment form

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM

7. A terminally ill elderly client’s family is deliberating withholding lifesaving medical treatment. This is an act of: a. b. c. d.

Palliative care Euthanasia Do not resuscitate (DNR) order Durable power of attorney

Answer:

8. A terminally ill patient has just been placed in hospice care. The family asks you about the objective for this unit. You would explain that the emphasis is on: a. b. c. d.

Care Comfort Shortening the life span Dying as an abnormal process

Answer:

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9. The health care worker is correct if he suggests which of the following strategies to help a person cope with a loss? a. b. c. d.

Having a period of isolation Avoiding making major life changes Decreasing sleep time Avoiding expressing emotional feelings

Answer:

10. When death is imminent, the health care worker would expect to see physical changes such as: a. b. c. d.

Normal blood pressure Tachycardia Cheyne-Stokes respiration Hyperthermia

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM 11. When communicating with the family of the terminally ill client, the health care worker would best: a. b. c. d.

Limit open-ended questions Use short clichés to decrease anxiety Determine what is important for the family at this time Support the family in suppressing feelings until death occurs

Answer:

12. Grief is best described as: a. b. c. d.

A feeling in response to death An induced state of relaxation Therapy that focuses on the behavior of a family Overidentification with a loved one

Answer:

13. Which of the following is a type of grief?

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a. b. c. d.

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Spontaneous Delayed Anticipatory Advanced

Answer:

14. When the dying patient prays for extra months of life, the patient is experiencing which of Kübler-Ross’s stages of grief? a. b. c. d.

Denial Acceptance Bargaining Anger

Answer: 15. A person experiencing the third stage of Bowlby’s theory of mourning will present with which of the following?

NURSINGTB.COM

a. b. c. d.

Longing for the deceased Numbing of feelings Anger over the loss Acceptance of the loss

Answer:

16. The age at which a child understands the finality of death is: a. b. c. d.

Infancy Toddler Preschool School age

Answer:

17. The defense mechanism of threatens one’s equilibrium. a. Reaction formation

protects individuals by blocking information that

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b. Rationalization c. Denial d. Regression Answer:

18. Kübler-Ross describes the last stage of dying as: a. b. c. d.

Happy Resigned A quiet time of contemplation Dressed

Answer:

19. Adolescents view death from their own perspective based on their belief that: a. They are old enough to die b. They are invincible c. Death is irreversible d. Death happens only tN oU soRmSeIteNeG nsTB.COM Answer:

20. Which of the following approaches can the nurse use to instill hope in the dying person? a. Giving positive reasons for death b. Encouraging the person to express his or her angry feelings toward their superior being c. Being cheerful and explaining that death is beautiful d. Encouraging the expression of feelings and the acceptance of reality Answer: 21. Which of the following approaches would help maintain a dying person’s dignity? a. Having the family members make all the decisions b. Maintaining emotional aloofness c. Keeping information from the dying person d. Engaging the dying person in decision-making

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Answer:

22. Spirituality refers to: a. b. c. d.

One’s actions One’s race One’s ethnicity Internal beliefs about their superior being

Answer:

23. A group of residents are talking about their health problems. One older man states he never smoked or drank, he ate no red meat, and he led an active life. He then states, “Why me? Look at all my health problems now.” The nurse understands that based on KüblerRoss’s theory, he is at what stage? a. b. c. d.

Bargaining Denial Anger Acceptance

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer:

24. You attended a conference with other health care workers on the topic of death and dying.

At the conference, anticipatory grieving was described as: a. b. c. d.

Sudden, unexpected death Death of a child Death of a spouse Awareness of an expected death

Answer:

25. Mrs. G, who recently lost her husband, tells the nurse she is very angry with George for leaving her. You determine the nurse is correct if she shares with the rest of the staff that Mrs. G is going through a stage of grief Bowlby describes as: a. b.

Disorganization Numbing

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c. d.

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Reorganization Painful

Answer:

26. Assisted suicide refers to which of the following? a. b. c. d.

Right to die Palliative care Euthanasia Hospice care

Answer:

27. The social worker is correct if she decides your patient meets the criteria for hospice care because (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Need for palliative care has been established The patient needs to be isolated from their family Life expectancy has been determined to be less than 6 months Potential for recoN veUryRiSs IliN keGlyTB.COM Cost of care at home is exhaustive

Answer:

28. Rituals surrounding death and funerals are important because they: a. b. c. d.

Help the family forget about their loved one Facilitate the grieving process Close unresolved family arguments Enhance feelings of guilt

Answer:

29. Which of the following is a physical response to grieving? a. b. c. d.

Sadness Anger Preoccupation Tightness in the throat

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Answer: 30. According to Bowlby, the adult’s first response to the loss of a loved one is: a. b. c. d.

Protest Detachment Numbness Despair

Answer:

31. What are the three leading causes of death in the United States? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d. e.

Stroke Heart disease Alzheimer disease Diabetes Cancer

Answer:

NURSINGTB.COM

Chapter 14. Death and Dying – Test Questions With Answers and Rationales

1. You would expect a client experiencing maladaptive grief to have: a. b. c. d.

Self-awareness Compulsive behavior Unresolved conflict Auditory hallucinations

Answer: c Rationale: Maladaptive grief responses usually exhibit a lengthy, unpredictable course that results in unresolved conflict.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

2. You are caring for a client whose husband died 2 days ago. The period following a loss is called:

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a. b. c. d.

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Somatic Mourning Depression Detachment

Answer: b Rationale: Mourning is the natural process one goes through following a major loss.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

3. A client assigned to your care is receiving bereavement counseling. You understand that this client has recently: a. b. c. d.

Sustained a loss Had hospice care Received palliative care Signed a do not resuscitate (DNR) order

Answer: a Rationale: Bereavement is a state of having sustained a loss.

NURSINGTB.COM Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

4. You are told your patient has just experienced a physical loss. You understand this to mean the loss of: a. b. c. d.

Work Status Role Spouse

Answer: d Rationale: Many losses are classified as physical, in that they are readily evident and visible.

Death of a spouse, parent, or child represents this type of loss.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

5. A client gave birth to a stillborn child with a gestational age of 7 months. To help the parents cope with the loss, it would be best if the health care professional:

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a. b. c. d.

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Prevents the parents from seeing the child Prevents the parents from holding the child Gives the parents time to see and hold the child Avoids discussing the incident

Answer: c Rationale: When the death of the unborn occurs close to term, it is best if the staff allow the parents to see and hold the child.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

6. The social worker and the dying patient have just completed a document in which the patient appoints someone to carry out his or her end-of-life wishes. This document is known as a: a. b. c. d.

Living will Durable power of attorney Do not resuscitate (DNR) order Consent for treatment form

NURSINGTB.COM Answer: b Rationale: A durable power of attorney appoints someone to make your wishes known and to carry out decisions regarding medical care in the event you become incapacitated and can no longer speak for yourself.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 7. A terminally ill elderly client’s family is deliberating withholding lifesaving medical treatment. This is an act of: a. b. c. d.

Palliative care Euthanasia Do not resuscitate (DNR) order Durable power of attorney

Answer: b Rationale: Euthanasia refers to the deliberate ending of one’s life as well as the withholding of treatment.

Nursing Process: Planning

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Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

8. A terminally ill patient has just been placed in hospice care. The family asks you about the objective for this unit. You would explain that the emphasis is on: a. b. c. d.

Care Comfort Shortening the life span Dying as an abnormal process

Answer: b Rationale: Hospice emphasizes comfort rather than curative measures.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

9. The health care worker is correct if he suggests which of the following strategies to help a person cope with a loss? a. b. c. d.

Having a period of isolation Avoiding making maNjoUrRliS feIcN haGnTgB es.COM Decreasing sleep time Avoiding expressing emotional feelings

Answer: b Rationale: One way to cope with a loss is avoiding major life changes.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

10. When death is imminent, the health care worker would expect to see physical changes such as: a. b. c. d.

Normal blood pressure Tachycardia Cheyne-Stokes respiration Hyperthermia

Answer: c Rationale: Signs of approaching death include decreased blood pressure, decreased pulse, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, and loss of heat, producing a coolness of the body.

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Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

11. When communicating with the family of the terminally ill client, the health care worker would best: a. b. c. d.

Limit open-ended questions Use short clichés to decrease anxiety Determine what is important for the family at this time Support the family in suppressing feelings until death occurs

Answer: c Rationale: When communicating with the family of a terminally ill client, it is best to ask open-ended questions, ask what their concerns are, ask what is important to them, and avoid clichés.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 12. Grief is best described as:

NURSINGTB.COM a. b. c. d.

A feeling in response to death An induced state of relaxation Therapy that focuses on the behavior of a family Overidentification with a loved one

Answer: a Rationale: Grief is the feeling or outward expression in response to a loss.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

13. Which of the following is a type of grief? a. b. c. d.

Spontaneous Delayed Anticipatory Advanced

Answer: c Rationale: There are many types of grief, including anticipatory and maladaptive.

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Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

14. When the dying patient prays for extra months of life, the patient is experiencing which of Kübler-Ross’s stages of grief? a. b. c. d.

Denial Acceptance Bargaining Anger

Answer: c Rationale: In the bargaining stage, the person bargains with their superior beingfor a few extra months.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 15. A person experiencing the third stage of Bowlby’s theory of mourning will present with which of the following?

NURSINGTB.COM

a. b. c. d.

Longing for the deceased Numbing of feelings Anger over the loss Acceptance of the loss

Answer: c Rationale: The third phase of mourning, as described by Bowlby, is one of disorganization and despair in which the individual feels anger over the loss and searches for an answer as to why this has happened to them.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

16. The age at which a child understands the finality of death is: a. b. c. d.

Infancy Toddler Preschool School age

Answer: d

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Rationale: The school-age child understands the finality of death.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

17. The defense mechanism of threatens one’s equilibrium. a. b. c. d.

protects individuals by blocking information that

Reaction formation Rationalization Denial Regression

Answer: c Rationale: Denial protects one from facing intolerable stress.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 18. Kübler-Ross describes the last stage of dying as:

NURSINGTB.COM a. b. c. d.

Happy Resigned A quiet time of contemplation Dressed

Answer: c Rationale: The last stage of dying allows the person to contemplate his or her death with a certain degree of expectation.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

19. Adolescents view death from their own perspective based on their belief that: a. b. c. d.

They are old enough to die They are invincible Death is irreversible Death happens only to some teens

Answer: b

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Rationale: Adolescents believe they are invincible and that death is a deterrent to completing their goals.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

20. Which of the following approaches can the nurse use to instill hope in the dying person? a. Giving positive reasons for death b. Encouraging the person to express his or her angry feelings toward their superior being c. Being cheerful and explaining that death is beautiful d. Encouraging the expression of feelings and the acceptance of reality Answer: d Rationale: It is important to allow the individual to express their feelings and move towards acceptance.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

NURSINGTB.COM 21. Which of the following approaches would help maintain a dying person’s dignity? a. b. c. d.

Having the family members make all the decisions Maintaining emotional aloofness Keeping information from the dying person Engaging the dying person in decision-making

Answer: d Rationale: Dying persons need to participate in their care and in important decisions regarding their well-being.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

22. Spirituality refers to: a. b. c. d.

One’s actions One’s race One’s ethnicity Internal beliefs about their superior being

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Answer: d Rationale: Spirituality has to do with an individual’s beliefs.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

23. A group of residents are talking about their health problems. One older man states he never smoked or drank, he ate no red meat, and he led an active life. He then states, “Why me? Look at all my health problems now.” The nurse understands that based on KüblerRoss’s theory, he is at what stage? a. b. c. d.

Bargaining Denial Anger Acceptance

Answer: c Rationale: Anger is the stage at which the individual is upset and not able to accept his or her illness.

Nursing Process: Implementation Client Needs: PsychosocN iaU l IRnS teI grN itG y TB.COM

24. You attended a conference with other health care workers on the topic of death and dying.

At the conference, anticipatory grieving was described as: a. b. c. d.

Sudden, unexpected death Death of a child Death of a spouse Awareness of an expected death

Answer: d Rationale: In anticipatory grieving, family members are already aware that their loved one is dying.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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25. Mrs. G, who recently lost her husband, tells the nurse she is very angry with George for leaving her. You determine the nurse is correct if she shares with the rest of the staff that Mrs. G is going through a stage of grief Bowlby describes as: a. b. c. d.

Disorganization Numbing Reorganization Painful

Answer: a Rationale: In Bowlby’s stages of grief, family members get angry at the deceased person during the disorganization stage.

Nursing Process: Evaluate Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

26. Assisted suicide refers to which of the following? a. b. c. d.

Right to die Palliative care Euthanasia Hospice care

NURSINGTB.COM

Answer: c Rationale: When doctors or others help a person with a terminal illness commit suicide, it is referred to as euthanasia.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

27. The social worker is correct if she decides your patient meets the criteria for hospice care because (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

Need for palliative care has been established The patient needs to be isolated from their family Life expectancy has been determined to be less than 6 months Potential for recovery is likely Cost of care at home is exhaustive

Answer: a, c

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Rationale: Criteria for hospice care are life expectancy of 6 months or less, physician and patient support of hospice, established palliative care plan, and availability of primary caregiver.

Nursing Process: Evaluation Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

28. Rituals surrounding death and funerals are important because they: a. b. c. d.

Help the family forget about their loved one Facilitate the grieving process Close unresolved family arguments Enhance feelings of guilt

Answer: b Rationale: Rituals surrounding death and funerals have a therapeutic effect that facilitates the grieving process.

Nursing Process: Planning Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

NURSINGTB.COM 29. Which of the following is a physical response to grieving? a. b. c. d.

Sadness Anger Preoccupation Tightness in the throat

Answer: d Rationale: The response to grief is both emotional and physical. Physical responses include somatic symptoms such as abdominal pain, tightness in the throat, and dry mouth.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 30. According to Bowlby, the adult’s first response to the loss of a loved one is: a. b. c. d.

Protest Detachment Numbness Despair

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Answer: c Rationale: The feeling of numbness acts as a protective mechanism, allowing the individual to mobilize their strength to deal with the loss.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

31. What are the three leading causes of death in the United States? (Select all that apply.) a. b. c. d. e.

Stroke Heart disease Alzheimer disease Diabetes Cancer

Answer: a, b, e Rationale: The leading causes of death in the United States are heart disease, cancer, and stroke.

Nursing Process: Assessment Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

NURSINGTB.COM