TEST BANK for Basic Arrhythmias 9th Edition by Gail Walraven ALL Chapters [1-8]

TEST BANK

TEST BANK

Chapter 1

Electrophysiology

1) The inherent rate of the SA node is ________ bpm.

A) 30-60 B) 40-60 C) 60-100 D) 100-120 Answer: C Learning Obj.: 1.3 2) The inherent rate of the AV junction is ________ bpm.

A) 20-40 B) 40-60 C) 60-100 D) 100-120 Answer: B Learning Obj.: 1.3 3) The inherent rate of the ventricle is ________ bpm.

A) 20-40 B) 40-60 C) 60-100 D) 100-120 Answer: A Learning Obj.: 1.3 4) The built-in rate of each of the three major areas of the conduction system is referred to as the ________ rate.

A) fast B) heart C) escape D) inherent Answer: D Learning Obj.: 1.3 5) What term is used to refer to the process of electrical discharge and the flow of electrical activity?

A) Repolarization B) Depolarization C) Polarization D) Polarized Answer: B 1 Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Obj.: 1.2 6) If polarizing is considered the ready state, then ________ would be considered the recovery state.

A) discharge B) polarization C) repolarization D) depolarization Answer: C Learning Obj.: 1.2 7) After leaving the area of the AV node, impulses go through the ________ to reach the right and left bundle branches.

A) Purkinje fibers B) Bundle of His C) AV junction D) SA node Answer: B Learning Obj.: 1.3 8) Part of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is the ________ nerve.

A) vagus B) coronary C) aortic D) pericardial Answer: A Learning Obj.: 1.4 9) When stimulated, the ________ branch of the nervous system increases heart rate, AV conduction, and irritability.

A) parasympathetic B) sympathetic C) pacemaker D) inherent Answer: B Learning Obj.: 1.4 10) Which cardiac cells are responsible for initiating and conducting pacemaker impulses?

A) Motor cells B) Mechanical cells C) Electrical cells D) Atrioventricular cells Answer: C Learning Obj.: 1.1

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11) Which is the normal pacemaker of the heart?

A) SA node B) AV node C) AV junction D) Ventricle Answer: A Learning Obj.: 1.3 12) Which of the following is NOT a part of the normal cardiac conduction system?

A) Coronary sinus B) AV node C) Purkinje Fibers D) Internodal pathways Answer: A Learning Obj.: 1.1 13) What is the term for the fail-safe mechanism that allows a lower pacemaker to take over when a higher site fails?

A) Polarization B) Irritability C) AV conduction D) Escape Answer: D Learning Obj.: 1.4 14) Which of the following best explains the mechanism called irritability?

A) The ventricles repolarize before they are ready.

B) The normal pacemaker slows down and gives up control.

C) A lower pacemaker site speeds up to take control of the heart.

D) The normal pacemaker changes its inherent rate.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 1.4 15) Which of the following does NOT happen when the sympathetic branch is stimulated?

A) Heart rate increases.

B) The heart becomes more irritable.

C) Impulses go faster through the AV node.

D) Ventricular conduction slows down.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 1.4

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Basic Arrhythmias With 12-Lead EKGs, 9e (Walraven) Chapter 2 Waves and Measurements 1) When an EKG machine is turned on but not yet connected to the patient, the stylus produces a straight line called the ________ line.

A) equal force B) isoelectric C) standard D) straight Answer: B Learning Obj.: 2.1 2) The EKG machine produces an upright deflection on the graph paper if the flow of electricity is toward the ________ electrode.

A) positive B) negative C) straight D) inverted Answer: A Learning Obj.: 2.3 3) The horizontal lines on the EKG graph paper measure: A) time.

B) speed.

C) pattern.

D) voltage.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 2.2 4) The vertical lines on the EKG graph paper measure: A) time.

B) speed.

C) pattern.

D) voltage.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 2.2 5) The distance between two "tic" marks is ________ sec.

A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 Answer: A Learning Obj.: 2.2

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6) On EKG graph paper, the time between two heavy vertical lines is five small boxes, or ________ sec.

A) 0.04 B) 0.08 C) 0.12 D) 0.20 Answer: D Learning Obj.: 2.2 7) On EKG graph paper, the distance in time between two light vertical lines, or across one small square, is ________ sec.

A) 0.04 B) 0.08 C) 0.12 D) 0.20 Answer: A Learning Obj.: 2.2 8) A series of cardiac cycles makes up a(n): A) EKG rhythm strip.

B) QRS complex.

C) P-P interval.

D) wave segment.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 2.4 9) The deflections above and below the isoelectric line are referred to as: A) intervals.

B) segments.

C) pauses.

D) waves.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 2.3 10) The short period of electrical inactivity between the end of the P wave and the start of the QRS complex is called the: A) P pause.

B) PR segment.

C) PR interval.

D) PR pause.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 2.3

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11) The PR interval begins at the first sign of the P wave and ends at the first sign of the next deflection, which is called the: A) T wave.

B) S wave.

C) PR segment.

D) QRS complex.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 2.3 12) The PR interval reflects all ________ activity.

A) mechanical B) atrial C) cardiac D) ventricular Answer: B Learning Obj.: 2.3 13) Which of the following is NOT a normal QRS measurement?

A) 0.08 B) 0.20 C) 0.11 D) 0.06 Answer: B Learning Obj.: 2.3 14) No impulse can cause depolarization during the ________ refractory period.

A) original B) absolute C) relative D) impulse Answer: B Learning Obj.: 2.3 15) A strong impulse can cause a premature abnormal discharge during the ________ refractory period.

A) original B) absolute C) relative D) impulse Answer: C Learning Obj.: 2.3

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16) Which of the following best describes the elements of a single cardiac cycle?

A) P wave, PR segment, and PR interval B) P wave and QRS complex C) QRS complex, ST segment, and T wave D) P wave, PR segment, PR interval, QRS complex, and T wave Answer: D Learning Obj.: 2.4 Basic Arrhythmias With 12-Lead EKGs, 9e (Walraven) Chapter 3 Analyzing EKG Rhythm Strips 1) The heart's normal rhythm usually originates in the: A) SA node.

B) atria.

C) AV node.

D) ventricle.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 3.2 2) To find out if a rhythm is regular or irregular, measure the ________ across the entire strip.

A) R-R intervals B) QRS complexes C) PR intervals D) PR segments Answer: A Learning Obj.: 3.2 3) When a P wave originates in the SA node, it is expected to be smooth, rounded, and ________ in Lead II. A) inverted B) upright C) notched D) biphasic Answer: B Learning Obj.: 3.2 4) The standard systematic approach to arrhythmia interpretation consists of all of the following EXCEPT: A) heart rate and regularity.

B) P waves and PR interval.

C) QRS complex.

D) refractory periods.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 3.1 5) The cardiac activity that takes place above the ventricles is referred to as ________ activity.

A) precipitating B) AV nodal 7 Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.

C) supraventricular D) infraventricular Answer: C Learning Obj.: 3.2

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6) If a rhythm is regular, the MOST accurate way to calculate heart rate is to count the number of small squares between two R waves and divide the total into: A) 60.

B) 150.

C) 1300.

D) 1500.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 3.2 7) P waves usually appear before: A) upright waves.

B) QRS complexes.

C) PR intervals.

D) T waves.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 3.2 8) A major EKG finding that can help you distinguish between supraventricular and ventricular rhythms is the width of the: A) QRS complex.

B) P-P interval.

C) T wave.

D) P wave.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 3.2 9) A Normal Sinus Rhythm should have a QRS of less than ________ sec.

A) 0.12 B) 0.18 C) 0.20 D) 0.22 Answer: A Learning Obj.: 3.2 10) The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular ________ and thus should correspond to the patient's pulse.

A) failure B) recovery C) irritability D) depolarization Answer: D Learning Obj.: 3.2

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11) Which of the following is the LEAST accurate way to determine heart rate?

A) Count the number of QRS complexes in a 6-sec strip and multiply by 10.

B) Count the number of large squares between two R waves and divide that into 300.

C) Count the number of small squares between two R waves and divide that into 1500.

D) Use a rate meter.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 3.2 12) Which part of the conduction system has the slowest conduction speed, and is thus responsible for slowing down impulses until the heart is ready to receive them?

A) SA node B) Atria C) AV node D) Ventricles Answer: C Learning Obj.: 3.1 13) If a rhythm is IRREGULAR, the best way to determine rate is to: A) count the number of QRS complexes in a 6-sec strip and multiply by 10.

B) count the number of large squares between two R waves and divide that into 300.

C) count the number of small squares between two R waves and divide that into 1500.

D) use a rate meter.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 3.2 14) Which of the following best describes a "lost" P wave?

A) One that can't be counted because it happens too quickly.

B) One that is visible but highly irregular.

C) One that is obscured because it falls on other waves.

D) One that is there one minute but gone the next.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 3.2 15) The P waves are the first waves you should look for when analyzing a rhythm strip because: A) they are the biggest and thus most visible.

B) they are usually very regular and thus easy to find.

C) they always have a constant relationship with the waves around them.

D) they are the most important for diagnosing heart disease.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 3.1

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16) If a QRS complex measures less than 0.12 sec, you know that it did NOT originate in the: A) SA node.

B) atria.

C) AV junction.

D) ventricles.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 3.2 17) A rhythm that is "regularly irregular" would describe a rhythm that: A) is chaotic in its irregularity.

B) has a pattern to its irregularity.

C) is irregular sometimes but not others.

D) is consistently irregular every time you see it.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 3.2 Basic Arrhythmias With 12-Lead EKGs, 9e (Walraven) Chapter 4 Sinus Rhythms 1) In Normal Sinus Rhythm, the heart rate is ________ bpm.

A) 40-60 B) 60-100 C) 80-120 D) 100-120 Answer: B Learning Obj.: 4.2 2) In Normal Sinus Rhythm, the PR interval must fall between ________ sec.

A) 0.04-0.06 B) 0.08-0.22 C) 0.12-0.20 D) 0.20-0.60 Answer: C Learning Obj.: 4.2 3) A Normal Sinus Rhythm has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: A) P waves are uniform.

B) heart rate is normal.

C) the R-R intervals vary.

D) QRS is less than 0.12 sec.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 4.2 4) The rate for Sinus Bradycardia is ________ bpm.

A) less than 60 B) more than 100 C) between 60 and 100 D) equal to 110 11 Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 4.2 5) The term "tachycardia" means: A) slow heart.

B) fast heart.

C) normal heart.

D) sinus rhythm.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 4.2

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6) The rate for Sinus Tachycardia is ________ bpm.

A) less than 60 B) less than 80 C) 60-100 D) greater than 100 Answer: D Learning Obj.: 4.2 7) In Sinus Arrhythmia, the heart rate is usually ________ bpm.

A) less than 60 B) less than 80 C) 60-100 D) greater than 100 Answer: C Learning Obj.: 4.2 8) In Sinus Arrhythmia, the rate changes with the patient's: A) respirations.

B) SA node.

C) AV node.

D) pulse.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 4.2 9) In Sinus Arrhythmia, the R-R intervals are: A) increasingly delayed.

B) normal.

C) constant.

D) irregular.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 4.2 10) For Sinus Tachycardia, the QRS complex should be less than ________ sec.

A) 0.01 B) 0.12 C) 0.18 D) 0.20 Answer: B Learning Obj.: 4.2

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11) For all rhythms that originate in the sinus node, you would expect the P wave in Lead II to be: A) inverted or flattened.

B) biphasic or notched.

C) characteristically peaked.

D) upright and uniform.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 4.1 12) For all rhythms that originate in the sinus node, you would expect all of the following EXCEPT: A) one P wave for every QRS complex.

B) PRIs constant across the entire strip.

C) inverted P waves following the QRS complexes.

D) PRI measurement between 0.12 and 0.20 sec.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 4.1 13) When a sinus rhythm has a QRS complex of 0.12 sec or greater, you know that this is an abnormality and would note that it has: A) a wide QRS. B) accelerated ventricular conduction.

C) Purkinje disease.

D) sinus conduction defect.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 4.1 14) The presenting problem with Sinus Bradycardia is that: A) the P waves are irregular.

B) the rate is too slow.

C) the PRI is too long.

D) the QRS is too wide.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 4.2 15) The presenting problem with Sinus Tachycardia is that: A) the rhythm is irregular.

B) the rate is too fast.

C) the PRI is not constant.

D) the QRS is too narrow.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 4.2

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16) The presenting problem with Sinus Arrhythmia is that: A) the rhythm is irregular.

B) the PRI varies from beat to beat.

C) the PRI is too long.

D) the QRS is too wide.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 4.2 Basic Arrhythmias With 12-Lead EKGs, 9e (Walraven) Chapter 5 Atrial Rhythms 1) Atrial rhythms originate in the: A) sino-atrial node.

B) atrial pathways.

C) atrioventricular node.

D) AV junction.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 5.1 2) Which one of the following does NOT describe an atrial P wave?

A) It may dip below the isoelectric line.

B) It can be flattened or peaked.

C) It is uniformly rounded.

D) It may be diphasic.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 5.1 3) An atrial arrhythmia that occurs when the pacemaker role switches from the SA node to the atria and back again is called: A) Atrial Flutter.

B) Wandering Pacemaker.

C) Atrial Tachycardia.

D) Atrial Fibrillation.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 5.2 4) A single beat that arises from a focus outside of the SA node is called a(n): A) Premature Ventricular Complex.

B) Compensatory Pause.

C) Atrial Tachycardia.

D) Ectopic Beat.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 5.2 5) An early (premature) ectopic beat could be an indication of: A) escape mechanism.

B) irritability.

C) impending bradycardia.

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D) sinus pacemaker.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 5.2

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6) Atrial Tachycardia usually has a rate of ________ bpm.

A) 60-100 B) 100-150 C) 150-250 D) 250-300 Answer: C Learning Obj.: 5.2 7) It is very common for the P waves in Atrial Tachycardia to be: A) flat.

B) sawtooth.

C) hidden in the T wave.

D) irregular.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 5.2 8) The rhythm in which the atrial waves are seen as a sawtooth pattern is called: A) Atrial Flutter.

B) Atrial Tachycardia.

C) Atrial Fibrillation.

D) Premature Atrial Complex.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 5.2 9) In the rhythm called "Atrial Flutter," the atrial rate is usually in the range of ________ bpm.

A) 60-100 B) 100-130 C) 200-240 D) 250-350 Answer: D Learning Obj.: 5.2 10) The rhythm in which ALL atrial activity is depicted as chaotic undulations of the baseline is called: A) Atrial Flutter.

B) Sinus Tachycardia.

C) Atrial Tachycardia.

D) Atrial Fibrillation.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 5.2

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11) In Atrial Fibrillation, the rhythm is: A) grossly irregular with no pattern.

B) irregular in a repeating pattern.

C) normal.

D) very reliably regular.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 5.2 12) The QRS in Atrial Fibrillation should be ________ sec.

A) less than 0.12 B) 0.12-0.16 C) 0.16-0.20 D) greater than 0.20 Answer: A Learning Obj.: 5.2 13) The atrial rate in Atrial Fibrillation is ________ bpm.

A) less than 200 B) 200-250 C) 250-350 D) greater than 350 Answer: D Learning Obj.: 5.2 14) Atrial Fibrillation has: A) normal P waves.

B) wide QRS complexes.

C) regular R-R intervals.

D) no discernible P waves.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 5.2 15) When you encounter a rhythm that is irregular with no mappable P waves, you should suspect: A) Atrial Tachycardia.

B) Atrial Flutter.

C) Atrial Fibrillation.

D) Wandering Pacemaker.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 5.2

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16) In Atrial Fibrillation, when the ventricular rate is over 100 bpm, it is said to be: A) runaway.

B) wandering.

C) enhanced.

D) uncontrolled.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 5.2 17) In Wandering Pacemaker, the heart's pacemaker site shifts between: A) SA node, atria, and AV node.

B) SA node, atria, and ventricles.

C) AV node and ventricles.

D) atria and ventricles.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 5.2 18) A Premature Atrial Complex is: A) a single ectopic beat.

B) an entire rhythm.

C) a series of complexes.

D) a pattern of ectopic beats.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 5.2 19) The QRS complex in all atrial rhythms is expected to be: A) inverted.

B) normal.

C) distorted by P waves.

D) earlier than usual.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 5.1 20) The ventricular rate for PACs is defined as: A) less than 10 bpm.

B) 60-100 bpm.

C) greater than 100 bpm.

D) depends on underlying rhythm.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 5.2 Basic Arrhythmias With 12-Lead EKGs, 9e (Walraven) Chapter 6 Junctional Rhythms 1) In a junctional rhythm, the pacemaking impulses originate in the: A) bundle branches.

B) atrial junction.

C) AV junction.

D) SA node.

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Answer: C Learning Obj.: 6.1 2) The mechanism in which the atria are depolarized with a backward flow of electricity is called ________ conduction.

A) retrograde B) negative C) backward D) junctional Answer: A Learning Obj.: 6.1 3) In Lead II, the junctional impulse that depolarizes the atria is traveling AWAY FROM the positive electrode, thus producing a P wave that is: A) flat.

B) biphasic.

C) inverted.

D) inconsistent.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 6.1 4) A Premature Junctional Complex is a: A) pattern of grouped beating.

B) tachycardia.

C) regular arrhythmia.

D) single ectopic beat.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 6.2 5) The rate for Junctional Escape Rhythm is ________ bpm.

A) 20-40 B) 40-60 C) 60-100 D) 100-120 Answer: B Learning Obj.: 6.2

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6) In a Junctional Escape Rhythm, the QRS complex is ________ sec.

A) less than 0.12 B) 0.12-0.16 C) 0.16-0.20 D) greater than 0.20 Answer: A Learning Obj.: 6.2 7) The rate for Junctional Tachycardia is ________ bpm.

A) 40-60 B) 60-100 C) 100-120 D) 100-180 Answer: D Learning Obj.: 6.2 8) The rate for an Accelerated Junctional Rhythm is ________ bpm.

A) 40-60 B) 60-100 C) 100-120 D) 100-180 Answer: B Learning Obj.: 6.2 9) Which of the following is NOT true about Junctional Tachycardia?

A) It is irregular in a pattern of grouped beating.

B) It has inverted P waves.

C) It has a narrow QRS. D) It is a very rapid rhythm.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 6.2 10) In junctional rhythms, the P wave will always be: A) in front of the QRS. B) missing.

C) biphasic.

D) inverted.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 6.1

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11) A basic rule of electricity is that current flowing toward a positive electrode (or away from a negative electrode) produces a deflection that is: A) upright.

B) retrograde.

C) flat.

D) strong.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 6.1 12) Which of the following is NOT true about the P wave in all junctional rhythms?

A) It can fall before or after the QRS. B) It will be inverted in Lead II. C) It is unrelated to the QRS. D) It can be hidden in the QRS. Answer: C Learning Obj.: 6.1 13) Which of the following terms does NOT apply to Premature Junctional Complex?

A) Ectopic B) Retrograde conduction C) Irritability D) Suppression Answer: D Learning Obj.: 6.2 14) The normal inherent rate of the AV junction is: A) 20-40 bpm.

B) 40-60 bpm.

C) 60-100 bpm.

D) over 100 bpm.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 6.1 15) Which of the following arrhythmias is NOT in the category called Supraventricular Tachycardia?

A) Sinus Tachycardia B) Atrial Flutter C) Accelerated Junctional Rhythm D) Junctional Tachycardia Answer: C Learning Obj.: 6.2

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16) When a rhythm is regular, with narrow QRS complexes, but firing at a rate so fast that you can't distinguish the P waves to identify it more accurately, you can call the rhythm: A) supraventricular tachycardia.

B) rapid ventricular response.

C) unidentifiable tachyarrhythmia.

D) tachycardia of unknown origin.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 6.2 Basic Arrhythmias With 12-Lead EKGs, 9e (Walraven) Chapter 7 Heart Blocks 1) First Degree Heart Block is caused by: A) a block at the SA node.

B) slow conduction through the AV node.

C) a complete block in the ventricles.

D) intermittent conduction through the ventricles.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 7.2 2) Second Degree Heart Block is caused by: A) SA node failure.

B) resistance in ventricles.

C) intermittent AV conduction.

D) loss of failsafe mechanism.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 7.2 3) Third Degree Heart Block is also considered: A) Complete Heart Block.

B) intermittent block.

C) SA node block.

D) bundle branch block.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 7.2 4) In Third Degree Heart Block: A) the bundle branches are blocked.

B) the SA node and AV node are blocked.

C) some beats are conducted, while others are not.

D) the atria and ventricles are completely dissociated.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 7.2 5) In First Degree Heart Block, conduction through the AV node is: A) prolonged on every beat.

B) blocked completely.

C) conducted only intermittently.

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D) normal on every beat.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 7.2

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6) In First Degree Heart Block, the pacemaker site is usually in the: A) AV node.

B) SA node.

C) ventricles.

D) Bundle of His. Answer: B Learning Obj.: 7.2 7) In First Degree Heart Block, the PR interval is ________ sec.

A) less than 0.12 B) 0.12-0.16 C) 0.16-0.20 D) greater than 0.20 Answer: D Learning Obj.: 7.2 8) In First Degree Heart Block, the QRS complex should be: A) less than 0.12 sec.

B) 0.12-0.20 sec.

C) greater than 0.20 sec.

D) the same as the PRI. Answer: A Learning Obj.: 7.2 9) In a Wenckebach, not every P wave is followed by: A) a compensatory pause.

B) a PR interval.

C) a QRS complex.

D) another P wave.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 7.2 10) Wenckebach is a ________ Degree Heart Block.

A) First B) Type I Second C) Type II Second D) Third Answer: B Learning Obj.: 7.2 11) In Type II Second Degree Heart Block with variable conduction, the R-R interval: A) methodically increases.

B) randomly increases.

C) consistently decreases.

D) is irregular.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 7.2 25 Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.

12) In Complete Heart Block, if a junctional focus is controlling the heart, the rate will be ________ beats per minute.

A) below 20 B) 20-40 C) 40-60 D) 60-100 Answer: C Learning Obj.: 7.2 13) If the rate is 20-40 beats per minute and the QRS measures over 0.12 sec, you should suspect that the pacemaker controlling the heart is located in the: A) SA Node.

B) atria.

C) AV junction.

D) ventricles.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 7.1 14) In Complete Heart Block, the PR interval is: A) normal duration and constant.

B) constant but longer than normal.

C) normal duration but changing.

D) P waves are not related to QRS complexes.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 7.2 15) In Second Degree Heart Block (Type I and Type II), there is (are): A) one P wave for every QRS complex.

B) more QRS complexes than P waves.

C) more P waves than QRS complexes.

D) no relationship between P waves and QRS complexes.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 7.2 16) The type of block in which the P waves have no relationship to the QRS complexes is: A) First Degree Heart Block.

B) Wenckebach (Type I Second Degree Heart Block).

C) Type II Second Degree Heart Block.

D) Third Degree Heart Block.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 7.2

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17) All of the rhythms characterized as heart blocks are caused by conduction disturbances at the: A) SA node.

B) atrial pathways.

C) AV node.

D) Purkinje fibers.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 7.1 18) In Third Degree Heart Block with a rate of 40-60 bpm, with a QRS of less than 0.12 sec, you should suspect that the pacemaker controlling the heart is located in the: A) SA node.

B) atria.

C) AV junction.

D) ventricles.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 7.2 19) In First Degree Heart Block, what additional feature must you identify?

A) Underlying rhythm B) Pulse deficit C) QT ratio D) Bundle branch block Answer: A Learning Obj.: 7.2 20) The most diagnostic feature of Wenckebach is: A) there are always 2 P waves for every QRS complex.

B) the PRI is consistently regular.

C) both atrial and ventricular rates are regular.

D) the PRIs get progressively longer until one is dropped.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 7.2 21) Which of the following is NOT a feature of Classical Type II Second Degree Heart Block?

A) There are always more P waves than QRS complexes.

B) The PRI is consistent on conducted beats.

C) Not all the P waves produce QRS complexes.

D) The PRI varies, with no obvious pattern.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 7.2

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22) In Third Degree Heart Block, the pacemaker can be in either the: A) atria or AV junction.

B) AV junction or ventricles.

C) SA node or ventricles.

D) SA node or atria.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 7.2 23) The most serious of the four AV blocks is: A) First Degree.

B) Wenckebach (Type I Second Degree).

C) Type II Second Degree.

D) Third Degree.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 7.2 24) The difference between Wenckebach and CHB is that: A) CHB has a regular R-R, whereas Wenckebach is irregular.

B) CHB has a constant PRI, whereas in Wenckebach it gets progressively longer.

C) CHB has an irregular P-P interval, whereas it's regular in Wenckebach.

D) CHB has more P waves than QRS complexes, whereas Wenckebach always has one P wave for every QRS complex.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 7.2 25) The most important diagnostic feature for any of the AV blocks is the: A) rate.

B) P wave.

C) PRI. D) QRS complex.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 7.1 26) AV dissociation is a feature of: A) First Degree Heart Block.

B) Wenckebach (Type I Second Degree Heart Block).

C) Type II Second Degree Heart Block.

D) Third Degree Heart Block.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 7.2 Basic Arrhythmias With 12-Lead EKGs, 9e (Walraven) Chapter 8 Ventricular Rhythms 1) A Premature Ventricular Complex is a(n): A) single irritable beat.

B) atrial malfunction.

C) escape mechanism.

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D) heart block.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 8.2 2) A compensatory pause is a(n): A) AV conduction defect.

B) delay within atria.

C) delay that causes a PVC. D) delay following a PVC. Answer: D Learning Obj.: 8.2 3) Unifocal PVCs: A) arise from multiple irritable sites.

B) change conduction from one beat to the next.

C) look like each other.

D) look like the underlying rhythm.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 8.2 4) Which of the following is NOT true about multifocal PVCs? A) They have a variety of configurations.

B) They arise from multiple foci.

C) They usually look alike.

D) They indicate increased irritability.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 8.2 5) Two PVCs attached together are referred to as: A) a double PVC. B) a couplet.

C) bigeminy of PVCs. D) repeating PVCs. Answer: B Learning Obj.: 8.2

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6) PVCs falling in a pattern of every other beat are referred to as: A) runs of PVCs. B) bigeminy.

C) coupled PVCs. D) repeating PVCs. Answer: B Learning Obj.: 8.2 7) When PVCs appear in a pattern where every third beat is a PVC, the pattern is called: A) runs of PVCs. B) tricyclic PVCs. C) trigeminy.

D) triplets.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 8.2 8) The heart rate for Ventricular Tachycardia is ________ bpm.

A) 40-60 B) 60-100 C) 100-150 D) 150-250 Answer: D Learning Obj.: 8.2 9) The QRS complexes in Ventricular Fibrillation are: A) 0.12 sec or greater.

B) not measurable.

C) less than 0.12 sec.

D) wide and uniform.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 8.2 10) The term "agonal" is used to describe a: A) painful arrhythmia.

B) rapid rhythm.

C) terminal arrhythmia.

D) chronic arrhythmia.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 8.2 11) The rate for an Idioventricular Rhythm is ________ bpm.

A) 20-40 B) 40-60 C) 60-100 D) 100-120 Answer: A Learning Obj.: 8.2 30 Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.

12) The rhythm that is the result of the total absence of cardiac electrical activity is referred to as: A) Asystole.

B) Idioventricular Rhythm.

C) Ventricular Tachycardia.

D) Ventricular Fibrillation.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 8.2 13) A basic rule for ventricular arrhythmias is that the QRS is: A) less than 0.12 sec.

B) 0.12 sec or greater.

C) variable.

D) inverted.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 8.1 14) Ventricular Tachycardia that has a rate below 150 is identified as: A) Ventricular Fibrillation.

B) slow Ventricular Tachycardia.

C) Ventricular Bradycardia.

D) Ventricular Asystole.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 8.2 15) The PR interval in Ventricular Tachycardia is: A) less than 0.08 sec.

B) 0.08-0.12 sec.

C) greater than 0.12 sec.

D) not measurable.

Answer: D Learning Obj.: 8.2 16) Ventricular Tachycardia is caused by: A) an irritable focus within the ventricles.

B) an irritable pacemaker moving between the AV junction and the ventricles.

C) blocked conduction within the bundle branches.

D) an escape pacemaker within the ventricles.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 8.2

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17) Which of the following is NOT true about Ventricular Tachycardia?

A) It often looks like a string of connected PVCs. B) It sometimes has P waves.

C) It has a constant PRI. D) It is usually regular.

Answer: C Learning Obj.: 8.2 18) When an ectopic beat falls during the vulnerable phase of the cardiac cycle, it is called: A) vulnerability.

B) R on T phenomenon.

C) escape mechanism.

D) phased ectopic.

Answer: B Learning Obj.: 8.2 19) Which of the following types of PVCs is NOT considered a particular warning of increased myocardial irritability?

A) Couplets and runs B) Bigeminy, trigeminy, or quadrigeminy C) R on T phenomenon D) Interpolation Answer: D Learning Obj.: 8.2 20) Idioventricular Rhythm can be described as all of the following EXCEPT: A) an irritable rhythm.

B) an agonal rhythm.

C) an escape rhythm.

D) a lethal rhythm.

Answer: A Learning Obj.: 8.2 21) Which of the following is NOT caused by irritability?

A) Premature Ventricular Complex B) Idioventricular Rhythm C) Ventricular Tachycardia D) Ventricular Fibrillation Answer: B Learning Obj.: 8.2

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22) Which of the following is a feature of Asystole?

A) No measurable waves or complexes B) Flutter waves on the baseline C) Wide, bizarre QRS complexes D) Rate 20-40 bpm Answer: A Learning Obj.: 8.2 23) Which of the following is NOT a lethal arrhythmia?

A) Premature Ventricular Complexes B) Ventricular Tachycardia C) Ventricular Fibrillation D) Idioventricular Rhythm Answer: A Learning Obj.: 8.2 24) Which of the following is NOT a feature of a typical Premature Ventricular Complex?

A) Preceded by upright P wave B) Followed by compensatory pause C) QRS measuring 0.12 sec or greater D) T wave in opposite direction from R wave Answer: A Learning Obj.: 8.2 25) Which of the following is NOT a sign of myocardial irritability?

A) Frequent or increasing PVCs B) Short bursts of Ventricular Tachycardia C) Asystole D) Multifocal PVCs Answer: C Learning Obj.: 8.2 26) Which of the following is the premier diagnostic feature of Ventricular Fibrillation?

A) Rate greater than 350 bpm B) P waves unrelated to QRS complexes C) More P waves than QRS complexes D) No measurable waves or complexes Answer: D Learning Obj.: 8.2

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