Major Project final report

Major Project

Final Report

2019-09-05

Death, digital heritage, memory

Doris Tong B816785

Words count: 5088

Tutor: Chris Parker

01

Content Website or APP?

11

Project Brief

Initial Concept Statement

12

Stage 1 process

Moscow Evaluation

Introduction

02

Hi-fi evaluation

25

Final Design

26

Video prototype

30

Stage 2 overview

03

Persona

13

Conclusion

31

Opportunities-HMW

04

Uer Journey Map

14

Reference

32

Co-design workshop

15

Appendix

34

Key Features Discussion

16

Co-design with worksheet HMW Evaluation

05

Key Uers Refinement

06

Jobs to be done

07

Challenges

17

Content Scenarios

UX Vision Statement

Storyboards

18

Design Principle

Platform Name

19

Ideation

08

Sitemap

Ideas Evaluaion Concept ideas

Final Concept Statement

09

Wireframe

20

Low fidelity Testing

How Now Wow Evaluation Supportive Research

10

Lo-fi key pages

21

Concept Refinement

11

Lo-fi evaluation

22

Potential Features

Visual Design

23

Concept Sketching

High fidelity Testing

24

O2

Introduction

Introduction Project brief This project is to explore the attitudes and needs of Internet users (who have intentionally shown interest in their data¹ inheritage) regarding their own data estate before their natural death, to form a new way of transmission and commemoration in the future².

(Data¹: it mainly includes photos, files, audios, and electronic intellectual property.

Future²: it refers to the time when millennials reach full retirement age, around 2050-2060.)

The stage2 report includes the design process of setting up a UX vision to determine focus, and brainstorm activities to help come up with the final design which were all builded on the insights filtered at stage1. The final design is a website for storing data that promotes strong connection of intimate social network. Privacy, social network and data storage were analyzed in the report. During the whole design and research process, insights and user requirements will be referred and updated through design activities to create a better user experience.

Stage1 progress In the previous phase, the researcher had already obtained a lot of information about the target user's point of view towards their data heritage, which has been analyzed and summarized into insights.

Some preliminary HMW for each insight were carried out.

Actionable insights The following two insights were selected as the main problems, because they both have great potential for further research and can be solved to some extent. These insights were analyzed from the perspective of users, pain points to provide inspiration for opportunities.

(See Appendix 1 for all insights and analysis)

1.

People want to process and shape their data legacy before they die, because they don't want to leave regret or hurt their loved ones and they want to be remembered and recalled in a specific and positive image, but there is too much data and they have not established the awareness of processing data.

2.

People want to have interaction with the deceased, using audio, text and photos. And they also want to cherish their loved ones who are alive, because they need to express emotion privately, but some interaction is varied, and there is no universal technology can satisfy this need.

Table 1 Actionable insights

03

Introduction

Stage2 Design Process Overview Here is an overview of stage2's design process, which shows the basic framework of the report. Based on the double diamonds, methods and tools listed in each stage were arranged in sequence of use.

Define

Develop

Deliver

Gain insights & define problems

Ideation&Develop possible solutions

Iteration& Improve final solutions

Co-design workshop How might we...?

Insight analysis Initial persona

Crazy eight What if cards Futurescan tool Content scenario Task flow Storyboards Moscow User journey map Persona Co-design

Sitemap Wireframing User testing A/B testing Evaluation Iteration Visual design Video prototype

Opportunity

Opportunities-How Might We How Might We method was used in this project to provide more opportunities and possibilities as well as to determine the future design direction. HMW questions was developed with the integrate of future technology trend, designers' perspective, and secondary research. A number of opportunities had been brainstormed and distributed under two ďŹ ltered insights using Co-design and HMW-worksheet. (see Appendix 2 for all HMWs)

Co-design with HMW-worksheet In the process of co-design, researcher and two design students formed a group to do co-design. The purpose of this co-design was to help researchers break ďŹ xed thinking and understand the perspectives of other designers. Meanwhile, through introducing topics and insights to other design students, researchers can have a deeper understanding of their own projects(Stickdorn, 2016).

First, each person introduced his or her own ongoing project and the insights he or she wanted to explore. After it, researchers learned the brainstorming tips provided on HMW-worksheet, including Amp up the good, Focus on emotions and so on. Then these tips were used to brainstorm everyone's topic. Each person would introduce own HMWs to the researchers. Each insights obtained would be evaluated and discussed by each researcher. (see Appendix3 for HMW worksheet)

04

05

Opportunity

HMW Evaluation The HMWs were screened by using the evaluation matrix with the axis as feasibility and experience in order to figure out the design direction that could be realized and could best meet the needs of users.

Eight HMWs were selected, and the researcher found that they could be classified into three aspects: Organize Data, Awareness building and Emotion.

Therefore, these three directions would be used as the focuses of ideation.

However, in order to avoid the limitation of thinking, these 8 HMWs will be considered isolated when doing ideation.

Organize data: HMW help to filter and manage the valuable part of their data?

HMW reate an enjoyable experience of processing their personal data?

HMW make the data heritage editable?

Build awareness: HMW build the awareness of data heritage in advance?

HMW motivate people to cherish their loved ones?

Emotion: HMW change the experience of emotion catharsis?(say love when they are still alive?)

HMW transfer people’s memory into digital?

HMW make people cherish the people alive?

Table 2 Filtered HMWs

06

Key User

Key users refine Who is the key user?

First, the target user should be Chinese corresponding to the participants interviewed in stage1. The target user was professionals because they accumulated a large amount of personal and professional data, which were the valuable and worthy parts of inheritance. As for the age of the target users, it was analyzed by dividing into three categories in Table3.

Considering users who were troubled by too much data should have a preliminary awareness of death and may need opportunities to express their emotions, middle age was chosen. And the condition retired was added. If some users were at the peak of their career, they may not have time to deal with these problems. However, when retired people finished their career, they have a lot of free time and energy to look back on their life and do what they want to do. Therefore, the key users were refined as Chinese retired professionals.

Young people

Middle-aged people

Elderly people

pros

1. Can establish the conciousness of dealing with inheritance at a young age 2. Have time to record and create a lot of life's worth

cons

1. Have not yet established the value of death 2. It's hard to stick to a habit for a lifetime

pros

1. Be able to recall the first half of life while still having time to process and create new memory 2. Preliminary establishment of the concept of death

cons

1. It might be well-motivated 2. Some data may have been lost

pros

1. Almost reached the peak of data accumulation in a lifetime and can throwback the entire life 2. Have already builded awareness of death

cons

1. No enough time to create new memory 2. Physical problems Table 3 Key users assessment

07

Key User

UX vision statement

Jobs to be done Jobs to be Done was used here as a reference to the content framework of persona(Christensen, 2017). This concept helps researchers to set up a higher goal by breaking down jobs firstly into Main&Related and then into Emotional&Functional.

Emotional pain points Afraid of facing death Afraid of hurting people alive Afraid of being forgotten by loved ones worry about leaving regrets and unspoken words Experience pain points Have too much data to filter and process Confused about the appropriate time to dealing with heritage Worried about data loss and the security of passing down Haven't build the awareness of processing personal data Emotional goals Express love and life(inner feelings) Feel secure and reliable Cherish the people alive Find self value during processing

UX vision was based on key users, insights and filtered HMWs. The UX vision statement were constantly modified as the design progresses according to the user refinement and HMW. The final version is as follows: 「 There's an opportunity for a product or service for Chinese retired professionals who want to give their loved ones a sense of their love and life after they are dead but all of their recorded memories are split over a vast array of locations, there is no support to form emotions and memories into digital gifts, and no way to deliver these emotions and stories after the 'author' has died. 」

Design principle • Private: Privacy always comes first& keep user aware of terms and privacy

Experience goals Process and organize data conveniently Privacy is needed even after death Express love and life by using&creating data Summary life using current data Set levels of confidentiality to unpublished information Adjust and change the data left anytime (editable) Table 4 Jobs to be done

• Easy: Easy to enter link or archive data into the account. Users can see life and feel love with their loved ones in one place and it’s fast, visually appealing.

• Linkable: All the work can be linked edited saved and downloaded anytime.

• Shareable: Easy to share with others about your masterpiece.

• Pass down: easily and safely pass down data heritage to someone

08

Ideation

Ideation According to filtered HMWs, the researcher started to ideation. Idea could be a highlight, a concept or a form. In order to gain as many ideas as possible, the following tools were used by the researcher in sequence.

Crazy 8 Crazy 8 was used at the beginning of ideation, helping researchers warm up without preconceived stereotypes. The researcher was asked to do brainstorming with eight concepts in eight minutes, based on each HMW.

What if cards What if card was used to help the researcher find more inspirations from existing innovations from four trends (Market, Technological, Customer, Regulation). Each card only has 30s to generate some ideas, and this rule was followed to complete the whole set of cards.

Futurescan tool Futurescan provides social trends in different aspects and brainstorm about the future scenario to help the researcher to imagine relevant products and service as it might be in 50 to 60 years.(see Appendix 4 for futurescan tool)

Ideas Evaluation As there were too many ideas generated, the researcher conducted a preliminary screening to exclude some impractical and existing ideas. All ideas are initially screened by an evaluation matrix with axis of original or normal ideas and easy or difficult to implement.

Ideas selected would be used to compose different concepts.

O9

Concept ideas

Concept ideas The table displays some of the concepts generated in a way of sketching to better communicating and doing user testing.

(See logbook for 8 concepts sketching)

How Now Wow Evaluation

No.1. Provide a framework for users to record their valuable time, such as when they got married, had a high career, or had a baby. Users record by AR and describe the moment in 5w1h.

No.2. A book of life history, users can enter a VR scene created or recorded in advance by clicking on the plots in the book. This book can tell a story and make people cherish their current life.

Eight concepts were summarized and labeled with numbers.

They were evaluated by the matrix of How Now Wow. Finally, there are two concepts that fall into the wow area:

No.3. Let users reflect on what kind of person they are, and then create different versions of themselves according to the accumulated data of different life periods, including the dark side of themselves, and then pass them on to their loved ones.

No.4: A gift to special person that can be shared or co-work with No.6: My life is part of your life(share common memory)

No.4. Create gifts that were combined with data for different people, who must be very trusted and loved ones. User can also create a gift for the world. These gifts can be edited and Shared to make people feel self worth.

According to previous research, people have not established the consciousness to set their own data after death and because they have not actual experienced the death, it was hard to get people alive to think ahead of time about what's going to happen after they were died. Hence, No.4 and No.6 were selected as the final concept beause they focus on the emotion perspective of people alive, allowing users to recall the past and cherish the present. It also reduces the pressure on users to "pre-process data legacies". These two concepts were merged into the final concept.

(See logbook for concepts evaluation)

No.5. A love letter, users can edit what they want to say on it, these love letters will be set in advance to whom to send, the recipient has the right to see and download the received love letters.

No.6. Everyone is a database, but some data is common between people, like common memory. Users can use data to link the common memory of each other together to form another common database.

No.7. Each user is limited to the amount of data passed down. For example, the user can only leave 5 pictures or can only tell one story.

No.8. The regret box: provide guidance to give them the courage to express their feelings and express their emotions.

Table 5 Jobs to be done

10

Supportive Research

Supportive Research Secondary research will mainly discuss the relationship between people and their social circle.

From the social interaction centered on the TV and blogs to the fragmented social internet era, people's attitudes, needs and social circles are constantly changing (The Pew research center, 2019).

1. People are paying more attention to the privacy of their social circle.

58% of the social networking site users said that their main data is set to private (The Pew research center, 2019)

86% internet users have taken steps to remove or mask their digital footprints

2. People want to express themselves more freely.

74%

85%

of users said they deleted friends because of the need to build their reputation.

of the messages shared on Instagram are assigned to the same group of friends

(The Pew research center, 2019)

(Social Media today, 2017)

Teens who use sites like Twitter and Instagram say they feel they can express themselves better on these platforms. They feel under pressure to manage their image because they have too many friends on Facebook.

They have to manage their networks and hide information they didn't want others to know. People start to be less honest with others, because of the social pressure and the inability to be themselves. People began to seek to be themselves, to seek a comfortable space for themselves.

(Future Agenda, 2017)

According to the Pew Research Center, young man decreases the number of Facebook friends, and reduces the release of personal information. In addition to general privacy Settings, Facebook users can choose to further restrict who can see the information they publish and update. In addition, The Verge reported in June 2017 that Instagram has been experimenting with a potential new feature called "friend lists", which also allows users to share posts with a limited group of friends. It also indicates that it is the current social trend and demand to emphasize the private sharing in social media so as to create social circle with higher privacy.

Generally, the researcher found that highly private social circles and processing data can be mutually reinforcing. By providing users with a space with strong privacy, they would feel free to express themselves.

And recalling users own data history can help screen out people who they really care, making users' social contact become eďŹƒcient and enhancing interpersonal relationships.

Therefore, the researchers decided to add the features of building an intimate social network and select the data of loved ones as the ďŹ rst batch to save.

11

Concept Refinement

Concept refinement Potential features&questions Based on the previous user requirement, the researcher focused on two points. One was to help them filter out and store important data through structure of memories. The second was to help them cherish the people around them and express their love and life. The initial features are as follow: 1.Build a very intimate social network, where the friend list was the people users really trust and love.

2. Provide some framework to help them select memories from different people and create different spaces to place them, where users feel free to express their emotions.

3. Provide a function of sharing of space where users stored all the memories associated with their loved one.It could be given as a gift to the loved one or as a data legacy.

Table 6 Potential features

There were some features problems, such as the privacy of sharing space, the frame of the space, how they collect their seperate data and the user journey should be further discussed later.

Concept sketching&User testing The final design concept was presented as a simple sketching that was used to deliver the concpt content and do simple peer testings.

The feedback was that users were concerned how to collect their data in Facebook, instagram easily and classify them. They also cared about the privacy problem. This was also put in consideration of data collection.

Website or app？ Researchers believed that the form of the product should be a cloud-based platform in both ways of a website and an app. When users were using on computers, the action was more ritual and private, while using mobile phones was the fastest way when users found some worth preserving data. In the future, there may be AR or VR data that could be stored on this platform. Therefore, the carrier of product was not limited.

12

Concept Refinement

Initial concept statement It’s a cloud-based platform that utilizes online editors, social networking service and Data hosting service to enable creating special memory for Chinese retired professionals to give their loved ones a sense of their love and life as well as to pass down the memory as heritage safely. social networking service : People use this platform to build social network and social relationship by sharing information.

Moscow Evaluation Moscow method was used to prioritise user requirements and task goals. This helped the researcher refine features by providing a standard.

Must do -Motivate to process current data -Give chance to express feelings -Throwback the life in the past -Motivate to cherish the loved ones -Share memory with the loved ones

Should do -Classify and archive personal data -Reduce the hurt data may causes to others -Aware of the terms and conditions -Preserve the data and pass down safely -Create new memory based on the current

Could do -Build the social networking circle -Build the family tree -Make user feel a sense of self-worth -Make the data filtering more efficient like using face recognization to filter photos

Won’t do -Interaction with the deceased -Rebuild the deceased -Connect with normal people -Offer some -Pay to store private data

13

Persona

Persona Persona is a user profile with complete personal information, which helps researchers understand the user, test the scenario and think about the design from the user's perspective(Martin,2012).

“ My life is part of yours, and I hope you could feel that I am always there for you..."

Doris started using internet since she was a child. She usually posts some photos about her friends, article about work reflection, illustration achievement on WeChat, Blog, Instagram and Behance. Also, she has a lot of precious photos as well as personal drawings she didnt share with others. By the time she is free, she will go through these data to throwback.

However, sometimes she will be bothered by the fully storage of data but doesn’t know how and no tool to help her. She really cares about personal private of her data. Some photos or drawings she only wants to share with specific person, like her best friend or her husband.

Doris, 55, illustrator Internet age: 44 years

Time passes by, some of her friends have passed away, which gave Doris much influence to think about her heritage and how to cherish her loved ones. Some inner thoughts or regrets always come to her mind and she really needs a chance to express her feelings to her loved ones...

Emotional goals Express love and life(inner feelings) Feel the platform is secure and reliable Cherish the loved ones Feel self-worth Feel motivated to organize the data Experience goals Archive and organize data conveniently Privacy is needed even after death Express love and life by using&creating data Summary life using current data Set levels of confidentiality to different people Save data safely and privately Adjust and edit the data left anytime

Concept Refinement

User Journey Map This method was mainly used to establish the key features of the concept. Horizontal titles of user journey were stages, like aware, join, etc., and only the Doing part was put in the map. The reasons were to find touch points and to think about the user's scenarios at different stages so as to define the features. Some questions like “Why I want to use it?” or “What can I do?” help researchers to think in users’ perspective.

14

Concept Refinement

15

Co-design workshop Researcher invited a pair of friends to attend this workshop who have a friendship of more than 20 years. They also expressed their willingness to review and share common memory with each other. This workshop was to understand what memory they would share if they were co-editing it, what was the recap structure, what they could gain from the process.

First they were asked to fill a questionaire as warming up. They began to freely construct their common memories on a whiteboard, and separately added digital content with post-it notes. And then they were interviewd about the process.

The findings and their comment are on the table. The researchers set the structure of memory in timeline to do further design. The decision was made to set different privacy levels for different spaces and the usercan set who can share this space. These workshop findings would be used as references for future wireframe design and iterations.

(See Appendix 5 for the whole workshop details)

1Privacy: “Different ppl to me even my loved ones have different privacy levels. My loved ones like friend who was almost at same level may have no hesitate to share everything but different with my parents.”

2.Strucutre: Some places reminded me a lot of memory that’s why we chosed a site map as the structure to recall memory, but when reflecting, we started from the first time they knew each other. The actual structure we used was development of the relationship, which was timeline.

3. Sharing right: “If they have something secret they can say it in their personal page. But the personal page actually depends on whether they want it to be a biography or self-reflection.”

4.Motivation: If some friend who is actively suing social media and taking photos shares his space with me, it actually motivated me to do it and make me feel self-valued.

Overall comment It is really good to talk or laugh about some memory details. When some details are specially remembered by one person so it will be much surprised which helps to build the relationship.

Table 7 Co-design findings

Key features discussion

16

Key features discussion Below are key features and their discussion as well as problem solving.

1. It can connect and obtain information from different social platforms of users with the consent. And it is optional to connect whenever necessary (when uers need to upload a photo from Instagram account)

Help users quickly access private data scattered across online platforms and bring them together when necessary.

2. Users can create a separate and private space for each beloved and co-edit with them, in which memories related to that beloved are stored with different stories(in a way of sections). Users can create a space for their own or create a space for more than one person.

Provide users with emotional motivation to go through their own data.

At the same time, it reduces the "pressure to set up the data legacy in advance". In terms of emotion, users feel safe to express their thoughts, love and even tell their life experiences, reducing the feeling of regret.

When users reflect on memories related to loved ones, it can motivate them create new memories.

3. Provide frameworks to help them recall memory and storage data such as timeline, map, file type and other categories.

Help users store data quickly and reduce confusion and confusion. Make working with data easy and easy. When recalling a shared memory, the way can varied and interesting.

4. Build intimate and highly private social networks where users can add loved ones (other users) and interact with them.

Allows users to think about their beloved and trustworthy close circle of friends, while at the same time has a high degree of privacy. This helps users value the people around them.

5. Provide a function of setting up the heir of the account and sharing of space where users stored all the memories associated with their loved one.It could be given as a gift to the loved one or as a data legacy.

It reminds users should prepare for data inheritance in advance, giving users a sense of handover ritual, and creating gifts for their loved ones can provide users with a sense of accomplishment and happiness. When the user receives the account of the deceased, they will have a kind of self-affirmation.

Table 8 Key features discussion

Context Scenarios

17

Features challenges Feature2 is about the private space that only shared with one or few users, the researcher did some thinking about WHEN the user could share the space. By the time it is completed as a gift to that person or in the beginning as a co-edit space for two? If a user has something he wants to say to his loved one, but not when they were co-editing, where should they express it?

Is there really something between users and their loved ones?

It would be discussed and confirmed through interviews specifically proposed during iteration.

Context Scenarios &Task flow The setting of this scenario and task flow was to verify whether key featurs can solve the pain points. It provided story lines to storyboard. And it served as the primary user journey, providing scenarios and tasks for future user testing. And the whole journey was tested to detect whether the goals in Moscow have been completed.

Background: You are 55 and about to retire. Your best friend is called Mona. She understands you a lot and has accompanied you almost your entire life from high school graduation till now. You have a lot of digital data about each other.

Scenario1: You want to organize the digital data you've got about Mona. So first you register on that website. But you are bit cautious about the privacy…

-Task: 1.Register in the homepage.

2.Section 1 about how they feel about privacy and social media connection.

Scenario2: You have used this platform for a long time. You have already have 'Oh! Mona' page where you can organize all the digital data you've got about Mona. Now you need to go to that page and upload some photos to a uni graduation section which you have already created.

-Task: 1.Go to the page for 'Oh! Mona'.

2.check the data you've got with Mona in the page format of both timeline and in files.

3.go to uni graduation section and upload a new photo.

Section 2 is about data entering of website and basic use.

Scenario3: You want to organize the digital data together with Mona like you are creating something together.

-Task: 1.invite Mona to join the editing.

2.see what she updated on your common pages.

3.check the status of that page.

Table 9 Context scenarios&Task flow

18

Storyboards

Storyboards 1

The storyboard will draw based on the content scenario. Each storyboard would have corresponding interfaces. (see logbook Key features-storyboards).

2

Doris has been to a funeral.

5

9

Doris was asked to choose a template of the space with her loved one and think about the stories between them.

10

Doris found that some data that only Mona had.

4

Her phone suggested her to organize her data using a special platform.

6

The platform asked her to think about her loved ones.

3

Doris invited Mona to join the space and throwback their memory together

She created her account and connect with her Facebook.

She started using this platform.

7

Scenario1: 1-4

8 She created a space with her friend Mona and started uploading photos about her.

11

Doris found something they haven’t done before and decided to do it when they are still energetic!

Some tips help Doris to throwback their memory and express her feelings

12

30 years after, Mona passed away.

Doris downloaded their common memory and remeber her.

Scenario2: 5-8

Scenario3: 9-12

19

PLatform

Platform name

C

Closer The platform has been named Closer. The first reason was the hope that through this platform, users can get closer to their loved ones by recalling the common past. The second was from the word close, which stands for the privacy provided by the platform to users, whose accounts and data are not open to the public.

Site map According to the key features of the platform and task flow in story boards, the framework of the whole platform was constructed. It helped the researcher sort out the distribution of functions and the logic of its use.

Register Infomation entering page

Passwords entering page

Log in

Space page/ memory page

Terms& conditions

Final concept statement Closer is a cloud-based platform that utilizes online editors, social networking service and Data hosting service to enable Chinese retired professionals to create, co-edit and store their precious memories with different people, in order to give their loved ones a sense of their love and life while passing on these common memories as legacies. social networking service : People use this platform to build social network and social relationship by sharing information.

User page

Front page

Pass down

Social media connection

Download

timeline/files fromat

Share / invite

Story Page

Others’ stories

Choose template

Loved ones list

Story Edit page

Upload photos

Loved ones sharing page

Pages and journeys involved in scenarios

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Wireframe

Wireframe Once the sitemap was set up, the researcher began drawing wireframes on paper. Each wireframe took into account the functionality and basic layout. The initial versions were initially screened by the researcher. As the use of web pages involves some scroll, jump and other actions, the researcher decided to use Sketch to draw the initial wireframes into lo-fi for the user test instead of using paper screen in order to get closer to the real world.

(See Appendix 6 for paper screens)

Low fidelity testing Purpose?

The researchers recruited three people to test lofi testing in order to verify whether the platform really solves the pain points of the target users, whether the functions were clearly and intuitively used, whether the process was smooth, and to understand their preferences and psychological feelings (privacy aspect) during the use.

Who? Five participants were recruited. Participant1 to Participant4 were interviewed in stage one and did co-design before. Participant5 was a photographer in China who had just retired so only him was tested via onling link.

How? All four participants tested Lo-fi prototype on Sketch with a basic interaction.

Before testing, they were presented with background, three scenarios set previously and corresponding tasks which were same on Content Scenarios.

Since the first scenario was registration and the second was to test the basic functions of the website, the researcher would explain the website before second scenario due to a gap in the use experience between the two scenarios.

Collect?

The whole test processes were recorded by laptop screen recording, and then simple interview were conducted to deeply understand their opinions. (see appendix for all interview questions and logbook for data collected) Analysis?

Since participants tested the same scenarios, the researcher used Performance and interview to analyze the usability of the website.Because figures could make better comparison of before and after.

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Lo-fi Testing

Lo-fi Prototype Key pages See Appendix 8 for all Lo-ďŹ pages.

Front page

User page

Memory page

Story page

Lo-fi Testing

22

Lo-fi Evaluation The researcher conducted two iterations with Lo-fi prototype. The results of the iterations and the adjustments made by researchers were described as follows in scenario classification: Scenario1: Register Participants mentioned that there were too many steps to complete the registration. Especially the final part of connecting to different social networking sites, which was suggested to finish within one page with corresponding buttons to connect. And they all mentioned that they didn't read the explanatory text in each information fields. Therefore, the researcher only leaves a few necessary parts such as security code to explain.

As for the part of the secure code, the researchers set it as the password that users can use to inherit the data as heirs. Many people misunderstood the text “Secure code” as confirmation code. They only read the explanatory words in a cursory way, so the researchers rephrase the name into “Security password”.

Scenario2: Upload a photo Regarding the intimate relationship network, they affirmed that it did strengthen and stabilize intimate relationships by having them review their memory. But they said they would rather use their usual social software, instead of chatting with loved ones on this platform. Therefore the chat room feature was removed. They thought they could also be prompted by a website to create new memories, or "this day three years ago", which could be added later.

As for uploading photos, participants all had trouble finding the entrance to upload. Because the page had formats of timeline and files, the

researcher previously only set up a story section from the timeline as an entry to upload photos. So the researchers added another entry in the file page. The file page can not view the data by type, but also to upload data to the file port and store it in users database library.

The researcher used to added a music feature to the page, because music is a very emotional tool, and intimate relationships sometimes have memory about music. However most people didn’t think it was necessary, so the research believed it can be converted into a song list or a shared song list that they have heard before, etc. as a future function.

Scenario3: Invite As for the button of inviting friends to co-edit the space, there were some interface problems with the position of icon and font size, which were adjusted. The researcher and participants agreed that it was important to show the status of page's privacy and that it needed to be very clear and identifiable at all times. When a page has been shared with loved ones, they said they also want to see their loved one's updates about what they added or commented on this space, which was like watching the other person's efforts for the relationship and making them feel happy.

Participant1 and Participant2 suggested that there were some confusion about the site while doing scenario2. The researcher also reflected on this, and believed that a task of asking them to create a new page with their loved ones should be added, so that the testers could better understand the meaning of different page modules created for different people in the personal page.

23

Visual Design

Visual design The researcher created a moodboard as a visual reference for aesthetics in hi-ďŹ design. It includes fonts, color palettes, and imagery. The font style chosen was intended to look like a magazine or book font, so that users can feel like reading their past history. Colors and interfaces were designed to have strong personality, avoiding the sense of distance or it was just a tool. As for colors, the collocation of dark blue and orange gave users very strong visual impact.

In order to get close to the ďŹ nal website during the test, researchers made interactive animations in personal web pages and timeline. When mouse was on, cover image would be enlarged. Such interaction can help testers understand the use status of the website and the layout of dierent pages.

All the photos on the page are from Unsplash. Icon are from FlatIcon.

Moodboard

Optima Champagne & Limousines Calibri

13

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24

HI-fi Testing

High fidelity testing Purpose?

The High fidelity prototype were used to conduct user testing in terms of interface, interaction and function. The purpose was to understand the impact of graphic on functions, interactive requirements, fluency of use, and whether visual usability was improved.

Who? The high fidelity test was by three people, participant6, participant7 and participant8 in design school.

How? Because the interaction of website could cause a big different on tester's use experience and visual experience. After the first scenario, the researcher explained the website and displayed the interaction of the Personal page through ProtoPie to help the tester understand the visual interaction of the website.

Hi-fi evaluation The testing resulted two iterations(See appendix 9 for iterations content).

Results and analysis were summarized as follows according to functional classifications: 1. User page Most people said that in user page, it was difficult to distinguish the page modules created for different people due to the graphic influence. The title, description text, privacy status, and cover photo on each small module led to a little confusion. The researcher tried to distinguish different modules by interactive animations, but found that it did not really solve the problem. After the discussion between the researcher and the researcher's tutor, it was found that the cover image sizes of each module were different in the layout and did not have visual impact to show they were pages entrance. So the researcher redesigned the layout and interaction patterns of user page to make it more clear and enlarged the cover photos.

Collect&analysis?

Except that some scenario contents were modified to avoid misleading the participants, three scenarios were the same as Lo-fi testing, and the methods of data collection and analysis were also the same as Lo-fi testing which is Performance.

(See Logbook for HI-Fi data collection)

Cover photos, png and video but not in same size

25

HI-fi Testing 2. Comment Participants 6 and 7 said they enjoyed talking about something interesting that happened in the past, regardless of whether the memory was happy or sad. This was also mentioned by the good friends in co-design. Participants said that if they edited the same memory page together when they were separated, they expected to be able to comment and respond to each photo.

"We were in Shanghai last summer and you were pissed o."

"Hahaha really, I was so naive at that time"............

Thumb-up and comment were two features they suggested to add. Some people also said that the photo would be more completed and interesting if they could get the comments history of other friends while connecting the photo of Facebook.

Considering the privacy issue, the researcher only added the function of comment, and the link of comment history on social platform could be added later.

Photo unit

3. Upload About uploading photos, participants expressed the hope that the system can quickly selected photos related to that person from album, so the researcher added the facial recognition button, but it required users to choose photos ďŹ ltered by their own.

4. Visual&Text As for the visual aspect, the tester gave positive comments on the interface color matching, font, etc. Some icons and texts were adjusted to convey the right meaning.

Read the Appendix 9 for the content list for each iteration adjustment.

Upload yout

26

Final Design

Final Design

Get motivted

Closer is a cloud-based platform that utilizes online editors, social networking service and Data hosting service to enable Chinese retired professionals to create, co-edit and store their precious memories with different people, in order to give their loved ones a sense of their love and life while passing on these common memories as legacies.

You can go through others comment and others’ stories to get motivated to express their inner thought to their loved one.

Since the previous part has introduced key features and the problems they solved, in order to avoid repetition, the introduction of the final design will be divided into several steps to briefly introduce the key features, the interface and some details of functions. Follow these steps below to get to know more! This is not a test!

1

The introduction of some stories, including friends, their own, hard to say, to infect users to express their emotions.

Think about who you really love or trust?

Intimate social networks

Loved ones list

Closer helps you build intimate social relationships, you can share and add people you really love and trust, where you can really be yourself.

You can also check their shared memory page with this list

Love list

Front page

27

Final Design

2

You have a lot of memories about your loved ones that you want to save this valuable data somewhere safe and private?

Private for your memory

Help you recall

Closer allows users to create multiple spaces for dierent people in their account to store their memories. Each space is designed to store memories related to a 'loved one'.

You can choose the template of the space to determine a way to frame your memories, either a timeline or a map. You can see the history of your relationship development very clearly.

You can move mouse on to check loved ones’ updates on their shared spaces.

You are asked to think about the title of your memory, description content, and its current public status when creating a new space.

User can check the privacy status of this space.

You can scroll up and down to choose which spaces to enter.

User can scroll and change the order of timeline. Each time point corresponds to one of their stories.

Memory page

User page

28

Final Design

3

Now you have a space with your special person and want to upload your data..

Collect all It can connect and obtain information from your different social platforms with the consent.

And it is optional to connect when necessary.

You can edit the page to upload photos or change templates

Upload and Store easily You can upload photos in two ways.

1. Upload photos by editing stories, and the photos will be automatically saved to your file.

2. Upload photos directly to file page, and extract photos from personal library when editing stories.

File page is like a private cloud to display the data you have uploaded in many types.

Memory page-File

Register page-Connet

Story page

You can comment or reply to talk about your memory.

29

Final Design

4

I want to share this space right with that person!

Co-edit and reflect You can recall memories with your loved ones if you're nostalgic.

You can also use this as a mutual repository. When you create new data, you can safely add it here.

5

I don’t want to share this space but give it to that person after I died...

A gift to pass down

Closer provides a function of setting up the heir of the account and memory space where users stored all the memories associated with their loved one. It could be given as a gift to the loved one or as a data legacy.

You must understand the conditions in advance to rise your awareness.

Invited flyout Invite flyout

Some people may feel embarrassed to express themselves in public places, so they can choose not to open all spaces, but free to express their feelings by editing memories themselves.

You are free to decide your own data!

Transmission flyout

If two people secretly create a space for each other, what happens to the data when they share them?

Their data will then be consolidated into a common database.

This also solves the problem that sometimes loved ones have some data that you don't have.

You can also download all the data from your space in advance, which will become a PDF storybook and a data compression package that you can send directly to your loved one.

Video Prototype

Video prototype The three stories of video are based on three scenarios, which successively introduce user journey, corresponding features and visual interaction. The character in video is Doris hand-drawn by the researcher. Video includes the psychological activities of the character and interactive animation of website.

Video with user stories but lower resolution: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jp8We9RngoY&t=25s Video without user story but a higher resolution: https://youtu.be/R-jlIoQu8QQ

30

31

Conclusion

Conclusion Future development:

The researcher hope to increase the function of search engines. After users accumulated a large amount of data, they can directly get the corresponding stories or data by searching for keywords, key pictures or sounds, which will be very interesting and worth expecting.

If it was a long run and the product may be passed on for several generations, the researchers hope that some functions related to family, such as family tree can be added. No matter how far in the future, family is always an important bond.

Also, in the future, there could be more tools to help the site quickly sift through the data they are looking for, whether it's facial recognition, artificial intelligence or some sort of data classification technologies. In terms of data acquisition, the researchers hope that, as participants said in co-design, all the friends' comments of that photo can also be obtained when the photo is taken on social media, which actually represents a story.

Inspirations:

In fact, many people now print and stick their photos into an album as a gift, which is the most common phenomenon among Chinese couples. It shows the development of their relationship. The researcher also found out that some of friends are sharing a blog or an instagram account to store the data of two. In addition to diaries, some people create a separate account for themselves that is not publicly available to everyone. It all represents a kind of demand that Closer is trying to achieve.

Self-reflection:

This is my first time to complete an entire project independently. One design has both advantages and disadvantages. I am a person who likes to discuss with others to get more inspiration and clarify logic. The challenge for me this time is that I need more time to think independently and diverge. Therefore, I think there are many aspects of this project that have not been considered. For example, many functions on the interface are not complete, and the coherence between interfaces is not strong. A person can easily be taken away by his own will and preference when designing.

For example, the user page interface has strong personality, but its usability is not strong. This also taught me how to appreciate other people's works, and I should pay more attention to the reasons behind the design.

Vision:

Instead of death, the researcher hopes users to think about contemporary social situations from a different perspective. Everyone can achieve social freedom, avoid promiscuity or social desert. Cherish the people around, feel who is the one really worth cherishing. (when they recall the data, find a lot of data related to this person, he must be an important one! Or if I receive a gift from him that contains all the memories of him and me, how touching that is.)

Reference

Reference Google (2018) Crazy 8’s Generate as many unique idea as you can, Design.Sprint.Kit. Available at: https://designsprintkit.withgoogle.com/methods/sketch/crazy-8s/ (Accessed: 20 July 2018).

Hanington, B. and Martin, B. (2012) Universal Methods of Design: 100 Ways to Research Complex Problems, Develop Innovative Ideas, and Design Effective Solutions. Rockport Publishers, Osceola.

Christensen, C. M., S. D. Anthony, G. Berstell, and D. Nitterhouse. "Finding the Right Job for Your Product," MIT Sloan Management Review, Spring 2007 2--11.

DeadSocial (2015). Crazy 8’s Generate as many unique idea as you can, Design.Sprint.Kit. [online] Available at: http://deadsocial.org (Accessed: 2015).

Perrin, A. and Anderson, M. (2019). Share of U.S. adults using social media, including Facebook, is mostly unchanged since 2018. [online] Available at:https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/10/share-of-u-s-adults-using-social-media-including-facebook-is-mostly-unchanged-since-2018/ (Accessed: 10 Apr. 2019).

Kumar, V. (2013). 101 Design Methods. [online] Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=zh-CN&lr=&id=WJQmHlsDhQUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=101+design+method+kumar&ots=ivi0c-AN0N&sig=VZaTEvv80k-H2Pga573uiwiEPd8#v=onepage&q=101%20design%20meth od%20kumar&f=false (Accessed: 2013).

Boeters, B., Bläser, C., Brown, M. and Baroud, R. (2018). Data after Death: Shaping Our Human Identity and the Construction of the Self through Our Digital Footprint. [online] Available at:https://mastersofmedia.hum.uva.nl/blog/2018/10/18/data-after-death-shaping-our-human-identity-and-the-construction-of-the-self-through-our-digital-footprint/ (Accessed: 18 Oct. 2018).

HITLIN, P. and RAINIE, L. (2019). Facebook Algorithms and Personal Data. [online] Available at: https://www.pewinternet.org/2019/01/16/facebook-algorithms-and-personal-data/ (Accessed 16 Jan. 2019).

FutureAgenda (2017). Future Value of Data. [online] Available at: https://www.futureagenda.org/news/future-value-of-data (Accessed: 19 Dec. 2017).

32

Reference

Reference FutureAgenda (2017). The Increasing Value of Data. [online] Available at: https://www.futureagenda.org/insight/the-increasing-value-of-data (Accessed: 2019).

FutureAgenda (2017). Changing nature of privacy. [online] Available at: file:///Users/story/Downloads/the_changing_nature_of_privacy.pdf (Accessed: 2019) Anderson, J. AND RAINIE, L. (2018). The Future of Well-Being in a Tech-Saturated World. [online] Available at: https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/04/17/the-future-of-well-being-in-a-tech-saturated-world/ (Accessed: 17 Apr. 2018).

MADDEN, M. (2012). Privacy management on social media sites. [online] Available at: https://www.pewinternet.org/2012/02/24/privacy-management-on-social-media-sites/ (Accessed: 24 Feb. 2012).

LENHART, A. and DUGGAN, M. (2014). Couples, the Internet, and Social Media. [online] Available at: https://www.pewinternet.org/2014/02/11/couples-the-internet-and-social-media/ (Accessed: 11 Feb. 2014).

ANDERSON, M. and Jiang, J. J. (2018). Teens’ Social Media Habits and Experiences. [online] Available at: https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/11/28/teens-social-media-habits-and-experiences/ (Accessed: 28 Nov. 2018).

Hutchinson, A. (2018). Instagram's Added a New Option to Share Stories with Chosen Friends Only. [online] Available at: https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/instagrams-added-a-new-option-to-share-stories-with-chosen-friends-only/543374/ (Accessed: 1 Dec. 2018).

Ware, B. (2012). Top five regrets of the dying. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/feb/01/top-five-regrets-of-the-dying (Accessed: 1 Feb. 2012).

33

Appendix1-Insights &analysis 1.The link to Interim report to check all the insights: https://issuu.com/storysorrystory/docs/yaotong_b816785 2.The link of logbook to check the process of insights analysis: Major Project-insight reďŹ ne https://lunet-my.sharepoint.com/:o:/r/personal/dsyt_lunet_lboro_ac_uk/Documents/Major%20Project?d=wec1e4a327d1d46a38c7a 517ac5c429d7&csf=1&e=w6YnW1

Appendix2-HMWs Insight1.

HMW provide some settled options to store their valuable data?

HMW help to filter and manage the valuable part of their data?

HMW use a guide to filter the data?

HMW reate an enjoyable experience of processing their personal data?

HMW build the awareness of setting data in advance?

HMW emphasis the step of reading policy of setting death account of social media?

HMW make their data on different social media accessible?

HMW provide a service to help users to shape their heritage into the way they want?

HMW make the heritage editable?

Insight2.

HMW make people cherish the people alive?

HMW build the new perspective of death?

HMW create that person by his data online?

HMW provide people a private space to remember and interact with the deceased?

HMW change the experience of emotion catharsis?

HMW transfer people’s memory into digital?

HMW make it more private to get access to the data heritage?

HMW have different content of data shown to different groups of people?

HMW limit the quality and quantity of their data leaving behind?

HMW design for the family?

HMW help people pass on their data?

Appendix3HMW worksheet

Appendix4Fututescan tool Future scan STEP ONE Pick a number from any sector and brainstorm about that future scenario.

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About this tool!

This “future scan” ideation chart was designed to help you to imagine relevant products and services for the world as it might be in the future. Use it for inspiration and ask yourself: “How would we tackle our specific challenge in this future scenario?”

printsize: A1 boardofinnovation.com/tools

Appendix5-Co-design process and questionaire Background introduction: Now that you're both 55 years old, don't doubt that you're both professors in your respective fields, have people you trust and love (let's say you've been together for 20 years now), and have accumulated a lot of data. Now you can create a space for people you love or trust and put all the digital stuff that's relevant to that person.

1.Who would you like to have a private space with which to store your stories and their lives? It's your personal choice. (example: A space with my parents, A space with my lover, A space with my best friend A, A space with my sisters A, c) 2.Now assume that you've both quietly created a space for each other (because the other person is so important to you), and you need to put her data up there.

How would you choose the privacy of this space?

• share the space you've created with each other for co-editing • share it with each other after you've fully established yourself • not sharing at all • other __________________ 3.Now suppose you two choose to edit and store your memories together in the same space. This whiteboard is your common space. You can get all the data, even if it's scattered across mobile or cloud or social apps. The data will be displayed along a single timeline axis. Or you can break the rule the way you want.

The post-it notes you have are personal or public data that you currently have. You need to write the content on sticky notes in a format: "This is a picture of the summer vacation after we graduated from college, because we went to Japan to travel.

This is a voice, and it was comforting when I couldn't find a job because I was so depressed." Each person has three minutes to take turns adding content to it, either as a tree or as an expansion. Each person will add it three times. The process lasts 20 minutes. If you think of what the other person wrote, tick the post-it note.

Some keywords as tips if you don't know what to add.

Chat record, album, douban, map, collection, album, text, WeChat voice, the first quarrel, anniversary, birthday, mutual visit, mutual friends, travel abroad, great things, pain, life history, personality, the first time... Books, objects, movies, growth, etc.

4.Now, I will interview you.

Appendix5-Co-design process and questionaire What I found during the story prototype: 1. about structure of memory: X: I am not that good at remembering time but I may remember some places.

Some places reminded me a lot of memory. Good for who always travel around. Like what we had experienced.

Y: I prefer timeline. It not like exact date or time but the whole process of stories or how it shaping us or how it developed. Like first time I met her, and then, and then. If you think about a person's memory. You will need to think about your history.

2.It is really good to see them talking or laughing about some memory details they have already forgotten, cuz some details is specially remembered by one person so it will be much surprise for them to cherish each other. And they looked satisfied and happy.

So actually they like commenting on the memory. Discussing is really important when building the common memory.

3.The memory are all about some details.

Our first time…(movie?talk?)

How we met Sweet moment doing something for each other Some changing point that worth recording gifts Something good left great impression on us Some angry thing which left great impression Her charming moment Some achievement or crazy thing we did together Some language that only we know

4.many memory that is actually tricky like Weibo account or an audio recording.

5.I will put some filtered thing from different influencing people and photos in my private page.

6. I would not like to put some personal sentences on that place. I will feel less trusty.

7.if this platform is trustworthy, like icloud need to pay for storage… if it makes me feel it will exist forever, it is good to use, especially for old friends who have history and every moment is actually worth recording.

Like frequently, like someone who is actively suing social media and taking photos, when he sharing his space with me, it actually motivated me to do it and make me feel self-valued.

At same time ,during discussing ,it Helps you to emphasis your memory.

And it is like bond your relationship, to tell you guys your history like f to tell you 4years ago to remind you it's time to stay connect with your old friends.

8.when creating two spaces isolated and sharing with each other with consent they can combine together and the data will be shared. Or one create one space and others one will be invited to join the space.

9.what emotion do you want to express?

Maybe some negative emotion or moment so that could learn a lesson from. Which is actually what they are keeping complaining about OR annoying about. And it also gives ppl some achievements that they have gone through and grown.

Appendix6-Paper screens Please refer to logbook-prototype-wireframe to see more wireframe sketching.

Appendix7-Lo-fi interview questions Please refer to logbook-iteration to see more Lo-ďŹ testing result.

Do you have any suggestions for the website?

Did you have any problems completing the task?

What impressed you most?

Do you think this site is easy or complex?

What do you think of the various features of the site?

Do you think most people will learn to use the site quickly?

Do you think this site is easy to use?

Will you use the site later?

Appendix8-Lo-fi pages Register page1

Register page2

Register page3

Register page4

Register page3

Appendix8-Lo-fi pages Invite flyout

Invited flyout

Choose files

Invited head

Invited head

Invited head

Appendix9-Hi-fi Iterations Iteration1 adjustment: 1. Add button to ajust the time order of the timeline 2. Leave a comment below, or thumb up.

3. Change the Shared button and change the state after sharing.

4. Hint text: this is your common text.

5. Show Mona's dynamics directly on the page, not just on the user page.

6. The completed button moves to the top right 7. Change the location of the edit toolbar 8. Remove the caption from the registration information section

Iteration2 adjustment: 1. Add "here is the entry point for uploading photos" 2. Add the word "save" to tell them to save the edit 3. Add the caption "you will not receive AD mail" 4. Security code changed to security password 5. Make connect social media optional 6.Face recognition to quickly ďŹ nd photos to upload 7. Share button text changed to invite, position changed to left 8. The insert - the upload 9. Pass down from text to icon 10. Redesign the user page interface

Appendix10-Information consent forms