Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management vol 3 issue 3

ISO: 9001Certified

STM Journals

ISSN 2349-4336 (Online)

Empowering knowledge

Free Online Registration

22

/

Ch

Energy /

conducted

/

/ Instrumentation /Science

Water Resource Engineering & Management (JoWREM)

September December 2016

JOURNALS STM STM JOURNALS Scientific Scientific TechnicalTechnical MedicalMedical

www.stmjournals.com www.stmjournals.com

STM Journals STM Journals, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private Ltd. (established 2006), was launched in the year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory Board Members from renowned institutes.

Objectives: 

Promotion of Scientific, Technical and Medical research.



Publication of Original Research/Review, Short Articles and Case Studies through Peer Review process.



Publishing Special Issues on Conferences.



Preparing online platform for print journals.



Empowering the libraries with online and print Journals in Scientific, Technical and Medical domains.



Publishing and distribution of books on various subjects in the category of Nanotechnology, Scientific and Technical Writing, and Environment, Health and Safety.

Salient Features: 

A bouquet of 100+ Journals that fall under Science, Technical and Medical domains.



Employs Open Journals System (OJS)—a journal management and publishing system.



The first and one of the fastest growing publication website in India as well as in abroad for its quality and coverage.



Rapid online submission and publication of papers, soon after their formal acceptance/finalization.



Facilitates linking with the other authors or professionals.



Worldwide circulation and visibility.

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336(online)

Focus and Scope Covers 

Geographical Management system



Meteorology & Geology



Water Resource system Analysis



Groundwater modeling & management



Geographical information systems



Water supply and hydrological modeling



Computational river hydraulics

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management is published (frequency: three times a year) in India by STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. Pvt.) The views expressed in the articles do not necessarily reflect of the Publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any from without written permission of the publisher.

To cite any of the material contained in this Journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact STM Journals (info@stmjournals.com)

STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. ) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journal.

Statements and opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the author(s) and are not the opinion of STM Journals unless so stated.

Subscription Information and Order:  National Subscription: Print - Rs 3750/- per Journal ( includes 3 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase: Rs 1500. Online - Rs 3750/- per Journal inclusive Service Tax ( includes 3 online issues), Single Issue purchase: Rs 1500

inclusive Service Tax Print + Online - Rs 5000/- per Journal inclusive Service Tax ( includes 3 print & online issues).  International Subscription:  Online Only- $199, Print Only-$299 (includes 3 print issues)  Online + Print-$399 (includes 3 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at info@stmjournals.com Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside of India includes delivery. Prices subject to change without notice.

Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Consortium E-Learning Network. Pvt. ltd., payable at Delhi/New Delhi.

Online Access Policy A). For Authors: In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, STM Journals also have Open Access Policy, authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as follows India, SARC and African Countries: INR 2500 or 100 USD including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

B). For Subscribers:  Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of

correct information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber.  The access will be blocked:  If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking.  Due to technical issue.  Misuse of the access rights as per the access policy.

Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: STM Journals with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc. These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very welcome.

Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues:  Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the

next issue as per the frequency.  Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will

be entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends.  Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored.  Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to STM Journals at least 2 months prior to the dispatch

schedule as per the frequency by mentioning subscriber id and the subscription id.  Refund requests will not be entertained.

Legal Disputes All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only. If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team: info@stmjournals.com; Tel : +91 0120-4781211.

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Director

Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra Managing Director CELNET, Delhi, India

Internal Members Gargi Asha Jha Manager (Publications)

Quaisher J Hossain Senior Editor Senior Associate Editors

Himani Pandey Isha Chandra

Meenakshi Tripathi Shivani Sharma

Associate Editors Shambhavi Mishra

Sugandha Mishra

External Members Bimlesh Lochab Assistant Professor Department of Chemistry School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. Rajiv Prakash Professor and Coordinator School of Materials Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi Uttar Pradesh, India

Prof. S. Ramaprabhu Alternative Energy and Nanotechnology Technology Laboratory, Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Khaiser Nikam Professor, Library and Information Science Department of Library and Information Science University of Mysore Mysore, India

Dr. Yog Raj Sood Dean (Planning and Development) Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur Himachal Pradesh, India

Prof. Chris Cannings Professor, School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sheffield, Sheffield United Kingdom

Dr. Rakesh Kumar Assistant Professor Department of Applied Chemistry BIT Mesra, Patna, Bihar, India

Dr. Durgadas Naik Associate Professor (Microbiology) Management and Science University, University Drive, Seksyen13 Selangor, Malaysia

Prof. José María Luna Ariza Department of Computer Sciences and Numerical Analysis Campus of Rabanales University of Córdoba, Spain

Dr. D. K. Vijaykumar MS, MCh (Surgical Oncology), Professor and Head Department of Surgical Oncology Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Ponekkara, Cochin, Kerala, India

STM JOURNALS

ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Baldev Raj

Dr. Hardev Singh Virk

Director, National Institute of Advanced Studies Indian Institute of Science campus Bangalore Karnataka, India Former Director Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India

Visiting Professor, Department of Physics University of SGGS World University Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India Former Director Research DAV Institute of Engineering and Technology Jallandhar, India

Dr. Bankim Chandra Ray Professor and Ex-Head of the Department Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Odisha, India

Prof. D. N. Rao Professor and Head Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India

Dr. Pankaj Poddar

Dr. Nandini Chatterjee Singh

Senior Scientist Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory Pune, Maharastra India

Additional Professor National Brain Research Centre Manesar, Gurgaon Haryana, India

Prof. Priyavrat Thareja

Dr. Ashish Runthala

Director Principal Rayat Institute of Engineering and Information Technology Punjab, India

Lecturer, Biological Sciences Group Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Rajasthan, India

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan Dhoot

Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao Ghugal

Senior Research Scientist, Reliance Industries Limited, Mumbai, India Former Head (Research and Development) Nurture Earth R&D Pvt Ltd., MIT Campus Beed Bypass Road, Aurangabad Maharashtra, India

Professor and Head Department of Applied Mechanics Government College of Engineering Vidyanagar, Karad Maharashtra, India

STM JOURNALS

ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Baskar Kaliyamoorthy

Dr. Shankargouda Patil

Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology, Trichy Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Assistant Professor Department of Oral Pathology KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Prof. Subash Chandra Mishra

Prof. Sundara Ramaprabhu

Professor Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Odisha, India

Professor Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai, Tamil Nadu India

Dr. Rakesh Kumar Assistant Professor Department of Applied Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India

Editorial Board

Dr.Ajaykumar Ramdas Kambekar

Dr. Arindam Sarkar

Faculty,Department of Civil Engineering Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Bhavan's Campus, Munshi Nagar, Andheri, Mumbai, India.

Assistant Professor, School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.

Dr. Chander Kumar Singh Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources,TERI University, India.

Dr. Dalchand Jhariya Assistant Professor,National Institute of Technology ,Raipur, India.

Dr. Erfan Mondal,

Mr. Gobinath Ravindran

Professor, Department of Geology, AMU, Aligarh, India.

Assistant Professor ,Department of Civil engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam, Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India.

Mr. Ishtiyaq Ahmad

Dr. Javed Alam

Assistant Professor,Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology , Raipur, India.

Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department,A.M.U, Aligarh, India.

Dr. Jyoti Sarup

Dr. K. S Kasiviswanathan

Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal, India.

Assistant Professor (SG) Department of Civil Engineering, India.

Dr. Kanhu Charan Patra

Dr. M. Mizanur Rahaman

Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Former Head and Dean (AR), National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India.

Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering University of Asia Pacific House- 8/A, Road - 7 Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1209 Bangladesh.

Editorial Board

Dr. N. Vishwakarma

Dr. Pabitra Ranjan Maiti

Assistant Professor, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), India.

Dr. Prosenjit Ghosh Assistant Professor,Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

Prof. Quamrul Hassan Prof. Quamrul Hassan, Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Technology Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.

Dr. Rajesh Gupta

Dr. Ramesh H Gowda

Professor, Civil Engineering, VNIT Nagpur.

Water Resources Engineering Specialist, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Suratkhal, India.

Dr. Saravanan Subbarayan Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology , Tiruchirappalli, India.

Dr. Shamsuddin Shahid Associate Professor ,Department of Hydraulics and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Johor, Malaysia.

Dr. Syed Zaheer Hasan

Dr. Jagadeesha

Scientist-G,Petroleum Research Wing, Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute, PDPU Campus, Raisan,Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.

Associate Professor, Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, India.

Dr. Ali Mohammad Kimiagari

Dr. Susama Sudhishri

Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran.

Senior Scientist Water Technology Center IARI, Pusa, New Delhi, India.

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

It is my privilege to present the print version of the [Volume 3 Issue 3] of our Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management, 2016. The intension of JoWREM is to create an atmosphere that stimulates vision, research and growth in the area of Water Resource Engineering and Management.

Timely publication, honest communication, comprehensive editing and trust with authors and readers have been the hallmark of our journals. STM Journals provide a platform for scholarly research articles to be published in journals of international standards. STM journals strive to publish quality paper in record time, making it a leader in service and business offerings.

The aim and scope of STM Journals is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in all the Science, Technology and Medical domains.

Finally, I express my sincere gratitude to our Editorial/ Reviewer board, Authors and publication team for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.

I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Managing Director STM Journals

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management.

Contents

1. Groundwater Resources and its Development through Artificial Recharge in Mehsana District of Gujarat State, India Yogesh S. Patel, G.P. Vadodaria

1

2. An Assessment of CartoDEM v1 over National Capital Region of India Farhat Rafiq, Sirajuddin Ahmed, Shamshad Ahmad

11

3. Analysis of Groundwater Quality Parameters of Part of Nanded City, Maharashtra State (India) J.V. Khanapurkar, R.A. Suryawanshi

38

4. Experimental Investigation of Influence of Key-shape Variation on Discharge Capacity of Piano Key Weir Vinodray D. Ujeniya, Kautilya G. Mehta, Mohmood Khan

44

5. Rainfall Runoff Modeling Using SCS-CN Method: A GIS Based Case Study of Pawana Watershed A. S. Ghate, V. Sivakumar, Kunal More, Vipul V. Pawar

50

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Groundwater Resources and its Development through Artificial Recharge in Mehsana District of Gujarat State, India Yogesh S. Patel1,*, G.P. Vadodaria2 1

Department of Civil Engineering, Sankalchand Patel College of Engineering, Visnagar, Gujarat, India 2 Principal, Lalbhai Dalpatbhai College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Abstract Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources and supports human health, economic development and ecological diversity. Timely and reliable information on occurrence, movement and deterioration of groundwater is a pre-requisite for demanded water quantity with satisfying quality. Artificial groundwater recharge plays a vital role in sustainable management of groundwater resources. The study area has been facing severe water scarcity due to scanty precipitation and intensive agriculture during the last few years.

The present study was carried out to assess groundwater resources and its development through artificial recharge in Mehsana district of Gujarat state. The result shows that the stage of groundwater development is more than 100%, so groundwater falls under over exploited category. An attempt is made to identify the artificial groundwater recharge sites using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. As per the available details pertaining to recharge structures, total 2708 structures are already in existing conditions to augment 228.46 Mm3/year water to the aquifer, while 224 suitable sites are identified through which rest 9.54 Mm3/year surface water can be recharged. The results of the study can be used to formulate an efficient groundwater management plan for sustainable utilization of limited groundwater resources.

Keywords: Groundwater resources, artificial recharge, geographical information systems, remote sensing, recharge sites

INTRODUCTION In many parts of the Mehsana district, groundwater development has already reached a critical stage, resulting in acute scarcity of the resource. Overdevelopment of the groundwater resources results in declining groundwater levels, shortage in water supply, intrusion of saline water in coastal areas and increased pumping lifts necessitating deepening of groundwater abstraction structures [1]. Recharge is very complex and slow process and is unable to keep pace with the excessive and continued exploitation of groundwater resources. This has resulted in depletion of groundwater resources in the area.

The surface water resources of the district are very limited. Groundwater is the main source of irrigation, about 93% of the area is irrigated by groundwater [2]. A systematic planning of

groundwater development using modern techniques is essential for the proper utilization and management of this precious groundwater resource. Artificial recharge aims at augmenting the natural replenishment of groundwater storage by some method of construction, spreading of water, or by artificially changing natural conditions. It is useful for reducing overdraft, conserving surface runoff, and increasing available groundwater supplies. As groundwater is dynamic and interdisciplinary in nature, an integrated approach of remote sensing and GIS technique is very useful in various groundwater management studies. Remote sensing provides diverse datasets over a large inaccessible area that can be efficiently handled and analyzed in a GIS framework [3].

North Gujarat is naturally endowed with one

JoWREM (2016) 1-10 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved

Page 1

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

An Assessment of CartoDEM v1 over National Capital Region of India Farhat Rafiq, Sirajuddin Ahmed, Shamshad Ahmad Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India

Abstract The most reliable and common source of elevation information for a given region has always been topo-sheet maps. However, other sources of elevation are now freely available with the advancement in the technology. SRTM DEM and ASTER DEM are the best examples of such freely available elevation sources. Still there is constantly a demand of better elevation data among the users. Recently, National Remote Sensing Center, India released CartoDEM v1. It is freely available with a horizontal resolution of 30 m and covers pan India. It is always challenging to ascertain the quality and accuracy of freely available DEMs. This paper, over National Capital Region (NCR) of India, assesses the quality of the CartoDEM v1 using 127 surveyed spot-heights and bench-marks captured from 1:50,000 scale SOI topo-sheet maps and carries out a comparison with SRTM DEM v4 and ASTER DEM v2. It is demonstrated that mean error is 1.34 m and absolute RMSE of CartoDEM is 2.83 m. The relative RMSE with SRTM DEM is 2.77 m and ASTERDEM, is 3.34 m. The trend of hydrological sinks in CartoDEM is similar to SRTM DEM and ASTERDEM. The drainage network delineated shows better match with channels in actual on ground and catchment divides are clearly demarcated by CartoDEM. The achieved results develop confidence in the quality of CartoDEM over NCR in India and opens alternatives to use CartoDEM over publicly available SRTM DEM and ASTER DEM. Also, it opens avenues for research either on version 1 or on other versions of CartoDEM for its better usability over Indian region.

Keywords: CartoDEM v1, NCR in India, SRTM DEM and ASTER DEM

INTRODUCTION A digital elevation model (DEM) is a digital 3D representation of a terrain surface [1]. It is represented as a mesh of squares (raster or grid) or as a vector-based triangular irregular network (TIN). The DEM can be divided into digital surface model (DSM) and digital terrain model (DTM). The DSM contains heights of artifacts, infrastructure and vegetation whereas DTM contains only bare earth elevation [2]. The DEM could be generated through different techniques such as lidar, photogrammetry, land surveying, etc.

[3]. A DSM may be useful for landscape modeling, city modeling and visualization applications [4–6] while a DTM is required for flood or drainage modeling, land-use studies, geological applications, and similar other applications [7].

The conventional method of developing the elevation data through contour and surveyed spot-heights is quite lengthy and tedious.

These maps need utmost care in scanning and geo-referencing along with digitization of the contours and capturing the bench-marks require good amount of the precision.

SRTM DEM Version 4 The SRTM elevation data (DEM) resulted from a collaborative effort led by the national aeronautics and space administration (NASA) and the national geospatial-intelligence agency (NGA), as well as the participation of the German and Italian space agencies, to generate a near-global DEM of the earth using radar interferometry.

The SRTM DEM covers almost exactly 80% of Earth’s total landmass [8, 9]. The SRTM DEMs, at many places, have ‘no-data’ gaps where there are water bodies and huge shadows; due to which its implementation is critically restricted in many domains, for example, hydrological modeling [10]. Though due to its widespread spatial coverage, SRTM

JoWREM (2016) 11-37 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved

Page 11

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Analysis of Groundwater Quality Parameters of Part of Nanded City, Maharashtra State (India) J.V. Khanapurkar1,*, R.A. Suryawanshi2 1

Department of Geology, Gopal Krishna Gokhale College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Geology, Y.C. College of Science, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India

Abstract In Nanded township, generally the water is drawn from the shallow aquifers. As the soil thickness is more and because of its permeable and porous nature, the effluent water percolates into the ground and contaminates the groundwater. In this assessment, the physicochemical parameters like pH, calcium, chloride, alkalinity, total hardness, and salinity are determined by following the standard procedures given by Trivedi and Goel (1986). The sources of these contaminants are the industries, septic tank disposal, agricultural effluents, waste disposals, etc.

Keywords: Aquifers, effluents, contaminants, physicochemical parameters

INTRODUCTION Groundwater pollution may be defined as the artificial induced degradation of natural groundwater quality. Pollution can impair the use of water and can create hazards to public health through toxicity or through spreading of diseases. Most pollution originates from the disposal of wastewater following the use of water for any of the wide variety of purposes.

Thus, a large number of sources and causes can modify from groundwater quality, ranging from drainage system, septic tank, agriculture discharges of water in excess amount. In contact with surface water pollution, subsurface water also gets polluted. With growing importance of groundwater resources, efforts are increasing to prevent, reduce and removal of groundwater pollution [1, 2].

The possible pollutants in groundwater are virtually limitless. The sources and causes of groundwater pollution are closely associated with human use of water. The principle sources come under four categories, i.e., municipal, industrial, agricultural and miscellaneous [1]. But the disposal of refuse (domestic and industrial solid waste) is the major source for the groundwater pollution as well as a major environmental problem [1–3].

In this part of Nanded township, the groundwater is contaminated mostly due to

excessive discharge and there is no artificial resource to recharge the groundwater.

STUDY AREA Nanded district in between 18º15ʹN to 19º55ʹN latitude and 77º7ʹE to 78º15ʹE longitude, covering an area of about 10,502 km2 (Figure 1). As this area is too vast, the study area is restricted to part of Nanded city only, which constitutes the area from railway line southwards to the main Godavari bridge between the main through fares (Figure 2), i.e. the railway over bridge (Shivaji Nagar) to watch tower chowk and railway station to main gurudwara road to watch tower chowk.

The area is approximately 3000250 m in size.

This part of the city is considered to be having higher population density and maximum flooding problems.

METHODOLOGY During the field survey, 20 bore wells with sufficient discharge were identified for a detailed study. Water samples were collected from these 20 bore wells (Figure 2, locations 1 to 20) during post monsoon (November, 1998) season. The bore-wells from which samples have been collected, were being extensively used for drinking and other domestic purposes.

The water samples were analyzed for the physicochemical parameters as per the

JoWREM (2016) 38-43 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved

Page 38

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Experimental Investigation of Influence of Key-shape Variation on Discharge Capacity of Piano Key Weir Vinodray D. Ujeniya1,*, Kautilya G. Mehta2, Mohmood Khan3 1

School of Engineering, RK University, Rajkot-Bhavnagar, Highway, Rajkot, Gujarat, India 2 Merchant Engineering College, Basana, Vishnagar, Gujarat, India 3 Gujarat Engineering Research Institute, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Abstract The piano key weir is a nonlinear free flow type weir with small foundation width. There are many geometrical parameters which influence the discharge capacity of the piano key weir.

As in Labyrinth weir, the piano key weir is zigzagged in a plan to increase the crest length.

Overhanging on both sides reduces the foundation width of such weir. To investigate the effects of key-shape variation of piano key weirs on flow capacity of piano key weir, laboratory experiments were performed on the models in the laboratory. Each model was tested at various discharges, flow depths were measured on the upstream and downstream side for the purpose. Experimental results depict the influence of the crest length magnification ratio and key width ratio of the discharge capacity.

Keywords: Piano key weir, Crest length magnification ratio, Key width ratio

INTRODUCTION The ground surface water is normally collected by the reservoir of dams. The performance is influenced by two major problems: The first, day to day decreasing storage capacity of the dam due to gradual increase of silting and the second, referred to risk of inadequacy of the flow capacity of the spillway. The details regarding the occurrence of a failure of the dams showed that nearly one third of the total numbers of failure of the dam are due to the insufficient discharge capacity of the spillway.

Many existing spillways are presently undersized and required rectification. For the weir, head-discharge relationship, Eq. (1), the discharge capacity of weir (Q) influenced by water head on crest and the weir length.

Where, Q = Cd

2 3

3

2g L Ht 2

(1)

Cd is the discharge coefficient, g is the gravitational constant, L is the crest length and Ht is the total head (Piezometric head (H) plus velocity head (V2/2g)) measured on the weir crest. Normally, there are two options for increasing the discharge capacity of a nongated weir spillway when restricted by a maximum pool elevation; 1. Lengthening the spillway width,

2. Reducing the crest elevation of the spillway.

Taking into consideration the dam geometry and economic point of view, increase in length of the spillway is not a pragmatic resolution.

Besides lowering the crest elevation decreases the storage capacity of the dam, which is infeasible.

In general, the nonlinear weir represents the most viable option. In recent times, the piano key weir is a newly developed option to linear weir designs [1]. The piano key weir has been studied and tested for the last five years by a no-profit Association Hydrocoop with a view to avoid the above drawbacks [2]. HydrocoopFrance in association with the Laboratory Hydraulic Developments and Environment of the University of Biskra (Algeria) developed a new shape of nonlinear weir, piano key weir [3].

This innovative type of weir has the benefit that it is used for existing as well as new dams.

Its construction is simple, easy and can be carried out by local resources available in country [4]. The piano key weir will minimize

JoWREM (2016) 44-49 Š STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved

Page 44

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Rainfall Runoff Modeling Using SCS-CN Method: A GIS Based Case Study of Pawana Watershed A.S. Ghate1,*, V. Sivakumar2, Kunal More3, Vipul V. Pawar3 1

Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India Centre for Development and Advanced Computing, Pune, Maharashtra, India 3 Civil Engineering, Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India 2

Abstract In a country over 125 million, we are proudly an agricultural based economy, wherein 51% of population is indulged in any business related to somehow with agriculture. Of course, we still are in a developing stage as far as methodologies or their implementation is concerned.

But surely somewhere we have started focusing on modern techniques and strategies to improve pattern, productivity, profit and all. The two vital natural resources required for the agricultural production of any country are soil and water. The net productivity of crops depends on the proper management and utilization of these natural resources. To overcome the water related problems, extensive care should be given to the operation and management of reservoirs and watersheds. Hydrological modelling is a commonly used tool to estimate the basin’s hydrological response to precipitation. It allows to predict the hydrologic response to various watershed management practices and to have a better understanding of the impacts of these practices. This paper highlights a study of lake involving computation of runoff maps and there curve numbers. The selected watershed is been observed for the runoff pattern and the rainfall variations throughout the season. It revealed that, urbanization has led to increase in surface runoff, where as there is decrease in infiltration. This results in increase of surface runoff and contributes more to the natural streams. As a result, the discharge and the surface area of the river increased. These discussed changes seriously lead to water management issues.

Keywords: Rainfall, Runoff, SCS-CN, GIS, Hydrology

INTRODUCTION Hydrology means the science of water. It is the science that deals with the occurrence, circulation and distribution of water of the earth and the earth’s atmosphere. The word ‘Hydrology’ has been derived from two Greek words ‘Hydro’, i.e., water and ‘logos’, i.e., science. It can be defined as “A science which deals with the properties, distribution and circulation of water on the surface of the land, in the soil, in the underlying rocks and also in the atmosphere mainly in the form of moisture or water atmosphere mainly in the form of water vapour and in the form of water droplets during rainfall or in the solid form of snow particles during snowfalls [1].”

Urbanization leads to change in land use. It decreases vegetation and increases concretization. Rain water runoff increases due to concretization. This changes the waterdrainage patterns and rainfall-runoff pattern.

This eventually results in rise of water management issues in a long period of time [2].

GIS is a computer based system used to capture, store, analyse, update and display data. GIS handle mainly two classes of data which are spatial data, identifying the location and topography of map and attribute data, identifying the characteristics of these feature [3].

CASE STUDY Study area is a part of Watershed. The major water body in this watershed is Pawana Lake.

Pawana Lake is essentially an artificial lake brought into existence due to the Pawana dam.

Pawana River originates from the Western Ghats. The river is reported to be severely populated, causing the civic activists to blame the governing body for not taking appropriate steps to limit the degradation.

JoWREM (2016) 50-58 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved

Page 50

ISO: 9001Certified

STM Journals

ISSN 2349-4336 (Online)

Empowering knowledge

Free Online Registration

22

/

Ch

Energy /

conducted

/

/ Instrumentation /Science

Water Resource Engineering & Management (JoWREM)

September December 2016

JOURNALS STM STM JOURNALS Scientific Scientific TechnicalTechnical MedicalMedical

www.stmjournals.com www.stmjournals.com