Journal of Network Security vol 4 issue 3

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Journal of Network Security

Contents

1. Mobile Ad Hoc Network Gray Hole and Black Hole Attack Detection and Defences: Review Ashish Jain, Shashank Gahoi

1

2. Selfish Node Detection in Opportunistic Networks Vikram, Sandeep Kumar

7

3. Examining the Effects of MIST in RSA and CRT-RSA to Resist Power Analysis Attacks Ajoy Kumar Khan, Hridoy Jyoti Mahanta

11

4. An Innovative Methodology to Detect and Prevent Black Hole Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks Avneet Kaur, Mandeep Kaur

23

5. Design and Performance Comparison of Secure Routing Protocol in Integrated UMTS and WLAN Ad Hoc Networks Shashank Tripathi, A.K. Jain

28

6. Secure and Parallel Access Mechanism for Network File System Raju Dara, T. Sowjanya

42

7. Vulnerability Assessment and Management Using Qualys Guard Shashank Gahoi, Ashish Jain

49

Journal of Network Security

ISSN: 2395-6739(online), ISSN: 2321-8517(print) Volume 4, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Mobile Ad Hoc Network Gray Hole and Black Hole Attack Detection and Defences: Review Ashish Jain1, Shashank Gahoi2,*

1

Department of Computer Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India 2 Department of Information Technology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure less dynamic network which is created on demand. MANET is an assembly of mobile nodes which is a temporary network. Mobile nodes frequently come and go out of the network. Because of self-motivated or mobility in nature, nodes are very important factor for the security perspective. In this paper, a review on a various type of network attacks, such as black hole attack, gray hole attack, worm hole attack an many other attacks, which are most dangerous threats for MANET. In this paper, we have presented a review on eliminating and defensive techniques for such kind of attacks in the MANET. Keywords: Mobile ad hoc network (MANET), gray hole attack , black hole attack, AODV (ad hoc on demand distance vector) routing protocol

INTRODUCTION

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is distinguishable from the cellular network (Figure 1). Since it is not depended on infrastructure and it is not static network. It is a gathering of autonomous hubs that speak with one another through radio waves. Ad hoc network system needs a particular security system but there is no single approach as the nodes can be any device. Each node in the network behaves like a station or router.

Nodes can communicate directly to other node if they are in the radio coverage range of each other otherwise uses the multihop concept.

Each node participates in the routing and the performance depends upon the cooperation between the mobile nodes [1].

been done to provide security to the routing but none of them provides the security at a good level. So, these protocols are more concerned of being attacked by various kind of network attack.

Malicious selfish nodes affect the mobile ad hoc network. There are some dangerous kind of attack such as DOS (denial of service) attack, gray hole (selective forwarding) attack, black hole (packet dropping) attack, worm hole attack, flooding (RERP) attack, Byzantine attack, Sybil attack, etc. MANET has disadvantages also, such as dynamic changing topologies, limited battery power and limited bandwidth. So, these make the routing more difficult in MANET. In this paper, we have deliberated common network attacks such as black hole attack, gray hole attack in mobile ad hoc network and given a countermeasures and techniques to detect and prevent these kind of attack [2]. This paper is arranged as the gray hole and black hole attack is explained in the upcoming heading, and the defences along with techniques to prevent these attacks is discussed later in the paper.

Fig. 1: Mobile Ad hoc Network.

Routing has been more critical part of this network. Sophisticated amount of work has

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Journal of Network Security

ISSN: 2395-6739(online), ISSN: 2321-8517(print) Volume 4, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Selfish Node Detection in Opportunistic Networks Vikram, Sandeep Kumar

Department of Computer Science, Ganpati Institute of Technology and Management, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

Abstract In recent years, Opportunistic Networks (OPPNET) are grown at very fast rate. These networks are designed for the areas in which no end-to-end connectivity is available for communication. OPPNET works on the principle of store carry and forward mechanism.

Transmission of messages takes place through intermediate nodes in OPPNET. It means that OPPNET depends on intermediate nodes. If any intermediate nod behaves maliciously then data transmission may cause. This paper presents selfish node attack and impact of this attack. Next, we discussed various existing techniques that are designed to deal with selfish node.

Keywords: OPPNET (Opportunistic Networks), Selfish node, Selfishness, Reputation and Credit

INTRODUCTION

Opportunistic Networks (OPPNET) is an intermittently linked Network where the endto-end ways may not exist and correspondence routes might just be accessible through time and versatility. Because of absence of reliable availability, OPPNET uses store carry and forward mechanism, i.e., in the wake of accepting a few bundles, a node carried them until it contacts another node and afterward advances the messages. Since OPPNET routing depends on portable nodes to forward bundles for one another, the directing execution (e.g., the quantity of messages conveyed to their destinations) relies on upon whether the nodes interact with one another or not [1]. If these intermediate nodes behave maliciously then security of network may be caused by malicious node. There are number of malicious attacks occurred in network it may be black hole attack worm hole attack and selfish node attack.

In this paper, we only deal with selfish node attack. Selfish nodes are nodes whose aim is to drop every packets received from neighbour node because to send their packets they consumed there battery and to save their energy they drops the packets. Node selfishness may be called when a node does not perform its required task. Selfishness may be of two types.

In first type, selfish node cannot forward the packet and store packet into its own buffer. In second type, selfish node drops all the packets received from previous nodes.

A selfish node may become selfish because of strategic conditions of network, limited storage space and limited battery life [2].

Types of Selfishness Social Selfishness: In social selfishness, nodes forward the packets of those nodes having good interaction with each other. We can say that a group of nodes known each other can communicate and transmit messages within their particular group.

Individual Selfishness: In individual selfishness nodes cannot send packet to any node except its own packets [3, 4]. The Classification of Selfish Behavior is given in Figure 1.

Non-forwarding of messages and dropping of messages: Non-forwarding of messages means that a selfish nodes that refuses to transmit messages are come in the category of nonforwarding of messages. Dropping of messages means nodes drops the messages after receiving messages from previous nodes [4].

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Journal of Network Security

ISSN: 2395-6739(online), ISSN: 2321-8517(print) Volume 4, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Examining the Effects of MIST in RSA and CRT-RSA to Resist Power Analysis Attacks Ajoy Kumar Khan,* Hridoy Jyoti Mahanta Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India Abstract The need of security has turned into a vital area of research in domain of computer science.

The evolution of side channel attacks has challenged the vulnerability of almost all the symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic techniques available worldwide. This has raised the urgency in designing mitigation techniques against such volatile attacks. Power analysis attacks, which is the most popular side channel attacks has proved to be a challenge for most of the common cryptosystems like AES, DES, RSA, ECC, etc. MIST is an algorithm which was designed for computing exponentiation. As the most important operation of RSA is the modular exponentiation for encryption and decryption, MIST can play an important role in designing modified RSA to resist power analysis attacks. We have extended our work CRTRSA, which is more widely used in computation. The analysis results shows that modified RSA can perform better in computing RSA specially when CRT is has been used.

Keywords: Power analysis attacks, cryptosystems, RSA, RSA-CRT, MIST, performance

INTRODUCTION

Security has been the most important component in technological scenario as it is responsible for securing all information passed through networked computers. Cryptographic algorithm has been widely used in network computers for secure transactions of secret information. But despite of these various security schemes provided by different cryptosystems, attackers have been successful to find a loophole to break the security of these systems. Side-channel attacks (SCA) are closely related to the existence of physically observable phenomenon caused by the execution of computing tasks in present microelectronic devices. Side channel attacks are those attacks that are based on Side Channel Information.

Side channel information is that information that can be retrieved from the microelectronic devices without any temperament in the device.

Presently the Cryptographic devices are under the potential threat of side channel attacks.

Side channel attacks are powerful methods to recover sensitive data of cryptographic devices. In cryptography, a side-channel attack is a kind of attack that based on information gained from the physical implementation of a cryptosystem, rather than brute force or

theoretical weaknesses in the algorithms. For example, timing information, power consumption, electromagnetic leaks or even sound can provide an extra-source of information, which can be exploited to break the system some side channel attacks require technical knowledge of the internal operation of the system. Attackers use some or all of these side channel information along with other cryptanalytic techniques to reveal the secret key that using by the device. Side channel analysis techniques are of high concern because these attacks can be mounted quickly.

Power analysis attacks have been demonstrated as one of the most powerful attacks for most straightforward implementation of symmetric and asymmetric cipher. Power analysis attacks are based on the analysis of power consumption of a cryptographic device.

Execution of cryptographic algorithms consumes power, these power consumption acts as side channel information. Power consumption of a device depends on data it processes and operations it performs. Cryptographic algorithms such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Data Encryption Standard (DES), Rivest-ShamirAdleman (RSA), etc. are implemented in

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Journal of Network Security

ISSN: 2395-6739(online), ISSN: 2321-8517(print) Volume 4, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

An Innovative Methodology to Detect and Prevent Black Hole Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks Avneet Kaur*, Mandeep Kaur

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Punjab, India

Abstract Due to the particular characteristics, wireless sensor network (WSN) is severely unsafe and are receptive malicious attacks. One amongst the foremost malicious threats to WSN is within the sort of part attack that focuses on the routing protocols. This genre of attacks will have an awfully serious impact on ranked routing protocols. A range of security solutions is place forth to safeguard WSNs from part attacks. However, a majority of the solutions are cumbersome and vitality inefficient. During this paper, an jury-rigged classified energy efficient black hole detection & interference model is planned to guard device network from part attacks. Our planned approach is straightforward and relies on reserve path choice between device node and base station. The results show that our planned algorithmic program is effective in detection and preventing with efficiency the part attacks.

Keywords: WSN, black hole attack, networking, attack detection, routing

INTRODUCTION

In latest analysis on wireless sensor network (WSN), the researchers arrange to conclude and overcome limitations of the wireless device networks such as restricted energy resources, varied energy consumption supported location, high value of transmission, and restricted process capabilities. All of those characteristics of wireless device networks area unit complete opposites of their wired network counterparts, within which energy consumption is not a problem, transmission value is comparatively low cost, and therefore the network nodes have lots of process capabilities [1]. Routing approaches that have worked thus well in ancient networks for over twenty years would not do for this new generation of networks. Besides increasing the time period of the device nodes, it is preferred to distribute the energy dissipated throughout the wireless device network so as to attenuate maintenance and maximize overall system performance. Any communication protocol that involves synchronization between peer nodes incurs some overhead of fixing the communication.

WSN routing or agglomeration protocols confirm whether or not the advantages of additional complicated routing algorithms overshadow the additional management messages every node must

communicate. Every node may create the foremost hip to call concerning its communication choices if they had complete information of the complete constellation and power levels of all the nodes within the network [2]. This so proves to yield the most effective performance if the synchronization messages do not seem to be taken into consideration. However, since all the nodes would continually have to be compelled to have world information, the price of the synchronization messages would ultimately be terribly high-priced [3]. For each the diffusion and agglomeration algorithms, we are going to analyze each realistic and optimum scheme so as to realize additional insight within the properties of each approach.

The standard topology of wireless device networks involves having several network nodes distributed throughout a particular physical space. There are sometimes no specific design or hierarchy in situ and thus, the wireless device networks are thought of to be impromptu networks. A commercial ad hoc wireless device network might operate in a very standalone fashion, or it is going to be connected to alternative networks, akin to the larger net through a base station [4]. Base stations are sometimes additional complicated

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ISSN: 2395-6739(online), ISSN: 2321-8517(print) Volume 4, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Design and Performance Comparison of Secure Routing Protocol in Integrated UMTS and WLAN Ad Hoc Networks Shashank Tripathi*, A.K. Jain

Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, India

Abstract The impact of routing attack on the Integrated Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) ad hoc network can be minimized by choosing a suitable secure routing protocol. This paper introduces a new secure inter-domain routing protocol SNAuth_SPERIPv2 and its performance comparison with other secure routing protocols for Constant Bit-Rate (CBR) voice conversational traffic.

Keywords: Integrated UMTS and WLAN Ad Hoc network, Scalability, QoS, Routing, Security, WHA

INTRODUCTION

The choice of security schemes against WHA in next generation heterogeneous networks is based on major factors: authentication, confidentiality, and integrity and data availability. The impact of routing attack on QoS on the Integrated UMTS and WLAN Ad Hoc network can be minimized by choosing a suitable secure inter-domain routing protocol.

The inter-domain routing protocols of multihop integrated network are particularly vulnerable to various routing attacks. The design of secure and robust routing protocols can tackle the security issues in the integrated networks. The integrated network is mainly useful to connect both healthy infrastructured area and remote natural disaster prone area for regular communication.

A severe wormhole may attack on the integrated multi-hop network routing protocol. The effect of this active threat on QoS of the Integrated Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Ad Hoc network can be minimized by a suitable secure routing protocol.

The Integrated UMTS and WLAN multi-hop networks support different class of services, namely: conversational, streaming, interactive, and background class service [1–4]. First two classes are guaranteed QoS classes (highly delay sensitive) and next two are

nonguaranteed QoS classes (loss sensitive) [5].

Only CBR conversation class is selected in this work that is used for voice conversational application. Hear inter-domain traffic model is based on real symmetric voice conversation under large network scalability with and without inter base station soft handoff. Here, scalability is ability of particular network to extend their network size (increasing number of active user nodes while keeping network base infrastructure fixed/network load scalability) without compromising its QoS. Our main contribution is development and analysis of new secure robust neighbor authenticated distance vector routing protocol and its performance comparison with other security protocols.

The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Next section discusses background: integrated UMTS and WLAN ad hoc network vulnerabilities and attacks, subsequent section discusses secure routing requirements and design of secure routing protocol for the integrated network, performance evaluation and results are discussed in separate section.

Finally, last section concludes this paper.

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ISSN: 2395-6739(online), ISSN: 2321-8517(print) Volume 4, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Secure and Parallel Access Mechanism for Network File System Raju Dara1,*, T. Sowjanya2

1

Department of Computer Science Engineering, Krishna Murthy Institute of Technology and Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Abstract Secure communication is an important requirement in the real world as the number of such systems is in process. A standard for large scale distributed file systems that can support parallel access to multiple storage devices is parallel Network File System (pNFS). This file system provides security using Kerberos. Kerberos is one of the network authentication protocol used by client server applications. This is based on secret key cryptography. In this paper, we build a custom simulator application that shows how secure authentication takes place in the context of a parallel network file system. We proposed and implemented a mechanism to have secure authentication and parallel communications besides reducing overhead of metadata servers. The empirical results revealed that the proposed system supports secure authentication.

Keywords: Key establishment, many-to-many communications, secure authentication

INTRODUCTION

Parallel processing systems play a vital role in real world applications. The data are stored in a central place and that can be accessed in a distributed fashion, or it is possible to have different storage devices and a network file system to access the devices simultaneously.

Thus, it is possible to have more freedom in using the file systems. pNFS is a standard that supports Kerberos authentication mechanism for secure and simultaneous access to users

across the network. The problem with Kerberos is that it is causing more overhead due to the maintenance of metadata.

As shown in Figure 1, it is evident that the pNFS standard is dealing with state synchronization and metadata exchange. It is causing time and overhead. There are heterogeneous clients accessing servers and pNFS. The storage devices and servers are linked to metadata server and clients in one way or other.

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ISSN: 2395-6739(online), ISSN: 2321-8517(print) Volume 4, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Vulnerability Assessment and Management Using Qualys Guard 1

Shashank Gahoi1,*, Ashish Jain2

Department of Information Technology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India 2 Department of Computer Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India

Abstract Vulnerability is some flaw or loophole in our environment that a malicious attacker can use to exploit to harm or damage, in computer security. Vulnerability is a weakness which allows a malicious attacker to reduce a systems information assurance. There are various types of tools and techniques proposed over the year to assess the vulnerabilities and to manage them.

These tools and techniques use various approaches to implement the basic functionality of vulnerability assessment and management i.e. to secure the environment by assessing the vulnerabilities and remediating them. This survey describes the various aspects of VS/VM tools and techniques and various issue related to vulnerability assessment and management.

Keywords: Vulnerability assessment, vulnerability management, Qualys Guard tool, remediation, reports

INTRODUCTION

This given paper provides the understanding about the basic overview of the vulnerability assessment and management and their proposed solution and remediation. In order to improve the security in the computer networks the key objectives and overview of the work is presented.

Overview The process of defining, identifying and prioritizing the vulnerability in the system is called as vulnerability assessment, and on the other hand, vulnerability management is the cyclic process of identifying, categorizing, remediating, and detracting the vulnerability.

Vulnerability management is the obligatory to computer security and the networks security.

Every day there can be zero day vulnerability discovered which is then used to exploit the data from the environment. A zero day vulnerability refers to a hole in software environment that is unknown to the vendor.

This security hole is then exploited by a hacker before the vendor becomes aware and hurries to fix it; this exploitation is called zero day attack. In addition, it is extremely difficult to detect the zero day attacks, especially with the traditional cyber defenses.

The recent top 10 [4] targeted high risk vulnerabilities by US-CERT are listed below with their CVE ID.

         

Microsoft Windows (CVE-2014-4114) Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 and 7 (CVE2014-0322) Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 and 9 (CVE2013-1347) Microsoft Silverlight and Developer runtime (CVE-2013-0074) Microsoft Excel (CVE-2011-0101) Oracle Java Development Kit, SDK and JRE (CVE-2012-1723) Oracle Java Developer Kit and JRE (CVE2013-2465).

Adobe Reader Acrobat (CVE-2013-2729) Adobe Flash Player, AIR SDK and Compiler (CVE-2014-0564) OpenSSL (CVE-2014-0160)

WHY VULNERABILITIES OCCUR?

Vulnerability is the intersection of these three principles: flaw (weakness) or susceptibility of the system, an access to the flaw for an attacker and capability of an attacker to exploit the weakness. There are several reasons for occurrence of vulnerability; some of them are listed below.

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