Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications vol 3 issue 3

ISSN 2455-197X (Online)

Journal of Microcontroller Engineering & Applications May–August 2016

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Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications ISSN: 2455-197X (online)

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Angsuman Sarkar

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Maheswari Murali Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering J.J College of Engineering and Technology Trichy, India.

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Department of Electronics, DDU Gorakhpur University.

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It is my privilege to present the print version of the [Volume 3, Issue 3] of our Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications(JoMEA), 2016. The intension of JoMEA Journal is to create an atmosphere that stimulates vision, research and growth in the area of Electronics Engineering.

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Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications

Contents

1. Selection of Cluster Head in Wireless Sensor Network towards Extending Network Life Time A. Narmada, P. Sudhakara

1

2. Designing Intelligence Navigation System for Robots in Dynamic and Noisy Environment by Use of New Communication Equipment Mehdi Darbandi 11 3. Arduino Based Smart Security System Design for Surveillance Vinay Kumar Reddy Kaitha, Bala Naga Vamsidhar Grandhi, Vinay Babu Kosaraju

20

4. Industrial Tank Pressure, Temperature and Humidity Controller using Microcontroller Shahabaz Ahmad Khan, Ahmad Zakariya, Saima Beg, Md Belal Bin Heyat, Mohd Maroof Siddiqui

24

5. Research and Industrial Insight: Microcontroller Engineering and Applications 28

Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications ISSN: 2455-197X(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Selection of Cluster Head in Wireless Sensor Network towards Extending Network Life Time A. Narmada1,*, P. Sudhakara2

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vignan’s Institute of Management and Technology for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Abstract

Reduced energy consumption and extended lifetime are basic requirements of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) with distributed nature and dynamic topological changes. The motes are arranged in clusters and only one mote is chosen as cluster head to synchronize and data routing. The proposed work introduces an innovative approach of choosing cluster head in artificially intelligent wireless sensor network. In the proposed work, the residual energy consumption plays the major role in choosing the cluster head and the radial basis function based network model is used. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated based on several factors such as dead nodes, energy consumption, cluster head formation, number of packets transferred to base station and cluster head. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with existing protocols such as LEACH and LEACH-C. Keywords: LEACH, LEACH-C, Artificial Neural Networks and Wireless Sensor Networks

INTRODUCTION

Wireless sensor network is the interconnection of sensor nodes or motes with limited processing abilities. The motes are generally battery operated in remote terrains of harsh radio environments distributed over wide geographical regions. The mobility of nodes may be fixed or dynamic and are randomly operated to monitor and communicate about environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, light, etc. where in these wireless sensor networks are deployed. The WSN

architecture is interconnection of sensors, internet and remote controller as shown in Figure 1. Sensors, transceiver and processor are main blocks of each sensor node.

Environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, light, etc. are sensed by these sensors. The sensed data is processed by the processor with limited processing abilities and is communicated to central controller with the help of transceiver which is used to transmit and receive [3–9].

JoMEA (2016) 1-10 Š STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved

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Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications

ISSN: 2455-197X(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Designing Intelligence Navigation System for Robots in Dynamic and Noisy Environment by Use of New Communication Equipment Mehdi Darbandi* Department of Electrical Engineering, New York International University of Technology and Management, New York, USA Abstract

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is well known for its easy to use and features possessed. Mostly it is used for security or authentication purpose as each RFID contains a unique identification code. This unique identification feature is also can be used in the different ways. The study of other RFID techniques will be helpful for better service and security. The navigation system for robots using RFID is proposed in this paper. The movements of the robots completely depend on the RFID tags which are to be scanned. In addition to this another feature of changing the duties which are assigned to the particular RFIDs identification is also added.

Keywords: Robotic system, Navigation, RF systems

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays there is lot of identification techniques or technologies present such as ibutton which consists of 64-bit unique identification number coded inside a microchip and it is enclosed inside a stainless steel can. It is very small and portable. This durable and permanent container can be used to carry up-to-date information with a person or object anywhere they go. This device can be virtually placed anywhere because it is rough enough to withstand harsh environments.

The limitation of i-button is that it is not wireless. Without physical connection, it does not work at all. Biometric system – Biometric is the analysis of people’s behavioral and physical characteristics [1]. The technology is mainly used for identifying and controlling individuals under close observation. In this there are various classes such as retina identification, finger print, etc. can be used as a unique identification. But these identification systems have some limitations and that are same as limitation of i-button.

It also requires physical connection. Biometric system is also not a wireless system. So that’s the reason we have taken RFID system [2].

RFID is of two types, i.e., Active RFID and Passive RFID. Here we are using the passive RFID tags, as we just require an identification

code. Apart from this RFID can be detected from a distance of 5–10 cm from the receiver module. That is the main advantage we are going to use [3].

In this paper we are discussing about the RFID based navigation system so let’s discuss about the functionality of this system [4]. In this we are mounting a RFID module under the robot’s chassis which will read the RFID passive tags from the floor wherever we are placing them, but the only thing is that all the cards must be in sink so as to detect and perform or follow the navigation task as per the functionality assigned to the cards, e.g., firstly place a forward card just to give a start to robot so it started moving forward, then put a right card exactly in the path of the robot, so as soon as the next card detected as it is assigned for right movement, it first move 90° right and then again start moving forward [5, 6]. Then put a left, it will similarly do the functionality as right, it’s just that it will move 900 to left then move forward. And then it will follow the instruction of moving forward, right left, till it gets the stop card [7].

JoMEA (2016) 11-19 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved

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Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications ISSN: 2455-197X(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Arduino Based Smart Security System Design for Surveillance Vinay Kumar Reddy Kaitha1,*, Bala Naga Vamsidhar Grandhi2, Vinay Babu Kosaraju3 Department of Science-Computer and Systems Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA 2 Department of Science-Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA 1,3

Abstract

This paper presents an idea for a smarter security system that is a way better than the conventional systems that involve a lot of human labor. The design considerations and working environment of our prototype are discussed here briefly. This prototype can be extended to many domains ranging from household security to the defense security systems.

For designing this security system, we have proposed an architecture using ATmega328 – Arduino Uno board and servo motors. By using this prototype in the real time effectively combining with the human intelligence higher level of security can be achieved.

Keywords: Smart surveillance systems, image processing, Arduino uno

INTRODUCTION

The 21st century has witnessed numerous unbelievable and unremarkable changes that were once just considered to be miracles. With the advanced research and, technology we have given life to our ideas and thoughts which are now are simplifying our human lives. We are now living in a digital world, where the interaction between the computing devices and humans has become a need and necessity to lead an easy life. The technology has touched our human lives with its wonders; a common in a remote place can have access to any information going around the world.

Everything in our present lives now is replaced by a digital system, whether it may be cooking, banking, entertainment or any other field. The scope of a machine is very much greater than a human being they can work in an environment where a human can’t even dare to think about it. This is the kind of motivation that leads us to design a continuous smart surveillance system that is very efficient in replacing the conventional security systems.

In this project we have implemented a basic prototype that detects the external objects in the environment according to its color, once that particular is object is detected by the system the response model targets the object using a laser beam. By employing this

prototype in the real time effectively combined with the human intelligence we can achieve higher level of security.

PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE

The design of the system is built using five individual modules, of which ATmega16 microcontroller is the heart of the system [1].

1. Microcontroller (ATmega328-Arduino Uno board) 2. Computer Vision 3. Computer System 4. Servo motor and driver circuits 5. Response module The microcontroller in our project is an 8 bit CMOS microcontroller whose architecture is based on the advanced RISC instruction set.

This microcontroller is embedded on an Arduino Uno board, which is the base for the circuit implementation [2]. The Arduino is interfaced with the other modules camera, computer system, servo motors and driver circuits and, response module [2].

The interfacing of the modules with the microcontroller is given Figure 1.

The Computer vision module provides the vision for the system and it is the only source by which system interacts with the working

JoMEA (2016) 20-23 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved

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Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications ISSN: 2455-197X(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Industrial Tank Pressure, Temperature and Humidity Controller using Microcontroller 1

Shahabaz Ahmad Khan1, Ahmad Zakariya1, Saima Beg1, Md Belal Bin Heyat2,*, Mohd Maroof Siddiqui1

Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India

Abstract

In this paper, a computer based pressure, temperature and humidity viewing and controller using microcontroller has been discussed. The article achievement is an authoritative part in manufacturing in instruction to protect the excellence of amenity. Hotness sensor measures the hotness, humidity and compression sensors measure moisture and weight respectively and corresponding similarity indication, which is additionally treated by the microcontroller. The statistics will be showed on the liquid crystal display in palmtop display and microcontroller.

Automation and control can be finished with the assistance of supervisor circuitry.

Keywords: Temperature sensors, LCD, microcontroller

INTRODUCTION

Industrial parameter watching is a significant factor. In the previous existences, it was complete actually but that was hazardous and problematic for individual components like boiler tanks etc. By the rise of rebellion in microchip technology, the welcoming and involuntary system has remained designed that delivers explanation to this through least error and healthier competence. This research is also enterprise of hotness observance of big boilers using numerous sensor systems [1–7].

This research work is founded on Dallas’s single wire hotness sensor. The stimulating eye of one-wire strategies i.e. everything on a solitary wire and likewise bidirectional.

Correspondingly, virtually immeasurable numeral of one-wire diplomacies can be associated individual on a particular wire.

Intended for a large tank, we need manifold numbers of hotness sensors to sense the hotness of numerous locations in the interior the container. All the infection sensors are associated on the equivalent one wire means of transportation and information is prearranged to the microcontroller. The regulator demonstration numbers on liquid crystal display and conduct it to the computer to be

registered. The supervisor also standardizes the electric enthusiasm as per the starting point set by the manipulator i.e. on/off [8–18].

METHOD

Block Diagram of Industrial Tank Pressure, Temperature and Humidity Controller using Microcontroller is shown in Figure 1.

Temperature Sensor Temperature is the gradation of warmness of the figure, which is a quantity of the heat gratified in the figure. The delinquent to enumerate the heat gratified of the figure on a measure did not ascend until the development of the condensation locomotive. This device will give information for hotness. The DS1820 digital thermometer suggests nine-bit temperature readings, which not yet in office the high temperature of the trick.

Statistics is sent to on or after the DS1820 over a one-wire line, so that individual one cable needs to be supplementary from a fundamental computer chip to a DS1820. Control for reading, writing, and performing hotness conversions can be resultant from the data line them with no indispensable for an outward influence foundation. Because each DS1820

JoMEA (2016) 24-27 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved

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Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications ISSN: 2455-197X(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Research and Industrial Insight: Microcontroller Engineering and Applications Small Diameter Electrolytic Capacitors in Power Supplies Affecting the Reliability and Cost In recent past, an individual from TDKLambda's specialized showcasing group experienced direct exactly how much impact little distance across electrolytic capacitors can have on long haul control supply unwavering quality. Shockingly he picked February to have his focal warming framework overhauled and Britain's erratic climate framework conveyed snow. The seven year old kettle framework in the space had been killed for two days while the radiators were supplanted.

At the point when the establishment was finished, the evaporator was exchanged on, yet neglected to begin. The heating technician was astounded and an extra cost of £200-300 was specified, alongside a further two day delay while parts were secured. Our colleague was hesitant to go more evenings without warming thus with nothing to lose, scaled into the space to investigate the evaporator. The expert expelled the cover and demonstrated to him the speculate board. Alongside the microchips, transfers and connectors, there was a power supply laid out on the PCB. Knowing that the boiler had been switched off the previous summer, with no issues, he speculated the cool climate was bringing about the issue. He was likewise aware of a current official statement TDK-Lambda had composed for its ZMS100 control supply and how the item configuration had tended to capacitor life. A warmer was brought into the space and used to warm up the horde of little electrolytic capacitors bunched around the power supply control IC. Once the encompassing temperature had risen, the evaporator begun inside 20 seconds, appropriately awing the professional.

There is a tendency/ propensity in power supply unwavering quality to concentrate on the bigger aluminum electrolytic capacitors utilized as a part of the outline. Going from 10mm to more noteworthy than 50mm in

measurement, these capacitors are utilized either as capacity or to decrease yield voltage swell. On account of the "mass" or hold-up capacitor, normally evaluated at 400 to 450V dc, vitality is put away to permit the power supply to keep on operating amid a short AC interference. The yield capacitors are utilized to diminish high recurrence swell voltage and enhance reaction times to sudden load changes. One of the key components in a capacitor detail is producer's life time numbers. According to various clients electrolytic capacitor life-time is a major quality element. The concern is that after some time, with lifted temperatures, electrolyte is lost because of dissemination through the elastic seals bringing on a misfortune in capacitance and an expansion in ESR. For the mass capacitor, this diminishment in capacitance can decrease control supply holdup times. As the yield capacitors age, the yield swell voltage can increment to a point where the power supply can get to be distinctly precarious. Then again, the littler electrolytic capacitors that are related with the housekeeping circuit and start up hardware are frequently neglected and considered generally immaterial. Capacitor makers have reacted to market needs and now offer an assortment of financially valued electrolytic capacitors that have 10,000 hours with temperature scopes of up to 105°C. One would expect that if adequate care is taken to guarantee the swell current and encompassing temperatures are accurately dealt with, the issue would be comprehended. Not exactly. Taking a gander at one of the real capacitor producer's datasheets for a generally utilized long-life capacitor, it can be seen that for a 12.5mm width capacitor the life is expressed at 10,000 hours. The life for a 6.3mm measurement capacitor in a similar arrangement at 105°C however is just 4000 hours. On the off chance that the powers supply is in operation 24 hours a day that likens to less than six months. By then, the datasheet says the capacitance can be 75% of the first esteem. The broadly utilized dependable guideline for capacitor derating is

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Journal of Microcontroller Engineering & Applications May–August 2016

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