SIH Level 8 - Data Science

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STEM Innovators Book Level 8 Copyright © 2024 Author: Erin Goodwin Editors: Asma Mahamedi, Hari Mukul Sagar and Rebecca McDowell ISBN: 978-981-17494-2-1 Published by: SKOOL21 PTE. LTD. - Singapore DUO Tower, Level 8 #831 3 Fraser Street, 189352, Singapore All rights reserved, first edition 2024.

No part of this book may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copyright law.

For permissions or inquiries, please contact: Email: info@skool21.org Website: https://skool21.org

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Preface Welcome to the Future of Learning!

Get ready to explore, build, and imagine like never before! The SKOOL21 STEM Innovators series takes you on an exciting adventure through science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Whether you’re just starting out or already a curious creator, these books are designed to help you think big, solve problems, and invent new ideas that could change the world.

Building on a Strong Foundation: From learning how simple machines work to designing with 3D models, each book builds on the one before it. You’ll travel through time—learning about cool inventions from the Industrial Revolution and creating your own along the way. No matter your grade, there’s something new and exciting to discover.

Learning by Doing: This isn’t just about reading or watching—this is about doing. Each book comes with a STEM kit full of tools and materials so you and your group can jump into hands-on challenges. You’ll build, test, explore, and learn by making things with your own two hands!

Real-World Impact:

Your ideas matter. Every project in this series connects to real problems people around the world are working to solve—like clean water, sustainable energy, and protecting nature. These challenges are based on the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and your creations could help make the world a better place.

You’re Learning Like a Pro: The SKOOL21 STEM series is trusted by experts and based on international standards.

That means you’re learning the same problem-solving, teamwork, and design skills that real scientists and engineers use every day. You’re not just doing schoolwork— you’re getting ready to shape the future.

Embrace the spirit of innovation, ignite curiosity and empower the next generation of problem solvers with the SKOOL21 STEM Innovators series!

Happy Innovating!

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Introduction to the Kit The Databots Kit is an interactive learning solution that combines programmable mini-robots with real-world data analysis. It provides students with the tools to explore fundamental concepts in data collection, visualization, and AI-driven decision-making. Whether in the classroom, STEM labs, or extracurricular programs, this kit fosters critical thinking, problem-solving, and computational skills.

The Databots Kit is more than just a coding tool—it’s a gateway to the world of data science, preparing students for careers in AI, machine learning, and beyond.

Let the journey begin!

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Table of Contents S. NO

STEM PROJECTS

SDG

PAGE NO.

I

LED TEST

07

II

TILT SENSOR

09

III

SAVING DATA TO A .CSV FILE

10

IV

CONTROL OUTPUTS WITH AN INPUT

12

1

AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS

14

2

UV-PROTECTION PRODUCT TESTING

24

3

JUMP COUNTER

33

4

SOUNDPROOF WALLS

43

5

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

54

6

LANDSLIDE PREVENTION

63

7

BLACKOUT CURTAINS

72

8

PACKAGE PARACHUTE

81

9

SPLIT THERMAL LUNCHBOX

90

10

MAGLEV TRAINS

99

11

BLIND SPOT SENSOR

107

12

CONDUCTOR CONVERTER

116

13

BALANCE BALL CHAIR

125

14

ALTITUDE SICKNESS ALARM

135

15

BIKE STABILITY MONITOR

144

C

CAPSTONE PROJECT

153 05

Intro to Databot Databot is a cuboid with 16 sensors that can send data to a free application called Vizeey for visualization.

SET UP YOUR DATABOT Take your databot out of the package and locate the charging port, which is the side with a single port and has the “<- X ->” axis. It also will say “Power” in small letters on the printed circuit board (PCB). Plug it into a standard 5V source to charge for an hour to charge. The battery will last for 4-6 hours.

While it is charging, you can turn it on with the “on” switch that is on the “<-Y->” axis side. The switch is very small and embedded in the PCB. The red and blue LEDs (labelled LED1 and LED2 on the PCB) should turn on while it is charging. Note that the device can be used while it is charging.

Look at the databot and identify where the different sensors are located on the cuboid.

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Lesson 1: LED Test

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to: Understand what a Databot is and what it can do.

Connect the Databot to a computer using a USB cable.

Open Microblocks and install the correct firmware for Databot.

Load the Databot library in Microblocks.

Use block-based coding to change the LED lights on the Databot.

VOCABULARY

MATERIALS

Computer

Databot

INTRODUCTION 1. What is Databot?

A Databot is a small, cube-shaped computer with many built-in sensors and colored lights called LEDs. It can send and collect data and be programmed using a tool called Microblocks. This lesson will show you how to connect your Databot, update it, and create a fun light display using code blocks.

2. What is Microblocks?

Microblocks is the coding software we use to program the Databot.

It works like Scratch and other drag-and-drop coding tools.

You don’t need to type — just drag colored blocks to create your code!

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GETTING STARTED 1. Connect your Databot to a USB port on your computer. You may need a USB to USB-C adapter or dongle if your device does not have a USB port, which is common on Mac laptops.

2. Navigate to https://microblocks.fun/run/microblocks.html in your web browser. You will see the Microblocks page open.

LOAD FIRMWARE

⚙️

1. Click the gear wheel ( ) at the top of the page.

2. Select “Databot” to update the firmware on your board.

3. Wait for the firmware to update, then press “OK” when it finishes.

LOAD THE LIBRARY 1. Click on “Libraries”.

2. Select “Databot” from the list.

3. Look for the green Databot menu to appear.

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CREATE A TEST CODE 1. Click on the “Control” tab.

2. Drag out the “When started” block. This block tells the program what to do when it begins.

3. Create a simple code to make all LEDs the color of your choice.

4. Press the green “Run” button.

5. Look at your Databot and watch the LEDs change color.

6. Create another code to make each LED a different color.

7. Press “Run” again and see the lights change.

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AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS

OBJECTIVES At the end of this activity the learner will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the following:

Next Generation Science Standards Matter and its Interactions MS-PS1-3 Gather and make sense of information to describe that synthetic materials come from natural resources and impact society.

Cambridge Science Chemistry: Properties of Materials 8Cp.01 Understand that the concentration of a solution relates to how many particles of the solute are present in a volume of the solvent.

Stanford Data Science Data Collection Learn there are many choices to be made around the process of data collection and these affect the quality, amount, speed, accessibility, and cost of the data collection.

Cambridge Math Statistics and Probability 8Ss.04 Use knowledge of mode, median, mean and range to compare two distributions, considering the interrelationship between centrality and spread.

Engineering Connection Analyze air quality changes caused by consumer products to decide if they need to be used outdoors or in a ventilated space.

STEM Careers Connection This project features tasks that resemble people working in the following careers:

Common Core For Mathematics The Number System 8.NS.A.1 Know that numbers that are not rational are called irrational. Understand informally that every number has a decimal expansion; for rational numbers show that the decimal expansion repeats eventually, and convert a decimal expansion which repeats eventually into a rational number.

Business owner

Indoor air quality specialist

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Project 1: INTRODUCTION If you visit a beauty salon, you probably aren’t thinking about being exposed to VOCs, or volatile organic compounds. However, unfortunately, products like hairspray, nail polish remover, and candles release VOCs into the air as they are used. Hairsprays release solvents, and nail polish remover contains compounds like acetone that quickly evaporate. Candles emit VOCs through combustion, especially if scented. These invisible compounds can be measured using a VOC sensor like the SGP30.

Invisible Risks in Everyday Air

How Do Scientists and Engineers Analyze Air?

Common salon products like hairspray and candles release invisible VOCs into the air, risking human health.

Long-term exposure to VOCs can lead to respiratory illnesses and worsen asthma.

(Source: CDC, 2021)

Cleaner Air, Healthier Workplaces Without Ventilation

Scientists collect and graph data to understand if the air is safe to breathe. We use measurements, averages, and comparisons to make smart, healthy decisions based on evidence.

DEFINE THE PROBLEM A beauty salon owner wants to test her salon’s ventilation to ensure that it is safe to use hairspray, nail polish remover, and candles inside. Can you program the databot to test the air quality and alert the client with an alarm if the air quality is unhealthy?

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With Ventilation

Using science to reduce VOC exposure creates healthier workplaces and happier lives.

MEASURE YOUR SUCCESS Your air quality analysis should: 1. Report the VOCs in the environment 2. Notify the user when the VOCs are above an unhealthy level

Your air quality analysis must: 1. Use only the materials provided 2. Save the data in a file for later review

TEAM ROLES Work with your team to determine who will complete each role for this project.

Project Manager Resource Manager Project Communicator Project Tester

MATERIALS

Databot

Hairspray

Nail polish remover

Candle

Lighter

Fan

VOCABULARY

VOCs

Volatile Organic Compounds, gases emitted into the air from products or processes and may be harmful

PPM

PPM, or parts per million, is a unit of measurement expressing the concentration of a gas in the air

Solvent

A VOC that contributes to air pollution

Acetone

A VOC that can cause eye, skin, and lung irritation

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GETTING STARTED WIRE AND CODE 1. Ensure the databot is charged. Connect the databot to your device with the USB cord.

2. Navigate to: https://microblocks.fun/run/microblocks.html 3. Select the USB connection button and ensure the code highlights in green.

4. Add the databot library.

5. On start, setup the SGP30 sensor to let the program know you are going to use it.

6. Create a variable named VOC to store the value of the sensor reading.

7. Since the SGP30 has two values, first CO2 and second VOC, set the VOC variable to the second item. The “item” block comes from the “input” tab. Note that the colors of the commands match the colored tabs, which should help you locate them.

8. Run the program with the green “play” button and then open the graph to view the values.

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9. What VOC levels in ppm (parts per million) are unsafe for an indoor space?

CHALLENGE Create a way to notify the user when the air quality is above an unhealthy level.

DESIGN AND PLAN How will you make your program such that the databot sounds an alarm when the air quality is unhealthy?

EVALUATE While wearing a mask, expose the databot to the following substances and take note of the VOC values on the graph. Were they high enough to set off the alarm?

VOC after 1 minute of exposure

Nail polish remover

Inside, windows closed, no fan Inside, windows open, no fan Inside, windows open, fan Inside, windows closed, fan Outside 18

Hairspray

Candle

Put a check underneath the measures you recommend. Consider the drawbacks as well as the benefits of each measure. For example, an outdoor beauty salon or having the windows open may not be feasible in most places all year.

Outside

Inside, Open Windows

Fan

What else can a beauty salon do to properly protect its employees and customers?

TEST Go back to Measure Your Success and check the boxes. Does your project meet all the criteria and constraints?

SHARE AND DISCUSS Present your findings to the class and discuss the following questions.

1. What other consumer products would you like to test for VOCs to make sure you are using them in properly ventilated spaces?

2. If you discovered there were businesses near you that are not properly ventilating their spaces, what can you do to help the customers and employees?

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MATH AND SCIENCE CONNECTION The following VOC samples in ppm were collected over 10 hours in a study of two restaurant where chefs with and without a hood range were exposed to VOCs. a.Predict: will the mean, median, and mode of these two data sets be rational or irrational values? How do you know?

Without Hood Range

With Hood Range

1,200

350

800

250

2,000

600

400

150

1,300

400

600

200

900

300

700

200

850

280

300

100

b. Solve for the mean, median, and mode of the two data sets. Was your prediction correct?

c. What are the standard deviations of the two data sets? Why might one data set have a larger standard deviation than another?

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REFLECT

1. How could ventilation recommendations help meet the SDG Goal of Decent Work and Economic Growth as well as Good Health and Wellbeing?

2. How might people in the career fields listed for this project also help contribute to the SDG Goal of Decent Work and Economic Growth as well as Good Health and Wellbeing?

3. Self-reflect on your work on this project.

I can identify key parts of a problem to solve it effectively.

I can model the prototype in onShape.

I can adapt my model to meet the challenge requirements.

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Try to model and print the solution yourself. If you are having trouble, look at the images below for guidance.

SAMPLE SOLUTION Try to come up with functioning code yourself, but if you need help, you may refer to the example below.

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