انشاءات معدنية

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٢١١

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 



 E=F e

 W

 ‫א‬J E

 ‫א‬J F

 ‫א‬J e

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 e=∆L L

 W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬- ∆L ‫א‬‫ א‬-L



 W

 E= F = FL ∆L L

∆L Poisson’s ratio

‫א‬ -‫ﺟـ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬Transverse‫א‬

‫א‬Longitudinal Strain‫א‬‫א‬Lateral Strain‫א‬‫א‬  K0.26

Plasticity ‫ א‬- ‫د‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

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