5/29/2017
ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻳﺔ : ﺇﺟﻬﺎﺽ ﺟﺩﻳﺩ ﻟﻺﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻣﻘﺭﺍﻁﻳﺔ
ﻣﻥ ﻧﺣﻥ | ﺍﻻﺷﺗﺭﺍﻛﺎﺕ | ﺍﺗﺻﻝ ﺑﻧﺎ
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ﺍﺩﺧﻝ ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺙ
ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻳﺔ : ﺇﺟﻬﺎﺽ ﺟﺩﻳﺩ ﻟﻺﺻﻼﺡ 2016/12/27
ﺑﻘﻠﻡ ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺟﺎﺗﻰ
ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ65 :
ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ 2636
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ﺻﺣﻑ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻳﺎﺕ
ﻋﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ
ﺍﻹﺭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻐﺭﺏ :ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺗﺳﺗﻔﺯ /ﺳﻌﻳﺩ ﻭﻟﻔﻘﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻳﺩ /ﻋﻣﺭﻭ ﺍﻟﺷﻭﺑﻛﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺗﺳﺗﻌﻳﺩ ﻓﻳﻪ ﻣﺻﺭ ﻗﺩﺭﺍً ﻣﻥ ﺳﻣﻌﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﻣﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻣﻘﺭﺍﻁﻰ ،ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺅﺗﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﺎﺏ ﻭﺗﻭﺻﻳﺎﺗﻪ ،ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺻﺩﺭﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻋﻘﺎﺑﻪ ،ﻳﺑﺩﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﻣﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺭﻏﺏ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﺗﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺭ ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻖ ،ﻭﻟﻳﺱ ﺃﺩﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ،ﻭﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺻﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺟﺩﻳﺩ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻔﺎﻭﺽ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ،ﻓﺎﺟﺄ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻧﻭﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻟﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺑﻣﺳﻭﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺳﺭﻳﻊ ﻟﻳﺣﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﺟﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﺍﺏ .ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻭﺻﻔﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺍﻷﺳﻭﺃ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻗﻭﺍﻧﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺻﺭ ،ﺑﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ 38 ﻟﺳﻧﺔ .64 ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺃﻁﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺧﻳﺭ» ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺗﺄﻣﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻰ« ،ﻓﺈﻧﻧﺎ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻁﻠﻖ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ »ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﻗﺗﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻰ«.
ﻋﻭﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﻘّﻝ ﺑﺣﺛﺎً ﻋﻥ ﺣﻠﻭﻝ / ﻋﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻥ
ﻭﻫﻧﺎ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺫﻛﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻰ ﺗﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺩﺭﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻠﻣﻭﺳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ، ﻧﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﺗﺧﺻﺻﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺟﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ ،ﺳﻭﺍء ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺗﻧﻣﻭﻳﺔ ،ﺃﻭ ﺧﻳﺭﻳﺔ ،ﺃﻭ ﺗﻭﻋﻭﻳﺔ ،ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺟﻌﻝ ﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﺿﻠﻳﺔ ،ﺣﻳﺙ ﺇﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻛﺛﺭ ﺩﻳﻧﺎﻣﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺿﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻣﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻁﻧﻳﻥ ،ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻛﺛﺭ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺯﺍ ،ﻧﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﻠﺗﺧﺻﺹ ،ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺛﺭ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻼﺕ .1ﺃﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺎﻋﻝ ،ﻭﻟﻳﺱ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻣﻔﻌﻭﻻ ﺑﻪ ،ﻫﻰ ﺷﺭﻁ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﻣﻥ ﺷﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻣﻳﺔ. ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻟﺗﺑﺎﺱ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺯﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ،ﻓﻰ ﻅﻝ ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﻣﻳﺔ ،ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﺷﻬﺩ ﺣﺭﺍﻛﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﻠﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻰ ،ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺷﻛﻝ ﻫﺎﺟﺳﺎ ﻟﻸﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻛﻣﺔ، ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺭﻯ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻯ ﻓﻌﻝ ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﻰ ﺗﻬﺩﻳﺩﺍ ﻟﻬﺎ ،ﻧﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻌﻳﺷﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻝ ،ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺗﻭﺟﺱ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻯ ﺣﺭﺍﻙ ﻗﺩ ﻳﺅﺛﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻷﻧﻅﻣﺔ ،ﺑﻝ ﻗﺩ ﺗﻔﺳﺭﻩ ﻓﻰ ﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺣﺭﺍﻙ ﻓﻰ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻣﺅﺍﻣﺭﺓ ﻫﺩﻓﻬﺎ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺟﻌﻝ ﺃﻁﺭﻭﺣﺎﺕ ،ﻣﺛﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﺳﻭﺩ .ﻭﻟﻌﻝ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﻟﺟﻧﺔ ﺗﻘﺻﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺑﺧﺻﻭﺹ ﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻳﻧﺎﻳﺭ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻭﺻﻠﺕ ﺇﻟﻳﻪ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻧﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻧﺷﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺻﺭ ﻭﺗﻣﻭﻳﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻫﻰ ﺃﺳﺑﺎﺏ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺇﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻳﻧﺎﻳﺭ ، 2ﻳﻌﺩ ﻣﻔﺳﺭﺍ ﻟﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﺣﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﺷﻁﺗﻬﺎ .ﻭﻫﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺷﻳﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻫﻣﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻳﻧﻅﻡ ﻋﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺎﺕ ،ﺑﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﺿﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﺇﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻭﻛﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ،ﺑﺩﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻧﻅﻳﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺩﺧﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ،ﻭﺻﻭﻻ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻧﺷﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻣﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻧﺗﻬﺎء ﺑﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﺭﻑ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻭﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ،ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻝ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻻﺣﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ .ﻭﻗﺩ ﺗﺳﻬﻡ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻌﺯﻳﺯ ﺍﻟﺣﻭﻛﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ،ﻓﺗﻧﺑﺛﻖ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺎ ﺇﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺷﻳﺩﺓ ﺑﻣﺎ ﺗﺗﺿﻣﻧﻪ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﻔﺎﻓﻳﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎءﻟﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ،ﻭﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﻛﻔﻳﻠﺔ ﺑﺩﺣﺽ ﺍﻻﺗﻬﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺩﺍﺋﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻭﺟﻪ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻰ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻋﺎﻡ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺎﻟﺔ ،ﺃﻭ ﻏﺳﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﻭﺍﻝ ،ﺃﻭ ﻛﻭﻧﻪ ﻏﻁﺎء ﻟﻺﺭﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻰ ،ﺣﻳﺙ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻧًﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﻻً ﺳﻭﻑ ﻳﺗﺭﺗﺏ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺇﻧﻬﺎء ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺿﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﻳﺗﺳﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻰ3.
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