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نحو بناء وتجديد الحركه النقابيه المصريه على اسس ديمقراطيه طلال شكر

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‫ﻧﺣﻭ ﺑﻧﺎء ﻭﺗﺟﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺱ ﺩﻳﻣﻘﺭﺍﻁﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻡ ﻳﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺎ ً ﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻧﻘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺗﻣﺛﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺣﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﻣﺛﻳﻝ ﻣﺻﺎﻟﺣﻬﻡ ﻭﻗﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺣﺭﻛﺗﻬﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻝ ﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺷﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻫﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻧﺎء ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﻭﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﻋﻣﻝ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﺭﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻫﻣﺔ ﺑﻧﺻﻳﺏ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻝ ﻧﺯﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﺂﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻲ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺁﻟﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻔﺎﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺷﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻖ ﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺣﻘﻳﻘﻰ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﺳﻔﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺫﻳﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﻣﻧﺫ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1957‬ﻭﺍﻧﺗﻬﺎﺝ ﻣﺻﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺗﺎﺡ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،1974‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺑﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻭﻕ ﻭﺗﺣﻛﻡ ﺁﻟﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺣﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺳﻠﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺗﺣﺩﺩ ﻗﻳﻣﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻭء ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺩ ﻅﻠﺕ ﻣﺻﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﺧﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻧﺫ ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪ 2007‬ﺑﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺳﺎﺗﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﺟﻣﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺭﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﺻﺭ ﺟﺯء ﻻ ﻳﺗﺟﺯﺃ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﺎﻗﺩﺓ ﺗﻣﺳﻛﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺣﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻲ )ﺍﺗﺣﺎﺩ ﻧﻘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﺻﺭ( ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ ‪ 35‬ﻟﺳﻧﺔ ‪ 1976‬ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺎﻟﻑ ﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﻅﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻗﻳﺎﻡ ﺛﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪ 25‬ﻳﻧﺎﻳﺭ ‪ ،2011‬ﻭﺍﻋﺗﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ )ﺗﺣﺕ ﻣﺳﺋﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺗﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻋﻰ(‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻟﺗﺯﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺭﺗﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺛﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺻﺩﻗﺕ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﺻﺭ ﻓﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺻﺩﺍﺭ ﺧﻁﺔ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪12‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪ 2011‬ﺑﺎﺣﺗﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﺑﺩﺃﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺗﺄﺳﻳﺱ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺈﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺛﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺻﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﺣﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺣﻭﺍﺭ ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺃﻗﺭﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﺭ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺍﻵﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺗﻭﺭ ﻋﺻﺎﻡ ﺷﺭﻑ ﻭﻟﻛﻧﻪ ﻟﻡ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﺣﺗﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻳﺔ ‪ 87‬ﻟﺳﻧﺔ ‪ 1948‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﺻﺭ ﻓﻲ ‪ 1957/11/6‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻘﺿﻰ ﺑﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻣﻳﻳﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺧﺗﺎﺭﻭﻧﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻧﺿﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻳﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺧﺿﻭﻉ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﺿﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻭﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺣﻖ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺗﺧﺎﺏ ﻣﻣﺛﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﻧﺷﺎﻁﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻳﺎﻏﺔ ﺑﺭﺍﻣﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﻣﺗﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻯ ﺗﺩﺧﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺣﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﺩ ﺗﺭﺗﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍء ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﺻﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻧﻘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻳﺗﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺑﻖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺅﺗﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ‪ 106‬ﺑﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻟﺟﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺃﻋﺭﺑﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻً‪ :‬ﺧﻳﺑﺔ ﺃﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻧﺔ ﻟﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻭﻟﻣﺩﺓ ﻁﻭﻳﻠﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺻﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻳﺔ ‪ 87‬ﻟﺳﻧﺔ ‪ 1948‬ﻭﻳﺄﺗﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺇﺧﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭ ﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﻣﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻳﺎً‪ :‬ﺗﺄﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻧﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻣﺗﺳﻘﺎ ً ﻣﻊ ﺃﺣﻛﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺧﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻳﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻌﺩﻡ ﺟﻌﻝ ﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﻧﻘﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻣﺅﺳﺳﻳﺔ ﺑﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎً‪ :‬ﺗﺗﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻧﺔ ﻗﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺗﻣﺗﻊ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﻖ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺃﻧﺷﻁﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﺗﺧﺎﺏ ﻣﻣﺛﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ ً‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﻗﺑﻭﻝ ﺑﻌﺛﺔ ﺍﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻟﺗﻘﻳﻳﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺫﻭﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﺗﻼﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺣﻅﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﺳﺎً‪ :‬ﺗﻧﺎﻗﺵ ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻧﺔ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻣﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻭﻓﻣﺑﺭ ‪.2017‬‬


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