ﻧﺣﻭ ﺑﻧﺎء ﻭﺗﺟﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺱ ﺩﻳﻣﻘﺭﺍﻁﻳﺔ
ﻟﻡ ﻳﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺎ ً ﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻧﻘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺗﻣﺛﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺣﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﻣﺛﻳﻝ ﻣﺻﺎﻟﺣﻬﻡ ﻭﻗﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺣﺭﻛﺗﻬﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻝ ﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺷﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻫﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻧﺎء ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﻭﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﻋﻣﻝ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﺭﻳﻥ ،ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻫﻣﺔ ﺑﻧﺻﻳﺏ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻝ ﻧﺯﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﺂﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻲ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺁﻟﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻔﺎﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺷﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻖ ﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺣﻘﻳﻘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ . ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﺳﻔﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺫﻳﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﻣﻧﺫ ﻋﺎﻡ 1957ﻭﺍﻧﺗﻬﺎﺝ ﻣﺻﺭ ﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺗﺎﺡ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺎﻡ ،1974ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺑﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻭﻕ ﻭﺗﺣﻛﻡ ﺁﻟﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ،ﺍﻷﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺣﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺳﻠﻌﺔ ،ﺗﺗﺣﺩﺩ ﻗﻳﻣﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻭء ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ .ﻟﻘﺩ ﻅﻠﺕ ﻣﺻﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﺧﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻧﺫ ﻋﺎﻡ 2007ﺑﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺳﺎﺗﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﺟﻣﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺭﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺕ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﺻﺭ ﺟﺯء ﻻ ﻳﺗﺟﺯﺃ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﺎﻗﺩﺓ ﺗﻣﺳﻛﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺗﺣﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻲ )ﺍﺗﺣﺎﺩ ﻧﻘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﺻﺭ( ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ 35ﻟﺳﻧﺔ 1976ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺎﻟﻑ ﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﻭﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﻅﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻗﻳﺎﻡ ﺛﻭﺭﺓ 25ﻳﻧﺎﻳﺭ ،2011ﻭﺍﻋﺗﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ )ﺗﺣﺕ ﻣﺳﺋﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺗﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻋﻰ( ﺑﺎﻻﻟﺗﺯﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺭﺗﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺛﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺻﺩﻗﺕ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﺻﺭ ﻓﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺻﺩﺍﺭ ﺧﻁﺔ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ 12ﻣﺎﺭﺱ 2011ﺑﺎﺣﺗﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﺑﺩﺃﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺗﺄﺳﻳﺱ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺈﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺓ ،ﺛﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺻﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﺣﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺣﻭﺍﺭ ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺃﻗﺭﺗﻪ ﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﺭ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺍﻵﻥ . ﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺗﻭﺭ ﻋﺻﺎﻡ ﺷﺭﻑ ﻭﻟﻛﻧﻪ ﻟﻡ ﱠ ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﺣﺗﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻳﺔ 87ﻟﺳﻧﺔ 1948ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺕ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﺻﺭ ﻓﻲ 1957/11/6ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻘﺿﻰ ﺑﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻣﻳﻳﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺧﺗﺎﺭﻭﻧﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻧﺿﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻳﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ،ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺧﺿﻭﻉ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﺿﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻭﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺣﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻧﺗﺧﺎﺏ ﻣﻣﺛﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻭﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺗﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﻧﺷﺎﻁﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺻﻳﺎﻏﺔ ﺑﺭﺍﻣﺟﻬﺎ ،ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﻣﺗﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻯ ﺗﺩﺧﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺣﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺣﻖ ،ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﻟﻪ ،ﻟﻘﺩ ﺗﺭﺗﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍء ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﺻﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻧﻘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻳﺗﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺑﻖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺅﺗﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ 106ﺑﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻟﺟﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺃﻋﺭﺑﺕ ﻋﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ: ﺃﻭﻻً :ﺧﻳﺑﺔ ﺃﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻧﺔ ﻟﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻭﻟﻣﺩﺓ ﻁﻭﻳﻠﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺻﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻳﺔ 87ﻟﺳﻧﺔ 1948ﻭﻳﺄﺗﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺇﺧﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭ ﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﻣﻝ. ﺛﺎﻧﻳﺎً :ﺗﺄﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻧﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻣﺗﺳﻘﺎ ً ﻣﻊ ﺃﺣﻛﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺧﺹ ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻳﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻌﺩﻡ ﺟﻌﻝ ﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﻧﻘﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻣﺅﺳﺳﻳﺔ ﺑﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ . ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎً :ﺗﺗﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻧﺔ ﻗﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺗﻣﺗﻊ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺃﻧﺷﻁﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﺗﺧﺎﺏ ﻣﻣﺛﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻳﺔ. ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ ً :ﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﻗﺑﻭﻝ ﺑﻌﺛﺔ ﺍﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻟﺗﻘﻳﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺫﻭﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﺗﻼﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺣﻅﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ. ﺧﺎﻣﺳﺎً :ﺗﻧﺎﻗﺵ ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻧﺔ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻣﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻭﻓﻣﺑﺭ .2017