Perspectives
3 Introduction
CHLOE MCCULLOCH
6 Is soil security still in jeopardy for Scotland?
SARAH BUCKINGHAM
10 Diversifying for success
KERRY HAMMOND & CALUM JOHNSTON
14 A conversation with… Dennis Overton
18 The future of British energy
FERGUS RUSSELL
4 Grasping the sustainability opportunity
IAIN BOYD
8 Let’s talk about death and money
SASCHA GRIERSON
12 Natural capital to nourishment: The role of dairy in the Scottish food system
JOHN NEWBOLD
16 Paving the way for the agri-food industries
JAMIE NEWBOLD
20 Exploring challenges and opportunities in Scotland’s food and drink sector
LUISA RIASCOS
FERGUS RUSSELL
22 Staff Spotlight
23 Staff Spotlight GAVIN PRENTICE
CHLOE MCCULLOCH , HEAD OF SAC CONSULTING
A rapidly growing global population, many only just beginning to experience mass consumer culture, is coming to terms with an uncomfortable truth: this way of living isn’t sustainable, and choices must be made. Sustainability is no longer just a trend or political soundbite - it’s the reality that rural industries and consumers must navigate together. What started as an ethical consideration is now a commercial and strategic necessity. Sustainability is the new normal.
This doesn’t mean that consumers are open to giving up their comforts, or paying more, despite their demand for action on climate change, and contradictions are everywhere. For example, airlines adapting in-flight catering with choices that claim to be more sustainable, or climate-conscious consumers expecting to buy strawberries or asparagus all year round instead of buying seasonally. The frustrations will be familiar, but these are just high-profile outliers rather than signs that change is slowing. Rural businesses must choose whether to get ahead and lead or be forced into reactive change on someone else’s terms.
There will be bumps in the road too. At the time of writing, Trumpism is resurgent in the U.S., the UK economy remains fragile, and uncertainty is shaping global markets. These factors might create volatility in the pace, but a tipping point has been reached, and they won’t alter the trajectory. Sustainability is now
embedded in consumer behaviour, regulatory frameworks, trade agreements and corporate strategies. In fact, we’re already seeing an evolution beyond net zero towards greater sophistication – moving from a simplistic carbon focus to circular economies, resource efficiency, and resilience. These are areas where rural industries, particularly farming, already have an edge.
I took up the reins as Head of Consulting only a few months ago but I have been part of the organisation for a large part of my career - long enough to see how our expertise in sustainable rural business strategy has grown as we’ve continued in our long tradition of helping clients to thrive in spite of (or even because of!) a changing environment. We remain at the forefront of helping our clients turn sustainability from a challenge into a commercial opportunity.
This edition reflects that leadership, offering practical insights into how businesses can align with shifting consumer expectations, avoid the pitfalls of both greenwashing and greenhushing, and use sciencebacked strategies to strengthen their position. We explore soil health, food security and energy independence – topics that will shape the future resilience of our farming and rural industries. The choice is clear: those who take ownership of their sustainability strategy will build trust, strengthen resilience, and drive profitability.
Rural business has always been about adapting, innovating and turning change into opportunity. Sustainability is no different. The challenge now is to act decisively and turn it into a competitive advantage.
chloe.mcculloch@sac.co.uk
Grasping the sustainability opportunity
IAIN BOYD, SENIOR CONSULTANT AND CARBON & NET ZERO WORKSTREAM LEAD, SAC CONSULTING
Businesses must deal with three main pressure points - from policy, investors and consumers. Consumers are increasingly aware of their carbon footprint and the environmental impact their choices have. The Office of National Statistics’ 2024 Survey on public and business attitudes toward climate change found 57% of adults consider climate change an important issue, and 76% have made lifestyle changes to address it.
This rise in carbon-aware consumerism presents an opportunity for businesses to both promote and enhance their sustainability efforts. By aligning with consumer values and taking meaningful action, businesses can not only contribute to a more sustainable future but also gain a competitive advantage in an increasingly eco-conscious marketplace.
While consumer intent does not always translate into action, sustainability is becoming an increasingly important factor in consumer behaviour. Those that can afford to are content paying a premium for ‘sustainable’ products. While health and cost remain the top considerations for food choices, environmental impact is right behind them, and rising.
Conducting carbon footprint assessments is a crucial first step in understanding a company’s overall environmental impact and identifying areas for improvement. It is also important to acknowledge that every farm, business and sector is different, and interventions need to be tailored to individual activities and enterprises.
Many businesses undertake carbon audits, and this presents a major opportunity to dive into the results and explore the biggest opportunities for improvement. For instance, in agriculture, adopting regenerative farming practices can sequester carbon, improve soil health and reduce emissions from fertilisers and machinery, providing multiple benefits for the planet and your business.
While many companies already report on their direct (scope 1 and 2) emissions and take steps to minimise them, scope 3 emissions (which includes indirect emissions from supply chain and product life cycles) remain a significant challenge. Addressing these emissions requires greater co-operation and accountability across the supply chain, as well as efforts to educate both employees and consumers about climate impact.
As consumer scrutiny over sustainability claims intensifies, businesses must ensure their environmental efforts are both genuine and impactful. Greenwashing (making unsubstantiated or misleading environmental claims) can damage credibility and consumer trust. This has seen the rise of ‘greenhushing’, where businesses downplay or don’t promote their sustainability efforts to avoid scrutiny.
Rather than fearing scrutiny, businesses should embrace transparency and ensure their sustainability initiatives are backed by credible, science-based evidence and verifiable real-world outcomes.
Transparency and collaboration
Clear communication about the environmental impact of products throughout their life cycle is crucial. While reducing emissions within a company’s value chain (known as ‘insetting’) is a priority, some emissions are unavoidable. In such cases, credible carbon offsetting projects, such as reforestation and peatland restoration, can help balance out remaining emissions. However, these efforts must be legitimate and verifiable to avoid consumer scepticism.
Businesses do not have to navigate this challenge alone. Collaboration with like-minded organisations can amplify impact and create shared solutions. By working together, companies can accelerate progress toward sustainability goals and drive industry-wide changes.
Taking climate action is not only a moral imperative, but also a business opportunity. Companies that integrate sustainability into their core operations can:
• Enhance their reputation and brand loyalty
• Improve efficiency and reduce costs
• Meet regulatory and trade requirements
• Future-proof their operations against environmental and policy shifts
The pressure to adopt sustainable practices is driven by investors, global standards, trade policies, governmental and industry regulations. Progressive companies are already setting ambitious net-zero targets and tackling scope 3 emissions. These efforts benefit all stakeholders, from farmers and manufacturers to retailers and consumers.
Leading by example
INNOCENT: BCorp certified for social and environmental transparency, they have a renewable powered factory and work with farmers to ensure their ingredients are good for people and the planet.
The role of policy and the risks of inaction
Government policies and industry partnerships play a critical role in supporting businesses in their sustainability journeys. The growing policy trend favours low-carbon and green business practices, creating incentives for companies to adopt and promote carbon-conscious strategies.
As sustainability climbs the agenda for consumers, it has also significantly climbed it for policymakers and investors. Policymakers have built sustainability targets into countries’ legislation to ensure global targets are hit, while investors have pushed for companies to build security and resilience to climate change to protect their assets. These three pressure points are forcing businesses big and small into action. The very worst thing a business can do in this atmosphere of change, is nothing.
The shift toward carbon-aware consumption is not a fleeting trend but a long-term transformation. In an era of increasing climate consciousness, taking bold and credible action on carbon reduction is not just ethical and a good deal for the planet, it is a good deal for business.
Get in touch
iain.boyd@sac.co.uk
DIAGEO: The global drinks company is proactively tackling scope 3 emissions with regenerative agriculture programmes and direct collaboration with farmers to benefit biodiversity, water, soil health and carbon.
PATAGONIA: From using sustainable materials, promoting the circular economy and raising awareness of environmental issues, the outdoor clothing brand is living its values.
Is soil security still in jeopardy for Scotland?
SARAH BUCKINGHAM, SENIOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT, SAC CONSULTING
Those working the land are ever mindful that soils underpin nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as supporting flood resilience, water quality, forestry and future food security. However, a 2024 report by Environmental Standards Scotland (ESS) highlights a range of risks to Scotland’s soils - many of which are still prevalent fifteen years on from the Scottish Soils Framework published by the Scottish Government in 2009.
According to the report, the future security of Scottish soils and subsequent wider environmental services which soils provide, could still be in jeopardy. The main risks outlined included soil compaction, erosion, organic matter and carbon loss, biodiversity loss, contamination, soil-borne disease and pests, as well as reduced water retention capacity (influencing drought tolerance and flood resilience).
ESS claims that Scotland (formerly a world leader with the Soils Framework) is now falling behind international best practice with regards to statutory proposals to monitor and protect soils. It further cites that Scotland’s soils should be protected by law.
Despite the vital role soils play in our environment and economy, and unlike the water sectors, there is currently no overarching policy to protect our valuable soil resource. So how may this change our physical and policy landscapes in the future?
The crucial role soils play in delivering services to our communities, economy and environment has received increasing attention in recent years, particularly in policy developments where more soil-specific objectives have been outlined. The Climate Change Committee identified soils as one of eight priority policy gaps for Scotland in their 2022 report, ‘Is Scotland Ready for Climate Change?’.
However, the current protection of soils in a policy context is somewhat fragmented across different national level strategies and policies. For example, the 2023 National Planning Framework provides a soilspecific policy (Policy 5) which states an aim “to protect carbon-rich soils, restore peatlands and minimise disturbance to soils from development”. The Scottish Government’s Vision for Agriculture (2022) outlines developments in the form of a Whole Farm Plan. It includes soil testing, presents a range of agricultural reform measures that promote continuous soil cover, enhanced crop diversity, reduced inputs of synthetic fertilisers and improved nutrient management. It also highlights retaining and enhancing field margins and permanent habitats - all of which have been shown to support good soil health.
More recently, the 2024 Scottish Biodiversity Strategy outlines objectives with specific reference to soils (Objective 3). It cites a directive to “embed nature positive farming, fishing and forestry”, which includes the action to “ensure increased uptake of high diversity, nature-rich, high soil carbon, low intensity farming methods while sustaining high quality food production”.
However, the disconnected nature of soil-focused policy results in the implementation of actions being fairly concentrated within specific policy themes and/or land use types. This can make it challenging to tackle the landscape-scale soil issues (such as flood resilience, diffuse pollution and biodiversity loss) needed to better protect, restore and enhance soil functionality and associated ecosystem services.
To initiate cohesion across soil-related policy groups, the Scottish Government has commissioned a project through ClimateXChange. It is to develop a route map for Scottish soils as a deliverable to the third Scottish National Adaptation Plan, calling for “landscape scale solutions to be implemented for sustainable and collaborative land use, including protecting and enhancing Scotland’s soils”.
The project reviews where soil protection legislation and frameworks currently exist across Scotland, with the aim of identifying the extent to which soils are (and perhaps are not) protected against the main threats outlined within the Scottish Soil Framework and ESS report.
Synergies between policy objectives will be highlighted in terms of identifying opportunities for collaborative approaches to soil protection, which provide co-delivery across policy themes. The project also explores developments and future opportunities for a Scottish Soil Monitoring Framework, which was initiated in 2009 to further support evidence-led decision making.
As part of the ClimateXChange project, a workshop was held in December 2024 to discuss how to harness and best utilise the data and knowledge we have already, and to explore opportunities to strengthen the potential for baselining soil health and vulnerability to risks across different land uses. We are working to establish understanding of the current state of our soil systems to determine the net impacts of different pressures, as well as provide evidence on the extent to which different management practices can contribute to soil protection, restoration or enhancement.
Our approach also considers developments in EU Soil Monitoring Law and how this relates to Scotland in the context of our specific soil and land use characteristics. Positive initial discussions have made it clear that there are many opportunities for Scotland to develop a more advanced monitoring framework that is more appropriate and beneficial for our landscapes and land uses.
The journey to secure Scotland’s soils is both a challenge and an opportunity. By integrating cohesive policies and leveraging advanced monitoring frameworks, we can safeguard our environment whilst building a resilient and prosperous and thriving soils system benefiting generations to come.
Let’s talk about death and money
SASCHA GRIERSON, PRINCIPAL CONSULTANT, SAC CONSULTING
The recent UK Budget and its changes to Agricultural Property Relief (APR) and Business Property Relief (BPR) has generated a significant reaction across our industry. The long-held ability of family farming businesses to pass land and assets on to the next generation upon the death of the owner free of inheritance tax (IHT) is gone.
It’s an emotive topic and, since last October, there has been a lot of back and forth between industry and government regarding the impact on the wider industry and the future viability of family farms. It can be difficult to disassociate broad industry impact from individual family businesses. Every farming business, and every financial position, is unique.
As we are now experiencing a higher taxation environment with our new UK Government, and with support for agriculture competing with many other sectors when it comes to the UK and Scotland budget, the outstanding question for every farm business should be “can my business afford to pay the tax?”, when it comes.
The supplementary questions then could be, what legal and sensible steps can any family farming business take to mitigate the impact of this tax, bearing in mind that the most sensible step may be, do nothing. A tax relief of 50% is still better than no relief at all for IHT. These steps must fit with your whole family’s vision for the future.
From April 2026, the first £1million of combined business and agricultural assets will remain exempt, but assets over this threshold will be subject to IHT at 50% of the full rate (i.e., 20% effective rate). In addition, the nil-rate band will remain at £325,000 until 2030.
Anti-forestalling rules, which came into force on the day of the budget, mean that if assets were gifted on, or after, 30 October 2024, but the owner dies within seven years, the £1 million limit still applies. It’s clear that these changes necessitate careful planning and professional advice to navigate effectively.
Data analysis by SRUC’s Professor Andrew Barnes using data gathered in the Scottish Farm Business Survey addresses the initial question of the affordability for farm businesses.
In a subset of 400 farms in Scotland with a turnover of more than £20,000 and which are representative of the 11,000 most productive farms in Scotland, 43% of those farms are affected. The potential tax bill every year for 10 years and the time allowed for payment of this tax for those affected farms ranges from 3% of their net profit to 37% of their net profit, or £1,800 to over £100,000 each year for 10 years.
To answer the second question about mitigation, it’s clear that careful succession planning has become ever more urgent for family farming businesses looking to take advantage of the seven-year rule, whereby gifted assets can become free of an inheritance-tax liability, if those gifting it live for seven years.
Succession planning has traditionally not been an easy topic for farmers in the UK. Insights from a UK wide report demonstrates the industry wide challenge:
1 in 4 farmers has not made a will
Only 1 in 2 farmers has considered APR or IHT in their succession planning
Only 1 in 3 farms with an identified successor has an actual plan
Only 1 in 5 farmers intend to fully retire, 4 out of 5 plan to keep on working.
It suggests that, as an industry we have some work to do. There are many reasons behind these insights, some of which may have to do with the cultural difficulties of talking about death and money, not easy topics to discuss with your loved ones.
There is also the knotty question of retirement financial planning for the outgoing generation. The question is, can we afford to pass on a business that the older generation is still deriving an income from, and is there enough to go around to make succession a viable option for family members?
These issues form the content of current family conversations as they navigate these tough decisions. For many, it requires professional help to get the right conversation started and maintain the momentum to see it through. This could be seen as a family investment in a once in a generation passing on of the family farm, and akin to investing in a capital item to support business growth.
At SAC Consulting, we have supported many farming families to achieve a good succession. They can help to generate realistic options that are then taken to the accountants and solicitors to turn into the succession plan.
As a family, there are some key points to consider in this process:
• Start early, prepare for it to take time
• Have open, clear family discussions including a trusted advisor as a neutral party
• As a family, decide what you want before you go to your accountant and then your solicitor
• Nominate a family member as the main contact for professional support
• Focus on a tax efficient passing on of assets
• Make a will and nominate a Power of Attorney
• Aim for good (not perfect), and a fair (but not equal) split of assets - not everyone will get everything that they want
sascha.grierson@sac.co.uk
Diversifying for success
KERRY HAMMOND, PRINCIPAL CONSULTANT, AND CALUM JOHNSTON, SENIOR CONSULTANT, SAC CONSULTING
There is a common misconception in Scotland that ‘diversification’ means agritourism.
Whilst agritourism continues to be a hugely successful sector in the rural economy, there are many diversification opportunities landowners could consider. These may include sports and leisure, rural retreats, retail and hospitality, food and drink product development, artistic/creative workshops, cook schools and tasting experiences. Other examples include health and wellbeing activities, farm-based gyms and fitness coaching, alternative crops, wind turbines, micro electricity generation, flower picking and dog fields.
All diversified enterprises, including agritourism, can be financially and personally rewarding bringing new dimensions to a core business.
Diversification has far-reaching impacts on the whole rural economy by enhancing the social and economic sustainability of many rural communities. Diversification provides jobs, attracts domestic and international visitors, increases footfall and consumer spending in retail, hospitality, and tourism businesses, benefits social interactions and engagements, and can inject investment into our mainland and island communities. Crucially, diversification can bring new opportunities for young people to live, work, and raise a family in rural areas, thus reducing depopulation across rural Scotland - particularly within our remote rural communities. It is critical to ensure that we don’t lose our unique culture, heritage, and traditions, which are the foundations of Scotland’s identity.
Diversifying doesn’t need to include consumer-facing activities, like tourism or hospitality. Those who would prefer to avoid the public may find success making bespoke furniture from wood or creating luxury clothing and textiles from wool. Some may choose to utilise their land to a greater effect with the installation of wind turbines, hydro schemes, hosting mobile phone masts, or other utility service infrastructure, which can bring additional income from relatively small acreage. Farmers may choose to diversify by growing alternative crops such as rye for the biofuel industry, or hemp used in textiles, paper, and construction materials which can be a good addition to arable crop rotations, bringing agronomic benefits, and leveraging hemp’s impressive carbon sequestration ability.
Often the most fulfilling enterprises are those which are a natural extension of your lifestyle - capitalising on your own unique skills, interests, and talents. Photography, arts and crafts, music and performing arts, children’s education and activities, training sheepdogs or gundogs, sports, or fitness coaching, can all bring an immense sense of achievement along with an income stream.
‘wellness’ industry. We are seeing increasing demand for heat and cold therapy, plunge pools, outdoor saunas, nature trails, forest bathing, walking therapy, or wellness workshops held in beautiful natural surroundings. Rural businesses are ideally suited to cater for this demand by capitalising on their natural assets.
Diversified businesses are also seeing a shift towards more sustainable operations, creating sustainable sourcing strategies, rainwater harvesting, providing active travel options, installing renewable energy infrastructure, and using recycled, upcycled, or repurposed materials for furniture or building materials.
Rural businesses can access support to upskill their employees in adapting to climate change and reducing business emissions by accessing Carbon Literacy for Rural Industries training. This training can help diversified businesses ensure they are futureproofing operations and supporting the drive towards a netzero future, something that is top of mind for many of today’s customers.
Diversification is an exciting and evolving part of the rural industry to work in. Diversified business owners are, by their very nature, forward-thinking, creative, and ambitious, however, many of them face similar hurdles and barriers on their journey. Whether it’s selfconfidence, family dynamics, succession planning, staying motivated, making decisions, or frankly finding themselves responsible for a whole new business type. These challenges are not insurmountable, but we have found that the most successful diversified businesses are the ones who aren’t afraid to ask for help when they need it.
that I now view Kerry as an integral part of my inner circle. I benefit from the honesty and frankness of our discussions, she helps me see different perspectives, holds me to account in a beneficial and safe way, and challenges me in a way that I welcome. It’s the reassurance and companionship too, running a rural business is a lonely place at times. She adds exponential value to work I’m doing… she is worth her weight in gold.”
- Sarah Heward, The Real Food Café,
Accessing coaching, mentoring or business advice is a proven way for people to begin to overcome their challenges. They have a personal cheerleader in their pocket, someone who knows the industry and the pitfalls that may arise, someone who can support them in decision making, play devil’s advocate when required, or motivate them through a ‘stuck’ mindset. Coaching can alleviate that sense of isolation and risk when undertaking anything new - it doesn’t all rest on your shoulders, you have a teammate.
For more information about how we can help your rural business to navigate through change, get in touch!
Get in touch calum.johnston@sac.co.uk
Natural capital to nourishment: The role of dairy in the Scottish food system
JOHN NEWBOLD, PROFESSOR OF DAIRY NUTRITION, SRUC
PERSPECTIVES | SPRING 2025
Circular
economies (in which resources are reused and recycled as much as possible) are sustainable economies, and this is as true for food production as for any other industry.
The contribution of dairy to the circularity of the Scottish food system is an all-too-well-kept secret, and one that should be recognised and valued in public discourse and policy debate.
Livestock will continue to be part of future food systems, if those livestock do not compete with humans for food and if the rearing of livestock does not compete with other food production systems for land.
With a mild, moist climate and large areas of land with soil and topography unsuitable for crop cultivation, it’s no surprise that grasslands dominate much of the Scottish countryside. As a result, there is a rich tradition and heritage of expertise in the use of the dairy cow to convert those grasslands into high value food.
The cow is one of nature’s up-cyclers. They convert the cell walls of grass and other plants (comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) - that are largely indigestible to monogastric animals such as humans – into a highly nutritious and delicious food in the form of milk. Indeed, milk protein scores higher than almost any other food in the Food and Agriculture Organization’s preferred metric of food protein quality, due to its high digestibility and amino acid profile.
This ability to upcycle resources we cannot eat directly is captured in the circularity metric ‘human-edible feed efficiency’. For protein, this is defined as the amount of human edible protein (adjusted for protein quality) produced by a livestock farming enterprise divided by the amount of human edible protein those livestock consume. Dairy cows generally produce more than twice as much human-edible protein as they consume, with this figure being higher for high-forage production systems, such as those practiced in Scotland.
A recent evaluation of the circularity of food production in Ireland (an environment not dissimilar to our own) calculated the amount of food that could be produced per hectare, from a range of feasible crop-only and mixed crop/livestock farming systems. This was to
address the question of whether that land should be used exclusively to grow crops for direct human consumption (e.g., cereals, beans and potatoes) or whether more, higher quality food could be produced by integrating livestock. By allowing food production from land suitable for grassland but unsuitable for arable crops, the integration of a dairy-beef system made the whole food system more efficient and more circular.
Circularity is a powerful and compelling argument for a continued leading role for dairy farming in the nation’s food system.
However, there are some tricky trade-offs. In general, ruminant diets rich in plant cell walls (inedible to humans) will generate high yields of methane when digested in the rumen. Substituting some of those plant cell walls with starch or fat will help to push methane down, but if that starch and fat comes from feeds we could use as food (e.g., cereal grains), this will make the dairy system less circular.
The way out of this dilemma is to base ruminant diets on forages (rich in human-inedible plant cell walls), supplemented by non-human edible food processing co-products (such as the traditional use of brewers’ and distillers’ grains, and sugar beet pulp) or former foodstuffs such as bread, bakery products and confectionery. The residual oil and readily-fermentable carbohydrates in food industry co-products are strategically important in realising high rates of milk production – with lower emissions of methane - in cows offered forage-based diets.
This then highlights another challenge. Is it more circular to use those human-inedible resources as feed or as fuel (i.e., in anaerobic digesters)?
This becomes a question of politics and economics, but this debate is incomplete and always partial unless proper value is placed on the nutritional quality of different foods in the nation’s diet (which would highlight the value of dairy) and, of course, the circularity of the systems in which they are produced.
Get in touch
john.newbold@sruc.ac.uk
A conversation with Dennis Overton
With a career spanning over four decades, Dennis Overton has dedicated his career to advancing sustainable food systems, making significant contributions to the food and farming industries both in Scotland and internationally.
From his roots in the Highlands of Scotland to his work in Rwanda, Overton, retired Chair of SAC Commercial (SRUC Innovations), has championed initiatives and businesses that redefine how food is produced. His journey is a testament to the power of seeking new solutions, collaboration with communities and a deep commitment to nature.
His career began to take shape far from the fields of Scotland. After leaving school, he set off to South America, eventually landing in the Falkland Islands.
“That time was really transformative. The Falklands had a simple, self-sufficient in the basics agricultural system. I arrived uncertain of my career direction, but left convinced that agriculture, food and farming were where I wanted to focus my efforts. Agriculture struck me as fundamental; it wasn’t just an industry - it was a way to make a tangible, lasting impact on people’s lives.”
In 1987, Overton co-founded Aquascot, a sustainable seafood company that would help Scotland lead the world in aquaculture innovation. The company pioneered organic salmon farming, a venture that took years of development, but, with burgeoning customer demand and interest in organic produce, the business thrived.
“We discovered we could produce salmon in Orkney differently, with a better balance between the environment and the fish. In 1999, we brought the world’s first organic salmon to market. It was more than a product - it was a statement that sustainability and quality could go hand in hand.”
He later became trustee, and subsequently, Chair of The Soil Association. Here, Overton helped to develop the ‘Food for Life’ initiative, a programme which addressed questions about how nutrition impacted learning.
“It was about more than just improving nutrition. We wanted to reconnect school children with fresh, locally sourced food and show how good food could enhance learning, health and community well-being. It has had a transformational impact.”
Beyond Scotland, Overton’s work in Rwanda over 20 years has shown him how food systems can empower even the smallest communities. As Chair of Ikirezi, an organic natural products business, he has supported small-scale farmers in transforming their livelihoods. That experience offers insight into both the contrasts and the parallels between these regions and Scotland.
“There’s so much to learn from places like Rwanda. I think one of the big differences is local production. Their agriculture is deeply tied to the land, with most food produced locally. Around 90% of their food is produced within 20 miles of home. They’re finding ways to take the best parts from food systems in other countries, rejecting problematic elements which don’t suit their aspirations or environments.”
Hope for the Highlands - regeneration and restoration
Since 2011, one of Overton’s long-term commitments has been his role as Chair of the Ardtornish board. This 20,000-acre estate in North Argyll has undergone significant transformation during his chairmanship, focusing on ecological restoration and sustainable land management.
“When I began, the land had been overgrazed and depleted. It was clear we had to rethink everything. We concluded that the previous 150 years direction of travel in land use was not sustainable. We began to focus on ecological restoration – allowing nature to flourish and supporting its growth.
“Whilst we’ve reduced sheep numbers, we continue to value and nurture ruminant farming on the estate, particularly cattle. Visitors and tourism are very important too. There’s a growing interest in the Atlantic Rainforest, and we’re now beginning to see people coming on rainforest safaris.
“Carbon capture has also become a key enterprise at Ardtornish, achieved through peatland restoration and planting native woodlands. The estate’s five hydroelectric schemes and two biomass systems have been transformative, creating a more sustainable, resilient business model.
“The land has an incredible capacity to heal if you give it the chance. Ardtornish is a place full of energy, innovation and opportunity, which makes the work exciting and fulfilling even after all these years.”
Building a Good Food Nation
Today, Overton is at the forefront of Scotland’s food policy as Chair of the Scottish Food Commission. Part of the ‘Good Food Nation Act’, this body plays a pivotal role in guiding the nation towards a transformed food system. He believes the Commission’s work is vital for supporting Scotland to address modern challenges in biodiversity, food security, human health and climate change.
“The Good Food Nation Act is ambitious, but it’s exactly what we need. We’re not just addressing farming practices but tackling the whole food systemfrom how we grow food to where it goes and what we end up eating.
“The next ten years could be transformative for farming. We’re seeing incredible opportunities in agri-tech and regenerative farming, all of it is reshaping how we produce food. There’s a ‘back to the future’ moment happening in agriculture now, in response to many of the challenges laid before us. For example, re-learning how to grow clover instead of focusing on bagged nitrogen. It’s about blending old practices with new tools to create resilient systems.
“As a nation, we’ve become quite disconnected from where our food comes from. Bringing food production closer to home strengthens communities and gives people a sense of connection to the land.”
Overton’s message to young people entering agriculture is simple but powerful.
“Farming is one of the most rewarding things you can do - it’s not just a job, it’s a calling. Think about the legacy you want to leave behind. Whether it’s restoring a patch of land, creating a new food product, or helping others find their place in this industry, every action counts.”
Reflecting on his career to date,
“So far, I’ve really enjoyed the ability to support new enterprises and see the power of a well-run company in a community. Creating businesses that last and have long-term impact is something I hold quite high up the list of meaningful achievements. What keeps me inspired is knowing the work we do today will shape the world we pass on to future generations”.
Paving the way for the agri-food industries
JAMIE NEWBOLD, PROVOST AND DEPUTY PRINCIPAL, SRUC
In a significant and long-awaited development, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC) has made history by becoming the first Scottish education provider in nearly 20 years to be granted degree-awarding powers.
This milestone is more than just a new chapter for us; it marks a crucial moment in the developing landscape of higher education in Scotland. For the first time, SRUC will be firmly positioned as an independent degreeawarding institution.
This ground-breaking achievement should not be seen as a mere administrative formality. The decision to grant Taught Degree Awarding Powers (TDAP) by the Privy Council and the Scottish Parliament is a clear recognition of a commitment to shaping future leaders in rural and environmental sectors, and an ambition to become a leading tertiary institution with a deep understanding of the evolving needs of the industries, communities and people it serves.
We are already ranked among the UK’s top five for animal science and agriculture, according to the Guardian University rankings, but have always worked towards creating accessible pathways from learning and out into industry. That is one of our unique differences as an institution with both research and commercial focuses which complement our educational pathways.
This focus on creating new levels of accessibility for vital industries, is exemplified by the launch of SRUC’s inaugural Bachelor of Veterinary Science (BVSci) programme in October 2024. The course is designed to be more than just a path to a veterinary degree; it is a gateway for students from rural and remote Scottish areas to enter a profession that has traditionally been underrepresented by these communities, and one which is looking for an influx of new talent to address workforce shortages.
Over half of the first cohort is drawn from rural locations, making it clear that SRUC’s commitment to widening access to higher education is not just a mission statement—it’s a reality. The programme also introduces a flexible progression route, making it accessible to students who may not meet traditional entry requirements, thus lowering the barriers to degree-level education.
Even more exciting, the veterinary school is just the beginning of our plans to help the industries and sectors we work in to find new talent. SRUC has also recently launched a suite of innovative micro-credentials, offering flexible, accredited, bite-sized learning experiences that cater to the rapidly changing demands of learners, industries, and the job market.
These fully online courses will allow learners to easily access education and expertise in areas such as agriculture communications, data-led agriculture, sustainability in veterinary practice, and ecosystem management for climate resilience, no matter where they are based.
In a world where industries are evolving faster than ever, this innovative approach to professional development is not just timely - it’s necessary.
What makes these courses particularly valuable is their focus on providing learners with the practical, up-to-date knowledge needed to navigate an increasingly complex job market. With courses led by industry experts, students gain real-world skills that are directly applicable to their careers. It’s an approach that bridges the gap between academic study and professional development, offering an education that is as relevant as it is rigorous.
Looking ahead, we believe these developments have the potential to catalyse much more than just an academic revolution. The land-based sector is a key area of competitive advantage for Scotland. As we continue to grow and expand, there is a unique opportunity to play a central role in Scotland’s national recovery and renewal, particularly as the world grapples with the challenges of climate change and sustainability.
Our degree-awarding powers mark the beginning of an exciting new chapter—not just for us, but for Scotland as a whole. With a long history spanning over 100 years, our roots are firmly planted in sustainability, rural expertise, and environmental innovation. We take pride in preparing our students, whilst also utilising our consultants, learning from our researchers and working with our customers and partners to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing world together.
It’s fantastic to see us poised to lead the way in addressing some of the global challenges of tomorrow. By equipping students with the knowledge and skills necessary to drive Scotland’s natural economy forward, alongside our globally renowned research, expert consultants and commercial services, we are not just shaping the future of education but also contributing to the growth of our industry. By building accessible routes into and around the agri-food system, we can help to shape the future of the sector.
With so many exciting developments on the horizon, this is only the beginning - the best is yet to come!
The future of British Energy
FERGUS RUSSELL, CHARTERED SURVEYOR AND SENIOR AGRICULTURAL CONSULTANT, SAC CONSULTING
The ongoing global energy crisis caused by the Russia-Ukraine war has highlighted the vulnerability of relying on imported fossil fuels and the importance of seeking energy independence to avoid wholesale pricing volatility.
In 2022, farmers renewing their energy contracts experienced increases of up to 400% - with high energy users, such as those running cold storage being affected the most.
While out on the farm, one Scottish vegetable grower reported that his electricity bill was set to increase from £140,000/year to over £800,000/year. Hearing this reminded me how access to affordable, reliable energy is fundamental to us being able to continue to reliably power rural businesses, heat our homes and allow the UK to maintain its competitive position in the global economy.
As we stand at an energy crossroads, driven by environmental urgency and the impacts of geopolitical uncertainty, we have a very clear goal: a self-powered nation with net-zero emissions by 2050. This is an ambitious target which is propelling the UK towards a future powered by renewable energy and will inevitably change the way our countryside looks and is managed.
To transition to a green energy grid, a diverse range of renewable energy technologies will be required. UK Government targets are to double onshore wind power, triple solar power and quadruple the amount of energy generated by offshore wind by 2030. Driving round the countryside visiting clients, the impact of these changes is becoming increasingly more apparent, with wind turbines now visible from all angles in parts of Scotland.
It has also brought a shift in the advice SAC Consulting provides, with a greater number of landowners now seeking help after being approached by renewable developers and utility companies looking to acquire legal rights over land.
Our unique natural geography provides opportunities to produce energy in many ways and, as a nation, we continue to push boundaries in renewable energy generation. The once futuristic designs of floating offshore wind farms are no longer just concepts, with the Kincardine Wind Farm (developed in 2021 off the coast of Aberdeen) remaining the world’s largest of its type. Floating offshore wind farms continue to develop, with larger projects planned for seas around Scotland.
Green hydrogen, produced using renewable energy from wind farms and solar schemes, holds huge promise and could revolutionise transportation, heating and industry. The UK plays a pivotal role in leveraging this technology, hosting the world’s first commercial-scale green hydrogen electrolyser in Teesside.
Solar power technology also continues to develop and become more efficient, with utility-scale developments becoming more viable in Scotland. Controversy still surrounds solar due to the amount of land required compared to other generating technologies, which often leads to discussions with landowners about the importance of food production and what is the best use for land.
It was reassuring to see the UK Government pledge its commitment to the energy transition by lifting the ban on new onshore wind farms in England and announcing plans to develop Great British Energy, a publicly owned holding company that will invest in green energy projects across the nation and provide further energy security.
In our current renewable energy projects, developers are generally looking to secure agreements for between 35 and 50 years with break clauses built into the terms. The contractual option to terminate early may suggest there is an expectation that the energy market could look different again in 20 years’ time.
There is continued investment in nuclear fusion for energy production and supporting the development of green hydrogen plants. Once these ‘switch on switch off’ generating technologies come forward - in particular, nuclear fusion - we could see a completely different energy mix in the future and the role the UK countryside has in delivering it.
Renewable energy projects can offer significant diversification opportunities to landowners with good, long-term and reliable returns and I would encourage any landowner to explore what options may be available to them. Alternative use of land often challenges our deep-rooted beliefs in what a family farm should be used for. However, the importance of food security and energy security should be considered when looking to the future.
For the UK to remain a popular destination for British and international capital, a robust and competitively priced supply of energy must be provided. In the same way food is vital to our existence, energy is vital to our economy - and it must remain affordable to ensure economic prosperity for those in both the countryside and city.
Exploring challenges and opportunities in Scotland’s food and drink sector
LUISA RIASCOS, FOOD & ENTERPRISE CONSULTANT, SAC CONSULTING
Scotland’s food and drink sector is celebrated worldwide for its exceptional quality and rich heritage. However, rapidly evolving and volatile global markets bring new challenges, requiring businesses to adapt and optimise their supply chains.
Of course, the industry also faces significant obstacles, such as labour shortages, rising costs, and supply chain disruptions. The sector employs one-fifth of Scotland’s manufacturing workforce yet currently faces a shortfall of more than 10,000 workers, particularly in soft fruit, horticulture, and seasonal vegetable production.
Labour costs are also a pressing concern for many businesses and will continue to be a key challenge over the next five years. Additionally, economic and political events have disrupted trade and contributed to food price inflation, which has now hit a 45-year high.
Despite these challenges, the sector continues to demonstrate resilience, with businesses adopting innovative strategies wherever they can. Collaboration, technology investment, and sustainability initiatives can drive progress. By forging partnerships and embracing change, we can strengthen supply chains and build resilience to withstand uncertain times.
Be clear about provenance
Provenance has become a cornerstone of Scotland’s food and drink sector, reflecting a growing demand for transparency. Many modern consumers care deeply about where their food comes from, how it is produced, and its ethical and environmental impact. For Scottish producers, provenance must be therefore more than just a buzzword, it is a crucial competitive advantage.
This concept extends beyond geography to include sustainability, ethics, traceability, and storytelling. By sharing unique narratives through labelling and marketing, Scottish producers can forge meaningful connections with consumers. This focus on provenance not only builds trust and brand loyalty but also aligns with consumer desires to support sustainable and ethical businesses.
Boost sustainability efforts
As provenance strengthens consumer trust and brand loyalty, sustainability emerges as a natural extension, reinforcing ethical production practices while enhancing supply chain efficiency. Far from being a mere environmental goal, there are tangible benefits such as reduced waste, using less energy, and making supply chains more resilient.
In Scotland, many food and drink businesses are pioneering circular economy models, where materials and products find new life through repurposing, reusing, refurbishment, or recycling. This not only reduces waste, but it also maximises resource efficiency.
The notable rise in eco-friendly packaging solutions is a shift which helps to address the growing consumer demand for sustainable products and solutions. This shift is not a temporary trend but a fundamental change. By prioritising sustainable practices, businesses can position themselves as being aligned to a future where efficiency and environmental stewardship go hand in hand.
To fully realise the benefits of sustainability, the sector must also invest in a skilled workforce capable of driving innovation and adapting to evolving supply chain demands. As supply chains grow more complex and technologies evolve, businesses need a workforce equipped to handle these changes. Investment in skills and training ensures that employees can embrace innovation and meet modern demands.
Upskilling supports innovation across the supply chain, enabling adoption of emerging technologies to drive operational efficiency. Additionally, training initiatives can address current labour shortages and keep businesses agile in an ever-shifting landscape. This focus on skills development is critical not only for individual businesses but for the sector, ensuring it remains competitive on both a national and global scale.
Advanced technologies are also transforming and revolutionising supply chain efficiency. From blockchain for enhanced traceability to automation and artificial intelligence, these tools can help your business to optimise logistics, reduce costs, and streamline production.
Go further together
Innovation projects, like the Highlands and Islands Enterprise (HIE) Food and Drink TechHub, can provide access to cutting-edge technologies and foster collaborative, fruitful relationships between businesses and tech experts. These partnerships can help to accelerate growth and improve market reach, ensuring that you stay competitive.
Strategic collaborations are also vital for expanding market access. Partnerships between producers, retailers, and technology firms create blended expertise and resources which create opportunities for knowledge sharing, creativity, and finding solutions to shared challenges. By working together, businesses can strengthen their supply chains and position themselves for sustained and shared success.
In the Food and Enterprise team, we help businesses to navigate this evolving landscape. With tailored guidance and initiatives grounded in Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles, we support them to adopt sustainable practices, improve competitiveness, and meet regulatory standards.
Businesses must keep a clear focus on sustainability, technological innovation, and talent development to drive future success for the sector - meeting the consumer demands of today but also preparing for the market challenges of tomorrow.
Fergus Russell
SENIOR CONSULTANT AND CHARTERED SURVEYOR
Specialist expertise
• Land rights and compensation claims
• Utilities and renewables
• Estate management
Tell us about your career journey
Having graduated with a degree in Rural Land Management from the Royal Agricultural University, I started work with Carter Jonas LLP as a rural consultant. In 2015, I qualified as a rural surveyor from the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, specialising in agriculture, access rights and compensation, land use and diversification and estate management. I have worked as a rural surveyor for the last 10 years, holding posts in northern England and Scotland with a focus on utilities, renewables and estate management.
Why did you come to work at SAC Consulting?
SAC Consulting is a well-established organisation with a strong reputation amongst farmers and landowners across Scotland. I wanted to become part of a forward-thinking consulting team to provide robust, fact-based advice across the industry.
If you could do anyone else’s job, who would it be and why?
I have a huge amount of admiration for the accredited farm advisors at SAC Consulting, who work alongside organisations like RSABI providing help and support to farmers. Supporting farmers and their families through challenging times is a very worthy reason to go to work.
What work (in your current role) are you most proud of and why?
Most of my work currently is representing landowners who have been approached by large utility and energy developers who are looking to secure legal rights over land. It can often feel like a case of David and Goliath, so it is essential to make sure the landowners’ interests are well looked after while maximising the opportunity for them. I take a lot of pride in providing client-specific advice and ensuring appropriate commercial terms are in place for facilitating developers with their often-lucrative projects.
If you had one wish to better the industry, what would you wish for?
I wish more people would understand the importance of eating good quality, locally produced whole foods. The connection between diet and health is often discussed, but there needs to be a greater understanding of the economic link between them. When you factor in the national health costs associated to eating poor quality food, you realise we are paying much more for our food than the price shown on the shelf. We need to reduce the cost to our healthcare system by eating better quality, healthier food and, in doing so, increase the money available to subsidise and support British farming.
Staff Spotlight
Gavin Prentice
SENIOR POTATO CONSULTANT
Specialist expertise
• Potato supply chains and customer intelligence
• Agronomy, trial work and knowledge transfer
• Potato disease identification and certification
Tell us about your career journey
My journey with SAC Consulting started when I was a college student, studying at SRUC. Ultimately, going on to achieve a BSc degree in Sustainable Environmental Management. Who knew I would be back working as a consultant fifteen years later! Across my time in industry, I worked for two major seed potato breeders and suppliers. Previous experience includes quality control, technical advice, procurement and contracts. I was responsible for allocation and dispatch of thousands of tonnes of seed to UK and export markets. I have achieved BASIS qualification in field vegetables, acquiring knowledge around plant protection products whilst joining the professional register. I also became a qualified drone pilot in the A2 Open category to embrace new technology assisting growing crop assessments. In addition, I’ve gained valuable field experience, disease identification and diagnostic skills, along with knowledge of seed certification and multiplication, visiting countries around Europe to learn more about potato agronomy.
Why did you come to work at SAC Consulting?
SAC Consulting is known for its expertise and independent advice which is well respected across the country. During my time in the trade, the potatoes team were the one stop shop to find the answers to any potato related questions, constantly approachable and helpful. So, to have the chance to join their young, enthusiastic and exciting team, working on dynamic projects really appealed to me. Also, having been a poacher turned gamekeeper, it’s rewarding helping our growers and clients.
If you could do anyone else’s job, who would it be and why?
As I’m interested in benchmarking, the consultants delivering Farm Business Management Services interests me. Consultants work with clients to offer financial analysis solutions tailored to individual business needs and farming type. Helping farmers to plan for the future with confidence in projects such as whole farm budgeting; annually appraising budgets against actual income and expenditure, helping businesses stay on track to meet financial targets.
What work (in your current role) are you most proud of and why?
Planning, organising and chairing the 26th annual SAC Association of Potato Producers (SACAPP) Conference. The theme this year was ‘safeguarding the future of the potato industry’ and it covered three main sub-topics; applied research projects, production improvements and plant protection innovation. We had international speakers from across the industry contributing to an unmissable event.
If you had one wish to better the industry, what would you wish for?
My one wish would be for more collaboration within the potato industry. Production is fiercely competitive, compounded by market pressures and long supply chains, this leads to uncertainty from one year to the next. Additionally, rising costs of production, land rents, changing disease pressure and reducing chemistry could all be tackled more effectively by joined-up thinking between different areas of industry and academia.
SAC Consulting Offices
Ayr
01292 525252 ayr@sac.co.uk
Balivanich
01870 602336 balivanich@sac.co.uk
Campbeltown
01586 552502 campbeltown@sac.co.uk
Cupar
01334 654055 cupar@sac.co.uk
Dumfries
01387 261172 dumfries@sac.co.uk
Edinburgh
0131 603 7520 edinburgh@sac.co.uk
Elgin
01343 548787 elgin@sac.co.uk
Forfar 01307 464033 forfar@sac.co.uk
Inverness
01463 233266 inverness@sac.co.uk
Kendal
01539 769059 kendal@sac.co.uk
Kirkwall
01856 872698 kirkwall@sac.co.uk
Lanark
01555 662562
lanark@sac.co.uk
Lerwick
01595 693520 lerwick@sac.co.uk
Oban
01631 563093 oban@sac.co.uk
Perth 01738 636611 perth@sac.co.uk
Portree 01478 612993 portree@sac.co.uk
St Boswells
01835 823322 stboswells@sac.co.uk
Stirling 01786 450964 stirling@sac.co.uk
Stonehaven
01569 762305 stonehaven@sac.co.uk
Stornoway
01851 703103 stornoway@sac.co.uk
Stranraer
01776 702649 stranraer@sac.co.uk
Thainstone
01467 625385 thainstone@sac.co.uk
Thurso 01847 892602 thurso@sac.co.uk
Turriff
01888 563333
turriff@sac.co.uk
