Southern Tides June 2020 by Southern Tides Magazine

Southern Tides all about the water

June 2020

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In the Tides CREW

Issue No. 58 / June 2020

Publisher/Editor Amy Thurman

7 Editor's Note

amy@southerntidesmagazine.com

The Bitter End Columnist Captain J. Gary "Gator" Hill

9 Around the Reef

theoriginalcaptaingator@gmail.com

11 Fishing News

Around the Reef Columnist Taylor O'Neill for Michelle Riley

13 GCC Introduces CRAB

michelle.riley@noaa.gov

15 2020 Hurricane Season

Consulting Naturalist John "Crawfish" Crawford

20 Marsh Tacky Magic

crawfish@uga.edu

Contributing Writers

24 Fort King George

Daniel Chapman US Fish and Wildlife Service

26 Give 'Em Space!

daniel_chapman@fws.gov

Josephine Johnson info@southerntidesmagazine.com

28 Sunk! 30 The Bitter End

Rick Lavender GADNR

rick.lavender@dnr.ga.gov

Tim Keyes GADNR

tim.keyes@dnr.ga.gov

All content herein is copyright protected and may not be reproduced in whole or part without express written permission. Southern Tides is a free magazine, published monthly, and can be found at multiple locations from St. Marys, Ga., to Beaufort, S.C.

(912) 484-3611 info@southerntidesmagazine.com www.SouthernTidesMagazine.com Visit us on social media: www.issuu.com/SouthernTidesMagazine.com Facebook.com/southern-tides-magazine Instagram @southerntides_mag Southern Tides Magazine is printed by Walton Press, Monroe, Ga.

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About the Cover:

Letters to the Editor:

A least tern feeding its chick on Little Tybee Island. See Give 'Em Space on page 26. Photo by Tim Keyes, GADNR

June 2020

Southern Tides Magazine

We love hearing from you! Questions, comments, ideas, or whatever you'd like to share, please do! Send your thoughts to any of our email addresses listed above. 5

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Editor’s Note

Downed lines during Hurricane Matthew left many without power for a week or longer, like this area on Wilmington Island. Are you ready?

Hurricane SEason

Photo by Amy Thurman

storm surge maps, where temporary shelters are set up, and whether or not they accept pets. The aftermath of every storm has found far too many abandoned pets (or worse). Plan ahead for your fur family. Please. Check with your marina now for their hurricane policies and incorporate that into your own home hurricane plan. Marina managers have their hands full with hundreds of boats and boat owners and leaving it to the last minute makes it harder for everyone involved. Our hurricane guide provides boat info, as does BoatUS: www.boatus.com/hurricanes/BoaterPrep.asp Start now, plan ahead, and be ready. If you have questions that you can’t easily find answers to, please email me and I’ll help you find the resources you need.

started this column several weeks ago after Tropical Storm Arthur formed in early May, and I’ve revised twice over the past couple weeks to include a second, Bertha, then a third named storm, Cristobal. All the forecast models predict a busier than average season, with a range of 13 – 22 named storms, eight hurricanes and four major storms expected. Yes, those are forecasts and we all know that what’s predicted and what actually happens are often vastly different things. But consider that since 2016 the actual storm activity for each season was either at the high end of predicted ranges, or exceeded them. Also consider that this season’s expected numbers are the highest in recent years. I also read back through previous issues and found this, from the June 2016 issue: As of this writing, we’ve had three named storms this year, two of which (Alex and Bonnie) occurred before the official start of Hurricane Season on June 1, followed by Colin in the first week of June. Sounds familiar. 2016 was predicted to be an average year, though it was slightly above average with 15 named storms, seven hurricanes and four major hurricanes. That was the year that Tropical Storm Hermine came through our area causing damage to several coastal marinas, wind damage and flooding all along the coast, then Hurricane Matthew came through a month later as a Category 2 storm, and did even more damage. I’m not trying to cause undue worry – but I am trying to get your attention and encourage you to plan. Now. As we’ve all seen with COVID-19, rushing out at the last minute to buy up everything in sight is problematic. Not only does that prevent others from having access to needed supplies, but you’re likely to get caught without things you may need. Make a list now and add a few items to your cart each time you shop. This is not only good planning, but also easier on your budget, and even more critical in today’s world, easier on the supply chain. There’s a lot more you can do now to prepare, so if we do get hit again, you’ll be safe and ready – see Hurricane Season 2020, starting on page 15. Our complete Hurricane Guide can be found on our website and downloaded. Visit www. southerntidesmagazine.com/hurricane. It makes good sense to check the National Hurricane Center on at least a weekly basis to see what’s going on. Even though August and September are peak months, there’s still the possibility of major early-season storms. Check your county’s emergency management agency for information specific to where you live. In most cases, everything east of I-95 is a mandatory evacuation zone in the event of even tropical storms, which can cause significant flooding in coastal areas. Learn what your county evacuation routes are, review June 2020

Southern Tides Magazine

See you out there!

Amy Thurman

Editor in Chief amy@southerntidesmagazine.com Want to help others in the event of a hurricane or other disaster? Consider volunteering for a disaster relief organization, like Team Rubicon. I’ve recently joined and am serving in the Savannah Metro area, which encompasses Chatham, Effingham, Bryan and Liberty counties, as well as Beaufort County in South Carolina. Team Rubicon has a dual mission of responding to disaster events, and helping Veterans reintegrate into civilian life. With multiple military installations in our coastal region it’s a natural fit. You’d be working alongside good men and women in whatever capacity you’re able to manage and helping folks in need, as well as our Vets. You can visit the website to learn more, and/or touch base with me. If you’re in Camden, Glynn or McIntosh counties, I’m happy to connect you to those area leaders as well.

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Around theReef By Taylor O'Neill Communications Intern Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary

ith big boats come big responsibilities. Safety being the most important responsibility. Each day working at Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary is filled with an exciting mix of new tasks and experiences. For Vessel Operations Coordinator Lieutenant Junior Grade (LTJG) Justin Miyano, days vary from research tasks to administrative management to safety training. Justin plays an essential role in the small boat operations at Gray’s Reef. At the same time, he serves as an officer in the NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps, usually referred to as NOAA Corps. To date, he has served one year in a three-year assignment at Gray’s Reef. Justin uses his NOAA Corps background to bring a “big ship and operations” perspective, while integrating his military training structure and status into Gray’s Reef, a small but mighty organization. Being born and raised in Japan, Justin brings a fresh point of view, creative thinking and out-of-the-box problem solving to the job. Justin is in charge of the sanctuary’s boats and works directly with the boat captain on operations. Gray’s Reef uses two state-of-the-art research vessels for research and diving; a 36-foot rigid hull inflatable boat (RHIB) named R/V Sam Gray and a 41-foot catamaran, R/V Joe Ferguson. While the captain is in charge of the vessel and the passengers on board, Justin’s role is more administrative. He ensures the vessel is safe and available for missions. Justin works as a support to the captain by ensuring the boats are meeting all the rules and regulations set by NOAA and serving as a liaison between the small boat program and site operations. Other administrative duties Justin is responsible for are documenting correct maintenance, scheduling, and reporting required inspections and equipment malfunctions on all the vessels. With Justin’s main responsibility being safety, he has the authority to take boats out of service that require repairs, conduct safety training, and make sure all diving equipment is working properly. Now and then the sanctuary needs special modifications on its boats, and Justin is the main person designated to work with marine engineers to modify the boat to maintain NOAA standards. Justin feels that any day spent working ashore or offshore at the sanctuary is a day filled with constant learning and interactive experiences, but the best part is that Gray’s Reef offers the opportunity to work underwater. Research days go from dawn to dusk to ensure maximum productivity. Many research days are spent at Gray’s Reef, with Justin’s main role being deckhand or first mate to the captain, but Justin also is a divemaster and often participates in science dives with Kim Roberson, the research coordinator and unit diving supervisor for Gray’s Reef. “Some of the coolest things I’ve seen down there are the large outcroppings that are bigger than people!” Justin went on to explain. “Some of the largest fish that I have ever seen have been at Gray’s Reef. That’s saying something, being from Japan. At fish markets in Japan, we regularly see the world’s largest and most valuable fish. Gray’s Reef really is an underwater paradise to me.”

Above left: Justin Miyano in uniform. Photo by Lee Ann Dileo/GRNMS Above Right: Miyano recording habitat height in the sanctuary. Photo by Alison Soss/GRNMS Left: The R/V Joe Ferguson, one of the boats Miyano oversees. Photo provided by GRNMS For Information contact Michelle Riley: (912) 598-2417 michelle.riley@noaa.gov June 2020

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Fishing News By Dan Chapman Public Affairs Specialist US Fish and Wildlife Service

aybe you’re still sheltering in place, working from home, unable to go to the gym or church. What do you do? Go fishing. Millions of Americans are doing just that — in eye-popping numbers. Cooped up, and without their usual recreational outlets, anglers have taken mightily to the mountain streams, reservoir lakes and coastal waters across the South. The U.S. Department of the Interior’s decision two years ago to expand hunting and fishing opportunities at the nation’s wildlife refuges and fish hatcheries seems particularly fortuitous. More federal lands and lakes will open this fall. “Here in the Southeast we love the great outdoors and now, more than ever, dropping a line is a perfect way to get out and experience the natural world,” said Leo Miranda, regional director for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the South Atlantic-Gulf and Mississippi Basin. “Not only does it soothe the soul, but fishing helps conserve the land and waters we love.” Some states, though, have imposed coronavirus restrictions on who can fish and where. Employees of state and federal fish hatcheries must also adhere to the stay-safe rules which can curtail restocking of trout and other species across the South. As the country recovers from the pandemic, though, fishing will likely remain an essential pastime. “We continue to operate as normal as we can in these unprecedented times,” said Brandon Simcox, river and streams coordinator for the Tennessee Wildlife Resource Agency. “And we’re encouraging folks to get outside; of course we want folks to be safe. But fishing is certainly a good way to do that social distancing.” Offering Even More Fishing Two years ago, the U.S. Department of Interior set about expanding hunting and fishing opportunities at the nation’s wildlife refuges and fish hatcheries. Last year, hunters and anglers gained more access to 10 refuges and two hatcheries across the South, a total of 125,000 additional acres. This year, the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) proposes to expand access on 22 refuges — and another 500,000 Southern acres. In addition, more than 110 new or expanded hunting and fishing opportunities — new species, acres, and times to hunt and fish — will be offered to more closely align federal and state rules. If approved, the new regulations will take effect this fall. The Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee refuge in south Florida, for example, is likely to open up another 108,000 acres for fishermen in boats without motors. Airboats will be allowed from July through November on nearly 14,000 acres. Frog lovers will be able to gig up to 50 frogs a day (per party) between July 16 and March 15. And most of the refuge will be open all day and night. “During the COVID-19 outbreak, we have seen more fishing because we are the only outdoor recreation area open in Palm Beach, Broward and Dade counties,” said Rolf Olson, the Loxahatchee June 2020

Southern Tides Magazine

A trout beauty at Wolf Creek National Fish Hatchery in Russell County, Ky. Photo provided by USFWS

refuge project leader. “We have always been popular for freshwater fishing. And now we’re offering even more types of fishing.” Just about every Southern state reports more anglers. Georgia wildlife officials say sales of fishing and hunting licenses were up 20 percent this April versus April 2019. And virtually every wildlife refuge in Georgia tallies significantly greater numbers of rodcarrying visitors. Banks Lake refuge near Valdosta, for example, boasts a tripling of fishers on weekends. (The refuge will also offer an alligator hunt this year for the first time.) The Service has waived entrance fees at all refuges and hatcheries for the foreseeable future. Tennessee has boosted hunt-fish licenses by $3 million this year. “That’s saying a lot since nonresident license sales have been greatly reduced this year — they’re a huge part of our total sales,” said Jenifer Wisniewski, communications chief for the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. “It’s great to see Tennesseans getting back to old habits and heading outdoors to go fishing.” Access to Good Fishing Holes James Gray supervises the six cold water hatcheries for the Service in the Southeast. The hatcheries — two in Arkansas and Tennessee, one each in Georgia and Kentucky — stocked 269,000 trout in March in state and federal waters. Last March, they stocked 425,000 brook, brown, cutthroat and rainbow trout. Blame the coronavirus for the drop-off. All states imposed some manner of lockdown on their citizens. Some governors closed state parks. Some restricted the sale of fishing licenses to out-of-staters. Some national parks and forests were shuttered. In addition, state natural resource agencies mandated hatchery-specific rules, including a prohibition on visitors, no stockings and strict work-at-home guidelines. As the world slowly reopens, the restrictions ease. And there’s still a lot of time left this year to fish. “By the end of the year, I feel we’ll be fairly close to all the stocking we did last year,” said Gray. The hatcheries stocked nearly 5 million trout in 2019. “A lot of that depends on the state agencies since they haul a good bit of the fish we produce at our hatcheries.” Fishing, though, is more than a recreational balm in a troubled time. Excise taxes anglers pay on rods, lures and other equipment helps the Service support sport fish habitat, wetlands conservation, fish stocking and research. “The conservation of Southern wild and natural places needs fishermen and women,” Miranda said. “The Service will do whatever it can to make sure they have access to good fishing holes.” For More Information: daniel.chapman@fws.gov www.fws.gov/southeast/ 11

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GCC Introduces CRAB

only the first phase of research and analyses. In the years to come, GCC members will continue collecting data and analyzing public information in order to rank the indicators based on trends in quality and management practices over time. Members of the public can learn more at: www.GeorgiaCoast.org. The GCC encourages the public to participate in online surveys about their experience exploring our coastal waterways, as well as a quiz to measure their environmental literacy. The data will be used to inform the next release of the CRAB dashboard, and everyone who completes a survey will be entered to win prizes. Surveys for the Altamaha, Satilla, and Savannah Rivers are available at GeorgiaCoast.org/Take-Action Today. To take the coastal literacy quiz, visit GeorgiaCoast.org/Coastal-LiteracySurvey. The Georgia Coast Collaborative launched in 2017 as a network of non-profit organizations working to address the challenges facing Georgia’s coast. The organizations that make up GCC include Altamaha Riverkeeper, Center for a Sustainable Coast, GeorgiaAlabama Land Trust, Georgia Conservancy, Ogeechee Riverkeeper, One Hundred Miles, Satilla Riverkeeper, Savannah Riverkeeper, Southern Environmental Law Center, St. Simons Land Trust, and The Nature Conservancy in Georgia. These organizations have dedicated full-time staff and programs promoting and protecting the special places, rivers, communities, and the significance of Georgia’s coast.

he Georgia Coast Collaborative (GCC) announces the launch of the Coastal Resource Asset Barometer (CRAB), an exciting new online tool at GeorgiaCoast.org. Using environmental and economic indicators, CRAB provides an annual snapshot of the natural and cultural resources that affect our quality of life. The dashboard includes indicators on the state of coastal Georgia’s working landcapes, coastal recreation, economic development, land conservation, and coastal literacy. Every year, agencies, non-profit organizations and private managers invest a great deal of time and energy into research and data collection to inform local management decisions and measure the impacts of the many threats facing our coast. “Publicly available data sets can be used to express the value our natural resources have on a healthy economy,” said Susan Inman of the Altamaha Riverkeeper. “Our research teases out the regional statistics to inform local and personal decisions that impact our local economies.” “Everyone living in and visiting our coastal communities share a vision for the future where the quality of life along Georgia’s coast is secure,” adds Megan Desrosiers, CEO of One Hundred Miles. “Researchers, students, and citizens now have one place to go to investigate the indicators that can help us learn more about the health of our coast and the link between our economy and the ecosystems upon which we all depend.” “The interactive maps and info-graphics on the website are designed to help residents and visitors visualize where and what types of water and land spaces are available to them,” said Laura Early, Satilla Riverkeeper. “Getting more people out into the coastal environment through managed access points helps build that ethic of conservation we need to sustain these special places.” CRAB was made possible through the generous support of the R. Howard Dobbs, Jr. Foundation. The launch of CRAB is June 2020

Southern Tides Magazine

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2020 HURRICANE SEASON By Amy Thurman Another hurricane season has begun, and all the major forecasting agencies are predicting more activity than average this year. Annual season averages are 12 named storms, six hurricanes and three major hurricanes, while the prediction ranges for 2020 are 18 to 22 named storms, 6 to 11 hurricanes, and 3 – 6 major hurricanes. The probability of at least one major hurricane hitting the East Coast this season is 46%. The average probability is 31%. Though as anyone who’s been through a major storm can attest, it only takes one hurricane to make it a bad hurricane season. Looking back over the past five hurricane seasons is interesting. While not a sufficient time span to be considered any sort of scientific model, there are still points of significance. (For the sake of discussion, we’re only looking at 2015 to present.) Looking at the forecasted numbers vs. what actually happened each year shows that actual storms landed at the higher end of the prediction range each year, with the exception of 2019, which exceeded the predicted range. A range of 9-16 named storms were predicted by the three forecasting agencies we follow, yet there were 18 named storms in 2019. Pre-season storms (prior to June 1) aren’t very common, but there has been at least one pre-season storm each of the past five years, and in 2016, the year of TS Hermine and Hurricane Matthew, there were three named storms before the start of the season – Alex, Bonnie and Colin. Three named storms prior to the start of this year’s season does not mean we’re in for a season similar to 2016, but it does bring an eerie sense of déjà vu. 2015 was the last year Georgia saw no hurricane activity at all. In 2016, five named storms passed through or came near the Georgia/Carolina coastal area: Bonnie, Colin, Hermine, Julia and Matthew. Hermine, although only a tropical storm by the time it reached our area and was inland rather than directly over the coastal region of Georgia, did significant damage. It was overshadowed by far greater damage from Hurricane Matthew only a month later. In 2017 Irma was predicted to follow Matthew’s path but tracked further west with each passing day. We still saw significant damage from tropical storm-force winds, rain and flooding in the coastal area. 2018 saw threats from Michael (in Ga.) and Florence (in S.C.), though they skirted around our sections of the coast, they both still did heavy damage in other areas of each state. Dorian was the biggest threat of 2019, after stalling over the Bahamas it tracked along the coasts of Florida, Georgia and the Carolinas. It sustained hurricane strength throughout, though was far enough offshore in our area that we didn’t see the widespread damage we saw with Matthew. North Carolina was not as lucky. We don’t know what 2020 will hold for our coastal region, but now is the time to start preparing for whatever may come. Here are some tips to get you started. Don’t put it off until a storm has been named – we’ve all seen what last minute runs on the stores can do to the supply chain. Start now, if you haven’t already. The Southern Tides full hurricane guide can be found on our website and downloaded or printed. www.southerntidesmagazine.com/hurricane. All information found herein are suggested guidelines only. 2020 Forecast NOAA CSU

NCSU

Named

13-19

Hurricanes

6-10

Major Hurricanes

3-6

2019 Forecast vs. Actual Actual

NOAA

CSU

NCSU

18-22

9-15

8-11

4-8

3-5

2-4

2017 Forecast vs. Actual

Actual

NOAA

CSU

NCSU

Actual

13-16

10-16

14-18

5-7

5-9

7-11

2-3

1-4

3-5

2016 Forecast vs. Actual

NOAA CSU

NCSU

Actual

NOAA

CSU

NCSU

11-17

11-15

10-16

Hurricanes

5-9

4-6

4-8

Major Hurricanes

2-4

1-3

1-4

Named Storms

2018 Forecast vs. Actual

2015 Forecast vs. Actual

Actual

NOAA

15-18

6-11

8-11

3-5

CSU

NCSU

Actual

4-6

3-6

1-3

0-2

Chart Explanations: CSU - Colorado State University's Tropical Weather department; NCSU - North Carolina State University; Major hurricanes = Category 3 or higher. June 2020

Southern Tides Magazine

2020 Hurricane Names Arthur Bertha Cristobal Dolly Edouard Fay Gonzalo

Hanna Isaias Josephine Kyle Laura Marco Nana

Omar Paulette Rene Sally Teddy Vicky Wilfred

If more than 21 named storms occur in the season, the Greek Alphabet will be used.

Ga. Evacuation Zones

General Safety Tips • Remember that even tropical storms can do serious damage. • Leave prior to an evacuation order if at all possible. • If you live in a mobile home, evacuate, no matter what. • Never drive on flooded roads or walk through flood water. • Keep a close eye out for downed power lines at all times. • Stay away from windows and doors when wind speeds increase. • Do not use candles or other sources of open flame for light when the power is out. • Discard any refrigerated food that is questionable after a power outage; assume all food touched by flood waters is contaminated and discard it. • Don’t allow your pets to eat or drink anything found outside after a storm. • Do not drink tap water during or after a storm until water restrictions have been lifted. • Do not attempt to re-enter an evacuation zone until restrictions have been lifted. • Attempt to help anyone in need, but do not move injured persons. • Monitor local weather for tornado warnings and storm updates. • Do not operate a generator indoors or near open windows and doors. • Do not attempt to connect a generator directly to your electrical panel. • Turn off items that draw a lot of power (such as air conditioners) before power goes out. • Use caution when operating a chain saw, hand saw, or ax to remove debris, and when climing ladders. • Do not use a grill indoors. • Stay hydrated and take care not to get overheated during clean-up. • Wear gloves, boots, safety glasses and sunscreen during clean-up.

Where Will You Go? Determine your options now in case you need to go later. Friends or Family Outside the Coastal Area

Contact them now and make certain they’ll be able to open their home to you on short notice. Remember, you don't have to go far, just outside potential evacuation zones and the storm's path. Shorter evacuation routes means less time on the road and less traffic.

An Inland Hotel

Start with a list of three hotels near evacuation routes, and have a list as well of three or more hotels a good distance off evacuation routes. Choose hotels that will fit your budget and begin putting aside funds now for that possibility. If you have pets, visit www.pet-friendly-hotels.net, which has a map search feature.

Coastal Georgia now has three evacuation zones, A, B and C. Most of Zone A is east of I-95. Although the zones were largely determined by flood potential, other factors were used as well. If an evacuation order is issued for your zone, it's imperative that you leave.

Airbnb

www.airbnb.com is a home-sharing community through which individuals can offer space in their home to travelers for a fee, similar to the way a regular B & B inn would work. In the event of a disaster, Airbnb will activate their disaster response program and contact hosts both in and near the affected area to see if they’d like to offer their space at no charge, to evacuees or disaster workers. Anyone can register and offer their home or register and request lodging. Visit www.airbnb.com/openhomes/disaster-relief to learn more about the program.

Red Cross Shelters

Evacuation Routes In Georgia

Visit www.dot.ga.gov/DS/Emergency/Hurricane. The map near the bottom of the page shows multiple evacuation routes.

In Beaufort, SC

Visit https://bit.ly/beaufort_evac for your route.

Shelters will be opened along evacuation routes, typically four hours after an evacuation notice has been issued. This should be considered a last resort. If you are unable to evacuate on your own and need assistance, please register NOW with the Georgia Hurricane Registry: www.gachd.org/emergency-prep/residents_ with_special_needs_1/ or call (833) 243-7344 If you simply can’t evacuate, invest in a generator now and learn to prepare your family and home to withstand a storm. Emergency Services will not be available you will be on your own. For more on sheltering in place, see our full guide at www. southerntidesmagazine.com/hurricane.

Plan Now!

SouthernTidesMagazine.com/hurricane 16

Southern Tides Magazine

June 2020

Prepare Your Home/Property

Hurricane Kit

Taking care of these tasks now can save time and added expense in the days before a storm. ☐ Learn the elevation of your home

☐ Water

At least a three-day supply (preferably seven); one gallon, per person, per day. Don’t forget drinking water for your pets.

☐ Food

Flooding is a major destructive force during hurricanes. Visit viewer.nationalmap.gov/theme/elevation/ to find your home's elevation. Make plans to secure your home and property.

At least three, preferably seven days of food for each person in your household. (Check out our guide online for food suggestions.)

☐ Seal any leaks in your roof ☐ Trim dead limbs and shrubbery

☐ Manual can opener with bottle opener ☐ Disposable kitchenware

Continue to monitor throughout season, but do not trim once a storm is imminent unless you have a way to dispose of the debris – loose piles of dead limbs and yard waste can cause damage during heavy winds.

Paper/plastic items (plates, cups, bowls, utensils, paper towels), sealable plastic bags, foil, and disposiable aluminum pans for cooking on the grill, in the event the water is off or use is restricted and dishes can't be safely washed.

☐ Learn how to turn off your utilities ☐ Purchase materials to cover your windows

☐ Bleach (unscented) and a medicine dropper

To disinfect questionable water, add six drops of bleach per gallon of water, stir, then let stand 30 minutes. (Still may not be safe for drinking!)

Store in a dry location (storm shutters or ½-inch plywood and 2 ½-inch screws). Mark each board as to what window it goes to, pre-drill holes for screws every 18 inches.

☐ Pillow and blanket or sleeping bag, one per person ☐ Change of clothes and sturdy, comfortable shoes ☐ Rain gear ☐ First aid kit and first aid manual ☐ Prescription medications (at least a two-week supply) ☐ Toiletries for each person ☐ Hand sanitizer and wipes ☐ Toilet paper ☐ Sunscreen and insect repellent ☐ Flashlights and extra batteries ☐ Battery operated or hand-crank radio (VHF radio is great!) ☐ Battery chargers and cords for cell phones, for car and house ☐ Pet supplies (See Pet Planning) ☐ Tool kit

☐ Consider installing roof tie-down straps ☐ Service your generator (or purchase one)

Even if you evacuate, power may still be out for some time after you’ve returned home. Have a plan for what appliances will be powered and how cords will be run (do not wire generator directly into electrical panel); use caution to avoid creating a fire hazard. Store a copy of your generator manual with your insurance documents. Begin stocking up on ethanol-free fuel (and oil, if needed). Start and run your generator quarterly. See Generator Operation & Safety in our hurricane guide SouthernTidesMagazine.com/ hurricane.

☐Create a home inventory

Make a list of your home’s contents and take photos of valuables, including yard and garage (update as you make new purchases). Store list and images with your homeowners or renter’s insurance policy.

☐Review your homeowners or renters insurance

Talk with your insurance agent to understand your insurance coverage levels and deductibles; ask if your deductible can increase due to hurricane damage and ask about roof replacement as some policies have special stipulations. Purchase flood insurance.

Standard hand tools including a hammer, nails, screwdrivers, saw, hatchet, crowbar, multi-tool, rope, tarp, duct tape, and heavy gloves, at a minimum.

☐ Vehicle supplies

☐ Plan where you’ll park/store vehicles (including boat) ☐ Plan where you’ll store patio furniture and other outdoor items ☐ Have vehicle serviced and oil changed, inspect spare tire ☐ Plan what you’ll do with food in your refrigerator and freezer

Five-gallon gas can, extra oil, jumper cables, jack, tire iron, spare tire, map or road atlas (in case of lost signal), spare keys, Fix-a-flat, white distress flag.

☐ Plastic trash bags (and ties if needed) ☐ Charcoal or propane for your grill

☐ Fire extinguisher ☐ Matches in a waterproof container and disposable lighters ☐ Entertainment

More Pre-Planning

Books, cards, board games, things to alleviate boredom, and quiet toys to keep children occupied and distracted.

☐ Identification and proof of residence ☐ Copies of important documents ☐ Specialty items

☐ Build an emergency kit

Or check your existing kit for any expired items or things that need to be rotated out.

☐ Gather your important documents

Any items needed for infants, small children, medical needs, or items such as contact lens or hearing aid batteries.

This is more time consuming than you might think.

☐ Plan for important family keepsakes/heirlooms

There simply isn’t room to take everything in your home when you evacuate. Plan how you’ll handle items like photo albums, antiques, and other valuables you can’t easily replace, such as placing them on the top shelf of a closet or other elevated location, in case of flooding.

Packing & Storage Tips

☐ Begin saving water storage containers

• Plastic storage containers stack easily and can be sealed with duct tape if at risk of getting wet.

Two-liter soda bottles are easy to sanitize (unlike milk jugs). Clean and allow to air dry, then store in an out of the way place (under your bed, for example). After a storm, stored water can be used to wash hands, do dishes, and light cleaning.

• Provide each family member with an overnight soft-sided duffle for their clothing, toiletries and entertainment items. Hard-sided luggage is harder to squeeze into a tightly packed vehicle.

☐ Plan for your pets

Make sure their shots are current (pet shelters won’t accept animals without proof of vaccinations). Make sure you have all needed equipment (travel crates, collars with tags, leashes, etc.). Take a current photo of your pet for identification purposes. (See Planning for your Pets)

• Group like items for ease of finding what you need, such as nonperishable foods with disposable kitchenware. • All food items should be rotated out to avoid spoilage waste. Use and replace before expiration.

☐ Assist others with their plans

Check with friends, family and neighbors and offer to help them formulate a plan.

June 2020

Southern Tides Magazine

Important Documents

Before the Storm - Final Prep

• Gather all applicable documents for all family members • Scan and save to a secure online storage site • Make paper copies and a flash drive to keep with you (consider making a household binder for storage and easy access of all documents) • Store originals in a safe location, such as a safe deposit box or fire safe

WHEN A STORM HAS BEEN NAMED

☐ Monitor hurricane updates at the National Hurricane Center (NHC): www.nhc.noaa.gov. ☐ Review all hurricane plans and finalize any last minute details you might have missed in early planning. ☐ Double check your hurricane kit and pick up anything you still need.

☐ Identification

Driver’s license, employee ID, military ID, passport, birth certificate, social security card, weapons permits, or any other official identification.

☐ Touch base with the family/friends you’ll be staying with to let them know

☐ Medical Information

a potential arrival date/time. ☐ Withdraw cash – ATMs and card processing machines will be down when power is out. ☐ Check oil and tires, wiper blades, and fill gas tank on all vehicles that will be used to evacuate. ☐ Clean gutters, check trees for dead limbs and remove (if they can be disposed of prior to storm). ☐ Double check flashlights to make sure all have working batteries. ☐ Start and run generator to make sure all is in good working order, refill gas cans with ethanol-free fuel as needed. ☐ Check to be sure bathtubs hold water without leaking. If they leak, dry area thoroughly and duct tape liberally around plug to be sure you can seal tubs prior to your departure. Water may not be on when you return. ☐ Gather your evacuation list items and put them in one spot for easy loading. ☐ Move your boat and other recreational vehicles to the safe location you determined prior to hurricane season.

List of healthcare providers and contact information, pharmacy contacts, medications list, immunization records (for pets, too), eyeglass/contact prescriptions, and health insurance information.

☐ Residence/Property Information

Property deed, lease or rental agreement, list of all utility companies with contact information and account numbers, property appraisals, household inventory with photos, photos of the exterior of your home prior to the storm, and homeowners or rental insurance policies.

☐ Legal Documents

Marriage certificate, military documents (including DD-214), current will, advance directive or living will, power of attorney forms, vehicle titles, adoption paperwork, any other legal contracts.

☐ Financial Records

Recent bank statements with account and routing numbers, checkbooks and savings books, stocks, bonds, a list of all personal bills with contact information and account numbers, tax returns, any other financial statements or records.

☐ Additional Insurance Policies

Life insurance, boat coverage, any other insurance policies you may hold, account numbers, and agent contact information.

WHEN A HURRICANE WATCH HAS BEEN ISSUED

☐ Continue to monitor the NHC for storm updates, also pay attention to

local news broadcasts for evacuation information. ☐ Confirm your evacuation destination if staying with family/friends, or make hotel or Airbnb reservations. ☐ Charge all electronics and use only when necessary. ☐ Fill sandbags and put in place if flooding is a risk. ☐ Board up windows with pre-drilled boards. ☐ If the storm shows no sign of turning away, begin evacuation as soon as possible, even if official order hasn’t been given, to minimize traffic congestion.

Plan for Your Pets There are several evacuation options for pet owners (service animals are not restricted in shelters or most hotels): • Family or friends who can accommodate your pets. • Pet-friendly hotels – www.pet-friendly-hotels.net is a great site that allows you to search by state, then by city, then using a map so you can search near your evacuation route. • Boarding facilities may be available in the area you plan to evacuate to. Research options in that area and be sure you can visit your pets while they’re boarded. • Pet shelters will be established near Red Cross evacuation shelters and will be publicized when evacuation orders are issued. ☐ Locate a vet in the area you’ll be evacuating to, in case of emergency while you’re away from home. ☐ Get a copy of your pet's current vaccinations. ☐ Have a current identification tag made for your pet’s collar or harness, with your pet’s name, any important facts (blind, deaf, etc.), your name, and contact phone numbers. Also keep a record of any micro-chip information, shot records, and a current photo of your pet with your important documents. When gathering your own hurricane supplies, include the following for your pets: ☐ Food and water for at least a week, preferably two, and their dishes ☐ Any medications, flea prevention, or vitamins ☐ Treats, toys and blankets for comfort ☐ Collars or harnesses and leashes ☐ Grooming needs such as brushes and shampoo ☐ Litter, litter box, and waste disposal bags (for at least a week) ☐ A crate or carrier large enough for your pet to stand up and turn around in, and a dog bed ☐ A pet first aid kit (talk with your vet about what might be needed) ☐ Extra towels Do your best to keep your pet calm during evacuation preparations, travel, and your stay in an unfamiliar location. Treats and toys will help. Some animals sense changes in the barometric pressure and/or are afraid of severe weather. If this is the case, talk with your vet about options, including a mild sedative or herbal remedy if their fear is extreme.

WHEN A HURRICANE WARNING HAS BEEN ISSUED

☐ Continue to monitor the NHC for storm updates, also pay attention to local news broadcasts for evacuation information. ☐ Move all outdoor items to a secure location in a garage or basement. ☐ Fill water containers and bathtubs; put a manageable bucket in each bathroom in case water is not restored when you return home. ☐ Charge all electronics. ☐ Remove all food from refrigerator and freezer to avoid spoilage when power is lost. ☐ Load vehicle with hurricane kit; keep a cooler handy with water and snacks for the drive. ☐ Move valuables and family heirlooms according to your plan. ☐ Unplug household appliances and electronics. ☐ Disconnect or turn off utilities if possible. ☐ Make sure all pets are loaded in vehicle, then lock house behind you.

Weather Monitoring Resources National Hurricane Center: www.nhc.noaa.gov Weather Underground: www.wunderground.com/hurricane Weather Channel: weather.com/storms/hurricane-central Also monitor your local TV and radio news for local flood alerts, rain and wind advisories, and evacuation information. 18

Southern Tides Magazine

June 2020

Preparing Your Boat Any damage caused by your boat is your responsibility, to include hitting other boats, damage to docks, fuel spill clean-up, or boats that sink and must be salvaged. It’s important to understand your insurance coverage, secure your boat properly, and take every precaution to prevent damage to other property. As with home preparations, many tasks can be completed now to save time and expense later in the season.

Do Now ☐ Review your boat insurance policy and revise if necessary

Consider a rider to your policy that covers salvage, recovery and environmental impact. Most standard policies do not include this. If you aren’t certain your policy is sufficient, BoatU.S. will review it and advise you of discrepancies, at no charge.

☐ Update your contact information with your marina

Make certain they have your current home, work and cell phone numbers, email address, and emergency contacts. Update immediately if your information changes during the season.

☐ Determine where you'll move your boat

• Talk with your marina about their hurricane plan. • Dry storage and trailered boats should be moved inland to a secure location. Boats kept in the water can be hauled and moved inland, or moved to a hurricane hole. If you opt to go this route, make certain you know how long it will take to move your boat and secure it - and how to do so properly.

☐ Inspect your vessel now

Make any structural repairs that may be further compromised during severe weather, check all cleats for stability and repair as needed.

☐ Inspect your equipment

Make sure you have a sufficient number of anchors, extra lines, fenders, and chafe protection.

☐ Make a list of items to be removed before a storm

Loose or unsecured items should be removed prior to a storm. Making a list now will prevent confusion or missed items at the last minute. Fishing gear, outriggers, sails, cushions, coolers, awnings or biminis, electronics and other valuables, and any items below deck that could come loose and cause damage. Also list anything that will need to be lashed down or otherwise secured.

☐ Put together a boat information packet

Include your boat insurance policy, boat registration, photos of the boat from multiple angles, a gear inventory, your marina dockage/storage agreement, towing contract, and key phone numbers, such as your insurance agent, towing company, local Coast Guard station, and marina. Scan and save all information with your other important papers and make a print copy to keep on the boat in a dry locker.

☐ During the season, keep batteries charged, fuel topped off, and start your motor regularly so there are no last minute surprises.

When a Storm is Approaching

Reducing Risk at the Dock

Take these steps when a storm is in the Atlantic or the Gulf of Mexico and a watch seems imminent - do not wait until a watch has been issued. ☐ Secure your boat

If you must keep your boat docked, understand that you will be responsible for any damages caused by your vessel if it breaks free, rams or rubs nearby boats, or damages the dock – which can be extensive. Also note that most pilings in our area are not of sufficient height to withstand the full potential storm surge for our area. During Hurricane Matthew, many area docks came close to the tops of pilings. A Category 2 or higher storm, during high tide, could cause many area docks to lift completely off the pilings and float away, with your boat attached. Please take the following precautions: ☐ Make sure all cleats (boat and dock) are firmly bolted in place with no play. ☐ Check all lines for wear spots that may weaken and break during heavy wind and rough seas and replace them. Make sure all fenders are properly inflated and all chafing gear is secured. ☐ Allow sufficient distance between your boat and any boats around it. ☐ Be certain your knots are tied properly and securely. ☐ Proper line placement guides (along with other helpful tips) here: www. boatus.com/hurricanes/HurricaneWarning.pdf. NOTE: Lines tied too tightly can cause as much damage as those tied too loosely. Research the proper way to secure a boat (with more focus on spring lines).

Using your list, remove all loose gear and store at home, lash down anything else that may come loose and cause damage during heavy winds and seas.

☐ Initiate your boat hurricane plan

If you live aboard or keep your boat docked at a marina, act now on your plan to either haul your boat or move it to a hurricane hole and secure it. For more on this, visit: http://www.boatus.com/magazine/archives/hurricane-hole. asp NEVER stay aboard during a tropical storm or hurricane.

☐ Contact your marina now

If you store your boat at a marina, contact them now and ask to be placed on their haulout schedule or to be lifted onto your trailer. As soon as that takes place, move your boat.

☐ Secure your boat against water damage

Remove cowls and covering any openings (such as where electronics are housed) with duct tape. Tape around hatches, lockers, and ports. If storing out of the water, remove drain plug. If storing in water, be certain all drains are clear of debris and secure any items that might slide and block drains.

After the Storm • If you store your boat in a marina, contact them by phone or email before attempting to return your boat or go check on it. They may be contending with damage and need to keep the area clear. Allow them to return to normal operations rather than adding to the chaos. • If you stored your boat inland, wait until travel is unrestricted and evacuation areas are fully open before attempting to travel to your boat or return it to your home or marina. • If you secured your boat in a hurricane hole, use caution when attempting to reach it – water bottoms may have shifted, floating and underwater debris may present unseen hazards, and watch for downed power lines near small creeks or damaged bridges. Pay attention to small craft advisories and check with the Coast Guard or your area marine patrol to be sure the area is safe. • If your boat has taken on water, do not attempt to board and salvage the boat yourself. Secure it without boarding if possible and contact a local salvage or dive company that specializes in safely refloating vessels. • For more information visit: www.boatus.com/hurricanes/after.asp

June 2020

Southern Tides Magazine

Marsh Tacky Magic Back from the Brink By Josephine Johnson Contributing Writer

ooks like you’re ready to ride,” says Erica Veit, executive director of the Daufuskie Marsh Tacky Society. The young rider smiles. She is clad in purple helmet and bright crimson cowgirl boots. “Let’s get you set up on Roxy, and we’ll hit that trail soon,” Veit tells her. The young girl, seven-year-old Kyker Jones, of Jonesborough, Tenn., gives a thumbs up, another big grin, and waits patiently for her mount. She and her older brother, Kane, are about to go on their very first horse adventure deep in the Spanish moss, palmetto, and live oak wilds of Daufuskie Island, S.C. The horses they’ll ride aren’t just any quarter horse trail mix. These animals are Carolina marsh tackies, native to South Carolina’s lowcountry with bloodlines reaching back to the 1500s and the Golden Age of Spain. Kyker and Kane are saddling up in the paddock of the Daufuskie Marsh Tacky Society, a breed-conservation non-profit launched in

2015 whose mission is to promote these special horses within the lowcountry and beyond. “The Marsh Tacky is a living piece of history,” explains Veit, “They are genetically unique and classified as a breed related to other colonial Spanish horses like the Florida cracker horse, North Carolina’s banker horse, and even Spanish mustangs out west. There’re about 400 marsh tackies in existence, and it’s only here on Daufuskie that you’ll find them in their native context.” And then after minor girth and stirrup adjustments, Kyker and Kane’s horses are fully saddled, and Veit leads her two young charges into Daufuskie’s dense forests and marshlands. The Carolina marsh tackies are the result of 400 years of isolation in South Carolina’s lowcountry islands. Their ancestors were drop-offs and runaways from the Spanish who once occupied St. Elena, now Parris Island, S.C. Time, seclusion, and unique genetics forged a breed specifically suited for this beautiful albeit hot, humid, swampy place. Marsh tackies are stocky, exceptionally sure-footed, cheerful, responsive, and very social. From the mid-1500s, a tenacious population of diminutive Spanish horses grew to become the lowcountry’s powerful working backbone. Chickasaw, Creek, and Chocktaw people were among the earliest to domesticate, use, and trade them. Marsh tackies were also the preferred breed during the Revolutionary War. General Francis Marion—the “Swamp Fox”—outwitted the Brits by successfully maneuvering through the South’s murky bogs on marsh tacky mounts. These horses were also indispensable to the Gullah community—from the Civil War and into the 1960s—as they were many families’ primary tool for pulling, plowing, and all things agricultural. But with the advent of the car and 20th century technology, marsh tackies were used less and less on the islands. In the 1990s some believed them extinct entirely. But just enough of these unique horses remained so that some savvy scientists finally determined just how special the horses are. In 2006, a research team from Virginia Tech began untangling the animals’ genetics. After a couple of seasons, they deemed the

Above: Kyker Jones waiting patiently with Roxy for their trail ride. Top Right: Kane Jones sitting comfortably in the saddle. Photos by Josephine Johnson 20

Southern Tides Magazine

June 2020

members and benefactors. In 2015 she co-founded the Daufuskie Marsh Tacky Society with her partner Tony Geyston. “Pieces just began falling into place,” remembers Veit. “We were blessed to lease property from Wic Scurry right across from Freeport Marina. It’s where most visitors land when they get to Daufuskie, and we are very visible in this location. Plus, Tony is in construction, and he built the barn and all the fencing.” In their founding year Veit and Geyston also purchased a couple marsh tacky horses. Lucero, a four-month old stallion, and Reina a one-year old filly. Since then they have grown a healthy herd of nine, with two more foals on the way. “My proudest moments so far have been the births of Mateo and Estalita,” recalls Veit. “During hurricane Matthew our little stallion Lucero got busy with two older mares we had. When Estalita was born, she was the first marsh tacky born on Daufuskie Island in at least fifty years. Mateo, the colt, followed six days later.” As their herd continues to expand and the organization grows, they’re on the lookout for more space. Thanks to a very generous supporter, they may have just found the organization’s forever home. A couple years ago, Veit conducted a letter -writing campaign in support of the horses and organization. The Selmont family responded. Above: Stuart Shapiro with daughter Blair, making a new friend. Photo by Josephine Johnson Right: Tony leads this group into a corral. Photo by Erica Veit

Carolina marsh tacky—at the time roughly 150 individuals—as its own breed descended from colonial Spanish horses. And with so few remaining, the Livestock Conservancy and Equus Survival Trust quickly designated the marsh tacky horse a critically endangered species. What makes these horses so extraordinary is that though their Spanish bloodline no longer exists in Spain, it does remain surprisingly pure among these horses in South Carolina. Essentially, marsh tackies are a genetic portal reaching back more than 400 years into equine breeding. That, coupled with the fact that these horses have been isolated and breeding together in a unique environment means that they have specific traits and adaptations for surviving and thriving in the swamps, pluff mud, and beaches of the sea islands. In 2010, South Carolina named the marsh tacky its official state heritage horse. Though still critically endangered, there are now over 400 registered Carolina marsh tacky horses in the United States. In 2013, Erica Veit, a life-long equestrienne and trainer, was working for an equine organization on Daufuskie Island. She knew about marsh tackies and liked the breed but got her big opportunity to work with them when she stepped up to organize a race specifically for the horses on Daufuskie Island. “The Carolina Marsh Tacky Association was looking for a venue to host their 5th annual Marsh Tacky Beach Race,” recalls Veit. “It was this amazing convergence of marsh tacky riders and supporters from all over South Carolina. Some people came from Greenville, Rock Hill, four and five hours away, and then we loaded up the horses on barges and brought them and everyone over to Daufuskie. The island was packed!” In just under two months, Veit organized and promoted the first-ever Marsh Tacky Beach Race on Daufuskie Island. Veit was smitten with the breed and the people dedicated to keeping the horses a significant part of American and South Carolina heritage. With a background in marketing and non-profit management, Veit was poised to launch her own organization in support of the breed. And so, within the Daufuskie community she found board June 2020

Southern Tides Magazine

“This is a great story,” said Veit. “Jesse Selmont bought a property on Zillow after a couple glasses of wine and dreaming of island life. It’s a traditional Gullah-type house, a very simple, one-story home. But he and his wife, who live in Florida, realized the wine did the shopping and that they wouldn’t be on Daufuskie enough to really use it and the seven surrounding acres. We now have a 99-year lease from them for the property, and it is the official headquarters of the Daufuskie Marsh Tacky Society. It’s the horses’ forever home here on the Island.” As Veit and Geyston move forward they acknowledge education as their primary mission. “We have an open-door barn policy, access for all,” said Geyston, “These horses are an important part of American history, and our educational component and awareness of our state is everything.” The Daufuskie Marsh Tacky Society offers an array of opportunities for people—both locals and visitors—to get to know the horses. Veit teaches lessons and offers trail rides daily. Plus, there are opportunities for interns and volunteers. Some people even 21

come to the barn just to pet and talk to the horses. “These horses are descended from the smallest Spanish horses that could fit within galleon ships and survive on the least amount of food. Tacky is slang for ‘common!’” And now, here on Daufuskie Island, they’ve adapted to our muggy, buggy, swampy, climate— with a happy disposition—and for that they are prized. They’re anything but common, though. Marsh Tackies are exceptional and embody the can-do, underdog spirit of Daufuskie and the sea islands of South Carolina.

Daufuskie Marsh Tacky Society

Horseback riding and equine education 281 Old Haig Point Road, Daufuskie Island, South Carolina Book at least a day in advance. Most rides are typically two hours. Beach rides only in winter due to sea turtle habitat protection. Bring bug spray and sunscreen. www.daufuskiemarshtackysociety.org daufuskiemarshtackysociety@gmail.com (843) 368-3636

Left: Erica and Tony on a trail ride. Photo provided by Daufuskie Marsh Tacky Society

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Fort King George TheFirst Outpost Article and Photos By Captain J. Gary "Gator" Hill

s many of us have been taught, Savannah is Georgia’s first city. While that is true, it was not Britain’s first outpost in what would later become the 13th colony here in the new world. On February 12, 1733 General James Oglethorpe arrived at the Yamacraw bluff, on what would later become River Street and Bay Street. However, prior to that, Britain had already constructed a fortification in its southernmost holdings of the Carolina’s, called Fort King George. From the early 1500s Spain had already made great progress in settling the deep south. The area we call Georgia today was referred to by the Spanish as, Guale (pronounced Wallee) after the First Nations people living in the region. The Carolina’s, having rich agriculture potential, were always under the threat of Spanish incursion. So, by 1721 under the directions of Colonial Governor Sir Francis Nicholson and Colonel John Barnwell construction was started. Early records show from 1721 to 1723 work had been sanctioned and building had begun and the first troops to occupy the fort were put into motion. Although the original soldiers requested by “Tuscarora Jack” Barnwell were to be fit, young and spry, this did not end up being the case. Instead, he was sent 100 men from the Royal Hospital in Chelsea England. Older, medically retired and other retired (what were called in/out pensioners) were deemed suitable for duty. So, in 1721, 100 privates and a handful of officers set out from England and arrived in Port Royal. However, many arrived in even poorer health from the voyage having contracted either malaria or scurvy. They spent the remained of 1721 in Port Royal and in 1722 the survivor’s set out for their new home – and for many their last. This would also be the final duty assignment for Colonel Barnwell who would perish due to hardships of the Fort King George duty assignment. The location for Fort King George is on the north bank of the Altamaha River basin, which is a strategic location both

Fort King George sits three miles east of Sapelo Island on the banks of the Altamaha River.

militarily, as well as economically. Water allows easy and fast access to the interior and the coast for troop movement and to head off Spanish incursions, as well as what would become a thriving lumber industry. Though primarily a fortification, a sawmill was soon established serving a dual role, first in producing lumber to construct the fort, and second as a financial venture in processing raw lumber for sale. The fort is not a typical brick and mortar style in the grand scale like Forts Frederica, Pulaski, or Oglethorpe (better known today as Old Fort Jackson), nor was it an earthworks construction like Fort McAllister. It might be better described as frontier style: a combination of wooden palisades in portions, as well as reinforced earthworks in others. Though the original fort is long gone, a reproduction has been faithfully constructed; according to records an original drawing was obtained with a hand-drawn layout by none other Colonel “Tuscarora Jack” himself. The main building for defense is referred to as the “blockhouse,” measuring some 26 x 26 feet, laid out on three levels. Other structures include corner watchtowers, a long barracks for the enlisted, officer’s quarters, privies, a forge and other outlying structures. There is also a dock for the fort’s various small boats that were used to patrol the area. The blockhouse, as mentioned is three levels, the lowermost was for powder and shot and other supplies as well as what looked like the capability of fielding eight pieces of artillery. The second level was for the infantry to fire muskets. Gun slits line each of the four sides allowing multiple locations to fire at the enemy. The third level was the observation post, with captivating views both southward towards the Altamaha and north back towards Savannah. Fort King George had its share of hardships, in part due to being in a subtropical and marsh environment. Malaria was a serious concern for well over half of the year. “A mysterious fire,” as they described it, destroyed the blockhouse in 1726 and the fort was soon after abandoned by 1732. In 1736, General James Oglethorpe sent a contingent of Scottish Highlanders to establish a new post and a large-scale milling operation in what was then called New Inverness and would later become Darien, Georgia. Though considered a failure by some, it no doubt played a vital roll in the early days of Savannah and Oglethorpe’s experiment called “Georgia.” The fort is open and has remained so during the COVID-19 shutdown, though some amenities, such as the gift shop, may not currently be open. Still, it’s simple to get in and enjoy in all the fort has to offer. The day I was there, I had free run of the place. The only other soul I encountered right was a park ranger, and we respected each other’s space. If you are looking for an enjoyable outdoor adventure, give Fort King George a chance and absorb some Georgia history.

Call (912) 437-4770 to pay for your reservations, $5.00 per person. For additional info: gastateparks.org/FortKingGeorge Top: View of the main structures. Middle, left: Cannons line the perimeter. Middle, right: A pit saw trestle used to cut cypress planks for construction of the fort. Bottom image: The block house, with cannon ports, musket slits and observation window. For more images, video and information visit southerntidesmagazine.com/features. June 2020

Southern Tides Magazine

Give 'em Space! Nesting Shorebirds Active on Coastal Beaches By Rick Lavender

Communications and Outreach Specialist and Tim Keyes Wildlife Biologist Georgia Deptarment of Natural Resources

Photo by Tim Keyes

eorgia’s beaches are not only vacation destinations, they’re top spots for nesting shorebirds and seabirds, and for migrating species feeding for long flights to the Arctic. American oystercatchers, Wilson’s plovers and least terns use sites such as Little Tybee Island, Pelican Spit off Sea Island, Cumberland Island and the southern end of Jekyll Island. Among other species, black skimmers, royal terns and gull-billed terns also nest on Georgia beaches and offshore sandbars. When these birds are nesting, human disturbance poses a significant threat. Shorebirds and seabirds also face risks from native predators and high spring tides. Pets can be destructive, too, killing or scaring birds. Visitors to Georgia’s beaches can help beach-nesting birds and migrating species by: · Avoiding posted sites. (Eggs and chicks are camouflaged and easy to overlook or even step on.) · Walking below the high-tide line. · Watching beach birds only from a distance. · Backing away from any nesting birds they accidentally disturb. Adults frightened from a nest will often call loudly and exhibit distraction displays, such as dragging a wing as if it’s broken. Sometimes the birds will dive-bomb people who get too close to their nest, said wildlife biologist Tim Keyes of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Keyes also encouraged visitors to leave dogs at home or

keep them on a leash when visiting a beach where dogs are allowed. Owners who let their dogs chase shorebirds can be cited for harassing federally protected species. “Dogs and beach wildlife are incompatible,” Keyes said. Pets are excluded by regulation or law at some sites, including Tybee Island, the beachfront portion of Little Tybee, Pelican Spit, Satilla Marsh Island, the south end of Jekyll, and St. Catherines Island and Little Egg Island bars. (The bars, Pelican Spit and Brunswick Dredge Island, another key

nesting site, also are closed to people.) Beach-nesting birds nest above the high-tide line on wide, terraced beach flats or in the edge of dunes. In Georgia, the birds lay eggs in shallow scrapes in the sand from mid-March through July. After hatching, chicks hide on the beach or in the grass. Disturbance by people or pets can cause adult birds to abandon eggs and chicks, exposing them to extreme heat and predators. On a hot day, “in as little as 10 minutes, the eggs can be cooked,” Keyes said. The threats are similar for migrating seabirds and shorebirds. The coast provides vital stopover sites for species such as federally threatened red knots flying from South America and the Arctic. 26

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June 2020

Red knots flushed from feeding might not gain the weight needed to survive their more than 9,000-mile migration. “With a little bit of effort and concern, we all can enjoy the beach,” said Keyes, who works for the DNR Wildlife Resources Division’s Wildlife Conservation Section. For example, about 40 pairs of least terns and six pairs of Wilson’s plovers nested successfully on St. Simons’ popular East Beach last year. A Beach Stewards program powered by volunteers helps monitor least terns nesting on East Beach. Participants inform the public and steer dogs and beach-goers away from the roped-off colony. Interested in being a Beach Steward? Contact Keyes, (912) 222-0424 or tim.keyes@dnr.ga.gov.

Photo by Brad Winn Photo by Brad Winn

Photo by Brad Winn Clockwise from Top Left: Royal tern with chick; oystercatch nest with eggs; Wilson's plover chick; red knots feeding; flock of dunlins in flight. Photos provided by GADNR, where not credited otherwise. You can help by contributing to the state’s Nongame Wildlife Conservation Fund. Here’s how: · Buy a DNR eagle or monarch butterfly license plate, or renew any of the older designs, including the hummingbird tags. Most of the fees are dedicated to wildlife. Upgrade to a wild tag for only $25! Details at georgiawildlife.com/licenseplates. · Donate at gooutdoorsgeorgia.com. Click “Licenses and Permits” and log in to give. (New customers can create an account.) There’s even an option to round-up for wildlife. · Donate directly to the agency. Learn more at georgiawildlife.com/donations. Visit georgiawildlife.com/conservation/annualreport to see how your support is put to work for wildlife. June 2020

Southern Tides Magazine

Sunk! Vessels Added to Artificial Reefs CIRCA 1870

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Paul Medders watches as the ships are prepared for deployment.

he Georgia DNR added two vessels to reefs approximately 17 east of Ossabaw Island and 22 miles east of St. Catherines Island in early June. “DNR’s Coastal Resources Division (CRD) facilitated the sinking of a 180-foot former menhaden fishing boat in about 70 feet of water at Artificial Reef JY and a 72-foot steel shrimp boat at Artificial Reef CCA-JL,” said Paul Medders, leader of CRD’s Artificial Reef, Habitat Restoration and Boating Access Unit. “These vessels will provide essential fish habitat off Georgia’s coast and will eventually become populated with corals, sponges and other marine life,” Medders said. “In about two years, these reefs will become prime fishing spots for offshore anglers, as well as a unique place for SCUBA divers to visit.” The primary funding for these reef projects is the Marine Habitat “Support Fish Habitat” license plate. Additional funds were provided by the Coastal Conservation Association (CCA) of Georgia, federal Sportfish Restoration funds Georgia fishing license sales. The shrimp boat Frank and Maria at Reef CCA-JL joins New York City subway cars, tugboats and other vessels already placed on the seafloor. Other items at Reef CCA-JL include former bridge supports from the previous Talmadge Bridge in Savannah. Reef JY, named for the NOAA conservation researcher Jane Yarn, includes a former NOAA research vessel, which was placed there in August 2007. The new placement of the menhaden fishing boat Tangier Island at Reef JY also joins existing M-60 battle tanks, the 442foot liberty ship SS Addie Bagley Daniels, the 99-foot tugboat El Mira and various other vessels. All materials placed in reefs are meticulously cleaned and prepared prior to their sinking, and placement of reef materials is permitted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to ensure navigation safety. Artificial reefs are beneficial off Georgia’s coast due to the state’s unique geology. The Georgia Bight extends from Cape Canaveral, Fla., to Cape Hatteras, N.C., curving inward along Georgia’s coast resulting in a wide continental shelf, a vast, shallow slope extending about 80 miles offshore. This gentle slope is largely flat, sandy material with very few natural 28

Southern Tides Magazine

June 2020

rock outcroppings that would normally be home to reefs. To provide opportunities for reef growth, CRD has created more than two dozen artificial reef areas, each of which includes multiple sites within reefs. These artificial materials – whether a vessel, tank or concrete rubble – provide living organisms the surface and shelter they need to thrive in Georgia’s marine environment. While the substrate is artificial, the ensuing reef growth is completely natural. “Without these artificial materials, we would not have significant reef growth in Georgia,” Medders said. “DNR has been placing these materials since the 1970s, and over time, we have built up an impressive array of artificial habitats for scores of species.” Numerous recreationally and commercially important fish species congregate along reefs in the middle of the continental shelf, including snapper, grouper and black sea bass. Likewise, migratory fish pass through these waters, including Spanish mackerel, king mackerel, cobia and wahoo. Artificial reefs also provide shelter for endangered loggerhead sea turtles, which use the reefs to find refuge from predators like sharks.

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Photos provided by GADNR June 2020

Southern Tides Magazine

Fishable Swimmable Drinkable Water!

The BitterEnd Coral Reefs, Boats, Art and ... Dung Beetles By Captain J. Gary "Gator" Hill

’m sure many of you, including my editor, are scratching your heads over this one. The first few words in the header go together pretty well, but the last, well, we’ll get to that shortly. There is a correlation to all of these and a few more I will toss in along the way. The common thread, though a bit obscure, is repurposing. Our coral reefs are shrinking at an alarming rate, and as such, we’re trying to find ways to replace those natural formations. One such way is through repurposing. Off the coast of Georgia and South Carolina we’ve been creating reefs with all manner

Inset photo: A hermit crab “recycles” an empty channel whelk shell. Photo provided by Captain Gator

They offer used items, as well as new products such as overstock and discontinued parts from major boat manufacturers, sold at reduced prices. From fuel tanks to tuna towers they most likely have what you’re looking for. Boat yards make another great place to source parts, such as the St Mary’s Boat Yard. As owners do refits or as boats are salvaged by companies like TowBoat and SeaTow, entire boats or usable pieces are often sold, which translates to a great savings to you. Another source is Boats and Harbors, or what we refer to as the yellow sheets, due to the yellow paper it’s printed on. Another way to repurpose nautical items is to use them for art. I’ve seen dive helmets with painted face plates decorating their brass and bronze constructions. Old nets hanging from ceilings in restaurants, and port windows turned into shadow boxes. Hauser lines can be used to line walkways and parking lots. Ship’s wheels or even old captain’s desks can be used as office and home décor. There’s no end to the creative ways boat parts and pieces can be used. Going back to nature to wrap things up, consider Australia’s Bowerbirds, that used various colored items they “repurpose” into their nests to attract a mate. And what you’ve been waiting for, the dung beetle that repurposes … dung. But oddly enough they save the cattle industry about $300 million annually in cleanup and disposal costs and in the process reduce methane emissions which in turn helps curb greenhouse gasses. So I guess the old saying is true, one man’s (or beetle’s) junk is another man’s treasure.

of items: ships that have lived out their sea-worthiness, old military battle tanks, pieces of bridge structures, even New York subway cars. You name it, we’ve found a way to clean it up and make it an eco-safe base upon which coral formations can thrive. (See pages 28 - 29 for the latest deployment.) Many species, including octopi and hermit crabs, make their homes of cast off shells, jars, or anything else they can get their bodies into. A prime example of nature using discarded items no longer useful to their original purpose, in another way. Most of us have heard the acronym for Boat: Break Out Another Thousand, and anyone who’s owned one for any length of time can attest to that. When someone tells me they want to Till next time, Peace and Love, Shrimp buy a used boat and go cruising I tell them to try this simple and Grits … and wash your hands! experiment first, and if they like it to proceed. Go to a salvage yard and buy an old car; make sure it has a sunroof. Then drive cross-country while standing up through the sunroof and throw out hundred dollars bills along the way. To make it more like cruising, do it in the worst possible weather. I’m kidding, of course, but any boat owner will tell you, parts and maintenance are a must and nothing is cheap on a boat. So repurposing old parts becomes a very viable and useful practice. Places like Marine Connection Liquidators, in Ft. Pierce, Fla., and Email: TheOriginalCaptainGator@gmail.com Sailors Exchange, in St Augustine, have been around for years. 30 Southern Tides Magazine

June 2020

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Southern Tides June 2020

Articles inside

GCC Introduces CRAB

2020 Hurricane Season

Sunk

Marsh Tacky Magic

Give 'Em Space

The Bitter End

Fishing News

Fort King George

Around the Reef

Editor's Note