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VOLUME 09 • NUMBER 26
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Slaves found area pipeline in Underground Railroad Abolitionists guided them to freedom By Jason Arndt STAFF WRITER
Before the Civil War, the Underground Railroad served as a thoroughfare for runaway slaves who risked their lives, often traveling thousands of miles, to escape their abusive Confederate owners. Along the way, they found abolition-friendly residents and ‘conductors’ who guided them to safety, including many in southeast Wisconsin. Caroline Quarlls, then 16, according to the Wisconsin Historical Society, was the first Underground Railroad ‘passenger’ to set foot in Wisconsin around 1842. “She traveled by steamboat to Alton, Illinois, and then by stagecoach to Milwaukee, where she arrived in early August, 1842,” the Wisconsin Historical Society wrote in an essay. “Pursued by agents of her owner, she was hidden by a series of sympathetic abolitionists in Milwaukee, Pewaukee, Waukesha and Spring Prairie.” Lyman Goodnow, one of the abolitionists, brought her to a Town of Spring Prairie farmhouse. Meanwhile, around that time, Dr. Edward Dyer from Burlington visited a nearby
friend in the township and heard Quarlls took shelter. Goodnow, according to the Burlington Historical Society, recounted Dyer’s insistence on meeting with Quarlles, whose name was spelled Quarles in some records. “We could not keep the Doctor from seeing the girl; so we all went down to where she was, and held another consultation, when it was decided I should take Mr. (Richard) Chenery’s buggy and harness, and continue the journey to safety and freedom,” Goodnow recounted, adding Dyer raced back to Burlington to gather necessities such as food and money to take on the journey. Three weeks later, after traveling through Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Goodnow ushered Quarlls to freedom in Ontario, Canada. “After crossing the Detroit River, Caroline began crying, and clutched me by the arm, asking if it was possible that she was being taken back to St. Louis,” Goodnow remembered. “I talked and explained, but it took some time to clear her mind, that side of the river appearing to her like the country across from St. Louis. I left Caroline with Rev. Haskell, or at his house. He was a missionary at Sandwich, Canada.” Quarlles later learned how to read, married another former slave named Allen Watkins, and lived in Ontario until her death in 1892. She had six children, three
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boys and three girls, and many grandchildren. Quarlls, however, wasn’t the only slave who passed through Southeast Wisconsin. According to historical records, Joshua Glover and even Frederick Douglass were among the hundreds.
Guiding Glover In 1852, two years after Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act, which allowed slaves to be recaptured and brought back to their owner, Joshua Glover escaped his owner in St. Louis and headed north by foot to Wisconsin. “Wisconsin was a free state where there were was no slavery. It must have taken weeks to get from St. Louis to Racine, Wisconsin on foot,” states an essay from the Wisconsin Historical Society. “Soon after he arrived, Joshua got a job, found a place to live, made some friends and settled down. He was finally free.” Two years later, however, his slave owner Benammi Garland found out Glover was living in Racine. Garland, and a U.S. Marshal, then arrived to the City of Racine, where they captured Glover and transported him to the Milwaukee jail. The capture, according to the Burlington Historical Society, reignited memories of Quarlls journey to freedom.
Chauncey C. Olin, his conductor, recalled Glover’s capture and the physical abuse he sustained. “He was captured by his master in Racine, brought to Milwaukee and thrown into jail without warrant or authority of any kind,” Olin recounted. “Even the United States Marshal for the State of Wisconsin lent himself to the dishonorable act of going personally to Racine and capturing Glover while at
work trying to earn an honest living.” Glover, according to Olin, resisted arrest and required physical force before being brought to jail bloodied, bruised and covered in dirt. Sherman Booth, an abolitionist, and several others responded by storming the jail the following morning
Lincoln School, now the Burlington (Wis.) Area School District offices, commemorates Dr. Edward Dyer’s contributions to the community and noted his strong advocacy. Dyer, whose name adorns Dyer Intermediate School, once lived in a home across the street from Lincoln School on State Street.
with a battering ram to set him free. Olin said the actions of Booth and others in Milwaukee showcased humanity. Additionally, according to Olin, the Racine County Sheriff issued a warrant for
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