BEYOND THE GAME
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + GASTINGERWALKER& + GENSLER
KANSAS CITY | CHICAGO
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction of team members, KU Co-Op, project brief.
Why should we care about this topic?
How do these venues reflect and shape their city’s culture?
Analyzing new stadium proposals: features, costs, and funding sources.
Reflection on key insights.
Culmination of survey results and data from each city and stadium proposal, measuring success.
Revisit the thesis and outline next steps for how this data will inform the spring semester.
INTRODUCTION
THE KU COOPERATIVE
THE KU CO-OP
MENTORS -
GASTINGERWALKER& | KANSAS CITY
• Kevin Harden, kharden@gastingerwalker.com
• Andrea Shadrach, ashadrach@gastingerwalker.com
• Milena Laera, mlaera@gastingerwalker.com
• Connor McRae, cmcrae@gastingerwalker.com
GENSLER | CHICAGO
• Gretchen Kelly, gretchen_kelly@gensler.com
• Dakoda Ash, dakoda_ash@gensler.com
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS | LAWRENCE
• Andrew Thomas Moddrell, andrew.moddrell@ku.edu
IN THE PAST 25 YEARS...
https://www.cagw.org/reporting/fields-of-failure Fields of Failure: The Scandal of Taxpayer Funded Stadiums
URBAN STADIUM DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM PROMPT
Stadium developments in urban environments are significant undertakings that dramatically impact the functionality of adjacent cityscapes.
With more stadiums being proposed in densely populated urban areas, what role do architects have in shaping public discourse?
SURVEY RESULTS
DEMOGRAPHICS
ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN FIELD
18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55 +
MASTER’S DEGREE
BACHELOR’S DEGREE SOME COLLEGE
SIGNIFICANCE
EVOLUTIONF
To understand trends in urban stadium development, it’s important to examine the broader timeline.
Stadium construction saw a major shift in the 1960s and 1970s, moving from their traditional locations in central cities to the suburbs.
However, over the past 25 years, a reverse trend has emerged, with stadiums gradually returning to central urban areas as part of nationwide efforts to revitalize cities.
CENTRAL CITY 1920’S
https://miro.com/app/board/uXjVKg8iYN0=/?moveToWidget=3458764612202515620&cot=14
CONSTRUCTION BOOM...
Since the 2000s, there has been a notable rise in the construction of professional sports stadiums, culminating in the largest construction boom in 2020, the biggest since the 1960s.
State of NFL Stadiums
https://www.sportico.com/leagues/football/2023/state-of-nfl-stadiums-2023-1234735776/
DEVELOPMENT
The surge in stadium developments prompted an exploration of the complex processes behind these large-scale projects.
THE TEAM OWNER...
The initial drive for new stadiums often originates with team owners aiming to maximize profit by creating a venue that attracts major events.
Recently, there’s been a shift toward integrating mixed-use developments alongside stadiums, as these spaces generate more revenue and meet the growing demand for top-tier event venues.
THE “GO-TO” SPOT REAL ESTATE EMPIRES
TRANSPORTATION DISPLACEMENT
48%
ARE CONCERNED THAT THESE LARGE DEVELOPMENTS COULD DISRUPT THE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN THEIR CITY.
57%
ARE CONCERNED THAT THESE LARGE DEVELOPMENTS COULD RAISE THE COST OF LIVING IN THEIR CITY.
THE COMMUNITY...
Once proposed, these developments are presented to the community for feedback, but they often generate more concerns than support.
EQUAL INVESTMENTPACT THE
As funding is shared equally between public interests and private profits, the design should reflect a balanced approach that accommodates both sides of the development equation.
Stadiums as Public Investments
https://miro.com/app/board/uXjVKg8iYN0=/?moveToWidget=3458764612202515620&cot=14
However, many modern developments tend to diminish community influence, with team owners receiving 100% of tangible benefits.
THE ARCHITECT...
Looking to create a balanced approach, we examined the conversations among key stakeholders involved in stadium planning and identified a unique role for the architect: bridging gaps and fostering productive dialogue to resolve conflicts and shape a shared vision.
THESIS STATEMENT
As stadium developments rise in urban environments architects must lead discussions on design strategies that foster revitalization while strengthening community resilience.
To gain a deeper understanding of how these large venues are used...
ATTEND PROFESSIONAL SPORTING EVENTS 1-2 TIMES PER YEAR.
ATTENDANCE MOTIVATION
ATTEND NON-SPORTING EVENTS (EX: CONCERTS) HELD AT PROFESSIONAL SPORTS STADIUMS 1-2 TIMES PER YEAR.
31%
PRIMARY MOTIVATION FOR ATTENDING SPORTING EVENTS IS LOVE OF THE GAME.
SURVEY RESULTS
When we asked our communities for their opinions on their current football and baseball stadiums, many responses were positive, highlighting strong pride in their local sports teams and their current locations.
Given this, what justifies the need for so many new stadiums?
CURRENT STADIUMS
LIKE THE CURRENT LOCATION OF THE FOOTBALL & BASEBALL STADIUMS IN THEIR CITY.
NO SENSE OF PRIDE
WOULD AGREE THAT THERE IS A STRONG SENSE OF PRIDE INSPIRED BY YOUR LOCAL PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAM?
STADIUM PROPOSAL
80%
ARE AWARE OF A RECENT FOOTBALL OR BASEBALL STADIUM PROPOSAL IN THEIR CITY.
INFRASTRUCTURE SHAPED CULTURE
2 CITIES, 4 PROPOSALS
CHIEFS | ROYALS | BEARS | WHITE SOX
KANSAS CITY
CHICAGO
KANSAS CITY
Kansas City’s civic identity is deeply rooted in its rich history as a transportation hub, its vibrant cultural scene dominated by our jazz and blues heritage, BBQ traditions, architecture and art, and of course, our local sports teams. Each of which inspires a strong sense of pride within the community.
1. https://www.stadiumtalk.com/s/best-mlb-team-traditions-f9af0142a6c545fa
2. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/380624606009759009/
3. https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5807663/2024/10/01/2014-royals-and-2024-royals-similarities/
4. https://www.timesunion.com/sports/article/Norman-Chad-Ya-gotta-root-for-the-Royals-5773376.php
5. https://www.krps.org/missouri-news/2023-03-31/want-to-watch-royals-games-heres-a-kansas-city-guide-to-streaming-baseball-in-2023
6. https://www.kansascity.com/sports/mlb/kansas-city-royals/article275311006.html
7. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/2533343518107929/
8. https://www.kansascity.com/sports/mlb/kansas-city-royals/article293377984.html
9. https://www.facebook.com/Colombo.USembassy/photos/baseball-and-independence-day-go-together-like-hot-dogs-and-buns-the-day-was-esp/10155032755322846/
10. https://www.kansascity.com/sports/spt-columns-blogs/sam-mellinger/article2378491.html
11. https://www.baltana.com/baseball-team/kansas-city-royals-wallpaper-full-hd-32439.html
THE STADIUMS...
Looking at Kansas City from above, we see its professional baseball and football stadiums situated side by side, about seven miles outside downtown at the intersection of I-70 and I-435.
CHIEFS ROYALS
TRUMAN SPORTS COMPLEX
1967
The “twin stadiums” history born from dedicated sports district, designed apart from City.
million today)
1967
https://kcyesterday.com/articles/truman-sports-complex
stadiums” have a shared a vision to create a district, intentionally from downtown Kansas Opening day
THE ROYALS
The Royals’ culture is deeply embedded in Kansas City’s identity. As two-time World Series champions, their games offer a signature experience known as “spending a day at the K,” featuring iconic fountain shows that honor the city’s “City of Fountains” nickname and weekly fireworks that unite locals in celebration. While tailgating exists, it’s less prominent than with the Chiefs, given the Royals’ more frequent game schedule.
1. https://www.stadiumtalk.com/s/best-mlb-team-traditions-f9af0142a6c545fa
2. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/380624606009759009/
3. https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5807663/2024/10/01/2014-royals-and-2024-royals-similarities/
4. https://www.timesunion.com/sports/article/Norman-Chad-Ya-gotta-root-for-the-Royals-5773376.php
5. https://www.krps.org/missouri-news/2023-03-31/want-to-watch-royals-games-heres-a-kansas-city-guide-to-streaming-baseball-in-2023
6. https://www.kansascity.com/sports/mlb/kansas-city-royals/article275311006.html
7. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/2533343518107929/
8. https://www.kansascity.com/sports/mlb/kansas-city-royals/article293377984.html
9. https://www.facebook.com/Colombo.USembassy/photos/baseball-and-independence-day-go-together-like-hot-dogs-and-buns-the-day-was-esp/10155032755322846/
10. https://www.kansascity.com/sports/spt-columns-blogs/sam-mellinger/article2378491.html
11. https://www.baltana.com/baseball-team/kansas-city-royals-wallpaper-full-hd-32439.html
THE CHIEFS
The Chiefs’ community pride is fueled by their four Super Bowl championships, world-renowned tailgating traditions, and the powerful “tomahawk chop” performed by local groups to rally fans before kickoff. Arrowhead Stadium, known as the loudest in the NFL with a record 142.2 decibels in 2014, amplifies this passion. Additionally, “Red Friday” unites the community each week to celebrate their love for the team ahead of game day.
1. https://arrowheadaddict.com/2019/09/08/nfl-odds-lines-chiefs-jaguars-bettors-week-1/ 2. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/321163017155796079/ 3. https://www.etsy.com/listing/838473639/kansas-city-chiefs-super-bowl-newspaper 4. https://www.arrowheadpride.com/2015/5/15/8611651/kansas-city-chiefs-tailgating-picture-most-american-thing-ever 5. https://magnoliatribune.com/2023/01/31/two-mississippi-natives-change-the-game-for-the-kansas-city-chiefs/
6. https://www.wltribune.com/sports/native-americans-grapple-with-chiefs-super-bowl-celebrations-5551203
7. https://www.instagram.com/flatland_kc/p/C9NukOTpOF4/ 8. https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2819802-chiefs-gm-patrick-mahomes-wont-play-basketball-anymore-after-viral-video 9. https://www.twincities.com/2017/02/13/the-loops-super-bowl-lii-countdown-worst-vikings/ 10. https://talesfromtheamericanfootballleague.com/category/kansas-city-chiefs/page/5/ 11. https://www.kirksvilledailyexpress.com/stories/chiefs-mascot-kc-wolf-to-be-at-northeast-regional-medical-center,16091 12. https://www.arrowheadpride.com/2013/10/13/4835104/kansas-city-chiefs-defense-stats-arrowhead-crowd-noise-record 13. https://x.com/usacac/status/1591990508682973184/photo/1 14. https://www.chiefs.com/photos/photo-gallery-fan-friday-x9086#724c15c9-deb6-447a-b67c-b286f5db18b8
INFRASTRUCTURE
An isometric view of the shared site reveals the intricate relationship between cultural traditions and the surrounding infrastructure, showcasing how the built environment shapes and supports these practices.
The vehicle-focused design incorporates expansive parking lots that facilitate thriving tailgates and manages traffic flow, capitalizing on the stadiums’ strategic location at the intersection of I-70 and I-435. While effective for vehicle access, this layout compromises walkability within the area. 1.
TRAFFIC CONTROL
The site’s isolation from surrounding businesses highlights its separation, with Kansas City’s entertainment district situated seven miles away downtown, home to the most popular pre- and post-game destinations. The only nearby business is a small hotel located across the street.
1. https://www.facebook.com/groups/914950488682573/?locale=fi_FI&_rdr
The site is positioned along a major route to downtown Kansas City and is surrounded by suburban, single-family housing. More diverse housing options emerge only as you move closer to the city center.
https://www.royalsreview.com/2024/2/13/24072188/royals-at-a-crossroads-as-they-propose-downtown-ballpark-in-crossroads-district https://www.chiefs.com/stadium/concepts
CHICAGO
Chicago’s civic identity thrives on its rich jazz and house music scene, vibrant theater and comedy, and passionate sports culture. Chicago is also known for its culinary scene ranging from deep-dish pizza to diverse food festivals, as well as its iconic architecture and public attractions.
1.
THE STADIUMS...
Looking at Chicago from above, we see two of the city’s wellknown sports stadiums located in close proximity in the downtown area.
BEARS
WHITE SOX
$6 MILLION $13 MILLION
https://www.flickr.com/photos/67827566@N00/14396373313 https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/soldier-field-view
The NFL’S first football stadium.
https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/soldier-field-view
MILLION $16 MILLION $632 MILLION 1988 1992 2003
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Soldier_Field_Chicago_aerial_view.jpg
https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/soldier-field-view
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Soldier_Field_Chicago_aerial_view.jpg
Soldier Field has since undergone numerous rounds of renovations transforming it to the modern venue it is today.
THE BEARS
Playing at Soldier Field are the Chicago Bears, one of the NFL’s oldest franchises. Founded in 1919, the team has a storied history, with nine NFL championships and a legacy of legendary players. Over the years, the Bears have cultivated a passionate fanbase and remain deeply committed to community impact through various charitable programs across Chicago and beyond.
1. https://www.windycitygridiron.com/2024/7/27/24196911/question-of-the-day-what-advice-would-you-give-to-a-new-chicago-bears-fan-nfl-fandomsports-life
2. https://www.windycitygridiron.com/2019/7/9/20687474/chicago-bears-fans-lets-talk-about-you-membership-members-wcg-community-social-funwebsite-blog
3. https://www.nfl.com/news/this-week-in-nfl-history-nov-15-nov-21-sweetness-sets-single-game-rushing-record
4. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalhistoriclandmarks/grant-park-stadium-soldier-field.htm
5. https://chicago.suntimes.com/bears/2024/09/18/bears-qb-caleb-williams-urgently-try-to-get-offense-on-track-before-season-derails
6. https://pantagraph.com/sports/betting/nfl-parlay-picks-week-1-2024/article_c50a5316-436b-58eb-89bc-c23799cecbae.html
7. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Bears
8. https://www.chicagobears.com/community/
9. https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears-celebrate-latino-heritage-month-at-soldier-field
10. https://www.chatsports.com/chicago-bears/a/source/urlacher-nominated-for-hall-of-fame-13863325
11. https://www.si.com/nfl/2015/12/16/classic-photos-william-refrigerator-perry
12. https://www.choosechicago.com/articles/sports-and-recreation/chicago-bears-football/
13. https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bearman-a-finalist-for-hall-of-fans
14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxXcXIPFppg
15. http://galleries.apps.chicagotribune.com/chi-tailgating-soldier-field-photos-20140520/
16. https://www.bleachernation.com/bears/2024/09/08/bears-bullets-0908/
17. https://www.target.com/p/nfl-chicago-bears-helmet-stripes-flannel-fleece-blanket/-/A-89301757
18. https://www.tag24.com/justice/crime/chicago-bears-stadium-targeted-in-huge-overnight-heist-2962695
INFRASTRUCTURE
Here we see a snapshot of the current lakefront soldier field located in downtown Chicago, along Lake Michigan’s shoreline.
The stadium offers three primary parking areas, including two underground garages. Their South Lot is a popular tailgating destination, where fans gather before and oftentimes after games, while they wait for traffic along Lakeshore Drive to die down.
LAKESHORE DRIVE
TAILGATING CULTURE
1. https://www.nrdc.org/stories/can-new-tax-uber-and-lyft-rides-chicago-change-commuting-habits
2. https://www.fieldmuseum.org/visit
3. http://galleries.apps.chicagotribune.com/chi-tailgating-soldier-field-photos-20140520/
4. https://chicago.suntimes.com/fran-spielman-show/2024/04/05/bears-lakefront-stadium-friendsof-the-parks-gin-kilgore
Soldier Field is well-connected to Chicago’s public transportation system, with several CTA stations located a 15-minute walk or bus ride away. Buses stop directly outside the stadium’s north end, offering easy access to Union Station for fans traveling from the suburbs.
1. https://www.chicago-l.org/stations/roosevelt-wabash.html
2. https://www.transitchicago.com/newsprojects/system-improvement-projects/completed-station-projects/
With the stadium being located downtown, it is surround primarily by high rise apartment buildings and the south loop neighborhood, with the suburbs being located about 35 miles west of the stadium.
1. https://www.redfin.com/IL/Chicago/1515-S-Prairie-Ave-60605/unit-715/home/12679815
2. https://bkvgroup.com/projects/1407-on-michigan/
3. https://www.apartments.com/museum-park-tower-two-chicago-il/sn7wk86/
4. https://www.homes.com/local-guide/rolling-meadows-il/busse-woods-neighborhood/
Surrounding the stadium is a collection of public attractions, including the nearby Field Museum, Shedd Aquarium, Adler Planetarium, and Huntington Bank Pavilion. All making this area is a popular destination for both tourists and Chicago residents, offering a diverse range of cultural and recreational experiences just steps away from the stadium. 1
1. https://www.iris-worldwide.com/find-us/
2. https://www.tiqets.com/en/the-field-museum-tickets-l150530/unseen-oceans-e57490/?selected_date=2024-04-24
3. https://www.choosechicago.com/articles/festivals-special-events/lollapalooza/
4. https://blockclubchicago.org/2022/07/21/shedd-aquarium-to-get-40-foot-underwater-tunnel-aspart-of-a-500-million-overhaul/
5. https://www.choosechicago.com/articles/tours-and-attractions/navy-pier/
6. https://chicago-beautiful.com/adler-planetarium/
7. https://premium.livenation.com/venue/huntington-bank-pavilion-at-northerly-island
https://chicagoyimby.com/2024/04/bears-president-refocuses-stadium-plan-on-lakefront.html
https://manica.global/page/new-chicago-bears-stadium
2024
Over the years, the Bears have considered several stadium proposals, including purchasing a $197 million plot of land in Arlington Heights. However, they have now shifted their focus to a new lakeside stadium proposal, located just south of their current venue.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/chiski/5579018284/
$750,000 $306 MILLION ($24.5 million today)
https://www.flickr.com/photos/chiski/5579018284/
https://www.choosechicago.com/articles/sports-and-recreation/chicago-white-sox-baseball/
1910 1991
Located just south of downtown Chicago, Guaranteed Rate Field was built directly across the street from the original Comiskey park, a very notable stadium in MLB history.
THE WHITE SOX
Playing at Guaranteed Rate Field, the Chicago White Sox represent the city’s South Side in the Armour Square neighborhood. Founded in 1901, the team boasts a rich history filled with baseball legends and a passionate fanbase. The White Sox are deeply committed to community engagement, with initiatives like Sox Charities and Sox Serve, which support youth development, education, and health.
1. https://www.dailyherald.com/20240622/chicago-white-sox/hey-now-are-there-really-no-white-sox-worthy-of-being-an-all-star/
2. https://q985online.com/why-sox-fans-hate-the-cubs/
3. https://sportsposterwarehouse.com/products/chicago-white-sox-since-1901-premium-pennant-wincraft
4. https://respublicagroup.com/our-team/
5. https://www.mlb.com/video/luis-robert-jr-singles-on-a-line-drive-to-left-fielder-riley-greene-brook
6. https://logos-world.net/chicago-white-sox-logo/
7. https://www.sportskeeda.com/baseball/news-this-dude-scary-white-sox-fans-amazed-garrett-crochet-s-excellent-performance-braves
8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Twins
9. https://collection.baseballhall.org/objects/6550/nellie-fox-minnie-minoso-and-eddie-robinson-photograph?ctx=db3f3501046005f78ee7238556e5a0dc00f1fa53&idx=11
10. https://www.southsidesox.com/2021/6/5/22520610/detroit-tigers-4-chicago-white-sox-3-long-ball-sacrifice-bunt-seal-defeat
11. https://chicago.suntimes.com/white-sox/2024/12/13/yet-another-100-loss-season-staring-at-white-sox
12. https://www.mlb.com/whitesox/ballpark
13. https://www.sportslogos.net/logos/view/ufh22wofpxuyspbtw130gqfe1
INFRASTRUCTURE
An isometric view reveals the stadiums close proximity to downtown Chicago, located just 3 miles south.
Following the demolition of Comiskey Park, the stadium is now surrounded by ample parking lots, offering plenty of space for fans to tailgate before the game.
1 & 2. https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/4/12/23022613/white-sox-fans-ready-for-opening-dayhttps://www.transitchicago.com/newsprojects/system-improvement-projects/completed-station-projects/
3. https://mlblogstheballparkguide.wordpress.com/2023/01/06/chicago-white-sox-july-5-2022/
Fans can easily access the stadium via public transit . The CTA Red Line features a station next to the stadium, conveniently located along the highway, while multiple bus routes stop directly outside the stadium, ensuring seamless access for attendees from across the city.
1. https://www.alamy.com/chicago-illinois-usa-a-cta-bus-kicks-up-snow-as-it-passes-along-the-chicago-museum-campus-just-south-of-the-loop-image238657490.html
2. https://www.burns-group.com/project/federal-transit-administration-chicago-transit-authority-red-ahead-program/
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONZU-VclYm0
Nestled in a neighborhood, Guaranteed Rate is surrounded by a mix of single-family homes and residential complexes . The nearby South Loop features highrise apartment buildings , while downtown offers additional housing options, creating a blend of residential spaces within easy reach of the stadium.
1 & 2.. https://www.homes.com/local-guide/chicago-il/bridgeport-neighborhood/
3. https://www.chicagobusiness.com/commercial-real-estate/alta-roosevelt-apartments-southloop-sale
4. https://www.thecha.org/property/wentworth-gardens
5. https://www.zumper.com/apartment-buildings/p927512/lake-meadows-douglas-chicago-il
https://www.archpaper.com/2024/02/gensler-unveils-new-chicago-white-sox-stadium-in-the-south-loop-and-repurposed-guaranteed-rate-field-in-bridgeport/
With the sox lease set to expire after their 2029 season, they are exploring plans for a new $2 billion riverfront stadium.
FROM THE EXPERTS... 04
SURVEY RESULTS INITIATIVES
Before delving into the architects’ perspectives on the new stadium proposals, we shift our focus back to the communities to examine these plans through their lense.
58%
WOULD LIKE TO SEE A COLLECTION OF INITIATIVES ASSOCIATED WITH A NEW STADIUM IN THEIR CITY.
DEVELOPMENTS
66%
FEEL THAT MIXED-USE SPACES WOULD BEST COMPLIMENT A NEW STADIUM.
SURROUNDING CONTEXT
49%
WOULD PREFER TO VISIT A NEARBY ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICT TO ENJOY THE GAME ATMOSPHERE, RATHER THAN ATTENDING THE GAME ITSELF.
PRIORITIES
51%
ACCESSIBILITY WOULD BE THE MOST INFLUENTIAL FACTOR IN SHAPING AN OPINION ON A NEW STADIUM
NEGATIVE IMPACT
54%
WOULD AGREE A CHANGE IN STADIUM LOCATION COULD NEGATIVELY IMPACT THE SPORTS CULTURE OF THE LOCAL PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAM .
POSITIVE IMPACT
CONTRIBUTION
WOULD AGREE A CHANGE IN STADIUM LOCATION COULD POSITIVELY IMPACT THE SPORTS CULTURE OF THE LOCAL PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAM.
ARE NOT WILLING TO PAY HIGHER SALES TAX WITHIN THE DISTRICT TO FUND A NEW STADIUM IF IT PROMISED ECONOMIC GROWTH AND JOB CREATION.
ROYALS
Seeking to embed themselves within the downtown area with a modern facility and accompanying multi-purpose development Among 14 proposed sites, the Crossroads location has garnered significant attention and debate, making it a focal point of community discussion.
https://www.royalsreview.com/2024/2/13/24072188/royals-at-a-crossroads-as-they-propose-downtown-ballpark-in-crossroads-district
The project aims to transform the surrounding neighborhood into a vibrant destination that supports new efforts to create walkable infrastructure that prioritizes more green spaces. With the goal of working into the city’s developing public transit plans and cultivating a connection with surrounding entertainment spaces to support both in the effort of being used more efficiently year-round.
1. https://www.facebook.com/groups/914950488682573/?locale=fi_FI&_rdr
2. https://kcsouthloopproject.org/
3. https://www.bizjournals.com/kansascity/news/2022/06/21/kc-streetcar-main-street-extensionpershing-27th.html
4. https://www.startlandnews.com/2024/02/crossroads-ballpark-royals/royals-east-crossroads-rendering-09/
5 & 7. https://www.royalsreview.com/2024/2/13/24072188/royals-at-a-crossroads-as-they-proposedowntown-ballpark-in-crossroads-district
6. https://www.flickr.com/photos/mediafury/4011825398/
2 BILLION
KANSAS CITY ROYALS
+ STADIUM CONSTRUCTION + COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
PUBLIC FUNDING
+ STADIUM CONSTRUCTION + COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
$1B 1/2 $1B PROMISING FUNDING
SPLIT WITH CHIEFS
$2.8B
TOTAL ECONOMIC OUTPUT
$320+M
ANNUAL ECONOMIC IMPACT “BEYOND THE BALLPARK”
26,000
CONSTRUCTION JOBS
8,400
“RIPPLE EFFECT” JOBS (SUPPORTED BY NEW DEVELOPMENT)
Royals’ Planned Sadium Move all About Money: Here’s How it Breaks Down
https://www.kshb.com/sports/royals-planned-stadium-move-all-about-money-heres-how-it-breaks-down
CHIEFS
The Chiefs’ proposal is closely tied to the success of the Royals’ relocation plans. If the Royals’ move proceeds, demolishing their twin stadium would create new opportunities for the Chiefs to re-imagine their site while preserving and enhancing their established culture..
https://www.chiefs.com/stadium/concepts
The reimagined site offers expanded parking to enhance the vibrant tailgating experience, incorporating interactive green spaces and a covered tailgating deck for year-round use. While maintaining the benefits of vehicle-focused infrastructure, the design prioritizes pedestrian safety through new pedestrian bridges at both ends of the site, creating a balanced and accessible environment.
800 MILLION
$300M $500M SPLIT WITH ROYALS 1/2 FUNDING
KANSAS CITY CHIEFS
PUBLIC FUNDING + STADIUM CONSTRUCTION
$2.8B
TOTAL ECONOMIC OUTPUT
$320+M
ANNUAL ECONOMIC IMPACT “BEYOND THE BALLPARK” PROMISING
26,000
CONSTRUCTION JOBS
8,400
“RIPPLE EFFECT” JOBS (SUPPORTED BY NEW DEVELOPMENT)
https://www.kctv5.com/2024/02/28/chiefs-unveil-renderings-800-million-renovation-arrowhead-stadium/ Chiefs Unveil Renderings for $800 Million Renovation of Arrowhead Stadium
BEARS
The Chicago Bears are proposing a new lakeside state-of-the-art facility that is envisioned as a “year-round hub,” designed around park-based culture and recreation to be located just south of their current venue.
https://manica.global/page/new-chicago-bears-stadium
The stadium will feature an enclosed roof, 14 acres of athletic fields and green space, a 3 acre promenade and plaza full of food and beverage outlets, retail shops, and a publicly owned hotel, all while preserving Soldier fields historic colonnades. The final part of their plans includes enhanced infrastructure to reduce event exit times and a new parking garage.
5 BILLION
FUNDING
$2B
CHICAGO BEARS
$8B
REGIONAL CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIC IMPACT + STADIUM CONSTRUCTION ($3.2B TOTAL)
$2.4B + IMPROVED INFRASTRUCTURE
TAXPAYER SUBSIDIES
$300M 2%
ILLINOIS SPORTS FACILITIES AUTHORITY
HOTEL TAX + REMAINING FUNDS
https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears-release-plans-for-stadium-project-in-chicago Bears release plans for stadium project in Chicago
$456M
ANNUAL ECONOMIC IMPACT (POST CONSTRUCTION)
43,000
CONSTRUCTION JOBS
4,200
PERMANENT JOBS (POST CONSTRUCTION)
WHITE SOX
The Chicago White Sox are exploring plans for a new riverfront stadium, to be located on the lot of of Chicago’s “Next Neighborhood” known as the “78”.
https://www.archpaper.com/2024/02/gensler-unveils-new-chicago-white-sox-stadium-in-the-south-loop-and-repurposed-guaranteed-rate-field-in-bridgeport/
This prime, open-site location offers significant potential for surrounding neighborhood and business development. The first phase of the development will include 2 apartment buildings, food, beverage, and retail spaces, as well as a 4,000-car parking garage. Located 15 blocks closer to downtown than their current home field, this stadium will be well conntected to Chicago’s public transit system, including the unique water taxi service
2 BILLION
$1.2B
PUBLIC FUNDING
$4B
TOTAL ECONOMIC OUTPUT
$400M
STATE SALES TAX + TAXING DISTRICT
2%
HOTEL TAX + TAXPAYER SUBSIDIES
$200M
ANNUAL TAX REVENUE (POST CONSTRUCTION)
32,000
NEW JOBS (POST CONSTRUCTION)
1,000
AFFORDABLE UNITS + SURROUNDING DEVELOPMENT
Jerry Reinsdorf prepared to ask $1 billion in public money for new stadium: report
https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/sports/mlb/chicago-white-sox/jerry-reinsdorf-prepared-to-ask-for-1-billion-inpublic-money-for-new-stadium-report/3358923/
3/8TH-CENT SALES TAX - EXTENSION
40-YEAR LIFE SPAN / JACKSON COUNTY
APRIL 3RD, 2024
58% N0 / 42% YES
CBA AGREEMENT
CROSSROADS COMMUNITY ASSOCIATION + ETC.
3/8TH-CENT SALES
TAX - EXISTING
TEAMS’ LEASES EXPIRE IN 2031
EXPLORING NEW LOCATION
CROSSING STATE-LINE / KANSAS
STILL IN DEBT
$200 MILLION / 2006 RENOVATIONS
https://www.kansascity.com/sports/mlb/kansas-city-royals/article285451567.html https://kccrossroads.org/proposed-baseball-stadium/ https://www.kcur.org/politics-elections-and-government/2024-04-02/royals-chiefs-stadium-sales-tax-question-1results-jackson-county-kansas-city-election
NON-BINDING REFERENDUM
NOV 4TH, 2024
25% SUPPORT TAXPAYER SUBSIDES / 75% OPPOSED
FRIENDS OF THE PARK
NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION (ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCATE)
STRONGLY AGIAINST THE PROPOSAL
STILL IN DEBT
$620 MILLION / 2003 STADIUM RENOVATIONS
STILL IN DEBT
$50 MILLION / 2009 STADIUM RENOVATIONS
FUNDING?
NO SECURED FUNDS BESIDES TAXPAYER SUBSIDIES
SELL THE TEAM?
HOLDING THE TITLE OF WORST TEAM IN THE MLBTALK OF SELLING THE TEAM OR MOVING THE TEAM TO NASHVILLE.
COUNCIL VOTE
APRIL 17TH, 2025
EXPLORING NEW LOCATION
OLD MICHAEL REESE MEDICAL CENTER CAMPUS RECONSIDERING ARLINGTON HEIGHTS
https://www.bleachernation.com/bears/2024/11/12/bears-stadium-update-1112/
https://www.si.com/nfl/bears/election-brings-non-binding-defeat-to-bearsstadium-proposal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jI7gjL9zILU
https://www.chicagotribune.com/2024/02/08/white-sox-likely-would-have-tochange-state-law-to-get-taxpayer-funding-for-new-stadium/
THE DISCONNECT
So why haven’t any of the proposals been approved? What was the disconnect between the two stakeholders?
TAKING A STEP BACK 05
THE ARCHITECT’S ROLE
To uncover what was missing, we reflected on the insights gathered from team owners, community members, and the perspectives of proposed architects involved in these developments.
This reflection led to a reevaluation of the architect’s role in driving the success of these projects.
THE SHEPHERD
The architect serves as a guide, bridging the gap between business objectives and community needs, while steering conversations toward design solutions that benefit all stakeholders.
$
For architects to succeed in this role and leave a legacy of impactful design...
WE LOOKED TO DEVISE A TOOLKIT THAT
TOOLKIT THAT BEST SERVES TO BALANCE
THE 2 STAKEHOLDERS
THE GOALS
Our analysis highlights a clear distinction between the priorities of the business side and the community.
BUSINESS CULTURAL IDENTITY & FOSTER POSITIVE GROWTH
THE BUSINESS
Modern developments are designed to maximize profit by ensuring year-round functionality, versatility, and greater connectivity with diverse populations. To position themselves as primary destinations, these projects focus on enhancing hospitality services and incorporating mixed-use elements to support a wide range of activities.
GROW ATTRACT
YEAR-ROUND USE
INTEGRATE MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT
DIVERSITY
FOSTERING HOSPITALITY OPPORTUNITIES
INTEGRATE MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT
THE COMMUNITY
Our research indicates a strong desire to preserve tailgating traditions, parking infrastructure, and neighborhood character, alongside maintaining affordable living costs. At the same time, there is increasing support for changes that enhance accessibility, inclusivity, transportation options, community spaces, and green areas.
PRESERVE SUPPORT
TAILGATING CULTURE
PARKING INFRASTRUCTURE
NEIGHBORHOOD CULTURE
COST OF LIVING
ACCESSIBILITY + INCLUSIVITY
TRANSPORTATION
OPTIONS
COMMUNITY-CENTRIC SOCIAL SPACES
GREEN SPACE
YEAR-ROUND USE
INTEGRATE MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT
DIVERSITY
FOSTERING HOSPITALITY
OPPORTUNITIES
INTEGRATE MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT
TAILGATING CULTURE
PARKING INFRASTRUCTURE
NEIGHBORHOOD CULTURE
COST OF LIVING
ACCESSIBILITY + INCLUSIVITY
TRANSPORTATION
OPTIONS
COMMUNITY-CENTRIC SOCIAL SPACES
GREEN SPACE
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
To simplify this broad range of goals, we distilled them into three core themes that would guide the development of universal solutions: REVITALIZATION, LONGEVITY, and PUBLIC ACCESS.
These overarching principles provide a framework for addressing the diverse needs and aspirations of all stakeholders.
REVITALIZATION
LONGEVITY
PUBLIC ACCESS
FOCUS AREAS
To then further ensure a balanced and comprehensive approach, we identified two key focus areas for each guiding priciple.
DEVELOPMENT
REVITALIZATION
WORKING-IN WITH A VISION POCKET
REVITALIZATION
NEIGHBORHOOD SYNERGY
LONGEVITY
HOLISTIC USE
LONGEVITY
WIDESPREAD ENGAGEMENT
PUBLIC ACCESS
PUBLIC TRANSIT
PUBLIC ACCESS
POCKET DEVELOPMENT
A development strategy focused on activating underutilized spaces around the stadium. This approach starts modestly, with plans to expand gradually as the surrounding area evolves and grows.
HOLISTIC USE
Sustainable, year-round activation through flexible, multi-purpose design that can adapt to various events and community needs.
WIDESPREAD ENGAGEMENT
Connecting the stadium to a more diverse public, creating an inclusive space that serves a broad range of people.
WORKING-IN WITH A VISION
Leveraging the stadium’s large-scale development as a catalyst to align with and enhance existing urban plans, driving broader city-wide improvements.
NEIGHBORHOOD SYNERGY
Thoughtful integration with the surrounding neighborhood by respecting its existing character and culture, while fostering community engagement throughout the design process.
PUBLIC TRANSIT
Prioritize connectivity by ensuring the stadium is seamlessly integrated with the city’s transportation infrastructure, promoting accessibility and sustainability.
WOULD IT BE DIFFERENT?
If these principles had been applied to existing stadium designs, they might have unlocked new funding opportunities and garnered greater public support
By positioning stadiums as vital community assets, taxpayers would likely have been more willing to back subsidies, knowing the projects would deliver long-term value to the city and its residents.
https://www.royalsreview.com/2024/2/13/24072188/royals-at-a-crossroads-as-they-propose-downtown-ballpark-in-crossroads-district
https://www.chiefs.com/stadium/concepts
https://www.archpaper.com/2024/02/gensler-unveils-new-chicago-white-sox-stadium-in-the-south-loop-and-repurposed-guaranteed-rate-field-in-bridgeport/
https://manica.global/page/new-chicago-bears-stadium
APPLICATION 06
THE TOOLKIT
To test this theory, we reevaluated each stadium proposal, using our toolkit as a reference for what could constitute the ideal urban stadium development.
To quantify the data and insights gathered from each city and stadium proposal, we created a set of questions based on our three guiding principles and their respective focus areas.
REVITALIZATION
Is the scale of the surrounding development compatible with existing bunesses?
Are there plans to revitalize underused and neglected areas nearby?
Does it allocate space for local vendors?
Does it build upon previous revitalization efforts?
Does it boost the community’s long-term plans?
Will it promote local team pride?
LONGEVITY
Does it include plansfor ongoing community feedback?
Is there a plan to protect local businesses?
Can it adapt to shifts is demographics or economy?
Is it flexible enough to host a variety of events?
Will it be economically viable in the off-peak times?
Does it link to sustainable hospitality options that can manage large crowds?
PUBLIC ACCESS
Does it connect to diverse housing options?
Does it foster connections to the non-sports fan?
Does it account space for community-based programs?
Will it align with the existing public transit network?
Does it prioritize pedestrian movement?
Will it promote use of public transit?
GRADING SYSTEM
Posing questions with a 1-5 scale created the ability to assess how each guiding principle impacted outcomes; 5 representing a strong positive, 3 neutral, and 1 a strong negative. Each guiding principle includes six questions, meaning the maximum score for any principle is 30.
REVITALIZATION
POCKET DEVELOPMENTS WORKING IN WITH A VISION
EVALUATING THE PROPOSAL
Is the scale of the surrounding development compatible with existing businesses?
Are there plans to revitalize underused and neglected areas nearby? Does it allocate space for local vendors? Does it build upon previous revitalization efforts? Does it boost the community’s long-term plans? Will it promote local team pride?
LONGEVITY
NEIGHBORHOOD SYNERGY HOLISTIC USE
EVALUATING THE PROPOSAL
Does it include plans for ongoing community feedback?
Is there a plan to protect local businesses?
Can it adapt to shifts is demographics or economy?
Is it flexible enough to host a variety of events?
Will it be economically viable in the off-peak times?
Does it link to hospitality options that can sustainably manage large crowds?
PUBLIC ACCESS
WIDESPREAD ENGAGEMENT
EVALUATING THE PROPOSAL
Does it connect to diverse housing options?
Does it foster connections to the non-sports fan?
Does it account space for community-based programs?
Will it align with the existing public transit network?
Does it prioritize pedestrian movement? Will it promote use of public transit?
GUIDING PRINCIPLE
KANSAS CITY ROYALS // KAUFFMAN STADIUM
FOCUS AREAS
Is the scale of the surrounding development compatible with existing businesses?
3
Does it build upon previous revitalization efforts?
Does it include plans for ongoing community feedback?
1
Is it flexible enough to host a variety of events?
3
Does it connect to diverse housing options?
5
Are there plans to revitalize and neglected areas
3 1
Does it boost the community’s long-term plans?
Is there a plan to protect businesses?
Will it be economically off-peak times?
3
Does it foster connections non-sports
Will it align with the existing public transit network? Does it prioritize pedestrian
5
3
Does it allocate space for local vendors? community’s plans?
protect local businesses?
economically viable in the times?
2 2 connections to the non-sports fan? revitalize underused areas nearby?
Will it promote local team pride?
Can it adapt to shifts is demographics or economy?
Does it link to hospitality options that can sustainably manage large crowds?
5
Does it account space for community-based programs?
pedestrian movement?
Will it promote use of public transit?
KANSAS CITY CHIEFS // GEHA FIELD
FOCUS AREAS
Is the scale of the surrounding development compatible with existing businesses?
1 1
Does it build upon previous revitalization efforts?
Are there plans to revitalize and neglected areas
Does it boost the community’s long-term plans?
Does it include plans for ongoing community feedback?
Is it flexible enough to host a variety of events?
3
Does it connect to diverse housing options?
Will it align with the existing public transit network?
2
1 1 1
Is there a plan to protect businesses?
Will it be economically off-peak times?
4
Does it foster connections non-sports
Does it prioritize pedestrian
3
revitalize underused areas nearby? Does it allocate space for local vendors?
community’s plans?
protect local businesses?
1
5 5
economically viable in the times?
Will it promote local team pride?
4
Can it adapt to shifts is demographics or economy?
Does it link to hospitality options that can sustainably manage large crowds?
connections to the non-sports fan?
Does it account space for community-based programs?
pedestrian movement?
2 1 1 1 1 1
Will it promote use of public transit?
CHICAGO BEARS // SOLDIER FIELD
FOCUS AREAS
Is the scale of the surrounding development compatible with existing businesses?
3
1
Does it build upon previous revitalization efforts?
Are there plans to revitalize and neglected areas
5
Does it boost the community’s long-term plans?
Does it include plans for ongoing community feedback?
3
Is it flexible enough to host a variety of events?
5
Does it connect to diverse housing options?
3
Will it align with the existing public transit network?
4
Is there a plan to protect businesses?
3
Will it be economically off-peak times?
5
Does it foster connections non-sports
3
Does it prioritize pedestrian
5
protect local businesses?
5
Will it promote local team pride?
3
Can it adapt to shifts is demographics or economy?
economically viable in the times?
1 connections to the non-sports fan? revitalize underused areas nearby? Does it allocate space for local vendors? community’s plans?
pedestrian movement?
Does it link to hospitality options that can sustainably manage large crowds?
5
Does it account space for community-based programs?
5
5 5
Will it promote use of public transit?
CHICAGO WHITE SOX // GUARANTEED RATE FIELD
FOCUS AREAS
Is the scale of the surrounding development compatible with existing businesses?
3
Does it build upon previous revitalization efforts?
Does it include plans for ongoing community feedback?
Is it flexible enough to host a variety of events?
4
Are there plans to revitalize and neglected areas
4 5 5 5 5 5
3 1 1
Does it boost the community’s long-term plans?
Does it connect to diverse housing options?
Is there a plan to protect businesses?
Will it be economically off-peak times?
4 4
Does it foster connections non-sports
Will it align with the existing public transit network? Does it prioritize pedestrian
4
revitalize underused areas nearby? Does it allocate space for local vendors? community’s plans?
Will it promote local team pride?
protect local businesses?
economically viable in the times?
Can it adapt to shifts is demographics or economy?
Does it link to hospitality options that can sustainably manage large crowds?
5
2 connections to the non-sports fan?
Does it account space for community-based programs?
pedestrian movement?
Will it promote use of public transit?
TOOLKIT USAGE
While we now may have the numbers to quantify each stadium’s failure per our framework, we acknowledge that no city is the same nor the communities within them.
“Whatever adds value to what is already around it”
“Trying to find a common ground area and not destroy several small businesses”
Based on our survey, we identified a range of demands that are highly specific to each city.
Given the distinct characteristics of these cities, we carefully reassessed each proposal to pinpoint their key strengths and areas of weakness.
STRENGTH WEAKNESS VS.
“It needs to support local businesses and not corporate ones. It needs to support the community and not line billionaire’s pockets”
“No new stadiums”
“Urban if the area can support it, and it doesn’t require tearing down businesses and homes, forcing them to relocate.”
“Wherever there are many buildings together that need to be demolished for public safety or land otherwise needing to be worked to revitalize the city”
“Would ideally prefer some kind of public transportation if available”
MAKING GRAND “GRAND”
SOUTH LOOP LINK OVER I70
$10 MILLION REVITALIZATION
STREET CAR ROUTE
ROYALS | URBAN
- Plans to revitalize underused and neglected areas nearby - Builds upon previous revitalization efforts
- Boosts the community’s long-term plans
WALKABLE CONNECTION TO UNDER-USED EVENT CENTER
TO 18TH & VINE
1. https://www.facebook.com/groups/914950488682573/?locale=fi_FI&_rdr 2. https://kcsouthloopproject.org/
3. https://www.startlandnews.com/2024/02/crossroads-ballpark-royals/royals-east-crossroads-rendering-09/
https://www.bizjournals.com/kansascity/news/2022/06/21/kc-streetcar-main-street-extension-pershing27th.html
5. https://www.t-mobile.com/news/un-carrier/t-mobile-center
https://www.flickr.com/photos/mediafury/4011825398//
ROYALS | URBAN
DEMOLITION ZONE
1. https://www.kmuw.org/sports/2024-02-19/the-royals-chose-a-stadium-site-but-still-havent-made-a-deal-withworkers-or-the-crossroads
2. https://cadryskitchen.com/kansas-city-missouri/
3. https://www.chartreusesaloon.com/
4. https://www.toms-town.com/our-story
CHIEFS | SUBURBAN
LONGEVITYHOLISTIC USE
- Flexible enough to host a variety of events - Economically viable in the off-peak times
ACTIVATION ZONE
CHIEFS | SUBURBAN
PUBLIC ACCESSWIDESPREAD ENGAGEMENT
- Does NOT connect to diverse housing options
- Does NOT connect to the non-sports fan
18.8 ACRES BUILDABLE AREA
ISOLATED SITE
YEAR-ROUND AVAILABILITY
FOOD + BEVERAGE + RETAIL PLAZA
SUPER BOWLS FINAL FOURS ENTERTAINMENT
BEARS | URBAN
LONGEVITYHOLISTIC USE
- Flexible enough to host a variety of events
- Economically viable in the off-peak times
- Linked to hospitality options to account for large crowds
MINIMIZING TAILGATING
BEARS | URBAN
REVITALIZATIONWORKING-IN WITH A VISION
“OPEN, CLEAR, AND FREE FOR PUBLIC USE”
- Does NOT align with the Lakefront Protection Ordinance (too large of footprint)
- Limited tailgating options may reduce local team pride
1. https://manica.global/page/new-chicago-bears-stadium 2. https://www.choosechicago.com/articles/holidays/4th-of-july-in-chicago/ 3. https://www.architecture.org/news/chicagos-playscapes/biking-and-chicagos-lakefront-trail/ 4. https://emmers712.blogspot.com/2012/08/humbled.html
3 CTA LINES
15 MIN WALK TO THE HEART OF DOWNTOWN
PUBLIC ACCESSPUBLIC TRANSIT
- Aligns with Chicago’s existing public transportation system - Prioritizes pedestrian movement
- Connection to southside fans through Metra service
METRA SERVICE TO SOUTH SIDE FANS
1. https://www.chicago-l.org/stations/roosevelt-wabash.html
2. https://www.virginexperiencegifts.com/illinois/chicago/best-of-chicago-sightseeing-tour
3. https://www.rtands.com/passenger/rapid-transit-light-rail/cta-begins-construction-on-cermak-green-line-station/
4. https://manica.global/page/new-chicago-bears-stadium
5. https://www.choosechicago.com/neighborhoods/albany-park/
6. https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/metra-will-continue-100-monthly-passes-other-discount-fares-for-2023/
7. https://chicago.suntimes.com/white-sox/2024/03/28/white-sox-opening-day-2024-time-score-updates
CHICAGO WATER TAXI RIVER
WHITE SOX | URBAN
LONGEVITYNEIGHBORHOOD SYNERGY
- New location no longer reflects the teams “Southside” identity - Potential to weaken the strong sense of team pride that has been historically rooted in Chicago’s Southside
GUIDING PRINCIPLE FOCUS AREA
26 REVITALIZATION WORKING-IN WITH A VISION
27
15 LONGEVITY HOLISTIC USE 50%
HOLISTIC USE
TRANSIT LONGEVITY
87%
87% PUBLIC ACCESS 26
Upon reassessing each stadium proposal through the most critical lenses, we found that while they each showcased significant design strengths, their failure to fully address community concerns ultimately resulted in a loss of public support and funding.
GUIDING PRINCIPLE FOCUS AREA
LONGEVITY
16
NEIGHBORHOOD SYNERGY
10 PUBLIC ACCESS WIDESPREAD ENGAGEMENT
21 REVITALIZATION
21 LONGEVITY 33%
WORKING-IN WITH A VISION
NEIGHBORHOOD SYNERGY
APPLYING OUR TOOLKIT
Urban stadium development is a complex and multifaceted process, and achieving a solution that satisfies all stakeholders is no easy process.
LONGEVITY
REVITALIZATION
PUBLIC ACCESS
However, when architects embrace the three guiding principles—REVITALIZATION, LONGEVITY, and PUBLIC ACCESS—as the foundation for decision-making... they can craft designs that not only balance the diverse needs of businesses and communities but also create lasting value.
RESULTS
This approach fosters collaboration, transforms challenges into opportunities, and sets the stage for mutually beneficial agreements that benefit all parties involved.
CONCLUSION 07
INVESTIGATED CIVIC IDENTITY AND STADIUM CONTEXT.
EXPLORED THE SIGNIFICANCE AND EVOLUTION OF URBAN STADIUM DEVELOPMENTS. 01 02 03
We began by exploring the shift in stadium development from suburban locations to city centers, driven by urban renewal efforts. We focused on the surge in stadium construction since the 2000s, peaking in 2020, and examined the motivations behind these projects, such as maximizing revenue through iconic venues and mixeduse developments, while also noting the growing importance of community engagement in the proposal process.
Next, we looked at the civic identities of Kansas City and Chicago, analyzing the current stadiums of two professional sports teams considering new venues. We assessed how these stadiums fit within their environments, their unique features, and their cultural significance, gaining insight into how new developments might impact these communities.
ANALYZED NEW PROPOSALS.
We then analyzed the focusing on their designs, community-oriented features. the funding strategies, between private and evaluated claims of job creation tied to these
03
NEW STADIUM PROPOSALS. REASSESSED THE ROLE OF ARCHITECTS IN PUBLIC DISCOURSE. EVALUATING AND REFINING THE PROPOSALS. 04 05 new stadium proposals, designs, locations, and features. We also compared strategies, especially the balance public investment, and economic benefits and these projects.
We reassessed the role of architects as mediators between business and community interests, emphasizing the importance of listening and understanding both sides. This led to the creation of a toolkit designed to help balance business needs with community priorities in future stadium proposals.
The final exercise involved applying our toolkit to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the stadium proposals. We identified areas for improvement to better align with community support and ensure success, recognizing that each city and community has unique needs and that no universal solution exists for stadium development.
MOVING FORWARD
CAPSTONE STUDIO
We will be continuing our research in a capstone studio project at KU next semester.
THE IDEAL URBAN SITE
We will be using our newfound knowledge of stadium developments in urban environments to pick the ideal urban site within Kansas City with the help of our toolkit.
We will be continuting the conversation by distributing what we have researched to KU, and leaders in the sports architecture community.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SOURCES CONSULTED FOR RESEARCH
Ahlfeldt, Gabriel, and Wolfgang Maennig.“Stadium Architecture and Urban Development from the Perspective of Urban Economics.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, vol. 34, no. 3, Sept. 2010, pp. 629–646, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00908.x.
Badenhausen, Kurt.“NFL Preps for Burst of Stadium Construction after Recent Quiet Era.” Sportico, 19 Dec. 2023, www.sportico.com/leagues/football/2023/nfl-new-stadiums-whats-next-1234709192/.
Bears Active in Social Justice Initiatives.https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears-active-in-social-justice-initiatives.
Billingsley, Cooper.“Bears President Shifts Stadium Vision Back to Lakefront.” Chicago YIMBY, 1 Apr. 2024, chicagoyimby.com/2024/04/bears-president-refocuses-stadium-plan-on-lakefront.html.
Bradbury, John Charles, et al.“The Impact of Professional Sports Franchises and Venues on Local Economies: A Comprehensive Survey.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4022547.
Brazil, B.“Is Chicago Bears $4.6B Stadium Proposal Even POSSIBLE?” YouTube, 25 Apr. 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_oFWcBj-J4&t=1s.
Calacal, Celisa.“Jackson County Voters Reject Stadium Sales Tax That Would Fund New Royals Ballpark.” KCUR, 3 Apr. 2024, www.kcur.org/politics-elections-and-government/2024-04-02/royals-chiefs-stadium-sales-tax-question-1-results-jackson-county-kansas-city-election.
Capone, N.“White Sox: Brief History of Team’s Home Ballparks.” Southside Showdown, 28 Mar. 2018, https://southsideshowdown.com/2018/03/28/home-field-history/. Chicago, N. (Ed.).“Chicago Bears’ Stadium Saga: EXPLAINED.” YouTube, 25 Mar. 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8Rf_BM_iQE.
Chicago, A.“Authentically Chicago: City of Neighborhoods.” MG Group Chicago, 9 Nov. 2023, https://mggroupchicago.com/authentically-chicago-city-of-neighborhoods/.
Corwin, Charles S.Impacts of Professional Sports Stadium Development Projects on Urban Areas. Manhattan, Kansas, 2011, pp. 1–61.
Cortes, Charmaine.“How to Get to the Guaranteed Rate Field: An Efficient Route Summary.” The Stadiums Guide, 1 Sept. 2023, https://www.thestadiumsguide.com/usa/ illinois/how-to-get-to-guaranteed-rate-field/.
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PROGRESS MEETING AGENDA
09.12.24
MEETING ATTENDEES
• Gretchen Kelly Gensler
• Ava Hause
• Dakoda Ash
GastingerWalker&
• Sophia Fields
• Peyton Pearson
• Connor Mcrae
• Milena Leara
• Andrea Shadrach
• Kevin Harden
MEETING SUMMARY
GRAPHICS:
• Start to use a graphic style early, maintain throughout semester
• Find color palette
• Remember there will be a booklet and presentation, different formats
COMMENTS:
• Look more specifically into stadium developments in URBAN environments
• Find positive & negative case studies to support our research
• Do we want to make a claim about the topic? (neutral, positive, negative)
• Apply research to current stadium location
- what worked and what didn’t?
- did they cause displacement/gentrification? (Uniquue for KC stadiums)
- How did they consider their surrounding communities?
• Make it ours
- possibiltiy to add more categories (policy?)
- additional city research
MOVING FORWARD:
• think about next semester - how we can treat this as a cohesive thesis?
• Start to think about the questions we want to ask in our survey
- what will help benefit our research?
- Can use these results as a source for the community?
PROGRESS MEETING AGENDA
10.03.24
KEY DATES
MEETING ATTENDEES
• Gretchen Kelly Gensler
• Ava Hause
• Dakoda Ash
GastingerWalker&
• Sophia Fields
• Peyton Pearson
• Connor Mcrae
• Milena Leara
• Andrea Shadrach
• Kevin Harden
MEETING SUMMARY
GRAPHICS:
• Graphic style and colors work, fitting for the topic
• Start to have more slides that lead into what we already have
• The graphics look great but we need to make sure the story works
COMMENTS:
• Get all the content onto slides, can just be words and placeholders so we can start to create the story
• Start to practice presentation like we would for final in meetings, at least what we have
• We spent a lot of time talking about KC and Chicago, find a way to bring more of our research into the presentation to help with the story telling
• Shorten the thesis statement into fewer sentences
• When we start talking about the thesis in the presentation, remember to keep weaving it throughout
PROGRESS MEETING AGENDA
10.17.24
KEY DATES MEETING ATTENDEES
- CO-OP Kickoff
• Ava Hause
• Gretchen Kelly Gensler
• Dakoda Ash
GastingerWalker&
• Sophia Fields
• Peyton Pearson
• Connor Mcrae
• Milena Leara
• Andrea Shadrach
• Kevin Harden
MEETING SUMMARY
GRAPHICS:
• Do presentation as pages rather than slides
• Show images of the stadium, portraying the ideas talking about
- “the sea of concrete”
- “tailgating culture”
• Love the photo collages!
• More zoomed in view of chiefs stadium as well
• Maybe bring the collage into the stadium pages as well
COMMENTS:
• Always be asking yourselves “why?” - Make sure each slide has a purpose
• Give a title to the chapters/as we present they can be our transition slides
• Each of these stadiums has a new proposal, and our goal is to understand the architect’s role in shaping these developments. To achieve this, we conducted a study of successful examples, which allowed us to develop a comprehensive toolkit to guide future stadium projects.
• Final presentation is only 45 minutes, keep that in mind
• Go by layers with the survey questions
• Try branching questions on google survey
• Give a timeline to current stadiums
KEY DATES
- CO-OP Kickoff
PROGRESS MEETING AGENDA
10.31.24
- Final Pres.
MEETING ATTENDEES
• Gretchen Kelly Gensler
• Ava Hause
• Dakoda Ash
GastingerWalker&
• Sophia Fields
• Peyton Pearson
• Connor Mcrae
• Milena Leara
• Andrea Shadrach
• Kevin Harden
MEETING SUMMARY
GRAPHICS:
• Make the timelines more bold
• Graph doesn’t really say anything, talk about how many stadiums are being built in 2020? The time is now, we need to figure out how to resolve this problem, be the so what to bring us back
• Don’t abbreviate (civic iden.)
• Emphasize the analysis of the number (make the number 400 bigger)
COMMENTS:
• Need to touch on business, see some thought
• What is the menu of the ideal stadium and ideal location
• Touch on the politics more, not only from funding but the culture of each of the city’s
• Hone in on the “so what” earlier in the presentation, before all of the history
• Bring thesis statement in a lot earlier
• Condense presentation and story tell by not deep diving into the case study of each stadium but looking at master plans and the levers they pulled
• What Kansas City people are wanting in their stadium vs Chicago?
• How can incentives of different demographics be aligned for the political lens?
• Pull politics in with the lack of transparency and involvement of the community
• We don’t really need the stadium, so why do we want these supporting facilities to drive these ideas of why people think we need new stadiums - draw back into the business side - what is within the money surrounding infrastructure and where does that fit best
• Change sustainability to longevity
• These stadiums need to last longer, why are we not designing it that way where it can be modified... look at bigger picture
• Why should we care slide, start setting up the thesis
• Comparison between the money and the architectural needs, how do we help them understand that, why does the architect have value, “advice on how to marry these incentives”
• Do a pin up to help with the story and organization
PROGRESS MEETING AGENDA
11.14.24
KEY DATES MEETING ATTENDEES
• Gretchen Kelly Gensler
• Ava Hause
• Dakoda Ash
GastingerWalker&
• Sophia Fields
• Peyton Pearson
• Connor Mcrae
• Milena Leara
• Andrea Shadrach
• Kevin Harden
MEETING SUMMARY
GRAPHICS:
• Looking at other ideas for toolkit matrix
• Find a nice set up to level out how we look at each portion... overall score cards?
COMMENTS:
• Presentation sounded rushed
• Really impactful images, give time to talk about the emotions that were evoking, especially with the community protest slide
• 85% of people are happy stands out to Dakoda, how we have different perspectives about it then the public does, what are the conditions that make it different, what is the extra layer that we need, quantify it!
• The front end of presentation was really nailed down and solid, tying the front-end stuff back into the conclusion
• When we start talking about the toolkit, draw it back to the bridge analogy
• Compare survey results back into the development, why do or don’t these line up?
• Sprinkle in the survey results again, work back into the storytelling to make it more compelling
• Meeting Monday-Wednesday to go over final deliverables, then again the next week to practice the final presentation
• Classify what is good and what is bad about scores
PROGRESS MEETING AGENDA
12.05.24
KEY DATES
MEETING ATTENDEES
• Gretchen Kelly Gensler
• Ava Hause
• Dakoda Ash
GastingerWalker&
• Sophia Fields
• Peyton Pearson
• Connor Mcrae
• Milena Leara
• Andrea Shadrach
• Kevin Harden
MEETING SUMMARY
GRAPHICS:
• Find a way to graphically convey the toolkit conclusion, combine the two ideas we have, don’t ‘need both
• Go through and make sure everything is cohesive in the presentation, looking on larger screen so we can see how it will look during presentation
COMMENTS:
• Figure out how to conclude toolkit in cohesive way
• Maybe scoring is different for KC and Chicago because one is urban, one is not
• Pull from existing slides what is working for each stadium proposal and what isn’t so the audience can see the whole picture better
• Put the axons into the presentation again for the toolkit to highlight the positive things the toolkit found then again for what did not work so well for each stadium
• Timing for presentation seems to be on track, keep practicing
Large-scale developments, including stadiums, cannot thrive in urban environments without affecting the existing culture. When funded by public subsidies, gaining community support is crucial. Without it, these projects will struggle to succeed.
AS AN ARCHITECT, HOW WILL YOU USE YOUR VOICE TO LEAD DISCUSSION ON DESIGN STRATEGIES THAT FOSTER REVITALIZATION WHILE STRENGTHENING COMMUNITY RESILIENCE?