IsoChronic City
Prakriti SonaliSiyangShuyaoSrimalliZhengBordia
Bartlett School of architecture univerSity college london march urBan deSign - rc14
2 |IsoChronic City group members Prakriti 21106489Sonali19110012Siyang21118325Shuyao21038745SrimalLiZhengBordia
MArch Urban Design Research Cluster 14 Bartlett School of Architecture University College London
3IsoChronic City| tutors Roberto Bottazzi, Tasos Varoudis, Eirini Tsouknida, Margarita Chaskopoulou, Vasileios Papalexopoulos
4 |IsoChronic DataIntroductionCityHistoricalBackgroundUrbanizationinLondonFactorsprovingUrbanDecayFormationofSpatialSignaturesDenseUrbanNeighbourhoodsHighStreetsofLondonImpactofPandemicTheCommutergroup15MinuteCityDesignGoalsCollectionGradingtheCity“In15Minutes”PartIDemographicDataCollectionSpatialDataCollectionAccessibilityDataCollection Site Selection via Machine Learning Angular Step Depth : Macro Scale PCA and KMeans Site Analysis Site Selection Criteria Angular Step Depth : Micro Scale Spatial Quality Analysis Geographical Influences Visibility Analysis Image PedestrianSegmentationandVehicular Congestion Sound Analysis Living Environment Quality Amenities on site 32-3330-3128-2924-2722-2320-2118-1914-1712-1310-11 86-8784-8582-8380-8176-7974-7572-7368-6964-6758-6356-5754-5550-5148-4946-4744-4536-43 Contents
Algorithmic Simulations Cellular ReferencesDesignEvolutionaryAgentOptimizationAutomataAlgorithmBasedSimulationAlgorithmStrategyIsoChronicGenerativeLoopMasterplanEmplacementofInterventionsDesignProposalElevatedSegmentsVoidSegmentsMobileSegments“In15Minutes”PartIIDesignImpact|Sources 164-165162-163150-151138-161124-137112-123108-111104-107102-103100-10196-9794-9592-9390-91
Introduction
8 |IntroductionWhatreurbanization of cities will look like as they start to emerge from the Covid-19 crisis ?
9IsoChronic City|
Based on current growth rates, the predicted proportion of the population living in urban areas by 2050 is 66 percent. (UNDESA, 2018).
Prior to 1950, urbanization mostly occurred in MEDCs (Most Economically Developed Countries) and the total world population comprised of 34% of the urban population. Rapid Urbanization due to industrialization led to an increment in the urban population up to 55% by the twenty first century.
However, due to the magnitude of population growth, lack of infrastructure and haphazard development, Urbanization, which was as instrument and agent for economic, political, and social progress became the cause of serious socioeconomic problems while putting pressure on public utilities like housing, transportation, sanitation, water, health, and education. This leads to the replacement of population from urban/ inner city to rural residential areas.
Reurbanization, noticed in some cities in 1970s has exponentially increased since then and can be described as an absolute or relative population centralization in the inner city amid a context of population decline in the functional urban Historicalregion.Background
10 |Introduction
11IsoChronic City| JakartaBerlinKolkata NewManilaTokyoYork Sao MumbaiPoloLondon
12
Urbanization|Introduction in London
However in the beginning of 1940s, the city underwent counterurbanization where the population migrated to the suburbs which led to its development.
London is one of the prime examples of urbanisation since 1900s. The population shift altered the land use, economic activity and cultural activities.
13IsoChronic City|
After the 1970s, came reurbanization. The relative population centralization in the inner city amid a context of population decline in the functional urban region.
16 Amalgamation2010|Introductionof Factors Factors20192015 proving Urban Decay 2 4km0
17IsoChronic City| Population EnvironmentBarriersEmploymentEducationIncomeDensityHealthtoHousingQualityCrime
AccessibilityDistributionLevels
18 Formation|Introduction of Spatial Signatures
Further division in the core, mostly commercial/ mixed use with few residential areas, surrounded by the suburbs and bordered by the green belt.
Population Density Land Use
Branching on the basis of accessibility to amenities and transport form the signatures which characterise spaces based on form and function
Dividing the city into 3 zones with high population concentration in the core which gradually reduces till the outskirts.
Breaking down London into zones on the basis of several parameters
19IsoChronic City| Warehouse/ Park land Urban AccessibleConcentratedConnectedCountrysideDenseDenseDisconnectedGriddedHyperLocalMetropolitanOpenRegionalBufferUrbanitySprawlUrbanityUrbanityConcentratedUrbanityResidentialQuartersSuburbiaUrbanNeighbourhoodsResidentialAgricultureResidentialUrbanitySuburbia24km0
Evaluating accessibility to amenities such as post boxes, groceries, educational and medical facilities etc.
20 |Introduction
Selectingsignature.
Dense Urban Neighbourhoods
Studying region’s prominent characteristics and analysing it on parameters such as land use and connectivity to commercial areas.
the dense urban neighbourhood signature for further study as it is predominantly residential in nature with direct access to jobs and services and close to the urban core of London.
Identifying areas with high commercial activities in the dense urban neighbourhood
Selection criteria for the dense urban neighbourhood signature
21IsoChronic City| Accessibility to Utilities Accessibility to Education Accessibility to Markets Accessibility to2Medical4km0
High streets contribute to the commercial, social, environmental and economic value of London. Two thirds of London’s developable land is on or near a high street and outside the centre, over half of London’s jobs are spread across 600 high streets.
22 |Introduction
High streets serve a wide range of Londoners in multiple and inclusive ways. They are highly social, diverse and accessible spaces. Two thirds of Londoners live within a five minute walk of a high street and almost half of Londoners do not leave their local area daily. The high streets are facing changes and a range of challenges creating opportunities for urban change.
Activity usage % in Town Centres & High Streets
Source: GLA City Intelligence
HighStreets of London
23IsoChronic City| DenseHighStreetsUrban 0Neighbourhoods24km
24 |Introduction
Since December 2019, the world has been battling Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which has led to a death toll of 24.3 million (as of April 2022).
During the pandemic, workplace attendance dropped 70 percent lower than normal, while trips to shops, restaurants and museums decreased by 80 percent. The tube, rail and bus usage went down around 80 per cent. The trips to grocery stores and pharmacies had also fallen below their normal level.
London was hit earlier and harder by the virus compared to the rest of the United Kingdom. London’s tourism and cultural economy was severely impacted. Now The pandemic poses fundamental challenges to the economy, quality of life and sustainability.
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Impact of Pandemic
Covid 19 Cases in London Boroughs
Source: GLA London Datastore
26 Activity|Introductionusage%during Covid 19 Source: Covid 19 Mobility Report- GLA, London Datastore Impact of Pandemic 0 100 Understanding the impact of changes in footfall trends in various sectors
27IsoChronic City|2022 Grocery and TransportPharmacy Commercial Spaces Green Spaces Retail and Recreational Spaces Medical Facilities 202020202022
Many companies introduced a hybrid model that combines days in the office with time spent working at home. The pandemic sparked a suburban revival and dispersal of activity across London, as well as its wider commuter belt,
as people split their week in half between working from home and going to central employment and leisure hubs. Remote working and digital technology also changed the usage of transport and services triggering environmental benefits.
Group
During the Covid-19 outbreak several of London residents lost their jobs or were restricted to work from home. The pandemic prompted an exodus to the outskirts as people working from home became eager for bigger living and garden spaces.
28 ThePrePost|IntroductionPandemicPandemicCommuter
15 Minute City
The concept of a 15 minute city is derived from historical ideas about proximity and walkability. The climate crisis and global COVID-19 pandemic combined to accelerate consideration and implementation of the 15-minute city.
Carlos Moreno first proposed the 15-minute city in 2016, a polycentric city, where density is made pleasant, one’s proximity is vibrant, and social intensity (a large number of productive, intricately linked social ties) is real. Others have proposed similar but varying models within the field of “chrono-urbanism”.
30 |Introduction
The 15-minute city, with its emphasis on walkability and accessibility, has been put forward as a way to better serve groups of people that have historically been left out of planning, such as women, children, people with disabilities, and the elderly. Social infrastructure is also emphasized in order to maximize urban functions such as schools, parks, and complementary activities for residents. There’s also a large focus on access to green space, which may promote positive environmental impacts and encourage sustainability.
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TheDesign|IntroductionGoalsaimistocreate an IsoChronic city which is a sustainable, inclusive and accessible for all.
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Data Collection
Defining what exactly it means to be a 15-minute city can be a bit complicated because of the diversity of needs people have and the ways in which those needs can change during a person’s lifetime.
Grading the City
Using the data, the areas are each assigned point scores of 1 to 10 (10 being the best) in three categories, access to amenities, spatial qualities and commutability.
36 |Data Collection
However, a grading system is devised which tries to evaluate the city based on the basic needs and characteristics of the area. This system is applied on a focus area around the Highstreets of London in the Dense Urban Neighbourhood Spatial Layer.
The amenities and services are scored based on their number and distance from the Highstreets. These area scores are then compiled together into a final score. The areas identified are the site of interest.
37IsoChronic City| Traffic Residential Utilities GreenPublicSpacesUtilities Retail Recreationaland Commercial Spaces GroceryPharmacyand Medical FacilitiesEducation IntegrationLivingEnvironment Quality Number of Crimes Number of Trees 3% 3% 3% 4%3%4%4%4% 4% 5% 8% 15% 17% 22% 4% 14% 15% 0.5km1.5km2km 5km 2km 0.5km 1.5km 3km Bike Stations Bus Stops Taxi Stations Bike Stations basedGradingonRange
38 |Data Collection 2 4km Process0 of Grading Commercial Spaces ReligiousCulturalRestaurantsSpacesSpaces
39IsoChronic City| Amenities in 0.5km Radius Amenities in 3km Radius Amenities in 1.5km Radius Amenities in 2km Radius Residential Utilities Post Box GreenATM Spaces Educational Facilities Medical Facilities PharmacyGrocery
40 |Data ProcessCollectionofGrading Bank and Gov. Offices Fire PoliceGasStationStationStation Post Office 2 4km0
41IsoChronic City| Commutability in 0.5km Radius Commutability in 1.5km Radius Services in 5km Radius Commutability in 2km Radius Bank and Gov. Office Fire PoliceGasStationStationStation Post Office Bike Station Bus Stop Taxi Station Train Station
42 |Data Collection Result of Grading Site 1 22% Access to Amenities 09% Spatial Qualities 04% Commutibility 31% Access to Amenities 05% Spatial Qualities 05% Commutibility 24% Access to Amenities 12% Spatial Qualities 06% Commutibility 30% Access to Amenities 06% Spatial Qualities 06% Commutibility 29% Access to Amenities 09% Spatial Qualities 04% Commutibility 33% Access to Amenities 07% Spatial Qualities 05% Commutibility Site 3 Site 5 Site 2 Site 4 Site 6 The results revealed six highstreets within the dense urban neighbourhoods with low access to amenities and transport and poor spatial qualities.
43IsoChronic City| Site 1 Site 2Site 3 Site 6 Site 4 Site 5 1.5 3kmLow0 High
How much can you do by walking for no more than 15 minutes from your front door? Can you do your grocery shopping? Pick up your prescriptions from the drugstore? See your doctor? Find a decent cup of coffee and something good to eat? Go to a train station or bus stop to travel beyond your neighborhood easily?
44 |Data Collection
“In 15 Minutes” Part I
Functions like these, taken together, define the “15-minute City.” The application can be used by citizens to learn whether they live in one or not.
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46 |Data DemographicCollection Data Collection Population Density 0 - 2000 0 - 500 0 - £40000 0 - 29 Years 2000 - 8000 500 - 1000 30£40000-£60000-64Years8000 - 20000 1000 - 2000 65+£60000-£100000YearsEmployment Age IncomeGroup 3 6km0
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48 |Data SpatialCollectionData Collection Age of Buildings Pre 1900 0 - 20% 0 - 40 0 - 20 1900 - 1965 20% - 60% 40 - 80 20 - 40 1965 - 2000 60% - 100% 80 - 120 40 - 100 Living Environment Quality Number of Crimes Number of Trees 3 6km0
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Living Environment Quality Number of Treesof Buildings Number of Crimes
Age
50 |Data Collection Traffic due to Cycles 0 - 200 0 - 5000 0 - 100 0 - 10 200 - 4000 5000 - 30000 100 - 400 10 - 50 4000 - 8000 30000 - 65000 400 - 800 50 - 150 Traffic due to Vehicles Public Transport Accessibility Levels Integration of Streets R2000 Commutability Data Collection 3 6km0
51IsoChronicIntegrationCity|Traffic due to Vehicles PTAL Traffic due to Cycles
52 |IsoChronic City
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Site Selection via Machine Learning
54 |Site Selection Via Machine LearningSite 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site Site4 5 Site 6 2 4km Angular0 Step Depth : Macro Scale Calculating the shortest angular paths from the selected segment to all other segments within the system that uses the fewest number of turns.
55IsoChronic City|
Site
1 Site 3 Site 5 Site 2 Site 4 Site 6
57IsoChronic City| Heatmap of PCA Population Density Age Group: 0-29 Age Group: 30-64 Age Group: LivingNumberAgeIncomeEmployment65+ofBuildingsofCrimeEnvironment Quality Number of Walk/PrivatePublicTransportRecreationalResidentialGreenMedicalGroceryEducationalCommercialTreesFootfallFootfallFootfallFootfallSpacesFootfallFootfallFootfallFootfallTransporttoWorkTransporttoWorkCycletoWork Traffic due to Cycles Traffic due to Vehicles Public Transport Accessibility Angular Step Depth Integration of Streets 10 2 00.10.20.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3
58 |Site Selection Via Machine Learning Higher Income Increased retail andfootfallrecreationtrends Site 1 concentrationHigher of amenities Higher ModerateandIncreasedIntegrationnoiseairpollutionlevelsofcrimeactivities Older Buildings Site500mAnalysis1km0
59IsoChronic City| Higher Income Newer Buildings concentrationHigher of amenities Higher Integration Higher number of Moderatetreeslevels of crime activities Older Buildings Site 2
60 |Site Selection Via MachineconcentrationHigherLearningofamenities Older Buildings Higher use of public transport and cycles Higher intensity of population High public accessibilitytransport Higher Income Higher ModerateandIncreasedIntegrationnoiseairpollutionlevelsofcrimeactivities Site Site3750mAnalysis1.5km0
61IsoChronic City| concentrationHigher of amenities Older Buildings Higher intensity of HigherpopulationIncomeFewer Trees Newer Buildings Low environmentlivingquality Moderate living environment quality High levels of activitiescrime Moderate intensity of population Site 4
62 |Site Selection Via Machine Learning concentrationHigher of amenities Fewer environmentModeratetreeslivingquality Newer ModerateModerateBuildingspublictransportaccessintensityofpopulation Site Site5500mAnalysis1km0
63IsoChronic City| concentrationHigher of amenities Fewer trees Fewer trees Moderate living environment quality Moderate living environment quality High levels of activitiescrime Site 6 Older Buildings Higher intensity of HigherpopulationIncome
Selection Criteria
Detailed evaluation of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and issues which lead to selection of Site 1 for further study.
64 |Site Selection Via Machine Learning 2 4kmSite0
Harlesden Junction Mordaunt Road
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A404 and Winchelsea Road Junction
Kensal Green Cemetery
Willesden Junction Park Parade Junction
Kensal Green Cemetery
Acton Works
Barry Green Road Junction
66 |Site Selection Via Machine Learning Site Selection Criteria Overground railway lines crossing through site connecting with east
Willesden Post Office Willesden Green Baptist Church High Road Kilburn RuachLibrary City Church Poor QualityEstates Decay of Highstreets Few UtilitiesPublic
Dudden Hill Lane Analysis of amenities show that there is lack of community centres & public squares for interaction
Drastic difference between built fabric on either sides of the rail
Kilburn High Road Car Dominance Uneven Distribution of Amenities Landuse on site comprises of either Residential or Commercial spaces. The open spaces on site are mostly used as burial grounds. Variation of age group 0 - 29 years 30 - 64 Overlappingyears age groups Poor living environment scores due to increased levels of noise pollution and air pollution 1 2km0
Willesden Junction
67IsoChronic City| MedicalBrondesburyCentre Chamberlayne Road
68 |Site Selection Via Machine Learning Angular Step Depth : Micro Scale 1 2kmDividing0 the high integrated street in 20 segments to calculate angular step depth at regular intervals Amalgamation of Segments
69IsoChronic City| Segment 1 Segment 6 and 7 Segment 14, 15 and 16 Segment 2 and 3 Segment 8, 9 and 10 Segment 17 and 18 Segment 4 and 5 Segment 11, 12 and 13 Segment 19 and 20
Spatial Quality Analysis
Analysissoil.
the location of buildings, roads, walkways etc. Orienting them along with the contours reduces the unnecessary cutting and filling of
72 |Spatial Quality ContoursRainfallAnalysisRunoffandSlopeTerrain
Runoff and the peak flow rate help monitor and control the quality and quantity of water
Geographical Influences
1 2kmStudying0 the geographical influences to help understand the topology of the natural ground to position design while analysing shadows will help identifying the dull and dingy areas.
and interpretation of topographic features through GIS to implement in design.
Analysisresources.impacts
73IsoChronic City| OctoberJulyAprilJanuary NovemberAugustMayFebruary DecemberSeptemberJuneMarch Shadow Analysis
Plan and Section showing the impact of visibility analysis on a street
Built BuiltWalkway WalkwayBuffer Parking Roadway CycleLane
The method helps to analyse the inter-visibility connections within buildings or urban network and highlights areas that have more visibility in the urban fabric.
74 |Spatial Quality Analysis
Visibility Analysis
Visibility analysis takes into consideration what can be seen by an observer from a given location. An Isovist is the volume of space visible from a given point in space, together with a specification of the location of that point.
Low High 500m 1km0
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Colour representing the geometric properties of spatial visibility from each segment on the high street
Representation of field of view through satellite imagery from each segment on the high street Isovist Analysis
76 |Spatial Quality Analysis
Cube representing images in 4 directions for each segment
Image Segmentation
The process partitions a digital image into multiple image segments to simplify and/or change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyse. By assigning a label to every pixel and treating multiple objects of the same class as a single entity categories are created which can be measured and compared. The images are divided into three segments, each segment representing built, unbuilt and pedestrian activity.
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78 |Spatial Quality Analysis Image Segmentation ResidentialSupermarketRestaurantBuildingPedestrians People using any mode of GreenPublictransportAreaStreetSpacePavement The result of the semantic segmentation with proportionate distribution among sub categories
500m 1km0
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BuiltPeopleSpaces
unbuilt Spaces
High built density in the central region, mostly consisting of residential buildings
Streets dominated by vehicular traffic with few pedestrians
Unbuilt spaces comprising of streets and pavement with few green spaces
80 |Spatial Quality Analysis Pedestrian and Vehicular Congestion Low High 500m 1km0 Pedestrian Traffic Vehicular Traffic Monitoring footfall and congestion to identify challenges and scope of improvement
81IsoChronic City| Integration of Streets
82 |Spatial Quality Analysis
Sound simulations is to examine the way that sound propagates into the urban fabric. The sound rays spread in the city, indicating that the same sound source could have completely different distribution and reflection on dissimilar open spaces.
500m 1km0
Sound Analysis
IsoChronic City| 83 Segment 1 Segment 5 Segment 9 Segment 13 Segment 17 Segment 2 Segment 6 Segment 10 Segment 14 Segment 18 Segment 3 Segment 7 Segment 11 Segment 15 Segment 19 Segment 4 Segment 8 Segment 12 Segment 16 Segment 20
84 |Spatial Quality Analysis Living Environment Quality Low High 500m 1km550 - 59.9 dB 60 - 64.9 dB 65 - 69.9 dB 70 - 74.9 dB 75+ EvaluatingdB the Noise pollution distribution on site impacting the quality of life
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86 |Spatial Quality Analysis Amenities on Site 500m 1km Distribution0 of amenities on step depths for each segment to identify areas and their respective requirements
87IsoChronic City|12km0 Amalgamation of Interconnected Amenities for each Segment
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Algorithmic Simulations
as Game of Life is a basic tool to this exploration which highlights the intensified area based on certain predefined factors. Intensification on Streets Intensification on Amenities High IncreasedofConcentrationAmenitiesAirandNoisePollution Traffic Congestion Increased Crime Rates Low Visibility High Footfall Poor Accessibility Cellular Automata 500m 1km0
Cellular Automata also known
on exploration of different spatial sequences that will help identify the areas for intervention on a micro scale and develop a design proposal while keeping in consideration the spatial qualities of the site.
The design strategy focuses
90 |Algorithmic Simulations
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94 |Algorithmic Simulations Agent Based Simulation 500m 1km0 3 4 2 1 Selection of 4 segments
95IsoChronic 250mCity|500m0
The algorithm allows to stimulate human movement on the site, initiating their routes from the centre of the four selected segments. The agents are set to move with an initial speed of 2m/s which changes based on the vehicular and pedestrian traffic data for each street. The procedure is set to run for 15 minutes within the radius of 2500 km. At the end of the set timer, the positions and routes of the agents are traced to produce a reduced version of the previously selected site.
EvolutionarySimulationsAlgorithm
The procedure uses evolutionary methods to find optimized solutions for problems. The mechanisms is based on Darwinian evolution and is inspired by biological evolution, such as reproduction, mutation, recombination, and selection.
96 |Algorithmic
The algorithm is used to locate buildings that have low accessibility to amenities as compared to others within a 15 minute walking distance.
200m 400m0
High accessibility to amenities
Isolating all the residential buildings with low accessibility to amenities and identifying their respective requirements.
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Interconnecting the isolated buildings to create a network which will be the foundation for the design proposal.
Low accessibility to amenities
Medium accessibility to amenities
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Design Strategy
100 |Design Strategy 20 Segments derived from Angular Step Depth 4 Selected Segments for Intervention
IsoChronic Generative Loop
The 20 segments derived from spatial computational modelling are influenced by the urban interventions on the selected 4 segments using data extracted from traditional data analysis and deep learning networks creating an IsoChronic Generative Loop.
101IsoChronic City|
Interconnected Network overlapping Intensification derived from CA
Isochronic generative loop created based on the theoretical background of a 15-minute city
102 |Design Strategy Master MasterplanPlan
103IsoChronic 100mCity|200mAbandonedHighBuildingsNetwork0Streets Buildings Unused Buildings
104The emplacement of interventions is obtained by applying a multi objective optimization algorithm which uses spatial quality data to locate street segments with elevated values of predefined attributes. The result of the algorithm is de-constructed to compare the disparity between each generation of every objective when overlapped with space syntax outcomes to locate prospective locations for intervening.Resampling selective spatial quality data on a 5m x 5m grid on site Defining multiple objectives and their weight distribution Poor Living Environment Increased Crime Rates High VehicularIntegrationCongestion High Pedestrian Traffic Calculating and ciphering through the values to find locations that coincide with set objectives functions Highlighting street segments with maximum intensification |Design EmplacementStrategy of Interventions Poor Living Environment Increased Crime Rate High VehicularIntegrationCongestion
105IsoChronic City| Poor Living VehicularIncreaseEnvironmentCrimeRateHighIntegrationCongestion0.00650.00640.00800.00750.00700.00740.0084100110120130120130140150160 0000 5555 10101010 15151515
106 |Design Strategy Iteration 1 Iteration 4 Iteration 7 Iteration 2 Iteration 5 Iteration 8 Iteration 3 Iteration 6 Iteration 9
107IsoChronic City| Prospective Locations for Interventions100m200m0
Poor Living Environment CrimeIncreasedRatesHigh FootfallPedestrian High IntegrationVehicular Congestion
Design Proposal
The prospective locations with their corresponding street segments and adjacent neighbourhood are identified and analysed using results from the algorithmic simulation.
The comparison allows to identify the underlying problems in the urban fabric and categorise segments to provide customized solution for each neighbourhood.
The design proposal constitutes of three types of interventions which aim to restructure existing network centrality to achieve 15 minute city using the Isochronic generative loop.
108 |Design Strategy
109IsoChronic City| Elevated Segment Overlap of all types of segments Void Segment Void Segment Void Segment Void Segment Elevated Segment Mobile Segments Mobile Segments Mobile Segments Categorization of Interventions100m200mVoid0 MobileElevatedSegmentsSegmentsSegments
110 |Design Strategy
Elevated Segments
Aims to increase distance covered within 15 minutes in the city Located in areas with high vehicular congestion Form alters based on realtime GPS data and Sun exposure throughout day Adaptive in nature Consists of pedestrian walkway, cycle path and viewing platforms Design Proposal Void Segments Acts as extension of public spaces to build a sense of Locatedcommunity.inresidential areas with poor living environment Design derived from visibility cones, spatial qualities and segment ConsistsPermanentconnectivityinnatureofplazas,pavilions,cyclepath,playareasandrecreationalspaces Mobile Segments Fulfil residents’ requirements at various locations during the span of a day Located in areas with poor amenity accessibility Elements designed based on necessity, footfall and accessibility Partially temporary in nature Consists of residential utilities, retail, recreational and commercial activities Street Vendors Street Lighting Cycle Lane Seating Pavilions Amphitheatre Street Lighting Canal MobileStackedUnits CanalWalkwaySide Walkway Landscaping as buffer Reduced Traffic
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The elevated segments are located on junctions to reduce the time taken to travel linking together the built environment while distancing the pedestrians from vehicular pollution and congestion.
|Design Strategy
112Elevated Segments
113IsoChronic 100mCity|200mElevated0 Segments Shortest Path IntegrationNetwork of Streets
Elevatedvicinity
Segment located in White City provides pedestrian access in commercial district dominated by highways
ElevatedcongestionSegment
located in Harlesden caters to the densely packed residential area with narrow streets facing high vehicular
The segments are designed on junctions with high pedestrian and vehicular traffic. The outline is obtained by iterating through forms to achieve maximum coverage, smallest shadow cast and highest visual connectivity from surroundings.
114 |Design
located in Park Royal connects the areas divided by the massive rail lines while providing direct access to mobile segment in its
ElevatedStrategySegmentsElevatedSegment
115IsoChronic City|
Transforming the scale of a 2m x 2m grid to achieve the following
High ConnectingMaximumMaximumVisibilityShadowVolumethecentresof each
The form of the walkway in Harlesden is explored through a generative process using footprint and volume of the hypothetical cubes controlled by visibility and shading factors. The cubes are transformed into shortest path from each end of the junction.
The walkways are envisioned to change their form and connections based on real time GPS data and the area of shadow they cast during the day.
Maximum Height Difference
Minimum Footprint High Extrusion Disparity
outline on junction
Iterating through forms to transform cubes and accomplish set objectives cube to form a interconnecting network Find the shortest path between junctions
116 |Design ElevatedStrategySegmentsLocatingtheselected
117IsoChronic City| Junction in Harlesden Creating 2m x 2m grid Scaling the grid for maximum footprint Extruding the grid to create high disparity Vertically moving the grid for more height difference Network through interconnecting centroids 10m 20m0
118 |Design Strategy Shortest Path 1 between B and D Vertices of Junction Transformation of shortest path 1 to Walkway 1 Shortest Path 2 between A and C Vertices of Junction Transformation of shortest path 2 to Walkway 2 Shortest Path 3 between A and D Vertices of Junction Transformation of shortest path 3 to Walkway 3 DC B A DDCC B A B A 10m 20m0
119IsoChronic City| Walkway 1 Walkway 2 Walkway 3 5m 10m0Alterations for Elevated Segment
120 |Design Strategy
121IsoChronic City|
122 |Design Strategy
IsoChronic City|123
Void Segments are carved out between residential neighbourhoods to encourage spaces for social interaction while altering the network centrality by reducing angular steps.
|Design Strategy
124Void Segments
125IsoChronic 100mCity|200m0 Void InterconnectedShortestSegmentsPath Voids LivingNetworkEnvironment Quality
Locating the segment in East Acton and studying the surrounding context
The field of view is drawn for sequential points distributed 10m apart on streets on the site
Void Segments
The segment in East Acton is developed using generative spatial modelling process and data extracted from spatial computational techniques to introduce placemaking elements along with interaction spaces and landscaping in residential neighbourhoods while improving accessibility and spatial quality.
A calculative process identifies areas with maximum visibility along the potential axial references
Fragments of the defined areas are extracted for pedestrianization while proposing alternative routes
The field of view is redrawn to test the impact of the proposed void segment on site
The axial lines are translated into pathways to enhance connectivity ultimately affecting centrality
100m 200m0
128 |Design Strategy
Visibility Graph Analysis
to paved paths and public plazas
to elements - seating spaces and pavilions
Transformed
Transformed
to green spaces
Sun Exposure during Summers Sun Exposure during Winters
Transformed
The orientation of the elements is redirected based on the lines extracted from field of view on the existing site
Amalgamation of Design Elements 25m 50m0
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The void segment located in East Acton is designed to reduce the travel time to offices, increase the distance that can be covered in 15 minutes and provide a place for social interaction as a response to the issues in existing residential neighbourhood.
130 |Design Strategy
Void Segments
Paved spaces with raised platforms are created to serve for outdoor activities and recreation.
Pavilions are constructed with accessible roofs to encourage social interaction and communal gatherings, exhibitions etc.
Junctions are designed to act as the focal point or landmarks in the segment design. Citizens can also use them as points of orientation.
Frames contain lights which illuminate the space during night and are accompanied with planters or seating spaces at intervals.
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25m 50m0
Void Segment at East Acton
134 |Design Strategy
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136 |Design Strategy
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138 |Design Strategy The mobile segments are movable and temporary in nature and are located in areas with poor connectivity and accessibility to amenities.
Mobile Segments
139IsoChronic 100mCity|200mMobile0 ProximityAmenitiesShortestSegmentsPathtoAmenities
Rail Carriages carrying units for the empty open spaces along the railway lines Trucks tow the units to places accessible by the road network providing opportunity for the segments
140 |Design Strategy
Mobile Segments
The intervention consists derived
of units which move on the various networks on site
from the masterplan.
of Transporting Units 250m 500mBoats0 can carry units through the Canals and River for the segments along the edges
to be trulyStreetmobileWaterwayRailNetworkNetwork
Mode
can
Cars or
The locations of mobile segments are analysed in comparison to the contextual conditions for further steps.
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island genetic algorithm is applied on site using the datasets of post pandemic footfall trends.
based Intensification of Green Spaces
Footfall
Mobile Segments
142 |Design Strategy
Steady-state
based intensification Footfall based Intensification of Medical Facilities Transport Footfall based intensification
Population
143IsoChronic City| Footfall based intensification of Recreational Activities Footfall based intensification of Residential Utilities Footfall based intensification of Retail Activities Footfall based intensification of Commercial Activities 250m 500m0
Mobile Segments
Result
144 |Design Strategy
of Genetic Algorithm
The pixels containing residential utilities, commercial, recreational and retail activities are arranged on site using steady-state island genetic algorithm following the intensification of footfall trends
100m 200m0
145IsoChronic City| Footfall based intensification of Recreational Activities Footfall based intensification of Residential Utilities Footfall based intensification of Retail Activities Footfall based intensification of Commercial Activities 50m 100m0
The design of the units is based on the respective function. Several permutation and combinations of various typologies of mobile units are created using simple geometrical transformations such as displacement, orientations, stacking and multiplication.
The residential utilities serve a wide range of purpose such as providing shelter and essentials
The typology caters to commercial activities. The units consist of private and public workspaces
The units house recreational activities for cultural exchange, eating, playing etc
The retail units contains provisions for exchange of goods and services based on requirements
146 |Design Strategy
Mobile Segments
147IsoChronic City| Iteration 1 Iteration 6 Iteration 11 Iteration 16 Iteration 21 Iteration 26 Iteration 2 Iteration 7 Iteration 12 Iteration 17 Iteration 22 Iteration 27 Iteration 3 Iteration 8 Iteration 13 Iteration 18 Iteration 23 Iteration 28 Iteration 4 Iteration 9 Iteration 14 Iteration 19 Iteration 24 Iteration 29 Iteration 5 Iteration 10 Iteration 15 Iteration 20 Iteration 25 Iteration 30
GenerativeSegmentsspatialmodelling
Mobile uses the outcome from the genetic algorithm coupled with the typologies of units to create a masterplan for the mobile segment.
148 |Design Strategy
149IsoChronic 25mCity|50m0
How can you contribute to make your neighbourhood accessible in 15 minutes? The application allows the users to view the surrounding land use, sunlight exposure during summers and winters along with visibility graph analysis and field of view in real time to help them choose an area and transform it to a mobile segment.
Selection can be made from a predefined set of pixels categorised into residential, commercial, retail and recreational. The app then prompts to select and position a unit from a list of typologies. The user can experience the design area through virtual reality.
“In 15 Minutes” Part II
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151IsoChronic City|
152 |Design Strategy Overground Rail Lines Integration of Streets Slope and Contour Building Shadows Visibility Graph Analysis Sun Exposure during Summers Sun Exposure during Winters Isovist AnalysisIsovist Analysis Noise on MobileStreetsSegments
153IsoChronic 25mCity|50m0Amalgamation of Spatial Layers
154 |Design Strategy
The mobile segment located in Park Royal rejuvenates the canalside and existing abandoned open spaces while introducing spaces for socio-cultural activities, recreational activities and amenities required in the neighbourhood.
Mobile Segments
Viewing platforms and pathways along the canal with receding levels facing the waterway for walking and running activities.
Green areas are developed surrounding the spaces for outdoor activities such as play areas, open air theatre, performance spaces etc.
The mobile units are transported to the site through rail lines, canal and roads and dismounted on loading docks to be carried and positioned on the site.
155IsoChronic 25mCity|50m0Mobile Segment in Park Royal
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157IsoChronic City|
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The design impact displays the influence of the proposed interventions which alters the physical and spatial aspects to increase the extent of a 15 minute neighbourhood.
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162Design Impact
163IsoChronic 100mCity|200mNetwork0 for 4 Segments Network for 20 Segments Residential RetailRecreationalCommercialBuildingsBuildingsBuildingsBuildings
164 |IsoChronic ReferencesCity | Sources Shapefiles London Street Network Rail LSOA,GreenWaterNetworkBodySpacesMSOA,Ward Data PublicTreeAgeAgePointsCovidCrimeEnvironmentBarriersHealthEmploymentEducationIncomePopulationDatasetsHighStreetsSpatialTerrainBuildingLanduseFootprintSignaturesDensitytoHousingQualityMobilityReportofInterestGroupofBuildingsDensityTransportAccessibility Levels Traffic Flow Noise Pollution GPS AngularChoiceIntegrationDataStep Depth Isovist VisibilityAnalysisGraph Analysis Sunlight Hours Sound SemanticAnalysisImage Segmentation 3D Buildings data.london.gov.uk/dataset/public-transport-accessibility-levelsdata.london.gov.uk/dataset/local-authority-maintained-treesdata.london.gov.uk/dataset/property-build-period-lsoadata.london.gov.uk/dataset/super-output-area-population-lsoa-londondata.london.gov.uk/dataset/openstreetmapdata.london.gov.uk/dataset/coronavirus-covid-19-mobility-reportdata.london.gov.uk/dataset/recorded_crime_summarydata.london.gov.uk/dataset/indices-of-deprivationdata.london.gov.uk/dataset/indices-of-deprivationdata.london.gov.uk/dataset/indices-of-deprivationdata.london.gov.uk/dataset/indices-of-deprivationdata.london.gov.uk/dataset/indices-of-deprivationdata.london.gov.uk/dataset/indices-of-deprivationdata.london.gov.uk/dataset/super-output-area-population-lsoa-londondata.london.gov.uk/dataset/gla-high-street-boundariesdata.cdrc.ac.ukdigimap.edina.ac.ukdigimap.edina.ac.ukdigimap.edina.ac.ukopenstreetmap.orgopenstreetmap.orgopenstreetmap.orgopenstreetmap.orgopenstreetmap.org data.london.gov.uk/dataset/traffic-flows-borough CalculatedCalculatedCalculatedCalculatedCalculatedCalculatedCalculatedCalculatedCalculatedopenstreetmap.orghttps://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/noise-pollution-in-londonfromdepthMapXfromdepthMapXfromdepthMapXfromdepthMapXfromdepthMapXfromLadyBuggrasshopperpluginfromPachydermgrasshopperpluginfromGooglestreetviewimagefromMeerkatgrasshopperplugin
