capstone project | Soham Mohanty | Avantika Unniversity

Capstone Project Godrej Aier Sheild Sponsor: Godrej Consumer Products STUDENT: Soham Mohanty ENROLMENT NO.: AU17A1002 PROGRAM: Bachelor of Design DISCIPLINE: Industrial Design GUIDE: Raghav Pandya

School of Design

2021

SOHAM MOHANTY • UG INDUSTRIAL DESIGN • CAPSTONE PROJECT 2021

Copyright 2021-2022 Student Document Publication meant for private circulation only. All rights reserved.

Bachelor of design, Industrial design 2017-2021 Avantika Universiy, MIT Pune campus Ujjain, India.

No part of the document will be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including Photocopying, Xerography, Photography and Videography recording without written permission from the publisher, Soham Mohanty, Avantika University and Godrej Consumer Products ltd.

All Images, illustrations, Photographs in this document are copyright 2021-2022 by respective people/organization.

Edited and designed by; Name: Soham Mohanty Email: soham.mohanty@avantika.edu.in processed atAvantika university, Vishwanatahpuram, Ujjain-456006 Madhya Pradesh, India www.avantika.edu.in Printed in Bhubaneswar, India August 2021 AVANTIKA UNIVERSITY

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DECLARATION This is to declare that the Capstone Project report entitled Godrej aier sheild submitted by me towards partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Design in Industrial Design is the record of work carried out by me at Godrej Consumer Products LTD. under the mentor-ship of Trupti Mehta.

The said work is carried out during the period January to August under the guidance of Trupti Mehta and has not been presented for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship, titles in this or any other university or other institution of higher learning.

I further declare that this is my original project work and any part of it is not copied from any other students’ work or from any other sources, nor has any part been authored by another person. The material obtained from other sources has been duly referenced and acknowledged in the report.

Date: Place:

Soham Mohanty AU17A1002

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CERTIFICATE OF GUIDE

This is to certify that the work incorporated in this report of capstone project entitled, “Godrej Aier Sheild”, submitted

by Soham Mohanty (AU17A1002) towards partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Design in Industrial Design is an authentic work carried out by him/her under my supervision and guidance.

The matter embodied in the project has not been submitted elsewhere to any other university/institute for the award of any other degree. Any reference material obtained from other sources has been acknowledged duly in this report.

Date: Place:

Raghav Pandya School of Design

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INDUSTRY CERTIFICATE

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CERTIFICATE OF ACCEPTANCE The project titled Godrej Aier Sheild Personal air purifier and freshner submitted by Soham Mohanty (AU17A1002) has been accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Design in Industrial design of Avantika University, Ujjain.

Members of the Jury: Name Affiliation Signature and Date

*subsequent remarks regarding fulfilling the requirements (if any)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

That’s the formal word for the kind of thank you’s I have in mind. I deeply appreciate the assistance, help support, and guidance of numerous people.

Avantika University, for all the learnings on design and life, and for being the place where I got a chance to discover myself. For being the institute with a pedagogy that provided us with an out of box design thinking and learning by doing platform.

All my teachers, for always being kind and supportive at all stages during my entire design education journey. The inputs and all the suggestions have acted as a guiding step in the journey.

Raghav Pandya, college mentor who is a perfect listener and a great teacher. For always supporting me and standing behind me as a support system and make me see the bigger picture every time I got too obsessive. For being a understanding guide and for inspiring me with his narratives and excellent observations. For making me realise the importance of design and design education.

GCPL design lab, for offering the opportunity to be a part of the design lab. For bringing out the true potential in me and for giving the freedom to explore the opportunity at every stage.

Trupti Mehta,industry guide from Godrej consumer products who helped and mentored me throughout the project with her advice. For showing her interest in my ideas and helping me take them forward. For mentoring me with utmost patience, conversations, and her immensely insightful thoughts. Providing discussions with R&D teams helped a lot. And for making the entire work seem like an evening off.

Family, For all the love and supporting me all the time and giving me space and freedom to explore and grow. The experience of work from home and doing the project virtually would not have been possible without their support.

Kshitij Gangurde, For helping me in the initiation of the project and brainstorming to come up with the problem statement.

R&D team, for making me tame my obsession with initial ideas that helped me to come up with an interesting and innovative concept.

All my batch-mates at Avantika, who have contributed a lot to my growth and learning in the last four years of my journey with their stories and experiences. Starting from exploring the new place and making me feel the campus as a second home. For collaborating at every stage whenever required.

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“Designing a product is Designing a relationship”

Steve Rogers On designing of humans

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PREFACE

Belonging to a country like India,Filled with a lot of diversity, hugeness and glory, I have always been a good observer to me surrounding and environment.

Since my childhood I used to learn new creative skills and experiment with the things. This attitude helped me a lot to explore new things in my design career.

As Joe Sparano say, ”Good design is Obvious, Great design is transparent.” This statement has always motivated me to design better.

Being an Industrial design student, design for me has always been holistic and a way of living hat express my thought process.

“Industrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating products and systems that optimize the function, value and appearance for the mutual benefit of user and manufacturer.”

Year 2020 has been a challenging year for everyone around the world with the outbreak of Covid. But as it is said there is always hope, and We have seen a lot of changes, new normals setting up that we couldn’t have ever imagined.

Everyone fantasizes ideas of their own little world.

I have always imagined a world where people are empathetic towards each other. Where problems are seen as a challenge and an opportunity for a new change in society.

I simply put, what it would look like if everything around us was well designed? Where design could be seen in every aspect of life. And the design around us could always be better. But thinking that everything can be controlled and filtered is stupid. Here comes the role of design education and design thinking that develops the eye for details. The biggest hurdle for me is to get stuck and obsessed with my own idea that would stop me from seeing the larger picture.

The only way was to be a passionate believer, Who is empathetic towards my environment with good observation skills to identify the real problems.

Believe in the fact that there is always a scope for change and it has to start somewhere. And I have to embed this belief in every part of my life.

There is a beginning of an emergence of a more caring and design aware twenty-first century society.

This has to lead to enormous changes in the world of design. Where there is always a beauty in the final design, there is value for the design process the design has to follow.

And before wondering and thinking if people around me cared about good design. I must think of the impact a good design can have on people life. I have to be empathetic towards the users I m designing for and must be clear, what I can do with my knowledge and understandings.

So, when I got the opportunity to work with Godrej Consumer Products. I was more than excited to take it up. The motto of GCPL is something that inspires me a lot.”Bringing the goodness of health and beauty to consumers in emerging markets.”

But there is always a need to stay relevant. The scope of working with Godrej was incentive enough to explore, experiment, and implement my thoughts and put them into action, and see the outcome manifest.

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INTRODUCTION

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PART 1

GROUNDWORK 01. Research 02. Research Analysis 03. Framework

CONTENTS

29 39 51

PART 2

DESIGNWORK 04. Design 05. Final Design 06. Design Delivery

65 95 115

CONCLUSION

131

REFERENCES

132

THANK YOU

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Introduction.

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Avantika University

Avantika University is India first Design Centered University, offers the BDes and MDes Programs in Industrial Design, Communication Design, Graphic Design and UI/UX design.

Established in the year 2017, is a private university based in Ujjain and a part of MIT group. Which has a proven legacy of 38+ years in the field of higher education. The university offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in Design and Engineering.

What Avantika offers is a blended classroom of design and engineering and we call it as Designeering.

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It is a residential campus, with academic support of the library, workshop, fabrication lab, computer lab as well as design studios. The unique education and framework includes project-based and experiential learning, activity-based learning, blended learning, flipped classroom, scenario-based learning, play, storytelling, and game design.

The academic programs at Avantika are led by Design ,innovation,creativity, and enterprise, with Interdisciplinary curriculum and experimental Learning at the core.

Sustainability is a core of Avantika, with an aim to make meaningful impact locally and globally.

“Life at Avantika is meant to pique your curiosity and question the way things operate in the real world by stimulating your intellect at every turn.”

The Avantika way of education inspires students to reinvent themselves. The new academic curriculum has been a result of extensive learning opportunities and unique resources. These resources include digital libraries, world-class residential facilities, knowledge centers, and indoor and outdoor sports facilities.

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GCPL Design lab

The studio is located on the fourth floor of Godrej One in the suburban area of Mumbai. The space has two side opening to the beautiful green landscape outside and invites lot of natural light.

Its Global Design Lab that integrates design thinking and transforms product capabilities; Usually outsourced in FMCG, But Godrej believe it is very strategic to have it internally.

GCPL Lab has an award-winning inter-disciplinary design team. We create best experiences for 1billion consumers that our brands touch everyday.

GCPL design lab comprises of highly skilled graphic and industrial designers from across geographies.

The inter- disciplinary design team of GCPL is a part of Godrej consumer product lead by Darshan Gandhi. ”Bringing the goodness of health and beauty to consumers in emerging markets.”

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Research & Development +Innovation + Design + Expertise (RIDE).Integrated platform, that combines efforts of key functions in new product development.

Godrej consumer product uses design thinking to re- imagine its brands and portfolios.

GCPL Design Lab formed in 2009 as an initiative to integrate design thinking at GCPL. The step aimed at transforming brands with delightful product offerings in a Godrej way for a rapidly evolving Indian market.

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“There is so much pollution in the air now that if it weren’t for our lungs there’d be no place to put it all” -Robert Orber

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WHY

THIS PROJECT ?

Many countries and larger cities in the world are struggling with severe air pollution today. Factories, vehicles and use of non-renewable energy pollutes the air around the cities. In China and India this is a major problem, the polluted cities in these countries are home to more than 1 billion citizens.

“This project is performed as capstone project for Industrial Design course at Avantika University and as an internship project under Godrej consumer products.

The project comprises 28 weeks of work.

With an aim to design a consumer product for an emerging market.”

According to World Health Organization (WHO), 7 million deaths can be blamed at air pollution during the year 2012. Most people have the apprehension that air pollution, at a dangerous level, only occur in parts of Asia and in the very largest cities. But now larger cities in Europe are facing the same kind of problem.

Drastic solutions are done in Madrid and Paris where they occasionally have turned down traffic to reduce air pollution. In China, it is very common to have an air purifier at home to prevent living in polluted air.

In a country like India where cities record pollution 100 times higher than the safer limit. According to a study indoor air in Indian houses are five times higher that the outdoor air. A purifying device has became an need for the peoples specially living in urban and sub-urban places.

According to a survey by green peace cities like Delhi which is the capital of the country lost 54,000 lives in the year 2020 due to air pollution. And the city has to bear a loss of $8.1 billion which is around INR 58,800 crores.

Moreover, with the outbreak of Covid, it has resulted an fear for the air we breath. Air pollution was responsible for an estimate of 160,000 deaths in world’s five biggest cities of the world. And a developing country like India spends it 3% of GDP for the health cost caused due to air pollution.

Although I did not really know the scale and the complexity of the project in the beginning, but i was ready to plunge in and find out. While keeping my self motivated all the time. What you will see and read in the coming chapters is a documentation of the entire process on how I went about it. Lets dive in.

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Part 1

Groundwork.

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PROJECT PROPOSAL PROJECT BRIEF

To work on an energy efficient device that help people to lead healthier life by reducing the exposure to airborne pollutants.

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August

July

June

May

April

March

Feb

Jan

PROJECT TIMELINE

Pre-Project- Overview of the plot, Discovering the problem area, Project proposal

Plot study and Initial Reasearch

Research and Analysis- Secondary Research, Information collection, Questionnaire & intent preparation, Primary Research

Intent finalisation & design brief

Technology and usage research

Exploration and ideation

Concept generation- 3d rendeings, Mockups & Validation

Detailng- Detail sketcing, Prototyping

Business model & Value proposition

Documantation

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For designing a product ready for market, it is Important to understand the user and the user needs.

These user needs will decide the success of the product.

“I wanted to learn and develop the design sense of mine that will allow me to create feasible ‘wholes’ from infeasible parts. ”

But it is also necessary to identify the targeted users and map their journey in a day to understand if they want to use a product that is being designed. To do so the initiation of design process is important which starts with initial research which also can be called as ‘Pre-Project’ where plot overview, discovering the Problem area and creating a project proposal are important stages.

The initial research is followed by an intensive Research where data collection is done using primary and secondary methods and the collected data is analysed and evaluated to align with the user needs.

These collected data helps to finalise the intent and design brief of the project.

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In the second phase the market study is done that creates the bench mark and existing technologies available for solving the problem statement.

The Technology research and idea exploration goes hand on hand that helps to generate concepts.

Generating concepts and evaluating it is an important factor which also require team/group discussions to finalise a technology that is supposed to be used and a detail research on that technology is done to validate if it will work to solve the problem or not.

Now when we have the technology it is important to form a framework for the design which Includes its Visual language, Usability, Semiotics and the Experience it creates among the user. And this Framework helps to achieve the final design.

Aligning the final output with the problem statement and design brief helps to create the business model and value proposition for the project.

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01 Research Plot Study Problem Identification Objective and aim Project scope

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1.1 PLOT STUDY Start of air pollution The purpose of economic development in any region is to provide opportunities for improved living and jobs to people. While industrial development creates more jobs in any region, possibilities of adverse effects on the environment also increase, if adverse effects are not reduced.

“Leveraging the pandemic for better Tomorrow.”

Historically pandemic have forced humans to break with the past and imagine the world anew. This one is no different. It is a portal, a gateway between one world and the next.

Dust, smoke, fumes and toxic gas emissions occur as a result of highly-polluting industries such as thermal power plants, coal mines, cement, sponge iron, steel & ferro-alloys, petroleum and chemicals. Industryspecific clusters, these have not only become hazardous, but also cause irreparable damage to our ecology and environment, often breaching the environment’s carrying capacity.

The release of toxic atmospheric pollutants since the Industrial Revolution is a major global challenge, driving climate change and damaging human health.

Spatial health inequalities highlight the need to explore air pollution in different localities throughout the Anthropocene. We show how suitable urban sediment archives provide site specific records of long-term particulate matter (PM) releases, in cities and urban landscapes, that are or have been subjected to high pollution levels.

Air pollution is a crucial challenge of the Anthropocene threatening the stability of Earth systems, driving global climate change, destroying ecosystems and endangering human health.

Exposure to air pollution is now responsible for 16% of all global deaths with poor and vulnerable populations disproportionately affected and children at high risk of illness from exposure to even very low levels of toxic air.

A range of environmental toxins has been released into the atmosphere due to Urbanisation and Industrialisation over the last 200 years.

Industrialised urban development has occurred at varying times across the globe. Since the onset of the Great Acceleration (post-1950) extensive pollutant emissions have dramatically altered the composition of the atmosphere and degraded air quality at global, regional and local scales. With severe levels of air pollution regularly experienced in a number of different cities.

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Impact of pandemic On March 11, 2020, the WHO characterized the COVID-19 virus outbreak as a global pandemic.

COVID-19 is caused by a corona virus which can result in acute respiratory distress in humans and is transmitted through respiratory droplets and contact routes.

Consequently, the COVID-19 virus outbreak has led to significant changes in daily life for children, youth, and their families, with specific recommendations and restrictions varying within and between countries. Most children and youth are no longer attending school, with classroom lessons replaced by home-schooling and online learning activities.

During the initial response to COVID-19 outbreak and recommendations for physical distancing, behavior restrictions, and overall instructions to ‘stay home’, families started seeking guidance and solutions to preserve healthy routines, like healthy behaviors and opportunities to spend time outdoors.

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We already know that during this pandemic, people living in areas with unhealthy levels of air pollution are facing multiple threats to their lung health at once.

Now, emerging research is shedding light on the links between air pollution and severe illness from COVID-19 -- underscoring the critical need to ensure healthy air for all.

From a research report by Greenpeace, in the year 2020, Air pollution was responsible for an estimate of 160,000 deaths in world’s six biggest cities like Delhi, Tokyo, Shanghai, Sao Paulo, Mexico and London.

With increase in people living indoor, Research says that the indoor air is five times more polluted than outdoors.

In December 2020, a second study tried to determine the how much of COVID-19 mortality is because of long-term exposure to fine particle pollution.

Utilizing a mix of epidemiological data, satellite data and other monitoring information from around the world, the researchers estimated that, on average, 15% of worldwide deaths from COVID-19 may be linked to chronic exposure to air pollution.

The topic of air pollution which was being ignored since a long is now one of the greatest concern due to the pandemic outbreak. People’s behavior towards their surrounding have changed. For which we can say “ The Pandemic acted as a catalyst to air pollution which is in limelight”

The study’s estimates show that air pollution contributed to 27% of COVID-19 deaths in China, 18% in the United States, 15% in Mexico, 14% in the United Kingdom, 6% in Israel, and just 1% in New Zealand.

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1.2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

May it be indoor or outdoor today’s most important concern is the polluted air, that is filled with pollutants that are as deadly as virus.

“ Environmental pollution is an incurable disease it can only be prevented” -Barry Commoner

With increasing awareness among people products like air purifiers market is increasing rapidly. But the existing purifier market is not big enough to reach out to a wide customer because of factors like size, cost, technologies used in it etc.

However, most air purifiers on the market today are using a so called HEPA filter, that need replacement every few months and consume a lot of energy.

This solution is rather costly and is not suitable for everyone, since one of the most important factors to customers when buying an air purifier is the price. An air purifier is also a part of the furnishings in a home, which also makes the aesthetic design of the air purifier important.

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) are a major environmental concern. Released from natural, industrial, transport and domestic sources, fine PM are burdened with toxic heavy metals and are small enough to penetrate deep into the lungs.

PM2.5 are responsible for an estimated 3 million annual deaths worldwide (Silva et al., 2013; World Health Organisation, 2014a). Health effects of PM10 and PM2.5 exposure include pulmonary disease, heart disease, stroke, asthma, cancers and premature mortality (Pope and Dockery, 2006; Anenberg et al., 2010; Pope et al., 2011; Beelen et al., 2014; Brugha and Grigg, 2014; Brugha et al., 2014).

Human exposure to PM depends, in part, on locality with higher ambient PM concentrations experienced within industrial landscapes and cities where people, traffic, industries and, therefore, pollutants are concentrated.

As governments controlled more traditional pollution sources and urban vehicle fleets grew, a different type of air pollution also arose.

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1.3 OBJECTIVE AND AIM

The objective for this project is to develop and design concepts for the next generation of air purifiers based on a user-centered approach. The solution aims to meet the stakeholder demands, be socially, Economically and environmentally sustainable. The aim is also to design air purifiers that are attractive for users and that improve the air quality and human health in polluted cities.

“Invisible poison is the air of today”

This project will provide Godrej consumer product Ltd. a study in how an air purifier can be designed to be more environmentally sustainable, as well as further study and exploration in how an air purifier interacts with the user & its surrounding environment, that is people’s homes and offices( both indoor and outdoor). At the end of the project one or two conceptual air purifiers, all previous ideas and relevant documentation of the development work is delivered to GCPL.

A written dissertation that covers the whole project and a presentation about the thesis will be delivered to GCPL and to Avantika University.

“To develop an air purifying device that is portable, eco-friendly low budget and provides assurance for good quality air both for indoor and outdoor.”

Research questions:• How can the air purifier be designed to meet and/or exceed user’s aesthetic preferences?

• How can the air purifier be designed to provide good user experience and usability?

• How can environmental concern be implemented in design as both strategy, means and outcome?

• How can the air purifier be designed to be more Sustainable?

The design project includes both the housing design of the air purifier as well as the internal technology and components. The design will be delivered in visualizations using solid- and/or surface modeling software.

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Project scope and framework This project is the Capstone project for Industrial Design at Avantika University. The project comprises 7 months of work. The project was done as an internship at Godrej consumer products from scratch. The project scope was open ended where the final output was expected to have a prototype, business model and value proposition.

Due to the time frames of this project, the result will be a air purifier mock-up and prototype. The project will not contain any extensive strength calculations of user testing results.

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The entire project is the result of Designeering design process where design and engineering both played important role.

Similarly the framework of engineering included the particulate matters, the air cleaning technologies, and the sustainability of the product.

The frame work of design included Semiotics, Colour, Aesthetics, User experience and HCI.

Where the particulate matter helped to understand the occurrence, particulate size its origin and its healthy impacts. The research on air cleaning technology helped to study the available and upcoming technologies to purify air. And the final Sustainability of product was the study of the design the material selection life time of the product its use cycle and new life.

Where the semiotics colour and aesthetics played a role towards the look of the project, its usability and cognizance. The user experience and HCI helped for creating a new experience that can play with the emotions the instrumental and the experimental part of it.

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02 Research Analysis Health and Economy Air quality index Indoor air pollution Air purifying devices

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2.1 HEALTH AND ECONOMY Globally According to report by green peace, In 2020, PM2.5 air pollution was responsible for the loss of an estimated 160,000 lives in the world’s five most populous cities and a combined economic cost in these cities of US$85 billion.

“Roses are red, violets are blue, bad hair days are okay, but bad air days will screw you.”

- Unknown source

The Cost Estimator use live ground-level air quality measurements from IQAir Air Visual’s database.

Researchers developed an algorithm which combines this data with scientific risk models, as well as population and public health data to estimate the cost of PM2.5 air pollution.

Estimated air pollution impacts in the world’s five most populous cities in 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that air pollution is linked to approximately 7 million deaths worldwide every year. The toxic air that we breathe increases our risk of stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, asthma and affects nearly every organ in our bodies.

Air pollution also takes a steep financial toll. A February 2020 Greenpeace Southeast Asia report estimates that air pollution from fossil fuels sources alone costs the world US$8 billion every day, or a staggering 3.3% of global GDP

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In India Air pollution is becoming a major contributor when it comes to health related issues. Unfortunately, these issues can be deadly in nature.

Despite recording relatively better air quality this year due to strict lock down, air pollution continues to be a serious public health issue which also drastically impacts our economy. For the governments of the day, it is crucial that investments are made towards green and sustainable solutions. When we choose fossil fuel over clean energy, our health is put at stake. Polluted air increases the likelihood of deaths due to cancer & stroke, a spike in asthma attacks and worsens the severity of COVID-19 symptoms.

Indian urban cities are increasingly getting congested due to migration for education, employment and better quality of life. But the increasing population has led to rise in pollution levels due to use of private cars, felling trees to widen roads, construction of new housing and public infrastructure to accommodate the migrant workers–both white and blue collar.

Cost sustained the estimated air pollution-related economic losses of Rs.1,23,65,15,40,000. The damage is equally worrying in other Indian cities. An estimated 25,000 avoidable deaths in Mumbai in 2020 have been attributed to air pollution. Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad and Delhi estimated an approximate 12000, 11000, 11000, and 54000 avoidable deaths respectively due to polluted air.

Vehicular pollution is the single biggest reason for deteriorating air quality in India’s IT capital, followed by construction and other reasons, according to the government.

While the covid-19 induced lock down brought some reprieve to the environment, lifting of restrictions has hastened the deteriorating quality of air, water and overall quality of life.

The latest study done by Greenpeace foundation has revealed some startling data on the impact of PM2.5 air pollution in Indian mega cities. This study, done in 2020 using live air quality data collected by IQAir, has shown that PM2.5 air pollution claimed an estimated 54,000 lives in Delhi alone. This was much more than the number of deaths due to COVID-19 in the national capital.

In Delhi as of 17th February total death due to Covid was only 10,984 but death due to air pollution in year 2020 was 54,000.

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2.2 AIR QUALITY INDEX

The higher the AQI value, the greater the level of air pollution and the greater the health concern.

For example, an AQI value of 50 or below represents good air quality, while an AQI value over 300 represents hazardous air quality.

For each pollutant an AQI value of 100 generally Corresponds to an ambient air concentration that equals the level of the short-term national ambient air quality standard for protection of public health. AQI values at or below 100 are generally thought of as satisfactory. When AQI values are above 100, air Quality is unhealthy: at first for certain sensitive groups of people, then for everyone as AQI values get higher.

The AQI is divided into six categories. Each category corresponds to a different level of health concern.

Each category also has a specific colour. The colour makes it easy for people to quickly determine whether air quality is reaching unhealthy levels in their communities.

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2.3 INDOOR AIR POLLUTION

“We have lived with deadly levels of air Pollution for years, which have made us more vulnerable to Corona virus..”

- Unknown source

Indoor air pollution is the degradation of indoor air quality by harmful chemicals and other materials; it can be up to 10 times worse than outdoor air pollution. This is because contained areas enable potential pollutants to build up more than open spaces.

Statistics suggest that in developing Countries, health impacts of indoor air pollution far outweigh those of outdoor air pollution. Indoor air pollution from solid fuels accounted for 3.5 million deaths and 4.5% global daily-adjusted life year (DALY) in 2010.

The principal sources of indoor air pollution are: Combustion, building material, and bio-aerosols.

While radon, asbestos, pesticides, heavy metals, volatile organic matter, and environmental tobacco smoke are considered major indoor pollutants in developed countries, the combustion products of biomass fuels contribute most to indoor air pollution in developing nations.

In India, out of 0.2 billion people using fuel for cooking; 49% use firewood; 8.9% cow dung cake; 1.5% coal, lignite, or charcoal; 2.9% kerosene; 28.6% liquefied petroleum gas (LPG); 0.1% electricity; 0.4% biogas; and 0.5% any other means.

The incomplete combustion products of biomass fuels include suspended particulate matter, carbon monoxide, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, organic matter, formaldehyde, etc., Which have adverse effects on health.

The combustion of coal results in production of oxides of sulfur, arsenic, and fluorine. Pollutants such as aldehyde, volatile, and semi volatile organic compounds are produced from resins, waxes, polishing materials, cosmetics, and binders. Lastly; biological pollutants like dust mites, molds, pollen, and infectious agents produced in stagnant water, mattresses, carpets, and humidifiers too pollute indoor air.

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Indoor pollutants and its effects Conservative estimates show that 1.5–2 million deaths every year could be attributed to indoor air pollution, and there is consistent evidence that exposure to indoor pollutants increases the risk of several respiratory/allergic symptoms or diseases.

The pollutants in Indoor air affects almost every part of the including central nervous system. The Effects can be short term effects and long term effects and its a sign how pollution can degrade our health.

Short term effects can be Headache, Skin irritation, Inflammation, Pneumonia, Coughing, Breathing problems, Bronchitis etc Whereas long term effects can include: Cardio-vascular diseases, Respiratory diseases, Affects the CNS and Might impact reproductive system as well.

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2.4 AIR PURIFYING DEVICES

An air purifier or air cleaner is a device which removes contaminants from the air in a room to improve indoor air quality. These devices are commonly marketed as being beneficial to allergy sufferers and asthmatics, and at reducing or eliminating second-hand tobacco smoke.

“We have lived with deadly levels of air pollution for years, which have made us more vulnerable to Corona virus..”

- unknown source

There are two types of air purifying technologies, Active and Passive. Active air purifiers release negatively charged ions into the air, causing pollutants to stick to surfaces, while passive air purification units use air filters to remove pollutants.

Aspects of air cleaners are hazardous gaseous by-products, noise level, frequency of filter replacement, electrical consumption, and visual appeal.

Ozone production is typical for air ionizing purifiers.

Although a high concentration of ozone is dangerous, most air ionizers produce low amounts The side chat shows the benchmark of air purifier in market based on its price and aesthetic.

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When talking about air purifiers and when their performance is measured and compared, the terms PM2.5 and PM10 are constantly used. PM stands for particulate matter and is used for describing the size in microns for small airborne particles. PM2.5 is the particle size which is the most dangerous and is the particle size which bigger cities, like Beijing, are mostly struggling with. Unfortunately, it is also difficult to remove from the air. Different air purifiers are therefore compared by how many percentage of PM2.5 they can remove. The best models on the market today claims that they can remove up to 99.99% of airborne particles in the size of PM0.3 and bigger.

The most important specifications for an air purifier are: · How well it can remove PM2.5 · The range · How fast it can change the air in a room · Noise level · Size and efficient use of space · Design · Price

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03 Framework “This chapter is a framework for this project containing topics that was deeply explored to grasp the true meaning and understanding of them. The framework is a result of the literature study and information gathered from experts in the field of air quality”

Industrial Designeering Sustainability Method and Implementation Observation and Analysis

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3.1 INDUSTRIAL DESIGNEERING

“Industrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating products and systems that optimize function, value and appearance for the mutual benefit of user and manufacturer” - IDSA

Design is a term that is best described by its typical content and composition. In a study of definitions of design by Buchanan (2001) he points out that one element that should be concluded in a definition is that design should be for a cause. An artifact should not be created if it isn’t needed. A designed artifact should fill a purpose in society that creates value for its users. This can be fulfilled by a well-planned and performed process. How the process is performed during development of a product or system is the most important in defining design according to Friemann (2000). He also describes, it is important that a design process must have an end where the process, that started as a thought, ends with an action and results in a finished product. Design is not something that stays as a thought or hypothesis.

In product development, the responsibility has traditionally been divided in two groups. The development of the technical functions has lied at the engineer’s table and the designers have been responsible for the appearance and design. Engineering design can be described as the engineering design activity in development. This refer to the measurable technical properties such as dimensions, material properties, and performance of components (Johannesson, Persson, & Petterson, 2013).

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Industrial design the other hand, is primarily about the experienced properties of a product, such as shape, colour, feel, sound, user friendliness, product identity, and ergonomics etc. (according to Petterson et al.

(2013)). They further discuss that although shape and colour is the foundation for the design work, industrial design is about much more than that. Such as the use of technical, social, economic, and human centered knowledge about perception and semantics.

An industrial designer is to some level dependent on engineering designers. They work closely together where the engineering designers possess the knowledge of mechanical principles that is needed to realize ideas into products according to Tovey.

The combination of an industrial design and engineering designer who needs to have a good design thinking.

This by great understanding of aesthetics, cognitive aspects and semantics as well as technical and mechanical knowledge.

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Factors of Design Human Centered Design (HCD) is commonly used in the field of product development today. HCD is according to ISO 9241-210:2010 defined as: “Approach to systems design and development that aims to make interactive systems more usable by focusing on the use of the system and applying human factors/ergonomics and usability knowledge and techniques” “Good design starts with an understanding of psychology and technology”. (Norman) The basic philosophy of human centered design is to start by understanding people and their needs. People are often unaware of their needs and by observation and evaluation designers can achieve products that truly meet the needs of the users (Norman, 2013).

According to (IDEO, 2015) a human centered design process starts with not knowing anything about what the end solution of the design challenge actually might be. But by listening, thinking, building, and refining through the process of the design project, the outcome will be something that will work for the intended people of use.

User experience (UX) is a term that has grown in interest over the past years. New technology is constantly developed with the aim to make life better for us. However, new technology does not necessarily mean that life gets easier and more pleasant. The fast and frequent development of new technology often creates confusion for the users when they do not keep up with the development. The science of UX is constantly getting more and more important while products and systems in our lives are getting more complex.

“Semiotics is concerned with everything that can be taken as a sign” According to (Goguen, 1999) the designers job when creating interfaces is to build good metaphors, meaning representations and translations of something. He further writes that the designers are often engineers and the users are often mass market consumers.

There can however be challenges when designing a user interface as (Marcus, 1998) writes, such as how to help a beginner user to rapidly become skilled, without the need of extensive training.

Semiotics stresses the importance for a designer to know how and what information to presented in order to achieve high usability.

• The symbol can be seen from a greater distance • The information will be discovered more quickly and with less margin of error.

• If the symbol is partly destroyed or covered, it can still be discovered • Symbols often work in international contexts, independent of language.

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Colours are something that according to Bohgard et al. (2015) is hard to use correctly when designing.

The choice of colour is often affected by the designers own wishes and taste. Use of colour sparingly and most of all use the same colour coding throughout the whole design. More than four colours in an interface should not be used, and also that red and green should not be used with consideration to colour blindness.

- Urgency, passion, heat, love, blood - Wealth, royalty, sophistication, intelligence - Truth, dignity, power, coolness, melancholy - Death, rebellion, strength, evil - Purity, cleanliness, lightness, emptiness - Warmth, cowardice, brightness - Nature, health, cheerfulness, environment

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Aesthetics comes from the Greek word aesthetis, which according to Hekkert (2006) refer to the sensory perception and the understanding of sensuous knowledge. A products design provides an expression and a symbolic meaning, this relates to the sensory experience that the aesthetics provide, and can be repeatedly experienced by the viewer, as Fiore (2010) states.

When talking about an object aesthetically, it is common to use the concept shape design to describe expression of the object. Like a pointy shape partially can express a direction or a movement,and at the same time be experienced like something sharp and discomfortable that can be harmful.

“Semiotics is concerned with everything that can be taken as a sign” According to (Goguen, 1999) the designers job when creating interfaces is to build good metaphors, meaning representations and translations of something.

He further writes that the designers are often engineers and the users are often mass market consumers. There can however be challenges when designing a user interface as (Marcus, 1998) writes, such as how to help a beginner user to rapidly become skilled, without the need of extensive training.

Semiotics stresses the importance for a designer to know how and what information to presented in order to achieve high usability.

This must be seen in the design of the product in such a way that the consumer makes the connection with the product and the expression that it is meant to mediate. In other words, the design of a feeling

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Factors of Engineering To be able to understand why an air purifier is needed, it is required to gain knowledge about particulate matter and its impact on human health. It is also necessary to study the properties of particles to understand how they can be dealt with. This chapter explains the source of particulate matter, the size of particles and how particulate matter penetrates human body and what impact it can do.

Occurrence & sources, The haze that sometimes can be seen in the sky, especially over larger cities around the world, is particle pollution, also called particulate matter (PM). According to World Health Organization (2006), particulate matter is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets made from complex mixtures of inorganic and organic substances.

World Health Organization divides particulate matter in two different groups: primary air pollutants and secondary air pollutants. Primary pollutants are those that are generated directly from its source and secondary are those that are reformed in the air by chemical reactions of primary pollutants.

The particulate matter can occur both naturally and be generated by human activates.

Particular size, A key factor why a certain particle is more dangerous than another has a lot to do with the size of the particle. The size of inhalable particulate matter is mainly divided in two groups according to World Health Organization (2003), coarse particles and fine particles.

The coarse particles have an aerodynamic diameter larger than PM2.5 micrometer and smaller than PM10 micrometers while fine particles have a size under PM2.5. The measured size of particles is not the actual geometric size. The geometric size does not represent and fully explain how particles behaves in its airborne state. Therefore, the particle size is measured by its aerodynamic diameter which is defined by the International Standardization Organization.

“The diameter of a hypothetical sphere of density 1 g/cm3 having the same terminal settling velocity in calm air as the particle in question, regardless of its geometric size, shape and true density.”

Particles & health, To understand better why some particles, do damage to our health it is important to understand how they enter our bodies. There are three major regions of air filter in our bodies that may collect and sediment particles during inhalation of air: the Nasopharyngeal region, Tracheobronchial region and the alveolar region (World Health Organization 2003).

The particle size with the maximum deposition in the alveolar region is PM2.5. Most of the particles sizes smaller than PM2.5 are likely to be exhaled again or they are diffused through the body. This is why PM10 and PM2.5 is critical particle sizes and is used for measuring air quality.

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3.2 SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainable product development refer to both environmental, economic and social sustainability.

When designing for sustainability all these three fields are important to consider (Howarth & Hadfield 2006).

“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.

Designers play a major part when it comes to sustainability. Designers have opportunities to affect the sustainability of a product that other people do not have. A designer has for instance the opportunity to influence the selection of materials and manufacturing techniques of a product which might have good or bad impact on the environment or on humans and social life around the world.

Picking the right material for a product to be environmentally sustainable is not an easy task. The selection must meet all project requirements which for example usually is determined by strength, density, hardness, price, temperature stability, etc

• In the extraction stage, the selection of material for a product will determine if the process of extraction uses renewable or non-renewable energy, how much energy that is used and if the extraction of raw material is socially sustainable like working conditions.

• In the manufacturing stage, the potential environmental impacts caused by material selection that a designer should be aware of and consider are about the same as extraction stage, that is the source of energy and social sustainability. Manufacturing also often involves hazardous and toxic chemical substances.

•During transportation, the selection of different materials will mostly affect how heavy the products or assembly parts is but also how much volume it takes up. The weight of gods in transportation is a crucial factor because there is a higher fuel consumption the more weight.

•To reduce environmental impacts in the use stage it is important for a designer to choose durable and long-lasting materials otherwise it will be thrown away earlier than needed which will increase the demand on resources.

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Designing for life extension, Extending a product’s life may be one of the most effective strategies in eco-design. Designing for longer product life aims to reduce the replacement frequency which means less consumption and a lower demand on resources.

Aesthetics & emotional bound, one major reason for product unsustainability is that the life of a product ends before the product has really been used through wear and tear. It is the user that eventually is the one that determines when to end the life of a product.

With longer product life, fewer units are needed and thereby the volume of manufactured products is reduced, which will generate less waste and conserve resources.

A designer can however, with the right understanding, influence the user in a way so that a product won’t be thrown away earlier than needed. If a product’s life has been ended by a user even if the product still is functional, the most likely reason is a loss of interest.

One useful tool to capture one’s’ interest could by the aesthetics of the product.

Durability, Designing a product durable, is something that are usually demanded by customers. When buying products, one usually anticipates that it should last for least the time that is expected.

Today many consumer products are very cheap mostly due to decreasing manufacturing costs and when something breaks it is therefore very intriguing to buy new.

A non-durable artifact will increase the throw-away-society and increase the amount of waste in the world and the harvesting of resource

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Adaptability & upgradability, When it comes to a product which life has been ended due to damage or dysfunction of some part, or that it has not been able to keep up with fashion – modular construction can be a great design approach to extending these products’ life (Keoleian & Menerey 1994).

Modular construction can also be used to change a broken part of a product if the rest of it still is functioning. This way the life of a product can be “saved” and extended instead of replacing the entire unit. Key factors for successful modularity is that parts are accessible and the components must have the right dimensions and tolerances.

“When we say that a product should last 10-15 years, we mean it is not just as an ecological or quality issue but also aesthetically.”- Beaker (1997) A product’s aesthetic must satisfy the user during usage and sometimes the visual design can even affect the user’s behaviour in a way that creates an emotional bound to the product. Users also often have demands, such as the aesthetics of a product must fulfill cultural and lifestyle values, in other words, it must be in fashion

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3.3 METHOD AND IMPLEMENTATION

“The process and methodology that this project has been based upon. The project has been conducted with a process inspired by the human centered design process by IDEO. What methods and activities that has been carried out during this project will be presented here.”

This project has been conducted with a human centered design approach. Since this is a project that aims to develop a product that is going to be used daily by humans, it is important to choose an approach where the human needs are in focus. The human centered approach does also consider all relevant stakeholders that are affected by the design choices made in the process.

According to Norman (2013) there are four different stages that should take place in a human centered design process. They are observation, ideation, prototyping and testing. These stages should according to Norman be iterated thoroughly until a satisfying result has been produced. The design company IDEO has developed a similar process but it only contains three stages. In their approach prototyping should occur fluidly in all stages of the process (IDEO, 2015).

Both Norman (2013) and IDEO (2015) stresses the importance of iterating, since the feedback from the people we are designing for is crucial when creating new solutions.

The first stage in the IDEO process is called Inspiration. This is where the necessary information is gathered by learning and observation to pursuit the goals of the project. The second stage called Ideation, is where you make sense of everything learned in the previous stage and create design opportunities by generating and evaluating tons of ideas. The last stage is called Implementation. In this stage, you bring your concepts from the previous phase to life and refine your solutions until they are ready for the world.

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3.4 OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS

To do the project in a location where air purifiers is most needed, provides great opportunities to experience and observe not only how users are interacting with air purifiers but also to understand the environment. The observation in this project can be divided into: user, manufacturing and environmental observations.

“Useful life measures how long a system will operate safely and meet performance standards when maintained properly and not subject to stresses beyond stated limits.”

User: User observations was made in India on a user that owned an air purifier of the brand Philips. It was observed how she used it in a home environment.

• Houses have very low or no ventilation resulting in increase of air pollution.

• Houses do not have empty space to place large in size appliances.

• Peoples in India are not aware about indoor and outdoor air pollutions and its adverse effects on their body or the environment.

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• Frustration of maintaining different appliances in house • Large appliances brings maintenance cost with it which people do not want.

“The cost of a new product was a more important variable than the cost of repair. That is, low prices of new products decrease the likelihood to repair.”

One reason why children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of air pollution is that they breathe more rapidly than adults and so absorb more pollutants.

Air pollution affects neuro-development, leading to lower cognitive test outcomes, negatively affecting mental and motor development.

• 8 of 10 houses in India have someone suffering from airborne disease.

• Children in cities were more prone to air borne diseases like asthma.

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Part 2

Designwork.

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04 Design Design Brief User Ideation Initial concept detailing

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4.1 Design brief

“To develop an air purifying device that is portable, ecofriendly low budget and provides assurance for good quality air both for indoor and outdoor.”

“The public is more familiar with bad design than good design. It is, in effect, conditioned to prefer bad design, because that is what it lives with. The new becomes threatening, the old reassuring.”

- Paul Rand

Based on the research work and literature review the Design brief was formed and persona was created that helped to take forward the project on a full swing and ideate based on the inferences and insights.

The literature review consisted of articles and books mainly touching areas of green product development, HCD, and air purification technologies. Extra great effort was made on investigating green product design thoroughly, to find out how to best tackle environmental concern without impede a design process.

They were written by different authors with different objectives and was interpreted with the purpose and aim to answer the research questions. The major part of the literature study was done in the beginning of the project. However, additional research was also conducted as the project went on to complement different areas where the information was found to be insufficient.

A need analysis is according to Smith (2011) a useful process to use in the beginning of a product development project when summarizing information found from user studies and translating them into something that can be specified and analysed. Smith also points out that a need analysis is useful to ensure that all members of the design team is working towards the same goal. Smith claims that a need in this case must have an owner or an object, regardless of it is a functional need or something else.

In order to specify and summarize the requirements for all different stakeholders that was treated in this project, an analysis of the experienced needs was made. The analysis was conducted with information from interviews and observations with different stakeholders. The need analysis was also complemented with the various needs found during the try it yourself method and the benchmarking session. The identified problems was obtained from the same sources. The needs and problems was used as the foundation and as a benchmark that needs to be solved in the ideation and implementation stage.

Some keywords and phrases used in the search for articles were: ”sustainable design”, ”eco-design”, ”air purification”, ”electrostatic purification”, ”human cenAVANTIKA UNIVERSITY

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4.2 USER

The typical user for an air purifier is a conscious person with a secure income who worries about the air quality in the area he or she lives in. The reason to buy one could either be to get protection from pollutants in the air, allergens or to get rid of other airborne particles that could trigger for example asthma. It is also common for a family that wants to keep everyone in the family safe to buy an air purifier, especially if there is a newborn baby in the home. Users usually prefer an air purifier that is white since it gives a clean and hygienic expression.

CHARACTERISTICS •Conscious •Worries about air quality •Family

”Young people use them the most, more aware about the haze, more concerned about their health.”

NEEDS •Easy to use, move and clean •Easy to change filter •New filters easy to get •Feedback that it’s working •Silent as possible •Does not take up too much space •Not too bright lights •Efficient •Childproof •Aesthetically appealing

The typical environment for a user of an air purifier is where the air quality is low (both indoor and outdoor) That is, where there are pollutants created by traffic or industry, like parts of cities in India and crowded areas in large cities. An air purifier is mostly used at home or at offices. At homes an air purifier will most likely be placed in the bedroom or it will be moved around depending on where the user mostly are.

•Portable

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4.3 IDEATION

“It’s not about coming up with the right idea, it’s about generating the broadest range of possibilities.”

The ideation phase consists of a number of different idea generating methods which is displayed in this chapter. The results from the methods used in this chapter, together with the results from the inspiration phase, laid the foundation for the concept development in this project. In order to sort out the best ideas for further work, the methods ”Combine” and ”Pros and Cons” were used. In the end of this phase, different ideas were brought along to the next phase.

To ideate factors considered was the technology, user interaction and function. Where the ideation started with process where you generate ideas and solutions through sessions such as Sketching, Prototyping, Brainstorming, Brain writing, Worst Possible Idea, and a wealth of other ideation techniques.

The focus was not to come up with right solution on a go but aim was to explore and generate a wide broad range of ideas without any constraints and barrier on the first go.

To do so it was important to create mood board and take inspirations. And for mood-board and inspirations the inputs form users were considered.

The input from the users in the previous phase and our own preferences resulted in three main directions on what the design of the air purifier should express.

To visualize the different directions, we made one mood-board each of the three different expressions.

The mood-board for the expression Simplicity, High tech and Sustainability.

Before starting to look for ideas, for the project a clearly defined problem to tackle was formed– a focused problem statement or point of view (POV) to inspire and guide everyone. “How might we…?”

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Concept-1 Pitch: Cloth & fabric conditioner that converts the cloth to an air purifier.

Here the conditioner have nano-molecules that can absorb small particles. And these nano-molecules get activated after drying making the cloths convert into air purifier.

Function: The conditioner has nano-molecules that has a large surface area. After wash when the cloths are dried the molecules get activated and help to absorb 2.5PM particles around it acting as a purifier.

Technology: Porous Hybrid molecule, as a content in the conditioner.

Hybrid= Sodium Alginate + Silica fume amorphous.

Developed by: Dr. Elza Bontempi from the University of Brescia, Italy.

Revocation: As the concept revolves around laundry and it acts as a air purifier so the dirts absorbed will get stuck to it. Making it unreliable and uncomfortable cognitively to wear a cloth that turns dirty.

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Concept-2 Pitch: Fabric spray that empowers the cloths to act as a purifier.

Here the spray have nano-molecules that can absorb small particles. And these nano-molecules get activated once it comes in contact with air making the cloths convert into air purifier. Purifying the air around the user.

Function: 1.The spray contains highly porous and absorbent Hybrid molecules helps to absorb 2.5PM molecules 2. Negative ion emitting molecules is sprayed that help to ionize the air to purify the air.

Technology: 1. Porous Hybrid molecule, as a content in the conditioner.

Hybrid= Sodium Alginate + Silica fume amorphous.

2. Negative ion emitting technology Revocation: As the concept revolves around laundry and it acts as a air purifier so the dirts absorbed will get stuck to it. Making it unreliable and uncomfortable cognitively to wear a cloth that turns dirty.

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Concept-3 Pitch: Spray that can convert indoor curtains, bedsheets & other spaces to purifier.

Here the pray have nano-molecules that can absorb small particles. And these nano-molecules get \ activated after drying making the cloths convert into air purifier.

Function: Curtains act as a purifier as the ventilation in a room has to pass using it. As the air passes through it the hybrid molecules attracts the micron particles and helps to purify.

Fabric on bed takes a large area of room so when it act as a purifier it takes a large impact Technology: Porous Hybrid molecule, as a content in the conditioner.

Hybrid= Sodium Alginate + Silica fume amorphous.

Developed by: Dr. Elza Bontempi from the University of Brescia, Italy.

Revocation: As the concept revolves around laundry and it acts as a air purifier so the dirts absorbed will get stuck to it. Making it unreliable and uncomfortable cognitively to wear a cloth that turns dirty.

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Concept-4 Pitch: A table top negative ion dispenser with filter cartridge.

Here the ion dispenser releases -ve ions that helps to neutralize the small pollutant particles in the air and make it fall down.

Function: The device is a table top and socket mount with electric ionizer with it .The mini-fan inside sucks the air which gets ionized due to the ions released electrically, The released ionized air ionises the other molecules creating a domino effect Technology: Electric ion Developed by: Discovered for more than 100 years ago.

Revocation: Ozone, a lung irritant, is produced indirectly by ion generators and some other electronic air cleaners and directly by ozone generators. While indirect ozone production is of concern, there is even greater concern with the direct, and purposeful introduction of a lung irritant into indoor air.

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Concept-5 Pitch: A table top filter powder air purifier.

Here the air purifier uses activated carbon powders as filters which can be changed once it is saturated.

Function: The device will have air inlet and outlet with a mini fan creating a suction inside.

The air will have to pass through a filter powder(activated carbon) that is highly porous and absorptive.

The filter powder can be changed on a regular basis depending on the use.

Technology: Activated carbon powder as filter Developed by: Bussy et al [1822] prepared first activated carbon prepared from combination of physical and chemical activation by heating blood with potash.

Revocation: Due to low efficiency and the filters getting saturated quickly it got rejected.

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Concept-6 Pitch: Socket plugged air purifier with changeable filter cartridge.

It will be a socket mount purifier something similar to an mosquito repellent which is equipped with filter cartridge changing option for indoor use.

Function: Inspired form the devices used as mosquito repellent ( all out ,goodnight) The filter cartridge is made out of different particle trapping materials. and the device has a filter holder where the filters can be changed.

Technology: Basic and HEPA Filters,foam, fiberglass, cotton, or another particle-trapping material . activated carbon filters Revocation: Due to low efficiency and the filters getting saturated quickly it got rejected. And it can only be used indoor for very small space.

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Concept-7 Pitch: Ceiling fan mount air purifier Where the product can be mounted to any ceiling fans and the action will purify the air.

Function: The interior blades in the purifier is shaped in a way that during the anti-clock rotation of fan it sucks air inside from bellow where the air pressure is low and releases it side wise.

The outlets are equipped with filters and particle trapping materials.

Technology: Basic and HEPA Filters,foam, fiberglass, cotton, or another particle-trapping material, activated carbon filters Revocation: High efficiency but the filters changing get difficult. And it can only be used indoor, cannot be used during winters when the air pollution is high.

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Concept-8 Pitch: A personal tag that can be carried by attaching it to clothes which help to repel pollutants ( working as a shield).

Function: The flaps( antenna) generates weak radio waves at a particular frequency which doesn’t interfere other forms of telecommunication(like Radio, Bt, Tv, Wifi.), humans, animals & agriculture.

A weak electromagnetic field is created and because of the dielectric effect, the oppositely charged particles start to move together and agglomerate resulting in a effect called dry deposition.

These system help to neutralise pollutant particles and make dry deposition and will also help accelerate very small particles and repel it.

Technology: Works on a principle of dry deposition.

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Concept-9 Pitch: A indoor high frequency wave generator that helps to neutralise pollutant Function: The flaps( antenna) generates weak radio waves at a particular frequency which doesn’t interfere other forms of telecommunication(like Radio, Bt, Tv, Wifi.), humans, animals & agriculture.

A weak electromagnetic field is created and because of the dielectric effect, the oppositely charged particles start to move together and agglomerate resulting in a effect called dry deposition.

These system help to neutralise pollutant particles and make dry deposition. and will also help accelerate very small particles and repel it Technology: Works on a principle of dry deposition.

Revocation: Can be used only in indoor

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Concept-10 Pitch: Naphthalene inspired balls that can be kept at different locations in room which emits FAR Infrared radiation Function: Far infrared radiation helps in dry precipitation of dust particles and also removes the odor.

Such radiations are biologically good for surrounding and human body.

These system help to neutralise pollutant particles and make dry deposition.

Technology: FAR INFRARED radiation .

Revocation: Efficiency and sustainability is a question.

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Concept-11 Pitch: Expanding material when hydrated that attracts pollutants Function: Highly expanding material like mosses sheets which when hydrated expands and attracts pollutants and absorb it.

Once saturated it will shrinks and can be thrown away.

Technology: Compressed air purifying mosses which grows when hydrated.

Revocation: Can create a lot of waste and might not be feasible.

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Concept-12 Pitch: Air purifying plated for low watering and high purifying plants like Spathiphyllum(peace lily).

Function: There are two chambers one with the planter and the other with air suction both chambers are interconnected and perform a good ventilation.

The plant in the planter releases oxygen while the loose sandy soil used act as a filter for air pollutants.

Technology: Works on a principle of natural purification.

Revocation: These type of design will require lot of maintenance and care which can be frustrating.

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4.4 INITIAL CONCEPT DETAILING

After the ideation phase three concepts were selected based on a evaluation that set a perfect fit with the user needs. The three concepts selected were 8,9 and 10.

“Excellence is in the details. Give attention to the details and excellence will come.”

And from the these three concepts. Concept 8 sits perfectly with the problem statement proving a solution as a personal air purifier both for outdoor and indoor use creating a person invisible air shield that does not allow small pollutants to enter out body.

The solid modeling provided a good judgment how parts will be placed if parts will fit. The last adjustments of the dimensions could be made when all parts are visible in three dimensions. Some images of the CAD-models can be seen in the upcoming pages.

The concepts was evaluated by using the strategies from the literature study of eco-design as criteria to identify how environmentally friendly they are.

Due the way it works the name of the product was set to be “SHEILD” as it creates a invisible air shield.

For detailing out the Sheild from a design point of view different user use scenario were considered and the taking inspiration from the mood-board CAD models and digitals rending were prepared along with technical drawings that helped to understand the product and its usability in a better way.

The CAD model also helped to understand and evaluate the concept.

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The Technical Design The air purifier uses pulsed radio waves in the Wi-Fi spectrum which is normally the radio frequency ranges of 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 5.9 GHz, and 6.0 GHz bands.

The radio waves in the Wi-Fi spectrum are sent on specific bursts and pollutant particles in the air having +ve or -ve charges face the pulsed radio waves. A weak electromagnetic field is created and because of the dielectric effect, the oppositely charged particles start to move together and agglomerate resulting in a effect called dry deposition.

The design will be occupied with modular rings and mounts that can be attached and snapped to the product for different user use scenarios.

• Ring mount • Clip mount • Band

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05 Final Design Final Design Changes User Use Scenarios Visual Iterations

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5.1 DESIGN CHANGES

Based on the user evaluation in the initial design the problems , its emotion bond with user were considered which helped to detail out the initial concept more for a better product outcome.

“There is a problem trying to figure out what people want. If henry ford would have asked people on whether he should build a motor car; They would probably told him they need a faster horse.”

-John Mcneece

As the product works on the principle of dry deposition there is no direct contact of air with the product.

And the here frequency is the medium of cleaning and not air. So, it was difficult to assure the user about its working instantly.

The effect of the product on a human can be seen after some days of use which was difficult to convince a user about its efficiency instantly by providing it with real time AQI.

The new design the technology of the air purifier remains the same but it was added with fragrance pods which can be interchanged.

This fragrance pod will provide a user a slow fragrance environment on the go acting as a personal air freshener; and the interchangeable feature in it will help to avoid olfactory fatigue.

This can set a new trend for personal fragrance as the fragrance will last too long along with product acting as a personal health care product.

Lets dive in to the final design output and its detailing.

The new challenge was; To give cognitive assurance and build trust on the functioning of the air purifier.

To do so a new design was created by merging two concepts of air purifier and air fragrance, where Godrej was already a leading brand in fragrance with the brand name of aier.

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The Technical drawing The Godrej aier sheild is a personal air purifier and fragrancer that always keeps your surrounding fresh with different flavours of aromas.

The aroma pod case is a snap open pod case that is perforated and fragrance pods can be fitted and changed whenever required. the dimension of the device is a 50 mm by diameter with an 6 mm modular ring attached to it. And the center of it contains a power button which is light interactive button.

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Aroma Pods The different aroma pods will be available for inter-changing once exhausted with the essence of essential oil in it.

With a wide range of aroma the product ensures that there will never be a olfactory fatigue to the user.

While the aroma in it also ensures to give the cognitive assurance to the user regarding fresh air around him. This feature helps too build the product trust while creating an emotional bond with the product.

With an introduction to aroma pods now the device can also be used in many more different user scenarios like small washrooms, inside a car, can be attached to a key, can be snapped to hand bags.

The aroma feature along with air purifier can set a new trend in the personal health care industry.

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5.2

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5.3 VISUAL ITERATION

Iterative design can be used at any phase of the design process, including when the product has already been launched in the market and you are looking to create improvements in that product.

Visual iteration; is exploring with the visual part of the design where it can help to reach out to a large audience.

“Great design is iteration of good design” -M.Cobanli

As the product Sheild targeted to a wide range of users starting form school going kids to retired persons, for both male and female. So, a visual iteration with different colours and prints can make the product a trend-set for the users.

Iteration recognizes that this is the case and allows you to quickly develop a prototype (which is simply a model of the finished product) and then test that prototype with users to determine what they actually do when confronted with the product.

The Iterations in the visual parts basically with colours and print texture that can be achieved by process of hydro-dipping, helps to create a trend-set for users specially for kids to use it.

User research prior to product development has to deal with what people say they will do in most cases.

There’s no product available to examine what they actually do. So the first model of any given product is likely to reflect the “theoretical use” of a product rather than its actual use.

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06 Design Delivery Prototyping & BOM Testing Packaging Business model & Value proposition

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6.1 PROTOTYPING & BILL OF MATERIAL

To test the concept an early model, based on the concept built to check out its size, shape, usability.

Which help to evaluate the new design by enhancing the precision.

The prototype is 1:1 scaled model with all components intact made to test if its semiotics, semantics actually works or need any change before production.

“As you make a prototype, assume you are right and everyone else is wrong.”

•To prototype the CAD model is prepared over CAD software like solid works with all actual dimensions.

•Once the primer and filler is applied a last sanding is done with a super smooth sand paper.

•Finally all parts are painted and assembled with all other electronic components.

Bill of materials; As the prototype is made every parts and components are associated with certain expenditure. A compressive list is prepared of all parts, items, or any other material required to produce the product and a price chat with it help to Create the Bill of Materials.

•These parts in the CAD are then assembled to form a whole object and checked out it all parts fit each other.

•Once confirmed digitally each part is produced using process of rapid prototyping, CNC milling, or any other prototyping methods.

• As all the parts are created each parts are filed, and sanded made are fitted with each other to check the fit.

• After making the surface smooth, it is time to give the surface a finish, Which is done by applying a thin coat of primer & filler.

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6.2 TESTING

After the prototype was made it was essential to check if the concept is efficient in a condition where there is pollutant. to do a in house initial testing, It is required to produce two conditions where in

“ If you don’t like testing your product, most likely your customers won’t like to test it either.

- Unknown source

• One pollutant is the same but there is no presence of the product • Pollutant is present but there is a presence of the product.

And there is no interference of the two system with each other.

And the entire experiment is to be recorded for a time interval and the results in term of visual changes to be recorded at an time interval.

To do the testing of aier Sheild. Two air tight container were taken and 2 gm of mosquito repellent coil are burnt in each container and each container are kept apart from each other with one container equipped with the product it self.

After every 10 minutes the condition was recorded for next 30 minutes.

After 30 minutes when both the containers are opened visual differences were observed and noted below.

Conclusion: On the first case where there was no sheild in it the smoke was still in the air and was hovering around.

But in the container where aier sheild was present the smoke was not seen in the air rather the wall of the container was fuzzy and seemed like pollutant particles are stuck to the walls of the container.

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6.2 PACKAGING

The packaging of the product is 14cm * 10 cm by dimension fully air tight and a shell is made of the shape of the product that completely fits to the product and hold it tight. The shell is achieved by the process of vacuum forming 1 mm thick plastic sheet.

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Conclusion.

I have a tendency to indulge myself completely into the project while working on it. I realised that the project has become an internal part during this period.

And I learnt a lot starting from how initiate and how to reach out to the final destination of a design project.

So, handling over the files to the company was a bit challenging. As much as i worked on the project till its completion, I was lucky to have a mentor like Trupti Mehta who have been guiding me in all stages of the project starting from its formative stages to its summative stage. The project went through a lot of transitions and reconstructions that made the entire project duration a wholesome learning experience.

Having said that, i conclude my project on a high note. Exhausted from working long hours i really enjoyed working from home yet had a great learning experience .I was satisfied that I had put in all my efforts to carry out the project in all stages and come up with an out put that was well received.

The key to a design is the user if a designer understand the user he understands the problem and can definitely find the solution to it. That was one of the most important take away from the project.

A brand like Godrej consumer products whose motto is “Bringing the goodness of health and beauty to consumers in emerging markets.” I was happy to work with an institution/organization that strive to excel in the field of consumer products. As a designer my role was to craft the linking interface between the brand and the consumer bu coming up with a innovative design concept..

The last 8 months have been adventurous, Challenging and a lot of ups and downs due to pandemic yet working from home turned out to be a new normal.

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References www.avantika.edu.in https://godrejcp.com/ https://www.greenpeace.org/india/en/ https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ pixabay.com freepik.com https://www.dezeen.com/tag/air-purifiers/ www.flipkart.com www.amazon.in Alston, K. (2008). Cradle to cradle design initiatives: lessons and opportunities for preventionthrough design (PtD). Journal of safety research,39(2), 135-136.

ANSI/AHAM AC-1-2006. Method for Measuring Performance of Portable HouseholdElectric Room Air Cleaners. Washington DC.American National Standard Institute Beaker, H.P. (1997), Interview, by: M. Charter, The Journal of Sustainable Product Design, Apr. 1997 (1), p. 44 Bohgard, M., Karlsson, S., Lovén, E., Mikaelsson, L. Å., Mårtensson, L., Osvalder, A. L., ... & Ulfvengren, P. (2015). Arbete och teknik på människans villkor.

Prevent.

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Darwin Technology (2017). About ifD. Retrieved 201704-19 from http://www.ifdair.com/ifd/index.html IDEO org. (2015). The field guide to humancentered design. [electronic resource] (1st ed.)Retrieved 201702-18 from http://www.designkit.org/resources/1 ISO 4225: 1994. Air Quality – General Aspects – Vocabulary. Geneva. International Organization for Standardization.

Tovey, M. (1989). Drawing and CAD in indus80 trial design. Design Studies, 10(1), 24-39.London: Thames & Hudson.

World Health Organization. (2006). Air quality guidelines: global update 2005: particulate matter,ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. World Health Organization.

Van Nes, N., & Cramer, J. (2006). Product lifetime optimization: a challenging strategy towards more sustainable consumption patterns. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(15), 1307-1318 World Health Organization. (2016). Ambient (outdoor) air quality and health. Retrived: 2017-08-03 from : http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs313/en/ World Health Organization. (1999). Hazard prevention and control in the work environment:: airborne dust.

Geneva : World Health Organization ISO 7708:1995. Air Quality-Particle size fractions definitions for the health-related sampling. Geneva.

International Organization for Standardization.

World Health Organization (2016). WHO Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database.

Retrived: 2017-07-27 from: http://www.who.int/phe/ health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/

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Thank You.

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