Afgangsprojekt: Summary report

Løgstør: A shifting territory for harvesting over time

// Søren Bundgaard Holm // 4003481 // Master thesis - Summary report // Spring 2019 // // Aarhus School of Architecture // TP3 // Supervisor: Sofie Pelsmakers //

”Kanten er altid spændingsfyldt, fordi den samler og udfordrer to verdener. Her mødes det sikre og landfaste med rummet, dybet eller vandet.

Arkitektonisk bliver kanten samtidigt til en horisont, stedets kontur mod verden.”

Steen Høyer

Content

Introduction and motivation

5

Research The pantry of the limfjord lands Sea level rise Agriculture Agriculture in coastal areas Aquaculture Limfjorden Aquacultural benefits Fjord garden

6 8 10 11 12 13 14

Inspiration Drying barns Piers Reinterpretation of case studies

16 18 19

Project and reflections Site investigations Locating the area Event calender Nature´s pantry Alges The site Access Weather analysis Image of intents Program

21 24 26 28 30 31 32 34 36

Process Methods Settlement strategies Circulation investigations Key move diagrams Materials Reflections

38 41 42 44 46 47

4

Introduction and motivation

This is an introduction to the design, processes and decisions leading to my thesis proposal.

Studies have shown that the CO2 load from agriculture with beef cattle has a great impact on the environment and that the emission of greenhouse gases are enormous. The agricultural area for production of feed for livestock is 82% of the total Danish agricultural area, in addition comes the water consumption in the process of cultivation, it makes the environmental impact even higher.

The purpose with this thesis project is to investigate methods of how we grow, harvest and cultivate produce food, materials and resources in the Limfjord area in the northern part of Denmark.

My proposal is a Folk High school (Højskole) with focus on nature’s pantry and the pantry of the waters in the Limfjord.

Sea gardens are the ocean’s response to utility gardens where mussels and seaweed can be grown and harvested. There are unused resources in the Limfjord.

By cultivating water, resources are utilized as food and it contributes to healthy aquaculture.

I studied how to harvest and cultivate water rather than soil. I have been inspired by Løgstør’s history, where harvesting of both food and building materials has been present since the town was first mentioned back in 1514. Herring was the largest source of food from the fjord for many years until it disappeared from the fjord in 1828.

This kind of food production is a current and sustainable alternative to a land based agriculture as it does not cause methane emissions. In addition, seaweed and mussels have a cleaning effect on the fjord as they absorb nitrogen and phosphorus from the water. In this way, oxygen depletion is prevented.

The site’s cultural history, construction practice and landscape have informed the project, which creates a framework for local activity, knowledge sharing and food production, which contributes to a sustainable aquaculture in the Limfjord.

I have found inspiration for the architectural expression in drying barns, which has been part of the history of the Limfjord, also the construction practice that characterizes these buildings has been a great source of inspiration.

Not only food can be harvested from the waters, also resources like seaweed for insulation and roof clading can be harvested.

The hunt for the authentic, the contemporary and the natural is greater than ever before, and getting out into nature has become an important thing for many people in Denmark. This is a trend you see all over the world.

The purpose of the project is to create a school where there is room for the residents to learn about nature’s pantry, to cultivate and harvest the water and the learning about crops and its cultivation. You must be able to touch, dig and feel the knowledge of this school.

5

Thorupstrand Fiskehus Svinkløv badehotel

Nor bræn

Brøndum Nørgård natur-ox

Thorupstrand Røgeri

What I found interesting in this study was that there windmill are many organic farm shops where youØsterild can buy testcenter everything from pork chops to apples, but virtually the only place in the Limfjord where aquaculture is present is in NykøbingThygrisen Mors, on the island of Mors. From here, mussels are cultivated in large mussel farms and with around 30,000 tonnes are produced annually1.

The study testifies toThisted an untapped potential of the Limfjord’s resources.

40km 35km 30km 25km 20km

Madsmedjen

Fjerritslev

Vejlernes Gårdbutik

Ancient seabed

15km

10km

5km

Kanalfogedens Køkken

Thisted geothermal

Thisted bryghus heating Another point of interest is the use of renewable energy sources such as wind. In and around the Limfjord area there are many wind turbines that produce electricity.

In Østerild dune plantation there is a test center for Thy Lam onshore and offshore wind turbines, which shows that there is a real development in relation to the climate problem.

Dankalk mining

Løgstør district heating

Glenholm Vingård

s

Livø Avlsgård

I am not using wind power directly in my project, because it can benefits from the clean energy produced Thy Gårdbutik at& Ferie large scale nearby.

el f arm

m

The products include fish and seafood. Oil from rapeseed and even wine is grown and produced in the area around the fjord. In addition, there is a long and varied range of meat products from pigs, bison, deer, lamb and poultry, all of which are nourished and raised Hanstholm in the Limfjord nature.

Whether it is heather, blackberry, lamb, apples or fish, the resources of the Limfjord have the good raw materials that make the culinary experience special, and that is the framework that makes the experience good.

Mu ss

øller

The pantry of the Limfjord lands

Nykøbing Mors

Fur bryghus

Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Aqua Tøttrupgård Vildsund Blue A/S

Drivhuset

Thise Mejeri

6

Rævhede Naturprodukter

rdisk ndevin

Selvforsyningsskolen

Aalborg

Nibe

Flygers Gårdbutik

Rokkedal Kylling

Nibe bryghus

Spirelyst

Støvring Veggergaarde Økologi

Krastrupsøgaard

Skørping

Aars

Frugthaven

Brunholm

Nordlund sawmill Rold skov sawmill

Kjærs stalddørssalg

7

Sea level rise

The sea water is rising, and we can expect more and more violent storm surges in the future. This can have serious consequences for a country like Denmark, where all the 10 largest cities are located on a coast or a fjord. How much seawater will rise depends primarily on how well we succeed in preventing climate change.

How much damage the seawater rises will create depends on how we choose to secure, develop and expand the towns along the sea and fjord over the next 100 years.

At this point we’re not doing enough to prevent sea level rise, which means that we are on the worst case trajectory.

The consequences are immense. When sea levels rise rapidly, as they have been doing, even a small increase can have devastating effects on coastal habitats. As seawater reaches further inland, it can cause destructive erosion, wetland flooding, aquifer and agricultural soil contamination, and lost habitat for fish, birds, and plants.

Sea level rise - +2,1m, predicted at the end of this century3

Sea level rise, +0,7m

Sea level rise - +4,7m.

8

Recent floodings in Løgstør

The worst ever recorded floodings in Løgstør was during a winter hurricane in 2005, the water level rose to 2.26 m above normal.

2.26 m above normal.

1.91 m above normal.

In the time span from 1936 until 2005 there have been at least 15 other occurrences of water level rise between 1.26 m and 1.91 m above normal 1.26 m above normal.

Normal water level.

9

13.5 m ha

3.1 m ha

9%

Europe

North America

4.9 m ha Asia

11 %

Agriculture

1.8 m ha Africa

80%

South America

3.1 m 70% ha

NorthGlobal America farmland area4 11 %

9%

70% ha

North America South 3.1 m ha

7.1 m ha

7.1 m 14%South America ha25%

6%

80%

4.9 70%

m ha

Europe

Of which 9.2% is organic 1.8 m ha Africa

Europe 13.5 m America

1.8 m ha

Europe

14% 21%

South America

1.8Africa m ha 24% Africa

Global water consumptionAsia used for farming5

4.9 m ha

4.9 m ha

ha

North America

6%

Oceania

13.5 m ha

38%

13.5 m ha

9%

27.3 m ha

11 %

7.1 m ha

7.1 m 66% ha 3.1 m

38%

10%

14%

25% 16%

21%

Oceania

21%

ha

6%

Asia

Asia

25%27.3 m

27.3 m ha

24%

10%

m Greenhouse gas27.3 emissions distributed by category6 ha Oceania

Of whichOceania 9.2% is organic Of which 9.2% Ofis which 9.2% organic is organic

66%

16%

66%66%

16%

56%

3.3%

18%

16%

0.7%

25%

0.6% 38%

56%

56%

3.3%

3.3%

18%

18%

0.7%

0.7%

Organic agriculture in Vesthimmerland municipality6 0.6%

Yield differences between organic and conventional agriculture6 9%

25%

0.6%

25%

11 %

Total area of agriculture in Denmark6

80%

56%

3.3%

18%

0.7%

Agricultural area distributed by crops6

0.6% 70%

25% Area distributed by use, human consumption, animal feed and other6

10

24

Agriculture in coastal areas

ammer Hanstholm

Fjerritslev

Klitmøller Aalborg

Nibe Thisted 55km

50km

45km

40km

35km

30km

25km

20km

15km

10km

5km

Støvring

Skørping

Aars

Nykøbing Mors

Increased Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the water dramatically benefit the microalgae, which then grow and multiply at rates much faster than any other marine species.

According to experts from Aarhus University, the number of reduced area should only be around 13%.

There is much else we can do to reduce nitrogen emissions. Something can be done with catch crops, with fertilization, with early sowing of winter seeds and wetlands. It is still not enough if we are to achieve the environmental objectives in selected fjords that need further set-aside. It ends at 13 percent for the entire Limfjord upland. EU says that it is 70 percent that should be set aside, it is misleading, because it is not for the whole of the Limfjord coastal areas, only for some quite selected areas7

ight unl s ed

m

Reduced p

e

Re

tlif

du

lan

ced

a n i m a li

Broken ec osy ste

Agriculture in the coastal areas results in an increase of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the water leading to oxygen depletion.

EU’s Water Framework Directive suggests that the agriculture around Limfjorden should be reduced with 70% to ensure that we achieve a good ecological status in our water areas by 2027. The reduction should be done by fallowing in the areas where the oxygen depletion is worst.

Re du c

60km

Reduc d O2 e

11

Br

Thorupstrand Fiskehus Svinkløv badehotel

Aquaculture Limfjorden

Madsmedjen

No bræ

Brøndum Nørgård natur-ox

Thorupstrand Røgeri

Fjerritslev

In the Limfjord, Vilsund Blue A/S, located in Nykøbing Mors in the western part of the Limfjord, is the biggest producer of mussels. Blue mussels are bred on long lines - either on single drop lines, where the lines hang individually vertically in the water, or on continuous Østerild windmill lines, where long lines hang like garlands in the water. testcenter Clams grown on line grow faster and have a higher meat content than seabed mussels, because there is Vejlernes than on the bottom. more food in the water column Gårdbutik It takes approx. a year for line mussels to grow at saleable size. For comparison, it takes approx. 3 years for bottom mussels.

Vilsund Blue A/S produces more than 30,000 tons of mussels, of which 1,000 tons of organic mussels a year and this figure increase in the 10km 25km 20kmis expected to 15km coming years.

Ancient seabed

5km

Kanalfogedens Køkken

In Løgstør the citizens can buy access to their own fjord garden, which is a mussel and oyster farm run by the association Fjordhaver Limfjorden, where you can grow and later harvest your own mussels, oysters and seaweed8.

Glenholm Vingård

Mu ss

el f arm

s

Livø Avlsgård

Nykøbing Mors

Fur bryghus

Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Aqua

Vildsund Blue A/S

12

Dankalk mining

Løgstør district heating

Rævhede Naturprodukter

ordisk ændevin

Aquacultural benefits

Shellfish and seaweed aquaculture can improve water quality by extracting nitrogen and phosphorus from coastal waterways. As filter feeders, bivalve shellfish can improve water clarity. These factors can lessen the symptoms of eutrophication.

Long line culture systems. (Bottom diagram) The lines can be up to 400 meters long, they are held up by surface buoys and the single drop lines are held by sub-surface floaters. The systems are held in place with anchors.

Selvforsyningsskolen 85 percent of native oyster populations have been lost worldwide and many seaweed communities are similar in decline.

Shellfish and seaweed aquaculture can provide some of the benefits of these lost habitats.

1. Long line, with single drop lines for mussels. The most common used in the Limfjord.

2. Long line, with single drop lines for seaweed.

3. Oyster cages

Shellfish and seaweed aquaculture gear provides refuge for macrofauna including fish, crustaceans and other invertebrates.

g

Nibe

Flygers Gårdbutik

Rokkedal Kylling

Seaweed aquaculture can reduce carbon dioxide and oxygenate waterways, and thereby locally mitigate the effects of ocean acidification. Through increased water clarity, shellfish aquaculture may promote the growth of eelgrass beds.

Nibe bryghus

Spirelyst

Støvring Veggergaarde Økologi

2

1

Brunholm

Aars

Nordlund sawmill

3

Rold skov sawmill

13

Fjord garden

A fjord garden makes it possible to produce seafood and seaweed in small quantities for own consumption.

The Fjord Garden concept builds on the Danish tradition alotment gardens and, in addition to the products, it will also be able to create life on the areas where production will take place.

There are some benefits of pontoon systems: • • • •

The fjord gardens in the Limfjord include the production of seaweed as well as mussels and oysters, and thus take as a starting point in the native species that are present in the Limfjord. It is naturally occurring Limfjord products and, through local micro-production, will increase the knowledge of the potentials of the water and contribute to a greater consumption of healthy foods and increased health and development in the Limfjord waters8.

14

Boat requirements are reduced or cut completely.

Accessibility is increased.

Closer link to ”land” activities More people have the opportunity to make use of the fjord garden also have the possibility of greater age spread8

Boardwalk

Oyster shelves

Hangers for mussel bags & seaweed

Connectors

5200mm

mm

00

25

15

Case study - Drying barn

Location: Skarrehage molervĂŚrk, Mors.

Year: 1940 The A.P. Møller Foundation granted a considerable amount to Museum Mors in 2013. The money was earmarked the renovation and presentation of the Drying Barn, which is 200 metres long and 9 metres wide.

From the late 1940s until 1977, the Skarrehage Mo-clay Plant used the barn for air drying Mo-clay bricks. The Drying Barn is the largest of its kind in Denmark. It is surrounded by the Limfjord and a large bird sanctuary. It used to be just one of many barns in the area, but today it is the last one remaining.

The barn is an open wooden structure with triangular battens to rest the shelfs for drying the clay bricks9.

16

Survey of the drying barn.

Top: Cross section 1.100 Middle: Part of the facade 1:100 Bottom: Site plam 1:10.000

17

Case study - Southwold Pier Location: Southwold, UK Year: 1900, (1999) The original Southwold Pier, which was 810ft long, was built in 1900 as a landing stage for the Belle steamships.

Until the early 1930s most holidaymakers travelled by sea and Southwold was a favourite destination. However, as the roads improved, the steamships lost business and Belle bought coaches instead.

In 1934, the T-shaped landing stage was swept away in a violent storm and never replaced. In 1979, another storm reduced the length of the Pier to only 60ft.

In 1987, the Pier was privately bought and work to rebuild it started in 1999 making new legs with the latest piling techniques. In 2001, the work was completed with the pier reaching its current length of 623 feet. It was named Pier of the Year in 2002 and is Britain’s only 21st Century Pier10.

18

Reinterpretation of case studies From the two mentioned case studies I take the following forward for further investigation in my project.

• Raised pier structure, both to accommodate the raising sea water and to create a connection between land and water.

• Program along the pier, to be on the edge of land and water • Large eaves, to protect the facade • Tectonic honesty, visible constructions • Ridge construction, for natural ventilation • Large roof surfaces

Raised pier structure

Program along pier structure

Large eaves, to protect the facade

Tectonic honesty, visible constructions

Ridge construction for natural ventilation

Large roof surfaces

19

20

Locating the area

The location of my master thesis proposal will be in Løgstør, a small town with a population of 4500 people, in the Northern part of Jutland in the municipality of Vesthimmerland.

Furthermore the citizens of Løgstør can get access to their own fjord garden, which is a mussel and oyster farm run by the association Fjordhaver Limfjorden, where you can grow and later harvest your own mussels, oysters and seaweed.

Additionally, building materials have been harvested from the area, as the chalk mining has been a big industry for more than the past 100 years and the mining is still harvesting 600.000 tons annually8.

The name Løgstør was first mentioned in the year 1514, where it was described as a fishing village. The city of Løgstør flourished in the 16th century, due to its herring markets.

In 1828 the herring disappeared from the Limfjord leading to a giant crisis for the city and the fishing industry, which is no longer existing.

The proposal is located 3 kilometers south of Løgstør along the historical canal, where the boundary between water and land is the least, as the surroundings are an important part of the architecture and the program.

The idea is that as a resident at the school you should be surrounded by the edible nature in the form of sea gardens located in the canal, utility gardens located on land along the canal and the natural pantry in the immediate area, where you can find different types of berries, mushrooms, seaweed, beach herbs etc.

All the harvested benefits the local population in the form of local produce that will be sold in the associated café and farm shop. In addition, raw materials will also be sold to nearby restaurants.

The city of Løgstør is divided by a ridge splitting the city in two: an upper part and a lower part. The ridge is an ancient coastline, hence the lower part is an ancient seabed.

The lower part is the old city, which is also considered the city centre. The higher part is where most of the residential areas are located.

A characteristic of Løgstør is the canal ”Frederik d. 7”, a 4.5 kilometers long canal that was dug in the middle of the 19th century and has been working as a way to sail past the most narrow and shallow waters of the Limfjord. The canal is no longer active as a fairway, it is now a recreative area, with walk and bike paths along both sides. (See photos page 22-23) Løgstør has a history of harvesting in various ways, the aforementioned herring used to be harvested from the Limfjord as well as mussels, though the latter not directly in Løgstør but more specifically they are harvested and processed in Nykøbing Mors in the western part of the Limfjord.

21

The edge between water and land

Top of the ridge.

22

Below the ridge.

23

Event calender, Løgstør11 Gastronomy Family Cultural

February

When looking at the official calendar for Løgstør, it is obvious that they feel strongly at gastro-cultural events. You also see an interest in nature’s pantry as wild herbs, berries and mushrooms. The pictures in the calendar marked with green are all in the wild food category.

It testifies that there is already a need and a desire to use the nature.

15

Luxury grill buffet at Næsbydale Badehotel Feb 15th - 16th Ranum

17

The arrival of the spring-spawning herring Apr 17th - 18th Løgstør

25

Gastronomical day Løgstør

March 02

The culture week Aha! Mar 02nd - 10th Aars

03

Fastelavn Løgstør

04

Culture week Mar 04th - 10th Løgstør

07

Snapseriet - Talk, cultural herritage Løgstør

May 22

23

9

16

Løgstør cinema: Opera: La Boheme Løgstør Spring trade fair Mar 16th - 17th Løgstør

23

26

Snapseriet - Talk and tasting Løgstør

Concert - The Jazz gentlemen Løgstør Made in Denmark May 23rd - 26th Løgstør Canal Gourmet og Cultur Rally Løgstør

April 06

Mussel harvesting day Løgstør

June 01

24

Løgstør Open Air Løgstør

08

Global Goal Tour Løgstør

20 Accordion fair

Snapseriet

09 Boat trip and pick-

Løgstør

it-yourself Løgstør

23 Snapseriet Pick-ityourself tour Løgstør

13

Canal run Løgstør

14

Township festival Løgstør

15

22

Løgstør Cattle Show and Township Festival Løgstør Snapseriet Pick-ityourself tour Løgstør

25 Løgstør

Global Goal Tour

28 Løgstør October

12 Middle Age Days

Themed market from the old days Oct 12th - 13th Løgstør

10 Åhh Abe concert

Canal

Løgstør

Jazz Jul 25th - 28th Løgstør

23

26 Snapseriet

Boat trip and pickit-yourself Løgstør

Løgstør Libary 90 years Løgstør

18 S m o k i n g / Steaming Day at the Museum Løgstør

September 09

Gourme night H v a l p s u n d Færgekro Farsø

18 Halloween Løgstør

Seashell

Safari

20 along the beach Løgstør

04 Thursday music,

01 Thursday music,

12

02 Snapseriet

Every thursday of the month Løgstør

19

November

August

July

Løgstør Mussel Festival Jul 12th - 14th Løgstør

Every thursday of the month Løgstør

08

Maritime Festival w/ tall ships & gastronomy Sept 8th - 11th Løgstør

Boat trip and pickit-yourself Løgstør

13 Snapseriet - Talk and tasting Løgstør

Christmas

29 festival

tree

Løgstør

Snapseriet Boat trip and pickit-yourself Løgstør

18 Snapseriet - Talk and tasting Løgstør

December 15 Christmas arrival.

Løgstør

25

Ship

Natures pantry

The biodiversity in the danish nature is at its highest between April and September, where flowering season for herbs, berries and aquatic plants is in full effect.

Wind, weather, animals and floods are all variable factors in the creation of this environment, making the selection vary from year to year. Aquatic plants & herbs generally dominate the spring, whilst berries, flowers and fruit tend to take over during summer and fall.

Ecosystem-wise, the Løgstør’s beaches and the surrounding areas are home to a diverse flora & fauna, which is dependant on the available nutrients. This includes plants, birds, mammals and insects.

The plants on the beaches feed on a foundation of loamy soil, which acts as a natural fertilizer due to the high concentration of compressed organic material, i.e. chalk and lime from the time the area below the ridge was part of the seabed.

26

Natures pantry present in Løgstør

Sea buckthorne

Rosehips

Blackberries, strawberries, raspberries

Elderflower/berries

Bill and blueberries

Lingonberries

Rowan

Barberries

Chantarelles

Wood ears

Glasswort

Sea kale

27

Alges

There are in general two types of algaes in the Limfjord: microalgae and macroalgae. Microalgae are singlecelled, and macroalgae consist of several cells. Both types of algae make photosynthesis like the plants on land. By photosynthesis, energy from the sun, CO2 and water is converted to carbon compounds and oxygen.

Algae also absorb nitrogen and phosphorus as they grow, and therefore act as natural purification that reduce both the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in the aquatic environment. In addition, algae contain essential omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, proteins and fibers.

Macroalgae are also called seaweed and live in seawater. There are more than 400 different species of macroalgae in Denmark and 10,000 species worldwide.

The species of macroalgae are divided into three main groups: brown algae, green algae and red algae.

Macroalgae vary widely in size from below 1 cm up to 60 meters, and generally grow slower than microalgae, but growth rates of up to 40% per day occur. The largest species of macroalgae can be found on the west coast of North America, where large forests of seaweed grow. Seaweed forests are also common in Denmark, and they provide breeding and settlement and food for a myriad of marine animals.

Seaweed is a valuable resource that can be used for many purposes such as human and animal food, ingredients for the food industry, building materials, sustainable bioenergy, medicine and as a source for, among other things, minerals, vitamins, trace elements, omega 3 acids and bioactive substances.

28

Most common seaweeds in Denmark To be grown in the facilities

Edible seaweed

Used for building materials

Used in cosmetics

Callithamnion corymbosum

Ceramium nodulosum

Heterosiphonia Japonica

Chondrus crispus

Chaetomorpha linum

Cladophora sp

Cladophor sericea

Alaria esculenta

Bryopsis sp

Palmaria palmata

Enteromorpha intestinalis

Fucus vesiculosus

Ulva lactuca

Zostera marina

Sargassum muticum

Furcellaria lumbricalis

Saccharina latissima

Cladophora rupestris

Codium fragile

Laminaria digitata

Rhizoclonium riparium

Fucus serratus

Enteromorpha sp

Laminaria hyperborea

29

The site

The project is located 3 kilometers south of Løgstør along the historical canal.

Because I want to investigate harvesting from land and water, I am interested in a site where both could co-exist and/or overlap – these conditions are met in the highlighted site, where the boundary between water and land is the least.

The site offers a close relation to the pantry of the waters, at shallow waters you can walk on the seabed and pick fresh mussels, on the beaches multiple types of beach herbs are present, and on the ridge you can pick a great variety of different berries and mushrooms.

Diagramatic model showing what is present around the site

Golf course Forest Agriculture Pasture Swamp area

Site

30

Access

There are two arrival points to the site, the main access will be from the top of the ridge, here you can arrive by car and walk the rest of the way.

The second option is to arrive by the recreational path along the canal, this arrival is by foot, bike or boat, or by car directly to the proposal if necessary, being delivery of goods, disabled people etc.

31

Weather analysis

Having chosen a site directly at the edge of the water, weather is an important factor to think about, hence this analysis.

Having analyzed the naturally occurring processes, it is possible to extract a series of principles, guidelines and tools for the future development of the project. This includes microclimate creation through strategically placed interventions as well as adaptation to rising sea levels through landscape measures in tune with the natural environment in and around Løgstør.

m/s 11 < 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 <2

32

The barrier between the Limfjord and the canal is composed of the dug op material from the canal, which consists of limestone / chalk. The loamy soil is less prone to erosion and acts as a natural fertilizer, providing the foundation for the diverse coastal vegetation, which besides providing shelter from the wind and water, has recreational value and has permacultural qualities.

The harborfront is characterized by weathered, yet durable materials and man-made revetments. However, it contains few climatic barriers in terms of wind - rendering large parts of the spaces uncomfortable to be in during harsh weather, despite attempts to create attractive public spaces.

30 °C

100 mm

20 °C

20 °C 15 °C

10 °C

6 °C 3 °C

0 °C

0 °C

3 °C -1 °C

75 mm

17 °C 12 °C

11 °C

25 days

20 °C

17 °C 12 °C

9 °C

30 days

10 °C

6 °C

20 days

12 °C

6 °C

3 °C

50 mm

7 °C 3 °C

0 °C

15 days

4 °C 1 °C

10 days

25 mm

5 days

-10 °C

Jan

Feb

Precipitation Cold nights

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Mean daily maximum

Jul

Aug

Sep

Hot days

Oct

Nov

Dec

0 mm

0 days

Mean daily minimum

Jan

Feb

Sunny

Average temperatures and precipitation

Mar

Apr

May

Partly cloudy

Jun

Jul

Overcast

Aug

Sep

Cloudy, sunny, and precipitation days

33

Oct

Precipitation days

Nov

Dec

Images of intent

34

The two illustrations to the left are initial concept ideas that I had during the analysis process.

As seen in the image to the left, my aim is to create a folk high school that are placed in the middle of the nature. It is important that you as a hiker or local resident in Løgstør are welcome at the site.

As seen in the image to the left, my aim is to use the waters to create a nature folk high school where water is an equal or greater source to cultivate, grow and harverst. The illustration shows a floating structure with sea gardens under the water and with growing boxes above the water.

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Program

Inspired by the mapping of the site, my problem formulation I arrived at a program that would be centred around the nature and more specifically the Limfjord waters of Løgstør.

The program can be divided into three parts: A place for cultivating The production is the cultivation of seaweed and mussels. The production consists of preparations in the workshops, making the nets for growing in the canal and fjord, maintenance and care of the edible crops harvested.

The program is for you who want to learn more about nature, climate and aquacultural production.

The school is first and foremost with focus on practical skills where you both get the opportunity to grow mussels, seaweed, vegetables, build a greenhouse, give the waters new life and get to know the forest.

Outdoor activities is of great importance: cooking over bonfires, gathering the wild nature’s pantry.

In short the school is a laboratory where to restore the connection to the soil in the gardens, waters and in the wild nature in and around Løgstør.

A place for communicating Dissemination on site is aimed at students who are part of the production for daily use. For visitors and locals, lectures and teaching about the fjord’s ecosystems, food and aquaculture must take place in the lecture hall and teaching facilities.

A place for processing Seaweed and mussels can be prepared in many ways. From the workshops, the harvest is cleaned and processed. Before the fresh seafoods are cooked or sent to restaurants, they can be smoked or wind-dried in the drying barn.

Local users and the school can prepare their own harvest jointly on site.

The folk high school creates the perfect framework for courses in the use of nature’s pantry, both water and soil • Gourmet team building with nature´s experiences and cooking.

• Facilities for gatherings, families, food clubs and more, with joint cooking.

• Courses regarding everything within the theme.

• Camp schools with nature experiences and cooking over open fire.

• Acoustic concerts, lectures, wine tastings etc.

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Løgstør

Distilleries

Peripheral

Snapseriet e Folk High School Within th

Gourmet restaurants

Vesthimmerlands agriculture

Educational facilities 300 m2

Dwelling + community facilities 400 m2

CafĂŠ/ Restaurant 100 m2

Shop 25 m2

Storrage 100 m2

The growing pier

Greenhouse 300 m2

Workshops 200 m2

Drying barn 250 m2

Shelter

The program can be divided into three parts A place for cultivating The production is the cultivation of seaweed and mussels. The production consists of preparations in the workshops, making the nets for growing in the canal and fjord, maintenance and care of the edible crops harvested.

A place for communicating Dissemination on site is aimed at students who are part of the production for daily use. For visitors and locals, lectures and teaching about the ocean's ecosystems, food and aquaculture must take place in the lecture hall and teaching facilities.

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A place for processing Seaweed and mussels can be prepared in many ways. From the workshops, the harvest is cleaned and processed. Before the fresh seafoods are cooked or sent to restaurants, they can be smoked or wind-dried in the drying barn. Local users and the school can prepare their own harvest jointly on site.

Methods

My working method through the project has been investigative. The process can be divided into 4 parts: Analysis, registration and mapping, investigation and sketching and the last summary and presentation.

The transition between the phases has been fluid in the sense that I have worked with them in parallel without ending in chronological order.

In my problem formulation I wrote that I wanted to challenge how, what and where we grow, harvest and cultivate, with that in mind, I got the idea that I want to make a folk high school with a focus on nature. It is a place for learning, so you will for example be able to grow and harvest your knowledge.

Registration and mapping: I already had an idea that my project should be located south of Løgstør along the historical channel, as the boundary between water and land is at its smallest here. So I went on a study trip to Løgstør to investigate the site I had chosen other potential sites. I registered in the form of pictures and conversations with people I met on my trip.

Analysis: I knew I wanted to work with nature in my thesis project, but I didn’t know what it meant exactly.

For several reasons I chose to place my project in Løgstør. I grew up 15 km away and therefore know the area, I previously made a project in Løgstør in the Master’s program, where I found several topics to delve into with an architectural project. In addition, there are several different types of nature in Løgstør and surroundings, which I saw as an advantage when the program and architecture were to be explored.

During my initial analysis, I examined the potential of nature in the Limfjord area, it soon became clear that the Limfjord country is packed with organic farm shops, small local breweries and large breweries, but one thing that was missing was the connection to water and the potential of the resources from the water. That’s why I chose aquaculture to be part of the project.

One of my criteria for the project was therefore that it should be in close connection with land and water, therefore I focused my attention around the coastline.

I investigated agriculture and aquaculture and the advantages and disadvantages of these in relation to sustainability.

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Water level 1,5 meter above normal

Water level 0,5 meter below normal

With conditions like above the city prepare themselves for floodings, these protections have a critical point at 2.3 meters above normal water level.

With the conditions like above to the right it is possible to pick mussels directly from the seabed

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Investigation and sketching: At this stage, I started investigating various folk high schools to find out what functions my project should contain, which resulted in a brainstorm with many functions, which later became specific to the final program.

I investigated how aquaculture could become part of the project, in the form of mussel farms in the Limfjord and smaller sea gardens in the canal.

During this phase I have studied several different typologies for the project, where I looked at, among other things, floating structures, a mixture of liquid and land-based structures, bridge structures and a mixture of bridge and land-based structures. I outlined at various locations in the landscape and tested the different typologies in possible floor plans.

I first investigated how I could work with the floating aspect, but since I wanted close contact between land

â&#x20AC;˘

and water, I quickly found that it would seem like two separate clusters with great distance between them.

I therefore considered that there should be another connection between the buildings, so I tried the bridge structure with a floating part in the fjord, which gave the same challenge as before.

It was at this point I began to investigate longhouse typologies and found inspiration in the drying barns, which have been part of the Limfjord history. I therefore took a trip to Mors, to register the drying barn at Skarrehage MolervĂŚrk. It was the start of the final proposal, where I have three elements: the bridge, the floating sea gardens and the drying barn.

Program distribution

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3

Settlement strategies

1

4 â&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘

2

1

2

3

4

41

Longbuilding typology on pier structure Large roof surfaces

Circulation investigations

2

1 2 •

Unbroken pathways

Ramp investigations •

Unbroken pathways

•

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Unbroken pathways

1

2

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Key moves diagrams

Massing volumes, longhouse typology

Lines in the landscape

These diagrams are a series of key moves that has been a part of the development of the project.

Especially the first on the top, lines in the landscape, has been of great importance for the settlement strategy

Dividing the building into functions and open spaces

Circulation, horizontal and vertical Horizontal

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Vertical

Raising main structure on pier structure, keeping wet and private functions on ground level

Public

Public private relations Semi-public

Walkway structure added

Private

Walking

Harvesting, water and soil

Access

Access from parking

Harvesting energy, geothermal pile foundation

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Materials

Throughout the process, I have thought sustainability into the project, which means that it is an integrated part of the project, from design details to material selection.

The designs are conceived from the principle of design for disassembly, the construction is separable and can therefore be recycled. This is a principle that goes throughout the whole project.

I have chosen to primarily use wood in the building.

Wood is generally a climate-friendly material as it is CO2-neutral because it absorbs CO2 while it is growing.

Structural Timber Most of the timber used for structural components are locally sourced pine, the most widely and economically viable option in Denmark. It is mostly used in the buildings in conjunction with steel for the main structural trusses. The trusses are designed to be prefabricated and easy to disassemble reducing timber waste on site.

Kebony12 The Kebony technology is an environmentally friendly, patented process that enhances the properties of sustainable softwood with a bio-based liquid. The process permanently modifies the wood cell walls, giving Kebony premium hardwood characteristics and a rich brown colour.

This type of wood is used for the pier structure, which is exposed to wet and rough conditions. As well as the trusses the pier structure are also designed to be prefabricated and easy to disassemble.

Prefabricated wall elements13 For the weather screen prefabricated wall elements are used, it does call for a longer design phase due to the prefabricated nature of it. The advantage is that there there is very little waste of timber on site and construction times are shorter.

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Reflection

The project is based on some of the things that have interested me through my education at the School of Architecture. Nature has been a great influence on my Master´s education, I have been working with biodiversity and water activities in the former two semesters.

Also two extents to my previous education as a carpenter and architectural technologist have been an influence. In addition, nature is also an important part of my life.

With these points I have therefore had a pragmatic approach to the project and it has been natural for me to take my graduation project in those directions: A nature folk high school, in wood, in nature.

Given more time, I would have studied how to bring agriculture on a larger scale into the project too, in order to create a school with a focus on aquaculture, natureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pantry and agriculture on a larger scale. It would give another experience of the place and you will benefit from knowledge sharing across the topics.

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Credits

Literature: Page 2: Høyer, Steen: ”Landskabskunst 2”, Arkitektskolens Forlag.

Page 21: Limfjordsmuseernes Samvirke: ”Fra Løgstør til Thyborøn”, Trykkeri friheden Page 26: Eckmann, Anette: ”Naturens spisekammer”, Politikkens forlag.

Page 28: Smag på Aarhus: ”Spis tang - Guide til bæredygtig høst af dansk tang”

Internet: 1

https://vilsund.com/#vilsund-blue

2

https://realdania.dk/tema/havvandsstigninger

3

https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/viden/klima/vandet-kan-stige-med-over-meter-i-aar-2100-og-sende-millioner-paa-flugt

4

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ag.lnd.agri.zs

5

https://www.globalagriculture.org/report-topics/water.html

6

https://aktiv.dn.dk/media/4336/saadan_ligger_landet_2015-landbrug.pdf

7

https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/politik/kv17/faktatjek-skal-70-procent-af-jorden-ved-limfjorden-laegges-brak

8

https://www.fjordhaver.dk/om-projektet/

9

https://museummors.dk/en/fossil-og-mo-clay-museum/the-drying-barn

10

https://www.southwoldpier.co.uk/about/history/

11

https://www.visitvesthimmerland.dk/search/whatson

12

https://kebony.com/en/content/technology

13

https://www.scandibyg.dk/

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Photos: Page 14: Mogens lynge: https://vesthimmerlandsfolkeblad.dk/nyheder/nabohjaelp-paa-havnen-i-loegstoer/664e0681-d9d2-490ab85d-92dafc45c4da Page 18: Top: https://www.thesuffolkcoast.co.uk/articles/piers-on-the-suffolk-coast Middle: Phil Champion: https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5637864 Bottom: https://www.sosouthwold.co.uk/luxury-holiday-cottages/about/iconic/southwold-pier Page 29: All photos from: http://www.seaweed.ie/index.php Page 44: Bottom: https://www.scandibyg.dk/

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