Transportation Newsletter - Spring 2013

SPRING 2013

®

Attorneys at Law

TRANSPORTATION NEWSLETTER

Inside This Issue P. 2

Does Your At-Will Employment Policy Violate the National Labor Relations Act?

P. 4

Team Updates

P. 6

Wrongful Death Changes in SC: Reallocation for Setoff and Pre-impact Fear as an Element of Survival Damages

P. 7

Two Cases Change Thoughts on SC Financial Responsibility Act

Cargo Losses: Who Must Pay? Ɛ ũƵƐƚ ĂďŽƵƚ ĞǀĞƌLJŽŶĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌLJ ŬŶŽǁƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ŵĞŶĚŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ /ŶƚĞƌƐƚĂƚĞ ŽŵŵĞƌĐĞ Đƚ͕ ϰϵ h͘^͘ ͘ Α ϭϰϳϬϲ Ğƚ ƐĞƋ͕͘ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůLJ ŐŽǀĞƌŶƐ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚLJ ŽĨ ŵŽƚŽƌ ĂŶĚ ƌĂŝů ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƟŶŐ ĨƌĞŝŐŚƚ͕ ŝŵƉŽƐĞƐ ŶĞĂƌ ƐƚƌŝĐƚ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚLJ ŽŶ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ ĐĂƌŐŽ ůŽƐƐ͘ DŽƐƚ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚůLJ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ŵĞŶĚŵĞŶƚ ĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ Ă ƐŚŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ Ă ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ǁĂƐ ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶƚ ŝŶ ĐĂƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌŐŽ ůŽƐƐ͘ /ŶƐƚĞĂĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ ŵƵƐƚ ƉƌŽǀĞ ŽŶůLJ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌŐŽ ǁĂƐ ƚĞŶĚĞƌĞĚ ŝŶ ŐŽŽĚ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ͕ ǁĂƐ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌĞĚ ŝŶ ĚĂŵĂŐĞĚ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ ƐƵīĞƌĞĚ ĚĂŵĂŐĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚLJ ƌĞŐŝŵĞ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ ĨŽƌĞ͕ ŽŌĞŶ ůĞĂĚƐ ƚŽ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚLJ ĨŽƌ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ĞǀĞŶ ǀĞŶ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ ĨƌĞŝŐŚƚ ƚŚĞLJ ĐĂƌƌLJ ŝƐ ĚĂŵĂŐĞĚ ŐĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶĐĞͶŽƌ ĞǀĞŶ ŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂů ŶĂů ǁƌŽŶŐĚŽŝŶŐͶŽĨ Ă ƚŚŝƌĚ ƉĂƌƚLJ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĞƐĞ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ǁŚĂƚ ƌĞĐŽƵƌƐĞ ĚŽĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌ ĂŵŽƵŶƚƐ ƉĂŝĚ ƚŽ Ě ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ͍

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&ŝƌƐƚ͕ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ŝƚƐĞůĨ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌͲĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ĂůůŽǁƐ Ă ͞ƌĞĐĞŝǀŝŶŐ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ͕͟ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ƚŚĂƚ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĨƌĞŝŐŚƚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ͕ Žƌ Ă ͞ĚĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ͟ ƚŽ ƐĞĞŬ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌLJ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ǁŚŽ ĂĐƚƵĂůůLJ ŚĂƐ ĐƵƐƚŽĚLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĨƌĞŝŐŚƚ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ƟŵĞ ƚŚĞ ůŽƐƐ ŽĐĐƵƌƐ͘ ϰϵ h͘^͘ ͘ Α ϭϰϳϬϲ;ďͿ͘ /Ŷ ĨĂĐƚ͕ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ͛Ɛ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ŝƐ ƌĞĂůůLJ ĂŶ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ ƐŝŶĐĞ ŝƚ ƉĞƌŵŝƚƐ ƚŚĞ ŝŶŶŽĐĞŶƚ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ͕ ǁŚŽ ŚĂĚ ĐƵƐƚŽĚLJ ǁŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ĚĂŵĂŐĞ ŽĐĐƵƌƌĞĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĨƵůů ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ŽĨ ĚĂŵĂŐĞƐ ƉĂŝĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ŝŶŶŽĐĞŶƚ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ͕ ƉůƵƐ ĞdžƉĞŶƐĞƐ ŝŶĐƵƌƌĞĚ ĚĞĨĞŶĚŝŶŐ ĂŶLJ ůĂǁƐƵŝƚ ĮůĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ͘ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐůLJ͕ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨĂŝƌůLJ ŶĂƌƌŽǁ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŽĨ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌͲĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞ͕ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĂŶƐǁĞƌ͘

^ŵŝƚŚ DŽŽƌĞ >ĞĂƚŚĞƌǁŽŽĚ͛Ɛ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ EĞǁƐůĞƩĞƌ ŝƐ EŽǁ ǀĂŝůĂďůĞ KŶůŝŶĞ

/Ŷ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌ Žƌ ǁƌŽŶŐĚŽĞƌ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ͕ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌLJ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŝŶŶŽĐĞŶƚ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ďĞĐŽŵĞƐ ƚƌŝĐŬŝĞƌ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐƚĂƚĞ ůĂǁ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůLJ ŵƵƐƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ƚŚĞ ĂŶƐǁĞƌ͘ KĨ ĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕ ĂƐ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶLJ ŝƐƐƵĞ ŽĨ ƐƚĂƚĞ ůĂǁ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ĨĞĚĞƌĂů ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͕ ƌĞůŝĞĨ ǀĂƌŝĞƐ ŐƌĞĂƚůLJ ĨƌŽŵ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƚŽ ƐƚĂƚĞ͘ DĂŶLJ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ĂůůŽǁ ĨŽƌ ĞƋƵŝƚĂďůĞ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ĂƐ Ă ŵĞĂŶƐ ŽĨ ƐŚŝŌŝŶŐ Ă ůŽƐƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƚLJ ǁŚŽ͕ ŝŶ ĞƋƵŝƚLJ͕ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞĂƌ ŝƚ͘ dŚƵƐ͕ ŝŶ ŵĂŶLJ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ Ă ƉĂƌƚLJ ǁŚŽ ŝƐ ƉĂƐƐŝǀĞůLJ Žƌ ƐĞĐŽŶĚĂƌŝůLJ ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶƚ ĐĂŶ ƐĞĞŬ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ĨƌŽŵ ĂŶ ĂĐƟǀĞ͕ ƉƌŝŵĂƌLJ ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌ͘ See, e.g., Lyons & Sons, Inc. v. N.C. State Bd. of Educ͕͘ Ϯϯϴ E͘ ͘ Ϯϰ ;ϭϵϱϯͿ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚĞdžƚ ŽĨ ĂŶ ŝŶŶŽĐĞŶƚ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ǁŚŽ ŚĂƐ ƉĂŝĚ Ă ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ĐŽƵůĚ ƵƐĞ ƚŚŝƐ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞ ƚŽ ƐĞĞŬ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌLJ ŽĨ ĞǀĞƌLJƚŚŝŶŐ ŝƚ ŚĂƐ ƉĂŝĚ ĨƌŽŵ Ă ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ Ă ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶƚ ŵŽƚŽƌŝƐƚ Žƌ Ă ƚŚŝĞĨ͘ /Ŷ ĨĂĐƚ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ

dŽ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞ ƚŚĞ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ĞĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ĞŵĂŝů ŐĞŽƌŐĞ͘ŶĞůƐŽŶΛƐŵŝƚŚŵŽŽƌĞůĂǁ͘ĐŽŵ ǁŝƚŚ ͞^ĂǀĞ Ă dƌĞĞ͟ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƵďũĞĐƚ ůŝŶĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ LJŽƵƌ ŶĂŵĞ ĂŶĚ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ďŽĚLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞŵĂŝů͘

dŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ũŽŝŶŝŶŐ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚLJ ĞīŽƌƚƐ͘

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ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ŝƐ ƚƌƵůLJ ŝŶŶŽĐĞŶƚ͕ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ŵĞƐŚĞƐ ǁĞůů ǁŝƚŚ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ͛Ɛ ŶĞĂƌ ƐƚƌŝĐƚ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚLJ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůLJ ůŽŽŬ ƚŽ ŝƚ ĨŽƌ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌLJ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ ůŝŵŝƚĞĚ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƐŽŵĞ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĞ ŝƚ Žƌ ƐĞǀĞƌĞůLJ ůŝŵŝƚ ŝƚƐ ƐĐŽƉĞ͕ ƐĞĞ͕ Ğ͘Ő͕͘ Vermeer Carolina’s Inc. v. Wood/Chuck Chipper Corp.͕ ϱϭϴ ^͘ ͘ϮĚ ϯϬϭ ;^͘ ͘ ƉƉ͘ ϭϵϵϵͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŝƚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůLJ ǁŝůů ŶŽƚ ĂƉƉůLJ ǁŚĞƌĞ Ă ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ Žƌ ŝƚƐ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ĂĐƚƵĂůůLJ ǁĂƐ ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶƚ ďƵƚ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ƉĂƌƚLJ͛Ɛ ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ĂůƐŽ ũŽŝŶƚůLJ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌŐŽ ůŽƐƐ͘ :ŽŝŶƚ ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐ ŽŌĞŶ ƉƌŽǀĞ ŵŽƐƚ ĚŝĸĐƵůƚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ƐĞĞŬŝŶŐ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌLJ͘ ůƚŚŽƵŐŚ Ăƚ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ůĂǁ ƚŚĞƌĞ ǁĂƐ ŶŽ ƌŝŐŚƚ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ŽŶĞ ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ͕ ĞǀĞƌLJ ƐƚĂƚĞ ŚĂƐ ŶŽǁ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ ƐŽŵĞ ĨŽƌŵ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ͘ DŽƐƚ ĐŽŵŵŽŶůLJ͕ Ă ǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ hŶŝĨŽƌŵ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ŵŽŶŐ :ŽŝŶƚ dŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌƐ Đƚ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ͘ dŚŝƐ Đƚ ƉĞƌŵŝƚƐ Ă ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌ ǁŚŽ ŚĂƐ ŵĂĚĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŶũƵƌĞĚ ƉĂƌƚLJ ǁŚŽůĞ ďLJ ƉĂLJŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚLJ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌ Ă ƉƌŽ ƌĂƚĂ ƐŚĂƌĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ƉĂŝĚ ĨƌŽŵ ŽŶĞ Žƌ ŵŽƌĞ ũŽŝŶƚ ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌƐ͘ dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ ŝŶ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ͕ ĨŽƌ ĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ Ă ƚƌƵĐŬ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ĂŶĚ Ă ƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌ ĂƵƚŽŵŽďŝůĞ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ĂƌĞ ďŽƚŚ ŶĞŐůŝŐĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌŐŽ ůŽƐƐ ƌĞƐƵůƚƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƚŽƌ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ǁŽƵůĚ ƐĞĞŬ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ĂŵŽƵŶƚƐ ŝƚ ƉĂŝĚ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ ĨŽƌ

ĐĂƌŐŽ ůŽƐƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĂƵƚŽŵŽďŝůĞ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ͘ Ƶƚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ŝƚƐ ĚƌĂǁďĂĐŬƐ͘ &ŝƌƐƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ǁŝůů ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌ ŽŶůLJ Ă ƉƌŽ ƌĂƚĂ ƐŚĂƌĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ŝƚ ƉĂŝĚ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ͕ ĂŶĚ ŶŽƚ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƟƌĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ĂƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ͘ ^ĞĐŽŶĚ͕ ƐŽŵĞ ĐŽƵƌƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ŚĞůĚ ƚŚĂƚ Ă ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ǁŚŽ ŚĂƐ ĐŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƚĞĚ Ă ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ŚĂƐ ŶŽ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ƐĞĞŬ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ĨŽƌ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚLJ ŝŶ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ ĂŶĚ ŶŽƚ ŝŶ ƚŽƌƚ͕ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ ŚĂǀĞ ƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ĂƐ Ă ũŽŝŶƚ ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌ ƚŽ ŝŶǀŽŬĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ Đƚ͘ North American Van Lines, Inc. v.

Pinkerton Security Systems., Inc., ϴϵ &͘ϯĚ ϰϱϮ ;ϳƚŚ ŝƌ͘ ϭϵϵϲͿ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ƌĞŵĂŝŶƐ ƚŚĞ ďĞƐƚ ŽƉƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ƐĞĞŬŝŶŐ Ăƚ ůĞĂƐƚ Ă ƉĂƌƟĂů ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌLJ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞLJ ŵĂLJ ďĞĂƌ ƐŽŵĞ ĨĂƵůƚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌŐŽ ůŽƐƐ͘ dŚĞ ŚĂƌƐŚ ƌĞƐƵůƚ ŽĨ EŽƌƚŚ ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ sĂŶ >ŝŶĞƐ ĐĂƐĞ ŚĂƐ ŶŽƚ ďĞĞŶ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ ďĞLJŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ^ĞǀĞŶƚŚ ŝƌĐƵŝƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶLJ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ĂůůŽǁ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ůĂǁ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ǁŚĞƌĞ ĞƋƵŝƚLJ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ ŝƚ͕ ĞǀĞŶ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ ƚĞƌŵƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ Đƚ ĂƌĞ ŝŶĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞ͘ Holcomb v. Holcomb͕ ϳϬ E͘ ͘ ƉƉ͘ ϰϳϭ ;ϭϵϴϰͿ͘ ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ ĞǀĞŶ ƚŚĞ ^ĞǀĞŶƚŚ ŝƌĐƵŝƚ ŚĂƐ ůŝŵŝƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƌƵůĞ ŽĨ North American Van Lines ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƚĂƚĞ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ůĂǁ ƌĞŵĞĚŝĞƐ ŵĂLJ ĂƉƉůLJ ĞǀĞŶ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƚŽƌLJ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ͘ See Sompo Japan Ins., Inc. v. Nippon Cargo Airlines Co., Ltd.͕ ϱϮϮ &͘ϯĚ ϳϳϲ ;ϳƚŚ ŝƌ͘ ϮϬϬϴͿ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ

ŽƉƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƉůĞĂĚŝŶŐ Ă ĨĞĚĞƌĂů ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ůĂǁ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ĞƋƵŝƚĂďůĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ƐƚĂƚĞ ůĂǁ ŝŶ ĂůůŽĐĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƐƚ ŽĨ ĚĂŵĂŐĞĚ ĨƌĞŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ƚŽƌƞĞĂƐŽƌƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ͘ >ĂƐƚůLJ͕ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ďƌŽŬĞƌƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶ ĨĂǀŽƌĂďůĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ͛Ɛ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ĐĂƌŐŽ ĐůĂŝŵƐ ƉĂŝĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ Žƌ ďƌŽŬĞƌ ĂƌĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͘ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ĐĂŶ͕ ĨŽƌ ĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƵĂůůLJ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƚ ǁŝůů ƉĂLJ ĐĂƌŐŽ ĐůĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ Žƌ ďƌŽŬĞƌ ŝŶ ĞdžĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĨŽƌ ĂŶ ĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ͛Ɛ Žƌ ďƌŽŬĞƌ͛Ɛ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ƚŽ ƉƵƌƐƵĞ ůĞŐĂůůLJ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ƉĂƌƟĞƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƵĂů ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐ ǁŝůů ŽŌĞŶ ĂůůŽǁ Ă ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ ƚŽ ƐŝĚĞƐƚĞƉ ŵĂŶLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƚŽƌLJ ďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌLJ ŽĨ ŝŶĚĞŵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ Žƌ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŽďƚĂŝŶ Ă ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌLJ ŽĨ ĂŵŽƵŶƚƐ ŝƚ ŚĂƐ ƉĂŝĚ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉĞƌ Žƌ ďƌŽŬĞƌ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ĨŽƌ ĐĂƌŐŽ ůŽƐƐ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ĞŶĚ͕ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝŶƐƵƌĞƌƐ ǁŚŽ ƉĂLJ ĂƌŵĂĐŬ ĐůĂŝŵƐ ŵƵƐƚ ĞdžƉůŽƌĞ Ăůů ŽƉƟŽŶƐ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĂƚͲĨĂƵůƚ ƚŚŝƌĚ ƉĂƌƟĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ƌĞƐƵůƚ ƐŚŝŌƐ ƚŚĞ ůŽƐƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƚLJ ǁŚŽ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞĂƌ ŝƚ͘ Ɛ ĂůǁĂLJƐ͕ ďĞŝŶŐ ĂǁĂƌĞ ŽĨ LJŽƵƌ ůĞŐĂů ŽƉƟŽŶƐ ǁŝůů ůĞĂǀĞ LJŽƵ ďĞƐƚ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ŵĂŶĂŐĞ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ͘

Does Your At-Will Employment Policy Violate the National Labor Relations Act? /Ŷ ŵŽƐƚ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ͕ ĂďƐĞŶƚ ĂŶ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ǁŝůů ŽĨ ďŽƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞ͘ dŚƵƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ͞ĂƚͲǁŝůů͟ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƚĞĚ ďLJ ĞŝƚŚĞƌ ƉĂƌƚLJ͕ Ăƚ ĂŶLJ ƟŵĞ͕ ǁŝƚŚ Žƌ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ŶŽƟĐĞ͕ ĨŽƌ ĂŶLJ ;ůĂǁĨƵůͿ ƌĞĂƐŽŶ͕ Žƌ ĨŽƌ ŶŽ ƌĞĂƐŽŶ Ăƚ Ăůů͘ dŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĚŽĐƚƌŝŶĞ ŝƐ ƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ ƚŽ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ŇĞdžŝďŝůŝƚLJ ĨŽƌ ĞĂĐŚ ƉĂƌƚLJ͗ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĨƌĞĞ ƚŽ ĞdžƉůŽƌĞ ĂŶĚ ĂĐĐĞƉƚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ƐƵŝƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŶĞĞĚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞƌƐ ĂƌĞ ƉĞƌŵŝƩĞĚ ƚŽ ƐĞǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ǁŚĞŶ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŶŽ ůŽŶŐĞƌ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶŝŶŐ͕ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ ƚŽ ũƵƐƟĨLJ ƚŚĞ ƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ͞ĨŽƌ ĐĂƵƐĞ͟ ƌĞĂƐŽŶƐ

2

ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ Žƌ ŵŝƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ͘ dŽ ďĞŶĞĮƚ ĨƵůůLJ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĚŽĐƚƌŝŶĞ͕ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞƌƐ ƌŽƵƟŶĞůLJ ŝƐƐƵĞ ǁƌŝƩĞŶ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞƐ ĞdžƉůĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƵŶůĞƐƐ ƚŚĞLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ ŝŶƚŽ Ă ǁƌŝƩĞŶ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐ͘ tƌŝƩĞŶ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ƌĞĂĸƌŵŝŶŐ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ďĞĐĂŵĞ Ă ͞ďĞƐƚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͟ ŝŶ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ƚŽ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶĂů ůĂǁ ŝƐƐƵĞĚ ďLJ ĐŽƵƌƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƉĞƌŵŝƩĞĚ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞƐ ƚŽ ĂƌŐƵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐ ŝŶ ŚĂŶĚŬƐ ĂŶĚ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚͲůŝŬĞ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ůŝŵŝƟŶŐ͕ ƚŽ ŽŶĞ ĚĞŐƌĞĞ Žƌ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ͕ ĂŶ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞƌ͛Ɛ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ƚŽ ƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ͘

Ƶƚ ĂŶ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞ ůĂǁ ũƵĚŐĞ ŝƐƐƵĞĚ Ă ƌƵůŝŶŐ ŝŶ &ĞďƌƵĂƌLJ ϮϬϭϮ ŚŽůĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ Ă ǁƌŝƩĞŶ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ƉŽůŝĐLJ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ƚŽ ƐŝŐŶ ǀŝŽůĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů >ĂďŽƌ ZĞůĂƟŽŶƐ Đƚ ;͞E>Z ͟Ϳ͕ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŝƚ ĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĚ ĂŶ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞƐ ŶĞǀĞƌ ƚŽ ĂĐƚ ŝŶ ĐŽŶĐĞƌƚ ǁŝƚŚ ŽŶĞ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŽ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ƚŚĞ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ͘ dŚĞ ŽīĞŶĚŝŶŐ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉŽůŝĐLJ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ͗ ͞/ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ĂŐƌĞĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ĐĂŶŶŽƚ ďĞ ĂŵĞŶĚĞĚ͕ ŵŽĚŝĮĞĚ Žƌ ĂůƚĞƌĞĚ ŝŶ ĂŶLJ ǁĂLJ͘͟ American Red Cross Arizona Blood Services Region, ĂƐĞ ϮϴͲ ͲϮϯϰϰϯ͕ : ;^&ͿͲϬϰͲϭϮ ; >: ĚĂƚĞĚ &ĞďƌƵĂƌLJ ϭ͕ ϮϬϭϮͿ͘ hŶƟů ƌĞĐĞŶƚůLJ ŽŶ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ϯϭ͕ ϮϬϭϮ͕ ǁŚĞŶ ƚǁŽ ĂĚǀŝĐĞ ŵĞŵŽƐ ǁĞƌĞ

Ϭϴϲϳϵϵ͕ ĚǀŝĐĞ DĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵ ĚĂƚĞĚ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ϯϭ͕ ϮϬϭϮ͘ /Ŷ ŚŝƐ ĂƉƉƌŽǀĂů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽůŝĐLJ͕ ƚŚĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ĐŽƵŶƐĞů ǁƌŽƚĞ͗

ŝƐƐƵĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů >ĂďŽƌ ZĞůĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĂƌĚ͛Ɛ ĂĐƟŶŐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ĐŽƵŶƐĞů͕ ŝƚ ǁĂƐ ƵŶĐůĞĂƌ ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĞ American Red Cross ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶ ƐŝŐŶĂůĞĚ ƚŚĞ ďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ Ă ŶĞǁ ĂƐƐĂƵůƚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĚŽĐƚƌŝŶĞ ďLJ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞƐ͕ ƵŶŝŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ E>Z ͕ ŵŝƐƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ E>Z ƚŽ ƵŶĚĞƌŵŝŶĞ ƚŚĞ ĚŽĐƚƌŝŶĞ͘

Dŝŵŝ͛Ɛ ĂĨĠ͕ ǀŝŽůĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů >ĂďŽƌ ZĞůĂƟŽŶƐ Đƚ͕ ƚŚŽƵŐŚ ďŽƚŚ ǁĞƌĞ ĂĐĐƵƐĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĐůĂƵƐĞƐ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞĚ ŽǀĞƌůLJ ďƌŽĂĚ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽƵůĚ ĐŚŝůů ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞƐ͛ ĞdžĞƌĐŝƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ E>Z ͲƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĞĚ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ZŽĐŚĂ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ƐĂŝĚ ƚŚĂƚ ŽŶůLJ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉĂŶLJ ƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͶŶŽƚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƌƐ Žƌ ƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌƐͶŚĂĚ ƚŚĞ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ĂŶ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ĂŶLJ ƚLJƉĞ ŽĨ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽŶůLJ ŝŶ ǁƌŝƟŶŐ͘ dŚĞ Dŝŵŝ͛Ɛ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ƐĂŝĚ ƚŚĂƚ ŶŽ ĐŽŵƉĂŶLJ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞ ŚĂĚ ƚŚĞ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ ƚŽ ĞŶƚĞƌ ŝŶƚŽ ĂŶ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ĐŽŶƚƌĂƌLJ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ďŽƚŚ ĨŽƵŶĚ ĨĂǀŽƌ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ E>Z ͛Ɛ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ĐŽƵŶƐĞů ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ͕ ƵŶůŝŬĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ŝŶ the American Red Cross ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶ͕ ŶĞŝƚŚĞƌ ǁĂƐ ƉŚƌĂƐĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ǁĂŝǀĞƌ ŽĨ ĞdžŝƐƟŶŐ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ͘

tĞ ĐŽŶĐůƵĚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚĞƐƚĞĚ ŚĂŶĚŬ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ǁŽƵůĚ ŶŽƚ ƌĞĂƐŽŶĂďůLJ ďĞ ŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚ ĂŶ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞ͛Ɛ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϳ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ĐŽŶĐĞƌƚĞĚ ĂƩĞŵƉƚƐ ƚŽ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ŚŝƐ Žƌ ŚĞƌ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƐƚĂƚƵƐ͘ dŚĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞƐ ƚŽ ƌĞĨƌĂŝŶ ĨƌŽŵ ƐĞĞŬŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƐƚĂƚƵƐ Žƌ ƚŽ ĂŐƌĞĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƐƚĂƚƵƐ ĐĂŶŶŽƚ ďĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞĚ ŝŶ ĂŶLJ ǁĂLJ͘ /ŶƐƚĞĂĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐŝŵƉůLJ ƉƌŽŚŝďŝƚƐ ƚŚĞ ŵƉůŽLJĞƌ͛Ɛ ŽǁŶ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĞŶƚĞƌŝŶŐ ŝŶƚŽ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĨŽƌ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ͘ /ŶĚĞĞĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ĞdžƉůŝĐŝƚůLJ ƉĞƌŵŝƚƐ ƚŚĞ ŵƉůŽLJĞƌ͛Ɛ ƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ƚŽ ĞŶƚĞƌ ŝŶƚŽ ǁƌŝƩĞŶ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŵŽĚŝĨLJ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚƵƐ ĞŶĐŽŵƉĂƐƐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƚLJ ŽĨ Ă ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŵŽĚŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂƚͲ ǁŝůů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ Ă ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞ ͲďĂƌŐĂŝŶŝŶŐ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƌĂƟĮĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ŽŵƉĂŶLJ ƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ͘ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐůLJ͕ ǁĞ ĐŽŶĐůƵĚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞƐ ǁŽƵůĚ ŶŽƚ ƌĞĂƐŽŶĂďůLJ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĞ ƚŚŝƐ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϳ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ƐĞůĞĐƚ Ă ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞͲďĂƌŐĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ďĂƌŐĂŝŶ ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞůLJ ĨŽƌ Ă ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ͘

'ĞŶĞƌĂůůLJ͕ ĂŶ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞƌ ǀŝŽůĂƚĞƐ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϴ;ĂͿ;ϭͿ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ Đƚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ Ă ǁŽƌŬ ƌƵůĞ Žƌ ƉŽůŝĐLJ ŝĨ ƚŚĞ ƌƵůĞ ǁŽƵůĚ ͞ƌĞĂƐŽŶĂďůLJ ƚĞŶĚ ƚŽ ĐŚŝůů ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞdžĞƌĐŝƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϳ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ͟ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞ ďĂƌŐĂŝŶŝŶŐ͘ dŚĞ E>Z ƵƐĞƐ Ă ƚǁŽͲƐƚĞƉ ŝŶƋƵŝƌLJ ƚŽ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞ ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ Ă ǁŽƌŬ ƌƵůĞ ǁŽƵůĚ ŚĂǀĞ ƐƵĐŚ ĂŶ ĞīĞĐƚ͘ &ŝƌƐƚ͕ Ă ƌƵůĞ ŝƐ ƵŶůĂǁĨƵů ŝĨ ŝƚ ĞdžƉůŝĐŝƚůLJ ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚƐ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϳ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͘ ^ĞĐŽŶĚ͕ ŝĨ ƚŚĞ ƌƵůĞ ĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ Id. ĞdžƉůŝĐŝƚůLJ ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĞĚ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͕ ŝƚ ǁŝůů ŶŽŶĞƚŚĞůĞƐƐ ďĞ ĨŽƵŶĚ ƚŽ ǀŝŽůĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ dŚĞ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ZŽĐŚĂ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ƵƐĞĚ &ŽƌƚƵŶĂƚĞůLJ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂĚǀŝĐĞ ŵĞŵŽƐ ĐŽŶĮƌŵ Đƚ ƵƉŽŶ Ă ƐŚŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ͗ ;ϭͿ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞƐ ŝŶ ŝƚƐ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƉŽůŝĐLJ ŝƐ ĨĂŝƌůLJ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ĂƐ ŶŽ ŝŶŚĞƌĞŶƚ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚ ĞdžŝƐƚƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƵůĚ ƌĞĂƐŽŶĂďůLJ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĞ ƚŚĞ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ŐŽ͗ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ĚŽĐƚƌŝŶĞ ĂŶĚ ĂŶ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŚŝďŝƚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϳ ĂĐƟǀŝƚLJ͖ ;ϮͿ ƚŚĞ ƌƵůĞ ǁĂƐ ƉƌŽŵƵůŐĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ƚŽ ƵŶŝŽŶ ŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ǁŝƚŚ ZŽĐŚĂ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞ͛Ɛ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞ ďĂƌŐĂŝŶŝŶŐ͘ dŚĞLJ ĂůƐŽ ŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƚ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞƌƐ ĂĐƟǀŝƚLJ͖ Žƌ ;ϯͿ ƚŚĞ ƌƵůĞ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĂƉƉůŝĞĚ ŝƐ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů͘ ŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲ ƚŽ ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚ ƚŚĞ ĞdžĞƌĐŝƐĞ ŽĨ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϳ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ͘ ǁŝůů ŵĂLJ ďĞ ƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ Žƌ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂƩŽƌŶĞLJƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐŽ ůŽŶŐ Lutheran Heritage Village-Livonia, ϯϰϯ ĐĂƵƐĞ ĂŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ Žƌ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ŶŽƟĐĞ Ăƚ ĂŶLJ ĂƐ Ă ǁƌŝƩĞŶ ƉŽůŝĐLJ ĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ E>Z ϲϰϲ͕ ϲϰϲͲϰϳ ;ϮϬϬϰͿ͘ ůƚŚŽƵŐŚ ŵŽƐƚ ƟŵĞ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞ Žƌ ƚŚĞ ŽŵƉĂŶLJ͘ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞƐ ƚŽ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ďĞůŝĞǀĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƌĂƟŽŶĂůĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ American EŽƚŚŝŶŐ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ,ĂŶĚŬ Žƌ ŝŶ ĂŶLJ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ĐĂŶŶŽƚ ďĞ ĂůƚĞƌĞĚ ŝŶ ĂŶLJ Red Cross ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶ ǁĂƐ Ă ƐƚƌĞƚĐŚͶƚŚĂƚ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚ Žƌ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚ ƐŚĂůů ůŝŵŝƚ ƚŚĞ ǁĂLJ͕ ƚŚĞŶ ŝƚ ǁŝůů ŶŽƚ ďĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ďĞŝŶŐ ĂƐŬĞĚ ƚŽ ĂŐƌĞĞ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƚĞ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů͘ ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĂŶ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞ͛Ɛ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϳ ŶĞǀĞƌ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞ ďĂƌŐĂŝŶŝŶŐ͕ EŽ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƌ͕ ƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ͕ Žƌ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĞ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ĐŽŶĐĞƌƚĞĚ ĂƩĞŵƉƚƐ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŝƚ ŵŝŐŚƚ ƌĞƐƵůƚ ŝŶ ĂŶ ĂůƚĞƌŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŽĨ ZŽĐŚĂ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ĂŶLJ ƚŽ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ŚŝƐ Žƌ ŚĞƌ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƚŚĞ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉͶƵŶƟů ƚŚĞ ĂĐƟŶŐ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ ƚŽ ĞŶƚĞƌ ŝŶƚŽ ĂŶ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ƐƚĂƚƵƐ͘ ,ƵŵĂŶ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ĐŽƵŶƐĞů͛Ɛ ƚǁŽ ĂĚǀŝĐĞ ŵĞŵŽƐ ĨŽƌ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ĂŶLJ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĞĚ ƉĞƌŝŽĚ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ƌĞǀŝĞǁ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ŝƐƐƵĞĚ͕ ĂŶLJ ǁƌŝƩĞŶ ƉŽůŝĐLJ ĂĸƌŵŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŽĨ ƟŵĞ Žƌ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ĂŶ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĞLJ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ƌĞĂĚ ůŝŬĞ ǁĂŝǀĞƌƐ ŽĨ ĂƚͲǁŝůů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ǁĂƐ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůůLJ Ăƚ ƌŝƐŬ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ĂƚͲǁŝůů͘ KŶůLJ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ͘ ŽƵďƚƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƌĞƐŽůǀĞĚ ďLJ ŽĨ ďĞŝŶŐ ĚĞĐůĂƌĞĚ Ă ǀŝŽůĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ E>Z ͘ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽŵƉĂŶLJ ŚĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƐƵůƟŶŐ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĚ ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ĂŶLJ ƐƵĐŚ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ĐŽƵŶƐĞů ƚŽ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞ ĞdžŝƐƟŶŐ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚŽƐĞ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞĚ ŝŶ American Red dŚĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ĐŽƵŶƐĞů͛Ɛ ŽĸĐĞ ǁƌŽƚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŶ ŽŶůLJ ŝŶ ǁƌŝƟŶŐ͘ ƌŽƐƐ͕ ZŽĐŚĂ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ SWH ŶĞŝƚŚĞƌ ĨƌĞŝŐŚƚ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŵƉĂŶLJ ZŽĐŚĂ ŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶ ĚͬďͬĂ Dŝŵŝ͛Ɛ ĂĨĠ͘ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ŶŽƌ ƌĞƐƚĂƵƌĂŶƚ ŽƉĞƌĂƚŽƌ ^ĞĞ ZŽĐŚĂ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂƐĞ ϯϮͲ Ͳ 3

Your Spring 2013 Transportation Team

Team Leader

Georgia | North Carolina | South Carolina

The Road Ahead • Rob Moseley will be indoctrinated (and hopefully hazed) at his first meeting of the ATRI Research Advisory Committee April 2-3rd.

• April 9-11th marks the Marsh Fleet Solutions meeting in Orlando. Rob will be speaking on top issues facing truckers including company policies and preparing for litigation.

• Rob is the lunch speaker for the May meeting of the Charleston Motor Carriers Association. Rob speaking over lunch -- hmm.

• Rob is cleaning out his barn to allow for the reception for his daughter's wedding in May. All of his man toys must go! If he gets all his work done and meets the approval of the women in his house, he might be able to go to the TLA Annual Meeting in Napa May 1-4th and then on to the ATA Leadership meeting in Palm Desert from May 5-8th.

• Rob will be in the deep south speaking at the CCJ Symposium May 20-22th. At least he won't need an interpreter there.

• Kurt Rozelsky is on the boot camp trail again with trucking boot camps in Dallas (May 7th), Chicago (May 8th), Orlando (June 4th) and Atlanta (June 5th). This boot camp format came about because, as Kurt would say, when you put the boot camps on with this crowd of lawyers, you can't stay in one place too long.

• Rob will attend the SCTA meeting and Board of Directors meeting at Myrtle Beach, June 6-8th.

• Kurt is table break-out leader at the inaugural DRI "Defending Trucking Litigation: A Primer for Young Lawyers" on June 7th in Chicago. Kurt a mentor for young, impressionable lawyers? Who would have thought that?

• Fredric will attend the Conference of Freight Counsel meeting in DC June 15-17th.

Making Tracks • Rob testified on behalf of the SC Trucking Association regarding a proposed regulation promulgated by the SC Department of Employment and Workforce relating to independent contractors.

• On January 10th, Rob attended the Legislative Committee Meeting of the NC Trucking Association in Greensboro to discuss the upcoming legislative agenda in relation to independent contractors.

• Rob Moseley and Fredric Marcinak attended the Conference of Freight Counsel meeting on January 13-14th in Dallas, TX. • Marc Tucker, Joseph Rohe and Rob Moseley attended the Chicago Regional Meeting of the Transportation Lawyers Association in Chicago on January 25th.

• Kurt presented at the South Carolina Bar Trucking Law Conference in Columbia, SC on February 21st on "Motions in Limine in Trucking Cases."

• Rob taught Transportation Contracts presented by the SMC3 Academy in Atlanta on February 26th. The next installment will be in Chicago on October 2nd. Joseph attended and said, "with enough caffeine, even transportation contracts can be exciting."

• Fredric attended the Specialized Carriers and Riggers Association Symposium Feb 26th to Mar 1st in Orlando.

• Kurt headlined a panel discussion entitled "Tips for Defending the Truck Driver and Safety Director" at ABA Transportation Megaconference XI in New Orleans on March 7th. Jack Riordan also attended the Conference and provided "support" to Kurt during their time in the Big Easy.

• Kurt was on the boot camp trail again with trucking boot camps in Phoenix (March 13th) and Denver (March 14th).

• Rob spoke to an enthused group of cargo aficionados at the TIDA cargo skills meeting in Atlanta on March 20th.

• Rob spoke on the perils of the Independent Contractor relationship at the Truckload Carriers meeting on March 6th in Las Vegas.

• March 25th is the SCTA Truckpac Golf Tournament in Myrtle Beach. It is a pleasurable experience if you don't have to watch Rob play. Sign up and support the industry.

Wrongful Death Changes in SC: Reallocation for Setoff and Pre-impact Fear as an Element of Survival Damages dŚĞ ^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ ^ƵƉƌĞŵĞ ŽƵƌƚ ƌĞĐĞŶƚůLJ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŶŽǀĞů ŝƐƐƵĞ ŽĨ ͞ƉƌĞͲŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĨĞĂƌ͟ ĂƐ Ă ĐŽŐŶŝnjĂďůĞ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĚĂŵĂŐĞƐ ŝŶ Ă ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ĂĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞĞĚƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ ŽĨ ƐĞƚŽī ŝŶ Rutland v. ^͘ ͘ ĞƉ͛ƚ ŽĨ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ͕ EŽ͘ ϮϬϭϬͲ ϭϳϴϲϬϲ ;^͘ ͘ ĮůĞĚ EŽǀ͘ ϳ͕ ϮϬϭϮͿ͘ dŚĞƌĞŝŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĐĞĚĞŶƚ ǁĂƐ ŬŝůůĞĚ ǁŚĞŶ ƐŚĞ ǁĂƐ ƉĂƌƟĂůůLJ ĞũĞĐƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ Ă ǀĞŚŝĐůĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƌŽůůĞĚ ĂŌĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ Śŝƚ Ă ƉƵĚĚůĞ ŽĨ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĂĐĐƵŵƵůĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŽĂĚǁĂLJ ĂŶĚ ůŽƐƚ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ;͞^ Kd͟Ϳ͕ ƚŚĞ ĞƐƚĂƚĞ ĮůĞĚ Ă ǁƌŽŶŐĨƵů ĚĞĂƚŚ ĂĐƟŽŶ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ƚŚĞ ǀĞŚŝĐůĞ ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞƌ͕ 'ĞŶĞƌĂů DŽƚŽƌƐ ;͞'D͟Ϳ͘ EŽ ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ĂĐƟŽŶ ǁĂƐ ĞǀĞƌ ĮůĞĚ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ĞŝƚŚĞƌ ƉĂƌƚLJ͘ WƌŝŽƌ ƚŽ ƚƌŝĂů͕ ƚŚĞ ĞƐƚĂƚĞ ĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚ ΨϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ͛Ɛ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚLJ ŝŶƐƵƌĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƩůĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ 'D ĨŽƌ ΨϮϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ ;ǁŝƚŚ Ψϭϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ďƵƚ ƵŶĮůĞĚ ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ĐůĂŝŵ͕ ĂŶĚ Ψϭϲϳ͕ϬϬϬ ĨŽƌ ǁƌŽŶŐĨƵů ĚĞĂƚŚͿͶĨŽƌ Ă ƚŽƚĂů ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ΨϯϬϱ͕ϬϬϬ͘ ƚ ƚƌŝĂů͕ ƚŚĞ ũƵƌLJ ĨŽƵŶĚ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ^ Kd ĂŶĚ ĂǁĂƌĚĞĚ ΨϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŝŶ ĚĂŵĂŐĞƐ͘ WƵƌƐƵĂŶƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ǁĞůůͲ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ůĂǁ ƚŚĂƚ Ă ŶŽŶͲƐĞƩůŝŶŐ ĚĞĨĞŶĚĂŶƚ ŝƐ ĞŶƟƚůĞĚ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĚŝƚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ƉĂŝĚ ďLJ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĞĨĞŶĚĂŶƚ ǁŚŽ ƐĞƩůĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ĐĂƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĂĐƟŽŶ͕ ^ Kd ŵĂĚĞ Ă ŵŽƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƐĞƚŽīͶĂƌŐƵŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƟƌĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ĞƋƵŝƚĂďůLJ ƌĞĂƉƉŽƌƟŽŶĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ǁƌŽŶŐĨƵů ĚĞĂƚŚ ĂĐƟŽŶ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞƌĞ ǁĂƐ ŶŽ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ Ă ƉƵƚĂƟǀĞ ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ĐůĂŝŵ ĨŽƌ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ĨƵŶĚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞĚ͘ dŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů ĐŽƵƌƚ ĂŐƌĞĞĚ͕ ƌĞĂůůŽĐĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ǁƌŽŶŐĨƵů ĚĞĂƚŚ ĂĐƟŽŶ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚ ŝŶ Ă njĞƌŽ ǀĞƌĚŝĐƚ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ^ Kd͘ KŶ ĂƉƉĞĂů͕ ZƵƚůĂŶĚ ĂƌŐƵĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů ĐŽƵƌƚ ĨĂŝůĞĚ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĞ ƉƌĞͲ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĨĞĂƌ ĂƐ ĚĂŵĂŐĞƐ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ĂĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƌĞĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞĞĚƐ ǁĂƐ ŝŵƉƌŽƉĞƌ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞƌĞ ǁĂƐ ƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ

ϲ

ƉĂŝŶ ĂŶĚ ƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐ͘ /Ŷ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ͕ ZƵƚůĂŶĚ ĂƌŐƵĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĞ ƉƌĞͲŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĨĞĂƌ ĂƐ Ă ĐŽŐŶŝnjĂďůĞ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĚĂŵĂŐĞƐ ŝŶ Ă ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů ĂĐƟŽŶ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ZƵƚůĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ŽŶůLJ Ă ƌĞĐŽƵŶƚ ŽĨ ŚŝƐ ŽǁŶ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů ĨĞĂƌƐ ĂŶĚ

“

Parties defending wrongful death claims must preserve the right to argue that any prior settlements were misallocated toward the weaker of the two claims.

”

ĂƉƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝŽŶƐ ƉƌŝŽƌ ƚŽ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĂƐ ƉƌŽŽĨ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĐĞĚĞŶƚ ŵƵƐƚ ŚĂǀĞ ĨĞůƚ ƚŚĞŵ ĂƐ ǁĞůů͘ dŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ƌĞĨƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĞ ZƵƚůĂŶĚ͛Ɛ ƚĞƐƟŵŽŶLJ ĂƐ ƚŽ ŚŝƐ ŽǁŶ ƉƌĞͲ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĨĞĂƌ ĂƐ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƉƌĞͲŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĨĞĂƌ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĐĞĚĞŶƚ͘ KĨ ŶŽƚĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ƚ ĂůƐŽ ƐƚĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ĂŶLJ ƚĞƐƟŵŽŶLJ ĂƐ ƚŽ Ž ĚĞĐĞĚĞŶƚ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ Ă ƉƵůƐĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚ ǁĂƐ ŶŽƚͶŝŶ ĂŶĚ ŽĨ Ĩ ŝƚƐĞůĨͶ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƐĐŝŽƵƐ ŶƐĐŝŽƵƐ ƉĂŝŶ ĂŶĚ ƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐ͘ ĞƌŝŶŐ͘ ĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞƌĞ ĞƌĞ ǁĂƐ ŶŽ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ Ğ Ɛ Ƶ Ɖ Ɖ Ž ƌ ƚ ŝ Ŷ Ő ĐŽŶƐĐŝŽƵƐ ƉĂŝŶ ĂŶĚ ƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐ͕ ƚŚĞ ŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ƌĞĨƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ƚŚĞ ŝƐƐƵĞ ŽĨ ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ ŚĞƚŚĞƌ ƉƌĞͲ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĨĞĂƌ ǁĂƐ ĂƐ ƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚ ũƵĚŐŵĞŶƚ ƵĚŐŵĞŶƚ ŽŶ

ƚŚŝƐ ŝƐƐƵĞ ĨŽƌ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĂLJ͘ ,ĂǀŝŶŐ ĨŽƵŶĚ ŶŽ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƐĐŝŽƵƐ ƉĂŝŶ ĂŶĚ ƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƐŽŵĞ ĞĂƐĞ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞĞĚƐ ǁĂƐ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ͘ /Ŷ ĚŽŝŶŐ ƐŽ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ŶŽƚĞĚ ŝƚƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ ĨŽƌ ƉĞƌŵŝƫŶŐ ĚŽƵďůĞ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌŝĞƐ Žƌ ǁŝŶĚĨĂůůƐ ƚŽ ĂŶ ŝŶũƵƌĞĚ ƉĂƌƚLJ͘ dŚŝƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ǁĂƐ ŶŽƚ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƟƌĞ ŽƵƌƚͶĂƐ ŽŶĞ ŵĞŵďĞƌ ĚŝƐƐĞŶƚĞĚͶƐĞĞŵŝŶŐůLJ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ďĂƐŝƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƌĞĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞĞĚƐ ĂŵŽŶŐ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĐĂƵƐĞƐ ŽĨ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ŶŽƚ ďĞ ƉĞƌŵŝƩĞĚ ĂďƐĞŶƚ ƐŽŵĞ ƐŚŽǁŝŶŐ ŽĨ ĨƌĂƵĚ Žƌ ǁƌŽŶŐĚŽŝŶŐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŝŶƟī͘ EŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƟŵĞ ďĞŝŶŐ͕ ŵĂLJ ďĞ ƌĞĂĚ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĞƋƵŝƚĂďůĞ ƌĞĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ǁŚĞƌĞ Ă ƉůĂŝŶƟī ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞƐ ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ƉŽƌƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ Ă ĐĂƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĂĐƟŽŶ ďĞůŝĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ͘ KŶ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů ƐŝĚĞ͕ ƉĂƌƟĞƐ ĚĞĨĞŶĚŝŶŐ ǁƌŽŶŐĨƵů ĚĞĂƚŚ ĐůĂŝŵƐ ŵƵƐƚ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ĂƌŐƵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĂŶLJ ƉƌŝŽƌ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŵŝƐĂůůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ƚŽǁĂƌĚ ƚŚĞ ǁĞĂŬĞƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚǁŽ ĐůĂŝŵƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ĐŽƵůĚ ĂůƐŽ ĂƉƉůLJ ǁŚĞŶ ƉĂƌƟĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŚĞ ĂďŝůŝƚLJ ƚŽ ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞ ůŝŵŝƚĞĚ ƉŽůŝĐLJ ƉƌŽĐĞĞĚƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĐůĂŝŵĂŶƚƐ͘ &Žƌ ĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ ĂƩĂĐŬƐ ĐŽƵůĚ ďĞ ŵĂĚĞ ŽŶ ĚŝƐƉƌŽƉŽƌƟŽŶĂƚĞ ĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƐŽƌƟƵŵ ĐůĂŝŵƐ͘

Two Cases Change Thoughts on SC Financial Responsibility Act tŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ůĂƐƚ ĨĞǁ ŵŽŶƚŚƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ ŽƵƌƚ ŽĨ ƉƉĞĂůƐ ŚĂƐ ƉƌŽŵƵůŐĂƚĞĚ ƚǁŽ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ &ŝŶĂŶĐŝĂů ZĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚLJ Đƚ ;͞&Z ͟Ϳ ĂŶĚ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ĐůĂƌŝĨLJŝŶŐ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ &Z ƚŽ ĚƌŝǀĞƌƐ ŝŶ ^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ͘

ĂŐƌĞĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ͛Ɛ ĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚ͘ /Ŷ ƐŽ ŚŽůĚŝŶŐ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĞĚ Ă ĚŝƐƟŶĐƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĞdžĐůƵƐŝŽŶĂƌLJ ĐůĂƵƐĞƐ ŝŶ ŝŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ͞ƉĞƌŵŝƩĞĚ͟ ĂŶĚ ƚŚŽƐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ͞ƐƚĂƚƵƚŽƌŝůLJ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝnjĞĚ͘͟

In Lincoln General Ins. Co. v. Progressive Northern Ins. Co., EŽ͘ ϮϬϭϭͲϭϵϲϯϰϳ ;^͘ ͘ ƚ͘ ƉƉ͘ ĮůĞĚ :ĂŶ͘ Ϯ͕ ϮϬϭϯͿ͕ Ă ĐĂƐĞ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ĂŶ ĞdžĐůƵĚĞĚ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ĞŶĚŽƌƐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ƌĞǀĞƌƐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů ĐŽƵƌƚ͛Ɛ ŐƌĂŶƚ ŽĨ ƐƵŵŵĂƌLJ ũƵĚŐŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŚĞůĚ ƚŚĂƚ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ĂŶ ĞdžĐůƵĚĞĚ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ĞŶĚŽƌƐĞŵĞŶƚ ŝƐ ƐƚĂƚƵƚŽƌŝůLJ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝnjĞĚͶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ ŶŽƚ ŝŶĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉŽůŝĐLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ &Z ͶƚŚĞ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ůŝŵŝƚƐ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ǁŽƵůĚ ŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƐĞ ďĞ ĂīŽƌĚĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ &Z ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ͘ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐĂůůLJ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ĨŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĞdžĐůƵĚĞĚ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ĞŶĚŽƌƐĞŵĞŶƚ ŝƚƐĞůĨ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉŽůŝĐLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^ƚĂƚĞ ŽĨ ^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ͘ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐůLJ͕ ǁŚĞŶ ĂŶ ŝŶƐƵƌĞƌ ĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐ Ă ŶĂŵĞĚ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ƉƵƌƐƵĂŶƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƚĞ͕ ŶŽ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŝƐ ĂīŽƌĚĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŝŶũƵƌŝĞƐ ƚŽ ƚŚŝƌĚͲƉĂƌƟĞƐͶ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ &Z ͘

^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ ĐŽƵƌƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚůLJ ŚĞůĚ ƚŚĂƚ ͞΀ƌ΁ĞĂƐŽŶĂďůĞ ĞdžĐůƵƐŝŽŶĂƌLJ ĐůĂƵƐĞƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ůĞŐŝƐůĂƟǀĞ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉŽůŝĐLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^ƚĂƚĞ ĂƐ ƌĞǀĞĂůĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ŵŽƚŽƌ ǀĞŚŝĐůĞ ŝŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƚĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƉĞƌŵŝƩĞĚ͘͟ ^ĞĞ WĞŶŶ͘ EĂƚ͛ů DƵƚ͘ ĂƐ͘ Ins. Co. v. Parker, ϮϴϮ ^͘ ͘ ϱϰϲ͕ ϯϮϬ ^͘ ͘ϮĚ ϰϱϴ ; ƚ͘ ƉƉ͘ ϭϵϴϰͿ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ͞ƉĞƌŵŝƩĞĚ͟ ĞdžĐůƵƐŝŽŶĂƌLJ ĐůĂƵƐĞƐ ŵĂLJ ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞ ƚŽ ĂǀŽŝĚ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ͕ ďƵƚ ŽŶůLJ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ĂďŽǀĞ ĂŶĚ ďĞLJŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ůŝŵŝƚƐ ŵĂŶĚĂƚĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ &Z ͘ ŽŶǀĞƌƐĞůLJ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ŝŶ >ŝŶĐŽůŶ 'ĞŶĞƌĂů ŚĂƐ ĐůĂƌŝĮĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ͞ƐƚĂƚƵƚŽƌŝůLJ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝnjĞĚ͟ ĞdžĐůƵƐŝŽŶƐ ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĂƌĞ ͞ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ΀^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ͛Ɛ΁ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉŽůŝĐLJ͕͟ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞͶǁŚĞƌĞ ƉƌŽƉĞƌůLJ ĚƌĂŌĞĚͶ ǁŝůů ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞ ƚŽ ĂǀŽŝĚ Ăůů ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞǀĞŶƚ ŽĨ Ă ůŽƐƐ͘

>ŝŶĐŽůŶ 'ĞŶĞƌĂůͶŚĂǀŝŶŐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ƵŶŝŶƐƵƌĞĚ ŵŽƚŽƌŝƐƚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŽĐĐƵƉĂŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǀĞŚŝĐůĞ ƐƚƌƵĐŬ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ĞdžĐůƵĚĞĚ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁŚŽ ǁĞƌĞ ƵŶƋƵĞƐƟŽŶĂďůLJ ŶŽƚ Ăƚ ĨĂƵůƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚͶĂƌŐƵĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ͕ ŶŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĞdžĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝŶƐƵƌĞĚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƐƟůů ĞŶƟƚůĞĚ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ůŝŵŝƚƐ ŽĨ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ĂīŽƌĚĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ &Z ;ΨϮϱ͕ϬϬϬͬΨϱϬ͕ϬϬϬͬΨϮϱ͕ϬϬϬͿ͘ ƚ ƐƵŵŵĂƌLJ ũƵĚŐŵĞŶƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ƚƌŝĂů ĐŽƵƌƚ ĨŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĞdžĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ŽŶůLJ ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ĂǀŽŝĚ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ĂďŽǀĞ ĂŶĚ ďĞLJŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ůŝŵŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ &Z ͘ KŶ ĂƉƉĞĂů͕ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ĂƌŐƵĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞ ĞdžĐůƵĚĞĚ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ĞŶĚŽƌƐĞŵĞŶƚ ǁĂƐ ƐƚĂƚƵƚŽƌŝůLJ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝnjĞĚ͕ ŝƚ ǁĂƐ ŶŽƚ ŝŶĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉŽůŝĐLJ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ &Z ĂŶĚ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ ĂƉƉůLJ ƚŽ ĂǀŽŝĚ Ăůů ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ǁŚĞŶ ĂŶ ŝŶƐƵƌĞĚ ǀĞŚŝĐůĞ ŝƐ ďĞŝŶŐ ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞĚ ďLJ ĂŶ ĞdžĐůƵĚĞĚ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ͘ Ɛ ŶŽƚĞĚ ĂďŽǀĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉĞůůĂƚĞ ĐŽƵƌƚ

Note: dŽ ƚĂŬĞ ĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^ EĂŵĞĚ ƌŝǀĞƌ džĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ƐƚĂƚƵƚĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚƐ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ ƐƚƌŝĐƚ ĐŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƚĞ͘ In Thalia S. ǀ͘ Progressive Select Ins. Ž͕͘ EŽ͘ ϮϬϭϭͲϭϵϱϱϰϲ ;^͘ ͘ ƚ͘ ƉƉ͘ ĮůĞĚ EŽǀ͘ Ϯϴ͕ ϮϬϭϮͿ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉƉĞůůĂŶƚ͕ Thalia

S.͕ ĂƌŐƵĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ƉŽůŝĐLJ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƌĞĨŽƌŵĞĚ ƚŽ ĐŽŶĨŽƌŵ ƚŽ ^ ͛Ɛ &Z ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞ ĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚ ŚĂƉƉĞŶĞĚ ŝŶ ^ ͘ ƉƉĞůůĂŶƚ ĂƌŐƵĞĚ ƚŚĞ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ƉŽůŝĐLJ ŵƵƐƚ ĂīŽƌĚ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ^͘ ͘ K EE͘ Α ϱϲͲϵͲϯϱϭ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŶŽŶͲƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ŵŽƚŽƌŝƐƚƐ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶ ďŽĚŝůLJ ŝŶũƵƌLJ ůŝĂďŝůŝƚLJ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ǁŚŝůĞ ĚƌŝǀŝŶŐ ŝŶ ^ŽƵƚŚ ĂƌŽůŝŶĂ ĂŶĚ ƐƵĐŚ ĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞƐ Ă ͞ĐŽŵƉƵůƐŽƌLJ ůĂǁ͟ ĨŽƌ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŝƐ ĂīŽƌĚĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ƉŽůŝĐLJ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƉƉĞůůĂŶƚ ƐĞĞŵŝŶŐůLJ ŽǀĞƌůŽŽŬĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĨĂĐƚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚĞĚ ĐŽĚĞ ƐĞĐƟŽŶͶĂƉƚůLJ ƟƚůĞĚ ͞ ĞƉŽƐŝƚ ŽĨ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ ďLJ ŽǁŶĞƌ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚ͖ ƐƵƐƉĞŶƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ůŝĐĞŶƐĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŶŽƟĐĞ ƚŚĞƌĞŽĨ͟ͶĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ Ă ŶŽŶͲƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ŵŽƚŽƌŝƐƚ ƵŶƟů ĂŶĚ ƵŶůĞƐƐ ŚĞ ĐĂƵƐĞƐ ͞Ă ŵŽƚŽƌ ǀĞŚŝĐůĞ ĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ^ƚĂƚĞ ǁŚŝĐŚ͙ƌĞƐƵůƚ΀Ɛ΁ ŝŶ ďŽĚŝůLJ ŝŶũƵƌLJ Žƌ ĚĞĂƚŚ Žƌ ĚĂŵĂŐĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƉĞƌƚLJ ŽĨ ĂŶLJ ŽŶĞ ƉĞƌƐŽŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ŽĨ ƚǁŽ ŚƵŶĚƌĞĚ ĚŽůůĂƌƐ Žƌ ŵŽƌĞ͘͟ Ɛ ƐƵĐŚ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƌƚ ŚĞůĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƐĞĐƟŽŶ ϱϲͲϵͲϯϱϭ ǁĂƐ ŶŽƚ Ă ͞ĐŽŵƉƵůƐŽƌLJ ŝŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ Žƌ ƐŝŵŝůĂƌ ůĂǁ͟ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ƉŽůŝĐLJ͘ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐůLJ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƚͲŽĨͲƐƚĂƚĞ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ƉŽůŝĐLJ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ǁĂƐ ŽŶůLJ ƚƌŝŐŐĞƌĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞǀĞŶƚ ŽĨ Ă ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ǀĞŶƵĞ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ Ă ĐŽŵƉƵůƐŽƌLJ ŝŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ ůĂǁ͕ ǁĂƐ ŶŽƚ ƚƌŝŐŐĞƌĞĚ͕ ĂŶĚ WƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ǁĂƐ ĞŶƟƚůĞĚ ƚŽ ũƵĚŐŵĞŶƚ ĂƐ Ă ŵĂƩĞƌ ŽĨ ůĂǁ͘

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Transportation Industry Team tĞ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ďŽƚŚ ůĂƌŐĞ ĂŶĚ ƐŵĂůů ƚƌƵĐŬŝŶŐ ĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐ ĂƐ ŝŶƐƵƌĞĚƐ ŽŶ ďĞŚĂůĨ ŽĨ ŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ŝŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ ĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĂƐ ƐĞůĨͲŝŶƐƵƌĞĚƐ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ Įƌŵ ŚĂƐ ƐĞƌǀĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŵĂŶLJ LJĞĂƌƐ ĂƐ ŽƵƚƐŝĚĞ 'ĞŶĞƌĂů ŽƵŶƐĞů ĨŽƌ Ă ŶĂƟŽŶĂůůLJ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĞĚ ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ǀĞŚŝĐůĞ ŝŶƐƵƌĞƌ ĂŶĚ ŝƐ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĚ ŝŶ Ăůů ĂƐƉĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ůĂǁ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ĨĞĚĞƌĂů ĂŶĚ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ƉƌŽŵƵůŐĂƚĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƌŵĞƌ /ŶƚĞƌƐƚĂƚĞ ŽŵŵĞƌĐĞ ŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ;/ Ϳ͕ ƚŚĞ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐŽƌ ^ƵƌĨĂĐĞ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĂƌĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ WƵďůŝĐ ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ ŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͘ Ɛ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂƌƌĂLJ ŽĨ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ƚŽ Įƌŵ ĐůŝĞŶƚƐ͕ ĂŶ ĂŌĞƌͲŚŽƵƌƐ ĞŵĞƌŐĞŶĐLJ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ƚĞĂŵ ŝƐ ƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ďLJ ƚŽ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ĐůŝĞŶƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƵƌŐĞŶƚ ŶĞĞĚƐ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ Ă ĐĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐ ĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚ͘

Georgia | North Carolina | South Carolina Smith Moore Leatherwood LLP | Attorneys at Law | www.smithmoorelaw.com

Smith Moore Leatherwood LLP ƩŽƌŶĞLJƐ Ăƚ >Ăǁ dŚĞ >ĞĂƚŚĞƌǁŽŽĚ WůĂnjĂ ϯϬϬ ĂƐƚ DĐ ĞĞ ǀĞŶƵĞ͕ ^ƵŝƚĞ ϱϬϬ 'ƌĞĞŶǀŝůůĞ͕ ^ ϮϵϲϬϭ

d͗ ;ϴϲϰͿ ϮϰϮͲϲϰϰϬ &͗ ;ϴϲϰͿ ϮϰϬͲϮϰϳϰ ǁǁǁ͘ƐŵŝƚŚŵŽŽƌĞůĂǁ͘ĐŽŵ