Blue Green Infrastucture with R.I.L [redevelopment & interlinking of lakes] project

SMIT DODIYA PUI21350

MASTER URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE CEPT UNIVERSITY

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Abstract

Table Of Content

City Infrastructure Planning Studio Was Aim To develop a comprehensive city infrastructure plan for Indore aligned with sustainable development goals, The studio assisted in the study of the various layers of infrastructure and the development of a comprehensive infrastructure plan. The complete class of 23 students was divided into eight sectors for the city of Indore, including water supply, stormwater, sewage flow, solid waste management, blue green infrastructure, local economy, social infrastructure, and heritage.

The studio began with a simple exercise to examine stakeholder participation and collaboration with local bodies, as well as who is responsible for or manages them. The session concludes with a pilot proposal based on the gap analysis.

Out of all the different sectors, my group is working on blue green infrastructure, and under Cip for Indore City, we are starting to analyse how cities become dynamic using primary, secondary, expert lectures, cip studio work, and field visits. The evaluation is based on two four-day trips to the city. The initial data collection is based on a city sampling grid of 2 x 2 square kilometres. In critical places, targeted sampling was carried out.

We started laying out components of BGI in the blue green infrastructure and tried to link with SDF to acquire a sustainable and environmentally friendly answer for the future. I chose interlinking and redevelopment of lakes as my pilot project, and this portfolio describes the tactics employed to achieve the goal.

1 ] Studio journey And Methodology 2] Demography of The City 3] Introduction to Blue And Green Infrastructure 4] Component of blue green infrastructure 5] Citizen Surveys 6] Introduction to blue infrastructure 7] catchment Area Analysis 8]Problem Tree Analysis 9] Pilot Project

Submitted by: Smit Dodiya(PUI21350) City Infrastructure Plan Studio 2021-22 Tutors: Prof. Saswat Bandhyopadhyay Prof. Neeru Bansal

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Methodology

Studio Journey Aim : To develop a comprehensive city infrastructure plan for Indore, aligned with sustainable development goals.

PARAMETERS GRID OVERLAY 2x2 Kms Grid

OBJECTIVE

Indore Municipal Corporation Boundary Planning Boundary Nagar Parishad

LANDUSE Residential Public & Semi-Public

Commercial Recreational

GEOGRAPHY Topography Waterbodies (Rivers, Wetlands, Lakes)

URBAN FABRIC Grain size, Spatial layout

SOCIAL ASPECTS Quality of Housing, Living conditions

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Demography Of The City

Fact Of The City LOGISTIC HUB FOR REDISTRIBUTION OF GOODS CENTRALLY PLACED TO MAJOR ECONOMIC CENTRES OF THE COUNTRY NOMINAL GDP WAS RECORDED AT INR 43,356 CRORES IN 2016-17

Area of planning area – 505 sq. km

TRANSITIONAL HUB FOR RELIGIOUS CIRCUIT – OMKARESHWAR, MAHESHWAR & UJJAIN

Under IMC jurisdiction – 275 sq. km Population (as of 2011) - 23.7 million Gross density – 11,272 person per sq.km Bhopal Gross Density – 3,900 person per sq.km Human Development Index (HDI UNDP, 08) – 0.710 Urban Area CAGR: 4% (1981-2021) 85 wards + 1 municipality + 12 census towns + 25 villages

“Indore is of concentric nature where Satellite towns are also experiencing growth i.e., Dewas, Mhow, Dhar, Depalpur, Sawer and Ujjain. “Boasting rich history and rapid industrialization, Indore is famously known for its cotton handloom industry, magnificent palaces and temples, street food, night markets, and more. No wonder the city is slowly becoming a preferred destination for travelers from across the county.

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Component of blue green infrastructure

Introduction to blue green infrastructure

Urban Forest

Playgrounds

Linear Green

Play ground

Health well being

Reduce Heat Island Effect

Green Built

Parks

Flood Mitigation well being

Water Management

Lakes

Gardens & Open spaces River

Lakes/ Pounds

Health well being

Conservation Of Ecosystem Rivers

Make cities and human settlement inclusive,safe resilient and sustainable

Take Urgent action to cobat climate change and its impact

Conserve & Sustainably use the oceans,seas and marine resource for sustainablr development

Protect,restore&promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystem,sustainable manage forest,combat desrtification & halt reserve land degradation , biodiversity loss

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‘blue’ infrastructure refers to water bodies like rivers, canals, ponds, wetlands and floodplains, and water treatment facilities, while ‘green’ refers to trees, lawns, hedgerows, parks, fields, and forests Living in Urban areas limits access to nature which can lower our quality of life. Therefore planning of blue and green infrastructure is essential because it not only provides a healthy living environment but also gives nature based solutions for Reduction in Heat Island Effect, improved air quality, mitigates floods, water management and conservation of biodiversity.

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Status of blue green infrastructure In Masterplan

Effect Of Urbanisation NDVI 2013 2019 Built Up-49.45% Vegitation-34.22%

2013 Existing land use plan

Proposed land use plan

Existing area under blue and green in IDA 8.4%

Proposed area under blue and green in IDA 14.15%

Built Up-32.28% Vegitation-44.19%

NDVI 2019

“The Master Plan Has Proposed Regional Parks & Preparation Of Open Space System At Zone and local Level”

Institutional Framework

Implimanting Role

Monitoring/Regulatory Role

Roles and Responsibility •

MPPCBC

TNCP

EPCO

IDA

•

Control pollution and conserve the natural resources and features Augmenting planned greens and maintenance

2000 Built Up-14.64% Vegitation-49.97%

IMC

10% Deplation Of Green Cover Has Been Observe In Last % Years Which Has Resulted In Increased In Temperature And Distribing The Micro Climate.

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Green Infrastructure

Citizen Surveys 31.22 Sq Km Total Recreational Area

28.22 Sq.Km Total Area Under Open space

• •

Agriculture Land Play ground

03 Sq.Km Total Area Organised Green

• •

Total No Of Household survey : 200

Parks Gardens

Total Area Covered 48Sq.Km “Although the per capita Recreational Area is 10.6 Sq.Mt all Of It Is Not Available As It Also Include Open Space And Vacant Plots.”

ore Ind

ore Ind

FI DP R U

Public Parks

Survey Analysis

400 M Proximity

20% Undeveloped Parks 80% Developed Parks

To summarise, the city’s insufficient and unbalanced distribution of green areas may be readily identified.

1.9 Sq.Mt Per Capita Organised GreenRecreational Area

10.6 Sq.Mt Per Capita Recreational Area

10-12 Sq.Mt Per Capita Recreational Area 12

During the survey, it was discovered that neighbourhood level parks indicate an unequal spatial distribution in the city, with peripheral areas clearly lacking access to public parks.

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Introduction to blue infrastructure

Green Infrastructure

Kahn River • •

Length: 21 km Width: 10-30 m

Saraswati River

Blue Infrastructure

• •

Length: 9.4 km Width: 10 m

Kahn River

Kahn River

Saraswati River

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Total Number Of Water Bodies 14

12.20Sq.Km Total Area Under Blue

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Existing Condition Of River

River Water Quality

BOD (mg/l)

Although The Riverfront has been Developed, it is not a Recreational Area Due to Poor Quality and Odour.

Krishnapuri Chatri is a well-known heritage site, but the lack of maintenance and poor water quality deter visitors.

3 or >3

DO (mg/l)

5 or More

3

pH Value

6.5-8.5

8.4

Faecal Coliform

500

(MPN /100ML) Slum settlements along the kahn River prevent more pollution from entering the river due to direct solid waste dumps and sewage flow, and the river’s capacity is severely reduced due to encroachment.

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700 Source-CPCB, 2018-19

“Due to encroachments and undeveloped river edges, river water quality is poor and the risk of flash floods is enhanced.”

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Existing Condition Of Lakes

2 1. Pipliyapalla Lake Area 0.29 sq.km

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Well reserved as Regional Park

3. Pipliyana Lake Area 1.29 sq.km Edge Condition Not Developed, Accessibility Issues

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2. Khajrana Lake

Area 0.02 sq.km

People have encroached on a lake in Lake, which leads 18 to solid waste dumps.

4. Sirpur Lake

Area 1. 51 sq.km

Although effectively maintained as a wetland, several aspects of lake eutropication were studied.

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Catchment Area Analysis

Catchment Area Analysis Bilawali Lake

Year 2000 Catchmen Area-2606.68 HA

Sirpur Lake

Year 2015 Catchmen Area-510 HA

Year 2015 Catchmen Area-1470.81 HA

Year 2015 Catchmen Area-1059.75 HA

Parameter

Value

CPCB

Parameter

Value

CPCB

Temperature

18max – 30min

-

Temperature

18max – 30min

-

Dissolved oxygen

5

5

Dissolved oxygen

7.4

5

Ph

8.2

6.5-8.5

Ph

8.6

6.5-8.5

BOD

2

<3

BOD

1

<3

TOTAL COLIFORM

170

500

TOTAL COLIFORM

220

500

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Problem tree Analysis

Timeline Of Stretagies Indicating low quality of life

Diseased living condition

Increased risk of drought

Increased Land surface temperature

Reduction in Permeable areas

Lack of open green spaces for the community

Filthy environment around waterbodies

Reduction in surface and ground water.

S.No Effects

Increase in Urban Flooding

Inadequate and unequal distribution of green and low quality blue infrastructure in the city.

Inadequate per capita recreational space

Inequitable Distribution of the green space

Rapid Urbanization in last three decades

Poor implementation on the masterplan

Lack of institutional framework to maintain and regulate the green

Disposal of waste and untreated sewage into the river

Reduction in the size of lakes

Disturbance in lake catchment area

Encroachments along the river

Cause

Depletion in green cover increase in built- up

Improper maintenance of lakes

Goal

Short Term 2022-2027

Mid Term 2027-2032

Long Term 2032- 2037

1

Increasing Linear Greens

Greening Arterial roads

Greening Sub-Arterial Roads

2

Green Area based Development Project

-

Green Town

Local Area Plan

3

Blue and Green Corridor

Cleaning river and removing encroachments along the river bed.

Developing Riparian Zone and adding recreational features

Evaluation and monitoring the corridor.

4

Lake linking and rejuvenation

Developing lake & enhance storm water network

Interlinking of lakes

5

City Level framework for Green

Incentives for green roof projects and Development of parks and garden

Problem

Urban Heat Island Effect

Evaluation and monitoring the corridor.

Theory Of Change Providing healthy environment and reducing the impacts of climate change through conserving and enhancing the blue and green assets in the city.

Flood resilient and citizen friendly developments

Heat Responsive development

Enhancing the quality of life

IDENTIFIED PILOT PROJECTS

Improved environment around lakes

Blue Green Corridor Prevention of the encroachments in the riparian zone and increase in public engagement

Creating buffer and mitigating risk of floods

Creation of micro climate and reduction of surface temperature

Increase in per capita green space

Blue and green corridor

Strom Water Retention Basins

Networking green

City level framework for regulation of green

Recreational spaces for the community

Increase in surface and ground water table

Development of Parks and Gardens

Lake Rejuvenation

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Interlinking Lakes

Green Area Based Development Project

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REDEVELOPMENT & INTERLINKING OF LAKES” (RIL)

PILOT PROJECT.....

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Case Study VISION

AUDA had envisioned the project to solve the dual water-related issues of Western Ahmedabad flooding and water security . The project’s vision was also to leverage development in the region and develop the city as a ‘Lake City’ with vibrant public spaces around lakes for enhanced livability.

LAKE REDEVELOPMENT & INTERLINKING OF LAKES

OBJECTIVE

Interlinking Of Lakes

The Interlinkages were conceived in two clusters based on topography and outfall Cluster 1

• • •

1. Flood Resilience

2. Lake Rejuvenation & Water Security

3. Creation of Green & Recreational Spaces

Connections to local Catchments Condition of Catchment Inlets Presence of Flood Control Structures

Provision of Percolation Wells Condition of Percolation Wells Surface Water Levels Status of Encroachment over Lake

Provision of Gardens Provision of other recreational areas Architectural space creation Provision of amenities

Sola to Thaltej to Bodakdev to Makarba to SabarmatiRiver Memnagar to Vastrapur to Makarba to Sabarmati River Prahladnagar to Sabarmati River

Cluster 2 • • • •

Khoraj to Tragad to Chharodi to Jagatpur to Gota to R.C. Technical to Gota - Godhavi Canal via RCC Duct Ranip to Chandlodia to Yadudi to Dev City to R.C. Technical to Gota-Godhavi Canal via RCC Duct

The interlinkages between the lakes were the crucial component envisaged in the LRIL project.

Most of the lakes in Ahmedabad were smaller than five hectares, limiting their capacity to hold stormwater. Historically, lakes in Ahmedabad had been linked through natural drains and streams which maintained the water levels.

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Present Scanario

Vision

“Built flood resilient city through interlinking lakes to maintain the water level and discharge the excess water eventually into river.”

25.8

25.2

Development of lake Catchment Area

Development of sewerage and strom network in the lake vicinity

Living condition water security 2500

Depth of water level (mbgl)

TOTAL ANNUAL RAINFALL

Rainfall

1988.7 mm

2000

1500

8 - 12

1038.8 mm

Rehabilation of informal settlement.

(1)To ensure water security for indore through lake rejuvination & Ground water (2) Dry season water recharge

Waterlogging

<8

(1) Deeping and desilting of lake with improve edge condition.

(2)Redevelope lake with green space

solve issue of waterlogging & strengthen flood resilience

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF INTERLINKING OF LAKE

12 - 16 16 - 20

1000

24 - 28

49.45%

500

0 1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

YEARS

Water volume decreased over the year.

2015

2020

2025

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SQ K M

U RB A N I SA T I O N RA T E A REA U N D ER FL OOD

Lake

Level(IN FT)

Capacity(IN FT)

YESHWANT SAGAR

12

19

BADI BILAWALI

13

34

CHHOTA BILAWALI

00

12

SIRPUR

06

13

PIPLIYAPALA

00

22

LIMBODI

00

16

Lake water levels have dropped dramatically.

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The conceptual design is to collect water from the surroundings through the road network and permeable surfaces, and to collect water into the lake through a strom network & this similar follow to all lakes at the end excess water discharge into river. Rising impermeable surfaces in urban areas, as a result of increased urbanisation, obstruct natural groundwater recharge and break natural linkages, making lakes independent functional entities. Attempts to combine these lakes and form a functioning whole for hydraulic simplicity through alternative techniques and experimental infrastructureprojects result in an impasse.

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Timeline Of Stretagies Location Of Lakes

“To preserve, conserve and revive the lakes as waterbodies

while

safeguarding

them

from

encroachment and solid waste dumping”

IRL PROJECT 1 2 3 4

1. Tejaji Maharaj lake

Residential area prominent around lake reduce catchment Informal roads have lack of storm water connection Public &semipublic impact to vanishing natural drain

2. Proposed lake 5

3. Sirpur lake 4. Sukhnivas lake 5. Dam Pala

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Recreational space along the lake Roads Network proposed Residential area restricting

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Interconnecting Of Lakes Connection of lakes THE ELEVATION MAP IN DIGITAL FORMAT The elevation is from south to north. ALL of the lakes are connected to a large road storm network that runs next to the lake. Dam pala Lake was chosen since it is directly connected to the river.

Interlinking works together as a hydrological system in a big city.

This link helps fill dry lakes and eventually divert excess stormwater over a series of lakes to the river. The connection works through a network of gravity lines that follow the natural gradient of the indole from south to north.

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E X I S T I N G S I T U AT I O N O F R I L L A K E S

Solid waste are disposed in lake

Tejaji Maharaj lake

Sirpur lake

Solid waste are disposed in lake

Sukhniwas lake

Dam pala

Lake Edge Condition Not Developed

Most lakes are undeveloped, inaccessible, in need of maintenance, lack of percolation wells, no recreational nearby, three lakes are eutrophicated, and some lakes have solid waste thrown in them.

Eutrophication in sukhnivas &Sirpur lake

SEWAGE FLOW On Dam Pala Analyzed Lack of percolation well

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Stakeholder, Development Phase Phases Of Development Of Lake

01

Stakeholder Involvement Housing & slum rehabilitation(ulbs)

Private partner agency

Rehabilitate Slum

02

Redevelopment of Lakes with well edge condition Connect to local catchment

03

Development of strom water drainage Percolation well

04

Water supply and sewerage (state gov.)

Drainage projects(ULB)

Desilting and deeping lakes

Road project (ULB)

Green space around lake

Garden department (ULB)

Floating Island

Budget For 1 year Estimation SI . NO Sluice gate

Conseptual Design To Manage Water Level Rcc duct pipe Lake A valve Sluice gate

The linkages were to be controlled with the help of sluice gates and valves, The provision of an RCC stormwater duct and water control gates were used to assess the status of connection to the network.

River

PARTICULAR

Lakes

COST IN INR(MILLION)

1

Excavation of lake

2

0.5

2

Stormwater drainage network

5

1.38

3

Water recharging percolation well

5

0.13

4

Stone pitching

4

1.24

5

Garden development

4

0.66

6

Peripheral road network

0

1.38

7

Peripheral compound wall

0

0.83

8

Design & supervision

5

0.15

IL consisted of several departments and institutions at different levels. Most responsibilities rest with the Urban Local Authority (IMC) and Urban Development Agency (IAD). They are partially or fully involved in every step from design to implementation. State authorities monitor the work of these ULBs or ADAs to ensure they comply with established standards Lake B

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TOTAL :-6.27 MILLION 37

SMIT DODIYA PUI21350 CEPT UNIVERSITY 38