White Stone Residences- Thesis Project

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White Stone Residences: A Socialized Housing Project By Integrating The Informality of Isla Puting Bato, Tondo Through Architectural Inverse

MENTORS:

Ar. Harvey Vasquez- ARCDES 10 Ar. Cesar Concio III- ARCDES 9

CSB-SDA 2020

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to create an onsite-relocation project by utilizing the Architecture Inverse theory in Isla Puting Bato, Tondo. The Architecture Inverse theory aims to uncover the social dynamics around the production and construction of housing, infrastructure and public spaces in the informal sectors. Informal settlements and urban informality are a serious and common problem in Third World countries. Rapid urbanization and the inadequate capability to cope with the housing needs of people in urban areas have contributed to the development of informal settlements.

Many policies, programs and strategies have been done by the government to address and solve the housing problem which is the main breeding platform for informal settlements. The many approaches include programs, such as: socialized housing, site and services, redevelopment, slum and area upgrading, among others; but none of which could address the environmental quality and housing needs on a bigger scale. People affected establish self-planned settlements or, Informal settlements in answering to this. Policies and practices that supported this approach failed to stop further growth of these settlements, contributed less to their overall urbanization. Some, if not most, of these informal settlers even leave the housing provided for them by the government due to its inefficiency. This in return forces them to leave and return back to the informal settlements in the city.

If informal settlers tend to go back to informal settlements because of how ineffective some government projects and policies are with regards to socialized housing, how can we improve this? How do we adapt to address the current problem we have with socialized housing? This is the goal of the study. To understand the context of certain informal settlements and incorporate it to future relocation projects. By incorporating the informality of certain settlements, we might be able to address some problems we face on affordable housing projects.

Keywords: Socialized Housing, Architecture Inverse, Isla Puting Bato, Affordable Housing, Informality

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CONTENT 10 11 11 12 16 17 17 18 19 20 24 25 28 28 29 30 31 32 33 37 37 38 39 40 41 44 45 45 46

Informal Settlements Informal Settlements Data Informal Settlements in the Philippines Sample of Establishments Right to Adequate Housing Affordable/ Socialized Housing Socialized Housing in the Philippines Case Studies- Local Case Studies- Intrnational Case Studies- Unsuccessful Govenrment Relocation for Isla Puting Bato Copy of Memorandum of Understanding Isla Puting Bato, Tondo Location Map Isla Puting Bato- Road Isla Puting Bato- Houses Isla Puting Bato- Lifestyle The People Of Isla Puting Bato Interview Results Architecture Inverse Form Finding Conceptual Residential Houses Exterior Iterations Zoning Diagrams Facilities Site Dev Mobility Structural Plans

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INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS

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INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS The definition of informal settlements is context-specific. Various definitions have thus been proposed, but that suggested by the UN Habitat Programmeis probably the most widely applicable. This defines informal settlements as: i) residential areas where a group of housing units has been constructed on land to which the occupants have no legal claim, or which they occupy illegally; ii) unplanned settlements and areas where housing is not in compliance with current planning and building regulations (unauthorized housing).

REASONS BEHIND INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS

FORCED EVICTION Every year, millions of people around the world are threatened by evictions or forcibly evicted, often leaving them homeless, landless, and living in extreme poverty and destitution.

POPULATION GROWTH Overpopulation will place great demands on resources and land, leading to widespread environmental issues in addition to impacting global economies and standards of living.

LACK OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING Many observers claim that we are in the midst of an “affordable housing shortage” or, even worse, an “affordable housing crisis.” The primary concern is that too many households live in “unaffordable” rental units.

LOW-INCOME In terms of global income inequality, the poorest two-thirds of the world’s people are estimated to receive less than 13 percent of world income, while the richest 1% take nearly 15%.

MIGRANTS FROM THE PROVINCE Employment opportunities are the most common reason due to which people migrate. Except this, lack of opportunities, better education, construction of dams, globalization, natural disaster (flood and drought) and sometimes crop failure forced villagers to migrate to cities.

Informal settlements are residential areas where (UN-Habitat, 2015): - inhabitants often have no security of tenure for the land or dwellings they inhabit for example, they may squat or rent informally; - neighbourhoods usually lack basic services and city infrastructure; - housing may not comply with planning and building regulations, and is often situated in geographically and environmentally sensitive areas

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INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS DATA Informal settlements exist across the globe, echoing the fact that 28% of all households have insecure tenure.

It is hard to define these population centres as they represent a wide variety of characteristics. Informal settlements are typically comprised of economically depressed or migrant people living in crowded settlements with or without legal rights to the land they live upon.

Urban Population Living in Slums or Informal Settlements, 2018 Eastern and South-Eastern Asia

19.2% 199

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An estimated 3 billion people will require adequate and affordable housing by 2030.

35.8%

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That positive trend recently reversed course, and the proportion grew to 23.5 per cent in 2018. The absolute number of people living in slums or informal settlements grew to over 1 billion, with 80 per cent attributed to three regions: Eastern and SouthEastern Asia (370 million), sub-Saharan Africa (238 million) and Central and Southern Asia (227 million).

370 MILLION

Other Regions

The proportion of the urban population living in slums worldwide declined by 20 per cent between 2000 and 2014 (from 28 per cent to 23 per cent).

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23%

Central and Southern Asia

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Sub-Saharan Africa

INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES Land is very limited and urban land is scarcer. Access to land is one of the most difficult factors for the urban poor and inaccessibility to land mostly contributes to squatting on vacant urban lands. Philippines is rapidly urbanizing and its urban development is severely featured by the continuous and rapid rise of informal settlements.

ABOUT 4.5 MILLION PEOPLE ARE HOMELESS OR LIVING IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES, WITH ITS POPULATION

OF ABOUT 106 MILLION, ACCORDING TO THE STATSITIC OFFICE.

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SAMPLE OF ESTABLISHMENTS Many informal settlements in Metro Manila reside on public land, by riverbanks and railroad tracks, some in parks, playgrounds and cemeteries. Because informal settlements are often located in the most undesirable, infrastructure-less areas of the city, the people who live there are the most susceptible to the effects of flooding and other natural disasters. Informal settlers reside wherever they can find a means of living in the city, even if not safe.

Baseco Compound The district is among the most populous areas in Manila and is affected by several problems, lack of infrastructure and public facilities, river flooding, overpopulation and poverty.

Baseco Compound, the largest among five communities composing Manila’s port, is a wide reclaimed area that is now occupied by informal settlers. The 53-hectare (130-acre) BASECO compound has been razed by fires in the last ten years: a 2002 blaze left some 15,000 residents homeless, and a 2004 fire razed shanties of 25,000 people.

Estero de Magdalena Estero de Magdalena is one of the 47 identified tributaries of the Pasig River that suffers from immense solid and liquid waste pollution problems.

It has been one of the priority projects of the PRRC with an allocated budget of around P17 million for its conversion into an environmental preservation area spanning 1,060 linear meters from Mayhaligue Street (Metropolitan Hospital) to Recto Avenue. The Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission on Thursday said some residents along the Estero de Magdalena in Binondo, Manila will be relocated to Trece Martires in Cavite.

Quirino Bridge Shelters made of scrap wood hang from the ceiling of the bridge and just a few inches above the surface of the water. More than one family reside in each house, providing hot and tight living space.

They make do with what they have. Living rooms where they spend daytime double as their dining area during meals. At night, when the noise of the trucks above drown the sound of the rushing water underneath, they think about how to survive tomorrow.

In 2005, they were relocated to Cabuyao, Laguna only to return under the bridge after a year due to a lack of job opportunities and access to basic social services.

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SOCIALIZED HOUSING

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RIGHT TO ADEQUATE HOUSING

International human rights law recognizes everyone’s right to an adequate standard of living, including adequate housing. Despite the central place of this right within the global legal system, well over a billion people are not adequately housed. Millions around the world live in life- or healththreatening conditions, in overcrowded slums and informal settlements, or in other conditions which do not uphold their human rights and their dignity. Further millions are forcibly evicted, or threatened with forced eviction, from their homes every year.

The Right to Adequate Housing Contains Freedoms

Protection against forced evictions and the arbitrary destruction and demolition of one’s home

The right to be free from arbitrary interference with one’s home, privacy and family

The right to choose one’s residence, to determine where to live and to freedom of movement

Adequate Housing Must Provide More Than Four Walls and a Roof

A number of conditions must be met before particular forms of shelter can be considered to constitute “adequate housing.” These elements are just as fundamental as the basic supply and availability of housing. For housing to be adequate, it must, at a minimum, meet the following criteria:

Security of Tenure

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Accessibility

Availability of services, materials, facilities and infrastructure

Location

Affordability

Habitability

Cultural Adequacy

AFFORDABLE/ SOCIALIZED HOUSING The unprecedented rate of urbanization across the world has led to increased demand for good, affordable housing. A recent survey revealed that of 200 cities polled around the globe, 90% were considered unaffordable when applying the widely-used standard of average house prices being more than three-times median income.

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Affordability is not just about the ability to buy or rent a home, but also about being able to afford to live in it. This definition of affordability goes beyond meeting expenses related to operations and maintenance, taking into consideration transport, infrastructure and services.

According to yhe UN figures, only 13% of the wold’s cities have affordable housing. (UN HABITAT, 2016)

SOCIALIZED HOUSING IN THE PHILIPPINES Socialized Housing refers to housing programs and projects covering houses and lots or home lots only undertaken by the government or the private sector for the underprivileged and homeless citizens which shall include sites and services development, long-term financing, liberalized terms on interest payments, and such other benefits in agreement with this Act. — Urban Development and Housing Act (UDHA), RA 7279.

DATA

The housing backlog is 3.9 million households.

Assuming that production of housing units would average 200,000 units every year from 2012 to 2030, the backlog would still persist and hit 6.5 million households by 2030. The highest demand would come from the economic housing segment, followed by socialized housing, and lastly by low-cost housing.

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CASE STUDIES- LOCAL Paradise Heights- Tondo, Manila

Paradise Heights is one of the 11 in-city relocation sites for thousands of families living in creeks and rivers, or danger zones threatened by flash floods during heavy rains. A unit’s rent is P1,500 per month. This is more expensive than houses in relocation sites outside Metro Manila that only cost P200 a month.

“Mahal kasi building ito at limitado ang lupa sa loob ng Metro Manila,” - NHA General Manager Chito Cruz.

Camarin Residence- Caloocan City

The settlement, Camarin Residences 3, is one of the housing projects of the National Housing Authority (NHA).

The residential compound has 10 buildings with 120 units each Families in both in-city and off-city sites are unable to pay their monthly amortization, which is set to increase as time goes by. Others end up opening their units for lease or eventually selling them. They just go back to areas in Manila nearer business centers, where there are better chances of finding jobs.

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CASE STUDIES- INTERNATIONAL 8 House- Copenhagen, Denmark

“8 House is a three-dimensional neighborhood rather than an architectural object. An alley of 150 rowhouses stretches through the entire block and twists all the way from street level to the top and down again. Where social life, the spontaneous encounter and neighbor interaction traditionally is restricted to the ground level, the 8 House allows it to expand all the way to the top,” - Bjarke Ingels, Founding Partner, BIG.

Half a House- Chile

The houses are simple, two-story homes, each with wall that runs down the middle, splitting the house in two.

One side of the house is ready to be moved into. The other side is just a frame around empty space, waiting to be built out by the occupant.

Elemental has made a name for itself building these half-a-homes, and not just as disaster relief. The response from the architectural community has been overwhelmingly positive. In 2016, the firm’s founder, Alejandro Aravena, was awarded the Pritzker Prize, one of the top prizes in the field.

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CASE STUDIES- UNSECCESSFUL Pruitt-Igoe- St. Louis, Missouri

Intended as a paradise, Pruitt-Igoe is remembered today as America’s most notorious housing project. “Modern architecture died in St Louis, Missouri on July 15, 1972, at 3.32 pm,” wrote architecture critic Charles Jencks of the Pruitt-Igoe housing projects. Within two decades, it would undergo complete demolition.

Whether you call Pruitt-Igoe’s short, troubled existence a failure of architecture, a failure of policy, or a failure of society, its fate remains bound up with, and reflective of, the fate of many American cities in the mid-20th century.

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Cabrini-Green Public Housing- Chicago

Cabrini-Green was a public housing development located near a flame-spewing gas refinery which gave it its nickname, The Hellhole!

The government prioritized the poorest people, including single mothers and the homeless, to access the housing. The project was a symbol of hope for mitigating slum-life but soon became a high-rise slum itself.

Cost-reducing measures taken during construction led to quick deterioration.

All kinds of social ills spread throughout the complex in no time. Gangs took over public spaces and drug dealers started preying on the young. More tenants became fearful to leave their homes. Crime soared further with working residents becoming unemployed as the nearby factories closed. Finally, in late 90’s, the government issued orders to demolish these public housing buildings.

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GOVERNMENT PROPOSAL

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GOVERNMENT RELOCATION FOR ISLA PUTING BATO

Resonating the Duterte administration’s drive for social responsibility, five hectares of government land will be donated for the relocation of at least 2,086 informal settler families (ISFs) long living on Isla Puting Bato in Manila. The Department of Transportation (DOTr), through the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA), signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on Tuesday, in collaboration with the National Housing Authority (NHA), local government unit (LGU) of Manila, International Container Terminal Services, Inc. (ICTSI), and the Manila North Harbor Port, Inc. (MNHPI).

Through the MOU, the ISFs from Isla Puting Bato are now beneficiaries of new housing units in the five-hectare property owned by the PPA in Tondo, Manila.

“Peligroso po ‘yung nasa malapit sila sa katubigan. Ito po ay hindi magiging pagmamay-ari ng kung sinuman kundi ng pamahalaan pa rin. Mayroon po tayong dokumentasyon na kasiguruhan na kung sinuman ang benepisyaryo ay hindi siya mapapaalis diyan sa units na gagawin (It is hazardous to be living near the waterway. This [property] will not be owned by anyone else but the government. We have documentation to ensure that the beneficiaries would not be evicted from their units),” -PPA general manager Jay Santiago

“Gagawa tayo ng paraan para magkaroon ng balance nang sa ganoon, ‘yung hangarin natin sa kabuuan na mapaayos ang kalagayan ng mga pamilya ay mabigyan ng katuparan (We will make a way to strike a balance to achieve our goal of giving them [ISFs] decent homes,” Tugade said.

-DOTr Secretary Arthur Tugade

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COPY OF MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING A memorandum of understanding (MOU or MoU) is an agreement between two or more parties outlined in a formal document. It is not legally binding but signals the willingness of the parties to move forward with a contract. An MOU is an expression of agreement to proceed. It indicates that the parties have reached an understanding and are moving forward.

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ISLA PUTING BATO, TONDO

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ISLA PUTING BATO, TONDO Isla Puting Bato is an informal community located in Tondo Manila. Its situated besides Bureau of Customs Port District and Manila Bay. The settlement is illegally built on top of PPA’s land. On the year 2019, the government is finally relocating the community along with 2,086 families living in it.

LOCATION MAP

ISLA PUTING BATO, TONDO RELOCAION SITE

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Based on Manila’s CLUP, Isla Puting Bato is located in a utility zone along with the Pier. The government is relocating them nearby having an in-city relocation site.

The Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) had agreed to donate a parcel of land to squatter residents who are expected to be affected by the rehabilitation of Manila Bay. Under the agreement, the City of Manila will provide support and assistance in the implementation of the clearing operations, relocation and resettlement of the informal settlers.

ISLA PUTING BATO- ROAD Road Features

There is 1 Main Road cut into two, one on the side and another in the middle.

The middle road has a length around 400m while the road on the side is around 1.2 km long.

You can see people and vehicles co-esxiting with one another. The road gets more thinner because of how locals use the side of the road as parking. Other activites can also be seen outside.

Because the road is narrow, vehicles that passes through are usually 2 or 3-wheeled vehicles like motorcycles, bicycles and tricycles.

“Habal” is mostly seen here. Because of the linear design of the community, travelling from one point to another takes more time. “Habal” not only helps locals move around the site, but also move outside the site as well.

Alleyways are also seen within the community. These narrow pathways are used to move around and access deeper areas within the community.

Because people use this path of way, commercial spaces can be seen around the area.

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ISLA PUTING BATO- HOUSES Housing Features

Houses in the community are usually made out of wood, concrete, and corrugated metal while others use recycled materials.

Most houses are small but they maximize what minimal space they have.

Most locals in Isla Puting Bato have a small commercial area below or infront of their houses to earn income.

Some commercial spaces include eatery, computer shop, billiaran and sari sari stores.

Isla Puting Bato also suffers from over population. Because of this, houses slowly spill to the sea.

Houses spilling outside are usually made out of wood or recycled materials. They stand using wooden stilts.

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ISLA PUTING BATO- LIFESTYLE Community’s Lifestyle

Main demographic of the community are carpenters, fisherman, office workers, habal drivers and sari sari owners.

The people living in the community are diverse in religion and heritage. Many of the residents were also born and raised in the community as well.

The site also have different facilities that the locals built for their community. These facilities include churches and elementary schools (grade 1-3).

Even without a greencode, the community gives effort in putting greenery to the site.

Most vegetations are usually located outside their houses, on their rooftops or on their balconies.

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THE PEOPLE OF ISLA PUITNG BATO To understand more about the site, I visited the barangay and asked if I could have a small audience who knew about the community. They were nice enough to agree. For an hour I interviewed them about Isla Puting Bato, the government’s proposal, their wants and needs when it comes to housing and my personal ideas on how I wish to approach the project.

SPECIAL THANKS TO: Jerlie Afendedo Danny Afendedo Merry Bascal Ivy Caraan Elena Emano Marivic Lobesto Norma Nalamma Rebecca Sanchez Riza Solayao Arlene Tubao

Survey Questionaire

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INTERVIEW RESULTS Concerns

Locals are afraid that the relocation is temporary and not permanent

The people are willing to move knowing that the relocation site is near to their jobs and livelihood

The community are aware of the vertical establishment and understands that the site isn’t that big

Out of all the case studies, most of them loved the idea of the half house and the 8 house

Wants and Needs

CLINIC

KIDS PLAYGROUND

SCHOOL

PARK

SALON

MARKET

SARI-SARI STORE

POLICE STATION

KAREOKE

CHURCH

PARKING

EATERY

FARM

COMPUTER SHOP

Pros

NEAR LIVELIHOOD

DOESN’T FLOOD

Cons

PEOPLE KNOW ONE ANOTHER

EVERYTHING IS THERE

RIOTS

KIDS PLAYING

LOUD MUSIC

ACTIVITIES CAUSES TRAFFIC

SIDE PARKING CAUSES NARROW ROADS

ONE ENTRANCE, ONE EXIT

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THESIS PROPOSAL

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ARCHITECTURE INVERSE White Stone Residences is the conceptual proposal for Isla Puting Bato that tries to recreate the community into a socialized housing project by using the idea of “Architecture Inverse”. Architecture Inverse aims to uncover the social dynamics around the production and construction of housing, infrastructure and public spaces in the informal sectors. The goal of Architecture Inverse is to understand how low income families design and plan their communities based on their essentail needs, affordability, limited space and resources. With the study that was conducted in Isla Puting Bato, the project tries to extract certain elements and recreate these components into the project.

FORM FINDING

The community has one road making movement longer and linear, however if seen differently, the linear road forces people to interact with the community more. The road is also located next to their houses creating “defesnible space”. Vehicles and passersby share this road creating a safer environment due to people being more aware of their surroundings. Lastly due to the narrow roads, 2-wheeled vehicles are mostly used for transportation. The ramp system’s objective is to let residents use their vehicles inside the structure.

Parking infront of their home is one of the characteristics that locals do in the community. Placing this infront gives the residents faster access and promotes higher security of propoerty.

The angle on the road is designed so that residents are unable to place anything in front due to it tipping over in uneven surface.

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6m width

ES L IC

7.2m width

Balconies promote activies that locals usually do outside their homes like washing of clothes. The balcony was also designed to encourage socialization between neighbors.

GR EE

road

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barrier/ planting strip parking space

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CONCEPTUAL RESIDENTIAL HOUSES Informal settlements in Isla Puting Bato is a good example on how people adapt to lack of resources, money and land. Most informal houses in the site are usually smaller than that recommended of our building code. Suprisingly, families are able to live within these structures. It just proves that you dont need a big space to create a home.

The key is how you use and maximize the space within.

The project has 3,136 units that families can rent to own. isla Puting Bato has a population of 2,086 families.

With 3,136 units in the project, almost 50% more units are given to the community which may help lessen cost of rent. Other aspects like lot area and method of construction also helps in making the houses affordable.

Floor Plan Differences

4.0m

3.0m

2.0m 4.0m

THESIS PROPOSAL

BUILDABLE SPACE

1.2m

BALCONY

BASIC FOOTPRINT

BASIC FOOTPRINT 1.5m

1.5m

FRONT YARD

3.0m

TOILET

5.5m BASIC FOOTPRINT

BASIC FOOTPRINT FRONT YARD 4.0m

1.2m

BALCONY

4.5m

1.2m

1.8m

TOILET

2.0m

REAR YARD

4.0m

TOILET

REAR YARD

TOILET

1.5m

9.0m

BP220- ROW HOUSE

2.5m

3.0m

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Top Steel Frame 3.0m (W) x 3.5m (H) x 6.0m (L) + Bottom Steel Frame 3.0m (W) x 3.5m (H) x 4.5m (L) + Balcony 3.0m (W) x 1.2m (L)

AXONOMETRIC #2

Top Steel Frame 3.0m (W) x 3.5m (H) x 6.0m (L) + Bottom Steel Frame 3.0m (W) x 3.5m (H) x 6.0m (L) + Balcony 3.0m (W) x 1.2m (L)

AXONOMETRIC #4

Bottom Steel Frame 3.0m (W) x 3.5m (H) x 6.0m (L) + Balcony 3.0m (W) x 1.2m (L)

AXONOMETRIC #3

Bottom Steel Frame 3.0m (W) x 3.5m (H) x 4.5m (L) + Balcony 3.0m (W) x 1.2m (L)

AXONOMETRIC #1

Axonometric Diagram

The houses in the project use steel frame as its main structural component with replaceable panels.

Because carpentry is one of the prominent demographic in the community, locals can customize, repair or replace the panels whenever they want.

EXTERIOR ITERATIONS Houses in Isla Puting Bato have different characteristics. Some houses are for pure residential while others have commercial spaces below. These includes eatery, sari-sari stores and more.

ITERATION#2

ITERATION#1

ITERATION#3 1 FRAME

1 FRAME

1 FRAME

- good for 1-4 people - storage space in front

- good for 1-4 people - garden space in front

- good for 1-4 people - open space in front

ITERATION#5

ITERATION#4

1 FRAME

1 FRAME

- good for 1-4 people - fully extended

- good for 1-8 people - fully extended

ITERATION#10 2 FRAMES - good for 1-4 people - computer shop below

CO

SAMPLE ER SHOP T PU M

2 FRAMES - good for 1-8 people - cooking space in front

ITERATION#11 2 FRAMES

- good for 1-8 people - extra balcony/ open space in front

I STORES R A I-S

ITERATION#8 2 FRAMES - good for 1-8 people - commercial stall in front

ITERATION#12 2 FRAMES - good for 2-8 people - rentable space below

“W E

2 FRAMES

ITERATION#7

SA R

ITERATION#6

T

ITERATION#9 2 FRAMES - good for 1-8 people - garden space in front

ITERATION#13 2 FRAMES

- good for 1-4 people - eatery below

R KE T ” A M EA T

- good for 1-4 people - commercial space in front

Y ER

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ZONINGS DIAGRAM

ISLA PUTING BATOZONING

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FACILITIES Community facilities can make an important contribution to the vitality and sustainability of neighbourhoods.

They provide for the health, welfare, social, educational, spiritual, recreational, leisure and cultural needs of the community, and play an important role in the development of vibrant neighbourhoods by creating a sense of place and providing opportunities for people to meet and interact socially.

PEGS

Commercial Park

The commercial park is a place where multiple commercial stalls, entertainment, health and community facilities can be seen. In total there are parking areas, security and management, clinic, 80 stalls, food area, commercial area, karaoke place, billiard hall, basketball court, badminton court, workout areas, restrooms and a roof farm. The goal of the commercial park is to give residents a chance to earn income and give services to the community and its neighbors.

Clinic

Healthcare is important to community health. Community health focuses on the physical and mental well-being of the people inside the community.

Proper public health includes initiatives that helps community members maintain and improve their health while also preventing infectious diseases to spread in the area.

Security and Management

Security and Management is important to address security of the whole place. Community security works with local officials and individuals to identify both the causes of insecurity and solution to improve safety. Community safety is not just about injury prevention and crime prevention; it is about increasing well-being and building strong, cohesive, vibrant, participatory communities.

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Electrical Substation

The project has an electrical substation that handles the community’s electricity. To compute how much electricity the community needs, the proponent took the average consumption per household here in the Philippines which is 248.1 kilowatt hours monthly and multiplying the total number of household in the community which is 3,136. Total average consumption is 778,041 kilowatt hours per month.

Elementary School

Isla Puting Bato has 3 elementary schools however all of them ranges from grade 1 to grade 3. Based on surveys done with the locals, most parents prefer to have a proper elementary school where kids can go to without traveling a far distance. Elementary school is the most important stage for every child, since the child may evolve from a young child to a self-conscious person. It provides a foundation for everyday skills, more specific to primary education.

Place of Worship

Religion is one of the many things that connects people and communities together. Place of worship is a place where members of that faith gather to conduct worship services for their respective divinities. It is also sometimes serve as a communal gathering place for the religious community as well.

Community Centre

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The idea of the community center is to offer a place where all members of the community from young to old, can meet, plan and learn different things that can strengthen a community and its people. A community center is open to the locals where they can gather for group activities, social support, get updated to public information and other purposes. It helps the local economy, provides a space for youth, promotes community involvement, improve the value of your community, and promotes health and happiness.

Kids Playground

One of the main problems of people living in Isla Puting Bato are the kids. Kids usually play outside making loud noises which disturbs alot of the locals in the area. By creating a kids playground, the percentage of kids playing near resident houses gets diminished while creating a safe environment for them to play in. The design of the platforms are inspired from different games and activities kids do.

For example, playing “taya-tayaan” requires a bigger platform compared to kids playing “pogs”.

Recreational Space

Below the residential area is where you can find the recreational spaces. Recreational space are a tangible reflection of the quality of life in a community. They provide identity for citizens and are a major factor in the perception of quality of life in a given community. Parks and recreation services are often cited as one of the most important factors in surveys of how livable communities are.

Community Farm

Isla Puting Bato has a community farm which is locally owned and operated, and democratically controlled by the locals. Community farms keep money circulating in their communities rather than exporting it to absentee owners or shareholders, and the benefits are passed on to local restaurants, farmers markets, retailers, and consumers.

Physical Fitness Area

Community access to opportunities for physical activity is extremely important. By engaging communities in physical activity, you can help people share knowledge about the benefits of physical activitiy, develop awareness about opportunities to be physically active, and overcome barriers and negative attitudes that may exist about exercise.

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SITE DEV The relocation site is a usfruct land owned by PPA. Its approximately 350m away from the site. The land is 5 hectares big which is situated near Parola Compound. The project has 4 building phases. This will help in cost and construction. Though the project may look like a megastructure, its actually strips of residential space that are interconnected with the platform that intertwines with one another.

PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 4

14.599416, 120.958459

Weather Conditions

Elevations

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FRONT ELEVATION

LEFT ELEVATION

REAR ELEVATION

RIGHT ELEVATION

MOBILITY Designing how people and vehicles move in the community is vital for safety, fluidity and emergencies. The road map diagram shows where vehicles move around and where they can park. The parking space was computed using the building code’s standards while adding additional parking based on the community’s lifestyle. The diagram also shows how fire trucks or garbage trucks move the site.

ROAD MAP DIAGRAM

LEGEND

WHITE STONE RESIDENCES

ROAD CAR PARKING MOTORCYCLE PARKING BICYCLE PARKING BOAT PARKING

GARBAGE TRUCKS FIRE TRUCKS ACCESS TO RESIDENTIAL

MOVEMENT

CORE

STRUCTURAL The main structural system of the project uses reinforced concrete. There are multiple benefits when using reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete was designed to meet the performance flaws of plain concrete, especially high-stress environment. Concrete is one of the best construction materials widely known for its sturdiness and durability. Reinforced concrete also has great weather and fire resistance. The nature of concrete does not allow it to catch fire or burn. Reinforced concrete can be molded into a limitless range of shapes. Due to the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete, maintenance is often at a minimum. Lastly, the construction of reinforced concrete requires less labor during the erection of these structures. Because of this, less labor means less cost.

45

PLANS The architectural plans are shown to see how the project works in the inside. Voids seen in the project were specifically placed to create appropriate ventilation, easier access to eliminating fire, and passage of light. The plan also shows how the movement and the ramp system works inside.

A 1

SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN SCALE

NTS

ESS

OU

C AC H T

S ICT

M

46

RD

MICT NORTH ACCESS

RD

N 47

B 1

B 2

48

RESIDENTIAL- 1ST TO 2ND LEVEL SCALE

1:1500

RESIDENTIAL- 2ND TO 3RD/ 3RD TO 4TH/ 4TH TO 5TH/ 5TH TO 6TH LEVEL SCALE

1:1500

B 3

RESIDENTIAL- 7TH LEVEL SCALE

1:1500

C 1

C 3

C 5

C 7

C WORSHIP- 1ST FLOOR PLACE OF 1

SCALE

1:500

C COMMUNITY CENTRE- 1ST FLOOR

SCALE

3

1:500

C

5 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL- 1ST FLOOR

SCALE

1:500

C

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL- 3RD FLOOR 7 SCALE

1:500

C 2

C 4

C 6

C 8

PLACEC2OF WORSHIP- 2ND FLOOR SCALE

1:500

C COMMUNITY CENTRE- 2ND FLOOR

SCALE

4

1:500

C

6 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL- 2ND FLOOR

SCALE

1:500

C

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL- ROOFTOP 7 SCALE

1:500

49

50

51

52

53

"There are things that they know much better than us, and if somebody knows how to make the most efficient use of scarce resources it's poor families, they are masters in establishing priorities, and we wanted to take that wisdom into the system."

- Alejandro Aravena

REFERENCES

https://gsdrc.org/topic-guides/urban-governance/key-policy-challenges/informal-settlements/ https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2019/goal-11/ https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2018/0607/Slumdwellers-in-the-Philippines-build-homes-through-community-programs https://www.ohchr.org/documents/publications/fs21_rev_1_housing_ en.pdf https://filipinohomes.com/blog/what-is-socialized-housing/ http://boi.gov.ph/ufaqs/housing/ https://www.archdaily.com/83307/8-house-big https://www.archdaily.com/797779/half-a-house-builds-a-whole-community-elementals-controversial-social-housing https://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/metro-manila/07/02/13/tondos-paradise-heights-being-built-informal-settlers https://www.huduser.gov/portal/pdredge/pdr_edge_featd_article_110314.html https://www.arch2o.com/unsuccessful-public-housing/ https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1063027 https://www.worldweatheronline.com/tondo-weather-averages/manila/ ph.aspx